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Huang T, Song C, Chen Y, Gan Y, Hu S, Hai A, Liu W, Kang T, Zhao Y, Miao Z, Wang X, Fu Y, Ke B. Molecular Transformers: Adaptive Multitarget Ligands for Esterase-Induced Transition from Analgesics to Anesthetics. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12349-12365. [PMID: 39013072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Multitarget strategies are essential in addressing complex diseases, yet developing multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) is particularly challenging when aiming to engage multiple therapeutic targets across different tissues. Here, we present a molecular transformer strategy, enhancing traditional MTDLs. By utilizing esterase-driven hydrolysis, this approach mimics the adaptive nature of transformers for enabling molecules to modify their pharmacological effects in response to the biological milieu. By virtual screening and biological evaluation, we identified KGP-25, a novel compound initially targeting the voltage-gated sodium channel 1.8 (Nav1.8) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) for analgesia, and later the γ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor (GABAA) in the central nervous system (CNS) for general anesthesia. Our findings confirm KGP-25's dual efficacy in cellular and animal models, effectively reducing opioid-related side effects. This study validates the molecular transformer approach in drug design and highlights its potential to overcome the limitations of conventional MTDLs, paving new avenues in innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianguang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chi Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shilong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ao Hai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wencheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xing Wang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yihang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bowen Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Luo M, He J, Yin L, Zhan P, Zhao Z, Xiong H, Mei Z. Borneol exerts its antipruritic effects by inhibiting TRPA1 and activating TRPM8. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117581. [PMID: 38103845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Borneol is a long-established traditional Chinese medicine that has been found to be effective in treating pain and itchy skin. However, whether borneol has a therapeutic effect on chronic itch and its related mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antipruritic effect of borneol and its molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS DrugBAN framework and molecular docking were applied to predict the targets of borneol, and the calcium imaging or patch-clamp recording analysis were used to detect the effects of borneol on TRPA1, TRPM8 or TRPV3 channels in HEK293T cells. In addition, various mouse models of acute itch and chronic itch were established to evaluate the antipruritic effects of borneol on C57BL/6J mice. Then, the borneol-induced pruritic relief was further investigated in Trpa1-/-, Trpm8-/-, or Trpa1-/-/Trpm8-/- mice. The effects of borneol on the activation of TRPM8 and the inhibition of TRPA1 were also measured in dorsal root ganglia neurons of wild-type (WT), Trpm8-/- and Trpv1-/- mice. Lastly, a randomized, double-blind study of adult patients was conducted to evaluate the clinical antipruritic effect of borneol. RESULTS TRPA1, TRPV3 and TRPM8 are the potential targets of borneol according to the results of DrugBAN algorithm and molecular docking. Calcium imaging and patch-clamp recording analysis demonstrated that borneol activates TRPM8 channel-induced cell excitability and inhibits TRPA1 channel-mediated cell excitability in transfected HEK293T cells. Animal behavior analysis showed that borneol can significantly reduce acute and chronic itch behavior in C57BL/6J mice, but this effect was eliminated in Trpa1-/-, Trpm8-/- mice, or at least in Trpa1-/-/Trpm8-/- mice. Borneol elicits TRPM8 channel induced [Ca2+]i responses but inhibits AITC or SADBE-induced activation of TRPA1 channels in dorsal root ganglia neurons of WT and Trpv1-/- mice, respectively. Furthermore, the clinical results indicated that borneol could reduce itching symptoms in patients and its efficacy is similar to that of menthol. CONCLUSION Borneol has therapeutic effects on multiple pruritus models in mice and patients with chronic itch, and the mechanism may be through inhibiting TRPA1 and activating TRPM8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jinfeng He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | | | - Hui Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China; Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zhinan Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Hopkins S, Kelley T, Roller R, Thompson RS, Colagiovanni DB, Chupka K, Fleshner M. Oral CBD-rich hemp extract modulates sterile inflammation in female and male rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1112906. [PMID: 37275221 PMCID: PMC10234154 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabidiol (CBD) extract from the cannabis plant has biomedical and nutraceutical potential. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD products produce few psychoactive effects and pose little risk for abuse. There is emerging preclinical and clinical evidence that CBD is stress modulatory and may have anti-inflammatory properties. People across the United States legally ingest CBD-rich hemp extracts to manage mental and physical health problems, including stress and inflammation. Preclinical studies have revealed potential mechanisms for these effects; however, the impact of this prior work is diminished because many studies: 1) tested synthetic CBD rather than CBD-rich hemp extracts containing terpenes and/or other cannabinoids thought to enhance therapeutic benefits; 2) administered CBD via injection into the peritoneal cavity or the brain instead of oral ingestion; and 3) failed to examine potential sex differences. To address these gaps in the literature, the following study tested the hypothesis that the voluntary oral ingestion of CBD-rich hemp extract will attenuate the impact of stressor exposure on plasma and tissue inflammatory and stress proteins in females and males. Methods: Adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats (10-15/group) were randomly assigned to be given cereal coated with either vehicle (coconut oil) or CBD-rich hemp extract (L-M0717, CBDrx/Functional Remedies, 20.0 mg/kg). After 7 days, rats were exposed to a well-established acute model of stress (100, 1.5 mA, 5-s, intermittent tail shocks, 90 min total duration) or remained in home cages as non-stressed controls. Results: Stressor exposure induced a robust stress response, i.e., increased plasma corticosterone and blood glucose, and decreased spleen weight (a surrogate measure of sympathetic nervous system activation). Overall, stress-induced increases in inflammatory and stress proteins were lower in females than males, and oral CBD-rich hemp extract constrained these responses in adipose tissue (AT) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Consistent with previous reports, females had higher levels of stress-evoked corticosterone compared to males, which may have contributed to the constrained inflammatory response measured in females. Discussion: Results from this study suggest that features of the acute stress response are impacted by oral ingestion of CBD-rich hemp extract in female and male rats, and the pattern of changes may be sex and tissue dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Hopkins
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Tel Kelley
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Rachel Roller
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Robert S. Thompson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | | | - Kris Chupka
- Next Frontier Biosciences, Westminster, CO, United States
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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Chen ZJ, Su CW, Xiong S, Li T, Liang HY, Lin YH, Chang L, Wu HY, Li F, Zhu DY, Luo CX. Enhanced AMPAR-dependent synaptic transmission by S-nitrosylation in the vmPFC contributes to chronic inflammatory pain-induced persistent anxiety in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:954-968. [PMID: 36460834 PMCID: PMC10104852 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain patients often have anxiety disorders, and some of them suffer from anxiety even after analgesic administration. In this study, we investigated the role of AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in chronic pain-induced persistent anxiety in mice and explored potential drug targets. Chronic inflammatory pain was induced in mice by bilateral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the planta of the hind paws; anxiety-like behaviours were assessed with behavioural tests; S-nitrosylation and AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission were examined using biochemical assays and electrophysiological recordings, respectively. We found that CFA induced persistent upregulation of AMPAR membrane expression and function in the vmPFC of anxious mice but not in the vmPFC of non-anxious mice. The anxious mice exhibited higher S-nitrosylation of stargazin (an AMPAR-interacting protein) in the vmPFC. Inhibition of S-nitrosylation by bilaterally infusing an exogenous stargazin (C302S) mutant into the vmPFC rescued the surface expression of GluA1 and AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission as well as the anxiety-like behaviours in CFA-injected mice, even after ibuprofen treatment. Moreover, administration of ZL006, a small molecular inhibitor disrupting the interaction of nNOS and PSD-95 (20 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 5 days, i.p.), significantly reduced nitric oxide production and S-nitrosylation of AMPAR-interacting proteins in the vmPFC, resulting in anxiolytic-like effects in anxious mice after ibuprofen treatment. We conclude that S-nitrosylation is necessary for AMPAR trafficking and function in the vmPFC under chronic inflammatory pain-induced persistent anxiety conditions, and nNOS-PSD-95 inhibitors could be potential anxiolytics specific for chronic inflammatory pain-induced persistent anxiety after analgesic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chun-Wan Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shuai Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hai-Ying Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, China
| | - Yu-Hui Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Schoss K, Kočevar Glavač N, Kreft S. Volatile Compounds in Norway Spruce ( Picea abies) Significantly Vary with Season. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:188. [PMID: 36616317 PMCID: PMC9824094 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies) is one of the most important commercial conifer species naturally distributed in Europe. In this paper, the composition and abundance of essential oil and hydrosol from the needles and branches of P. abies were investigated with an additional evaluation of changes related to different times of the year, annual shoots and branches, and differences in composition under different microenvironments. Essential oils and hydrosols obtained via hydrodistillation were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), where 246 compounds in essential oil and 53 in hydrosols were identified. The relative amounts of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes in essential oil changed significantly during the year, with the highest peak of monoterpenes observed in April (72%), the highest abundance of sesquiterpenes observed in August (21%), and the highest abundance of diterpenes observed in June (27%). The individual compound with the highest variation was manool, with variation from 1.5% (April) to 18.7% (June). Our results also indicate that the essential oil with the lowest allergenic potential (lowest quantity of limonene and linalool) was obtained in late spring or summer. Location had no significant influence on composition, while the method of collection for distillation (whole branch or annual shoots) had a minor influence on the composition. All nine main compounds identified in the hydrosol samples were oxygenated monoterpenes. The composition of P. abies hydrosol was also significantly affected by season. The method of preparing the branches for distillation did not affect the composition of P. abies hydrosol, while the location had a minor effect on composition.
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Liu Y, May BH, Hyde AJ, He Y, Guo X, Zhang AL, Lu C, Xue CC, Zhang H. Topical Traditional Chinese Medicines for Cancer Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Integr Cancer Ther 2023; 22:15347354231210870. [PMID: 37962002 PMCID: PMC10647965 DOI: 10.1177/15347354231210870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Safe and effective management of cancer-related pain is a worldwide challenge. In the search for treatment options, natural products used in Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have received attention in clinical studies for their effects on cancer-related pain. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the clinical evidence for topically applied CHMs as adjunctive treatments for cancer pain management. METHODS Nine biomedical databases and 4 clinical trial registries were searched for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) that reported measures of pain and/or quality of life. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Meta-analysis employed mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (random effects). RESULTS Twenty (20) RCTs (1636 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were grouped based on the comparisons and outcome measures. For pain intensity, there was a greater reduction in the topical CHM group versus placebo (MD -0.72 [-1.04, -0.40]), no difference when compared to tramadol (MD -0.15 [-0.38, 0.08]), and a greater reduction when topical CHMs were combined with conventional analgesic medications (MD -0.67 [-0.93, -0.40]). Analgesic onset time was reduced in the CHM group compared to tramadol (MD -26.02 [-27.57, -24.47] minutes), and for CHMs combined with conventional medications (MD -19.17 [-21.83, -16.52] minutes). When CHMs were combined with analgesic medications, improvements were found for duration of analgesia (MD 1.65 [0.78, 2.51] hours), analgesic maintenance dose (MD -31.72 [-50.43, -13.01] milligrams/day), and quality of life. CONCLUSION Addition of topical CHMs to conventional analgesic medications was associated with improved outcomes for pain intensity, some other pain-related outcomes, and measures of quality of life. Limitations included methodological issues in some studies and considerable heterogeneity in some pooled results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Brian H. May
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna J. Hyde
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Yihan He
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charlie Changli Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Chacon FT, Raup-Konsavage WM, Vrana KE, Kellogg JJ. Secondary Terpenes in Cannabis sativa L.: Synthesis and Synergy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123142. [PMID: 36551898 PMCID: PMC9775512 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is a complex biosynthetic plant, with a long history of medicinal use. While cannabinoids have received the majority of the attention for their psychoactive and pharmacological activities, cannabis produces a diverse array of phytochemicals, such as terpenes. These compounds are known to play a role in the aroma and flavor of cannabis but are potent biologically active molecules that exert effects on infectious as well as chronic diseases. Furthermore, terpenes have the potential to play important roles, such as synergistic and/or entourage compounds that modulate the activity of the cannabinoids. This review highlights the diversity and bioactivities of terpenes in cannabis, especially minor or secondary terpenes that are less concentrated in cannabis on a by-mass basis. We also explore the question of the entourage effect in cannabis, which studies to date have supported or refuted the concept of synergy in cannabis, and where synergy experimentation is headed, to better understand the interplay between phytochemicals within Cannabis sativa L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco T. Chacon
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Kent E. Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Joshua J. Kellogg
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-865-2887
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Wu X, Yu J, Tan B, Chen Z. Research progress on mechanism of Chinese Kaiqiao herbs in management of neuropathic pain. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:523-533. [PMID: 36581573 PMCID: PMC10264986 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese herbal medicine for Kaiqiao, such as borneol, musk, grassleaf sweetflag rhizome, storax and camphor, have been prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years and now are widely used for neuropathic pain, the main components of which are annular compounds. Studies have shown that their analgesic mechanisms include regulating the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid, N-methyl- D-aspartic acid and other receptors; regulating ion channel function; inhibiting inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis; regulating neurotransmission and neuronal excitability; and participating in neuroprotection and neurological repair. It is suggested that the mechanisms of action of Kaiqiao herbs in central nervous system analgesia should be further explored; high-quality rapid screening of drug targets may be used, and the targeted agents using the characteristics of Kaiqiao herbs would be developed. This article reviews the research progress on the effect mechanism of traditional Kaiqiao herbs in the treatment of neuropathic pain to provide further research directions.
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Liao W, Li Y, Wang J, Zhao M, Chen N, Zheng Q, Wan L, Mou Y, Tang J, Wang Z. Natural Products-Based Nanoformulations: A New Approach Targeting CSCs to Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4163-4193. [PMID: 36134202 PMCID: PMC9482958 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s380697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) lead to the occurrence and progression of cancer due to their strong tumorigenic, self-renewal, and multidirectional differentiation abilities. Existing cancer treatment methods cannot effectively kill or inhibit CSCs but instead enrich them and produce stronger proliferation, invasion, and metastasis capabilities, resulting in cancer recurrence and treatment resistance, which has become a difficult problem in clinical treatment. Therefore, targeting CSCs may be the most promising approach for comprehensive cancer therapy in the future. A variety of natural products (NP) have significant antitumor effects and have been identified to target and inhibit CSCs. However, pharmacokinetic defects and off-target effects have greatly hindered their clinical translation. NP-based nanoformulations (NPNs) have tremendous potential to overcome the disadvantages of NP against CSCs through site-specific delivery and by improving their pharmacokinetic parameters. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of NPNs targeting CSCs in cancer therapy, looking forward to transforming preclinical research results into clinical applications and bringing new prospects for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Chung G, Kim SK. Therapeutics for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Approaches with Natural Compounds from Traditional Eastern Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071407. [PMID: 35890302 PMCID: PMC9319448 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) often develops in patients with cancer treated with commonly used anti-cancer drugs. The symptoms of CIPN can occur acutely during chemotherapy or emerge after cessation, and often accompany long-lasting intractable pain. This adverse side effect not only affects the quality of life but also limits the use of chemotherapy, leading to a reduction in the survival rate of patients with cancer. Currently, effective treatments for CIPN are limited, and various interventions are being applied by clinicians and patients because of the unmet clinical need. Potential approaches to ameliorate CIPN include traditional Eastern medicine-based methods. Medicinal substances from traditional Eastern medicine have well-established analgesic effects and are generally safe. Furthermore, many substances can also improve other comorbid symptoms in patients. This article aims to provide information regarding traditional Eastern medicine-based plant extracts and natural compounds for CIPN. In this regard, we briefly summarized the development, mechanisms, and changes in the nervous system related to CIPN, and reviewed the substances of traditional Eastern medicine that have been exploited to treat CIPN in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geehoon Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence:
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11
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Rodriguez CEB, Ouyang L, Kandasamy R. Antinociceptive effects of minor cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids in Cannabis. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:130-157. [PMID: 33709984 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties. Given the dangerous and unpleasant side effects of existing analgesics, the chemical constituents of Cannabis have garnered significant interest for their antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. To date, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) remain the two most widely studied constituents of Cannabis in animals. These studies have led to formulations of THC and CBD for human use; however, chronic pain patients also use different strains of Cannabis (sativa, indica and ruderalis) to alleviate their pain. These strains contain major cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD, but they also contain a wide variety of cannabinoid and noncannabinoid constituents. Although the analgesic effects of Cannabis are attributed to major cannabinoids, evidence indicates other constituents such as minor cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids also produce antinociception against animal models of acute, inflammatory, neuropathic, muscle and orofacial pain. In some cases, these constituents produce antinociception that is equivalent or greater compared to that produced by traditional analgesics. Thus, a better understanding of the extent to which these constituents produce antinociception alone in animals is necessary. The purposes of this review are to (1) introduce the different minor cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids found in Cannabis and (2) discuss evidence of their antinociceptive properties in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Erwin B Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California, USA
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12
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Intrathecally administered pizotifen alleviates neuropathic and inflammatory pain in mice by enhancing GABAergic inhibition. Neurosci Lett 2022; 775:136545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Gadotti VM, Huang S, Zamponi GW. The terpenes camphene and alpha-bisabolol inhibit inflammatory and neuropathic pain via Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels. Mol Brain 2021; 14:166. [PMID: 34775970 PMCID: PMC8591808 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are known molecular targets of certain phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids. Here we explored the modulation of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels by terpenes derived from cannabis plants. A screen of eight commercially available terpenes revealed that camphene and alpha-bisabolol mediated partial, but significant inhibition of Cav3.2 channels expressed in tsA-201 cells, as well as native T-type channels in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. Both compounds inhibited peak current amplitude with IC50s in the low micromolar range, and mediated an additional small hyperpolarizing shift in half-inactivation voltage. When delivered intrathecally, both terpenes inhibited nocifensive responses in mice that had received an intraplantar injection of formalin, with alpha-bisabolol showing greater efficacy. Both terpenes reduced thermal hyperalgesia in mice injected with Complete Freund's adjuvant. This effect was independent of sex, and absent in Cav3.2 null mice, indicating that these compounds mediate their analgesic properties by acting on Cav3.2 channels. Both compounds also inhibited mechanical hypersensitivity in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Hence, camphene and alpha-bisabolol have a wide spectrum of analgesic action by virtue of inhibiting Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius M Gadotti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sun Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Calgary, Canada.
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14
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Liu Y, He Y, Wang F, Xu R, Yang M, Ci Z, Wu Z, Zhang D, Lin J. From longevity grass to contemporary soft gold: Explore the chemical constituents, pharmacology, and toxicology of Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & vaniot essential oil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114404. [PMID: 34246739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot is known as the longevity grass in eastern countries for its warm effect to cure many cold diseases. It has been widely used in medicine, food, bathing, moxibustion, and fumigation for more than two thousand years. Nowadays it even becomes the cultural symbol of the Dragon Boat Festival. In traditional application, A. argyi is considered to be an important hemostatic drug and a common drug for gynecological diseases. In modern application, the Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot essential oil (AAEO) is regarded as the important medicinal substance of A. argyi, and has been made into many health products, forming a large-scale A. argyi industry. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to summarize the research status of AAEO and evaluate its application value. The manuscript focuses on the reported extraction methods, chemical components and influencing factors, pharmacological action, and toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the literature search, several databases, such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Elsevier, CNKI, and Wanfang, were searched for key words, including "Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot essential oil," "Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot," "cineole," "caryophyllene," "cyclamen," "borneol," and "camphor." RESULTS At present, more than 200 kinds of chemical components have been detected in AAEO, including terpenes, ketones (aldehydes), alcohols (phenols), acids (esters), alkanes (olefins) hydrocarbons, and so on. It has great anti-disease-resistant microorganism, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-cancer effects in clinical treatment and has good development potential and application prospects. CONCLUSION Present review provides an insight into chemical composition, extraction method, quality influencing factors, pharmacological action and toxicological action of AAEO. As an important traditional medicine herb, remarkable efficacy has been demonstrated in comprehensive literature reports, which has shown the great medicinal potential of this plant. However, the toxicity of AAEO cannot be ignored, the exact mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Zhimin Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
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15
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Xiao S, Yu H, Xie Y, Guo Y, Fan J, Yao W. Evaluation of the analgesic potential and safety of Cinnamomum camphora chvar. Borneol essential oil. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9860-9871. [PMID: 34699310 PMCID: PMC8810075 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum camphora chvar. Borneol essential oil (BEO, 18.2% v/v borneol) is a by-product of steam distillation to produce natural crystalline borneol (NCB, 98.4% v/v borneol). Given the known medicinal properties of borneol, the analgesic function and safety were studied. Horn’s method and the Draize test revealed a gender difference in mice regarding acute oral LD50, i.e., low-toxicity to female mice (2749 mg/kg), but practically nontoxic to male mice (5081 mg/kg). There was no acute and skin or eye irritation when BEO was applied directly, if the BEO concentration was less than 50%. The analgesic effect of BEO was evaluated by the glacial acetic acid-induced writhing pain model. Continuous topical application of BEO to the abdomen of mice for 6 d, significantly reduced observed writhing in mice (p < 0.001) with a strong dose-response relationship (r = −0.9006). Concomitantly, the levels of the serum pain-related mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) were significantly reduced (p < 0.001), and the latter showed a strong dose-response relationship (r = −0.9427). Therefore, BEO had similar analgesic functions to borneol and was demonstrated to be safe for medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiajia Fan
- Research and Development Department, Chunjingziran Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Chen N, Wen J, Wang Z, Wang J. Multiple regulation and targeting effects of borneol in the neurovascular unit in neurodegenerative diseases. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 130:5-19. [PMID: 34491621 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of brain-targeted drugs is highly important for the success of therapies in neurodegenerative diseases. Borneol has several biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and cell penetration enhancing effect, and can regulate processes in the neurovascular unit (NVU), such as protein toxic stress, autophagosome/lysosomal system, oxidative stress, programmed cell death and neuroinflammation. However, the influence of borneol on NVU in neurodegenerative diseases has not been fully explained. This study searched the keywords 'borneol', 'neurovascular unit', 'endothelial cell', 'astrocyte', 'neuron', 'blood-brain barrier', 'neurodegenerative diseases' and 'brain disease', in PubMed, BioMed Central, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Bing search engines to explore the influence of borneol on NVU. In addition to the principle and mechanism of penetration of borneol in the brain, this study also showed its multiple regulation effects on NVU. Borneol was able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), affecting the signal transmission between BBB and the microenvironment of the brain, down-regulating the expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress proteins in NVU, especially in microglia and astrocytes. In summary, borneol is a potential drug delivery agent for drugs against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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17
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Salama A, Mahmoud HAA, Kandeil MA, Khalaf MM. Neuroprotective role of camphor against ciprofloxacin induced depression in rats: modulation of Nrf-2 and TLR4. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:309-318. [PMID: 34032546 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1905658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression affects people feeling to be anxious, worried, and restless. They also lose interest in activities, concentrating and appetite, they finally may attempt suicide. Depression is the second chronic disease, as a source of the global burden of disease, after heart disease. Its prevalence elevated seven times during the COVID-19. AIM The current study was designed to evaluate camphor neuroprotective role against rats' ciprofloxacin-induced depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Depression was induced by administration of ciprofloxacin (50 mg/kg; orally) for 21 days. Wister albino male rats were divided into five groups. Group I (normal control): rats were given normal saline. Group II: rats received camphor (10 mg/kg; i.p.) for 21 days. Group III (depression control): rats received ciprofloxacin only. Groups IV and V: rats received camphor (5 and 10 mg/kg; i.p.) for 21 days concurrent with ciprofloxacin. Behavior tests as forced swimming test, activity cage, and rotarod were estimated. Oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) besides inflammatory biomarkers as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as well as neurotransmitters were determined. Finally, histopathological examination was done. RESULTS Camphor increased catalase and Nrf-2 activities, decreased NO, MDA, TNF-α, TLR4 serum levels, and elevating brain contents of serotonin, dopamine, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and P190-RHO GTP protein with normal neuronal cells of the frontal cortex. CONCLUSION Camphor has neuroprotective effect via modulation of Nrf-2 and TLR4 against ciprofloxacin-induced depression in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Ahmed Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mahmoud Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Borneol in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases: Pharmacological actions, mechanisms, and therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105627. [PMID: 33892091 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the coming acceleration of global population aging, the incidence rate of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing. It has become the leading cause of human mortality. As a natural drug, borneol (BO) not only has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-coagulant activities and improves energy metabolism but can also promote drugs to enter the target organs or tissues through various physiological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), mucous membrane, skin. Thus, it has a significant therapeutic effect on various CVDs, which has been confirmed in a large number of studies. However, the pharmacological actions and mechanisms of BO on CVDs have not been fully investigated. Hence, this review summarizes the pharmacological actions and possible mechanisms of BO, which provides novel ideas for the treatment of CVDs.
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19
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Li J, Zhang L, Xu C, Shen YY, Lin YH, Zhang Y, Wu HY, Chang L, Zhang YD, Chen R, Zhang ZP, Luo CX, Li F, Zhu DY. A pain killer without analgesic tolerance designed by co-targeting PSD-95-nNOS interaction and α2-containning GABA ARs. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5970-5985. [PMID: 33897893 PMCID: PMC8058733 DOI: 10.7150/thno.58364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in the spinal cord dorsal horn (SDH) in the setting of injury represents a key mechanism of neuropathic pain. However, directly blocking NMDAR or its downstream signaling, interaction between postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), causes analgesic tolerance, mainly due to GABAergic disinhibition. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of preventing analgesic tolerance through co-targeting NMDAR downstream signaling and γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs). Methods: Mechanical/thermal hyperalgesia were quantified to assess analgesic effects. Miniature postsynaptic currents were tested by patch-clamp recording to evaluate synaptic transmission in the SDH. GABA-evoked currents were tested on HEK293 cells expressing different subtypes of recombinant GABAARs to assess the selectivity of (+)-borneol and ZL006-05. The expression of α2 and α3 subunits of GABAARs and BDNF, and nNOS-PSD-95 complex levels were analyzed by western blotting and coimmunoprecipitation respectively. Open field test, rotarod test and Morris water maze task were conducted to evaluate the side-effect of ZL006-05. Results: (+)-Borneol selectively potentiated α2- and α3-containing GABAARs and prevented the disinhibition of laminae I excitatory neurons in the SDH and analgesic tolerance caused by chronic use of ZL006, a nNOS-PSD-95 blocker. A dual-target compound ZL006-05 produced by linking ZL006 and (+)-borneol through an ester bond blocked nNOS-PSD-95 interaction and potentiated α2-containing GABAAR selectively. Chronic use of ZL006-05 did not produce analgesic tolerance and unwanted side effects. Conclusion: By targeting nNOS-PSD-95 interaction and α2-containing GABAAR simultaneously, chronic use of ZL006-05 can avoid analgesic tolerance and unwanted side effects. Therefore, we offer a novel candidate drug without analgesic tolerance for treating neuropathic pain.
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Bansod S, Chilvery S, Saifi MA, Das TJ, Tag H, Godugu C. Borneol protects against cerulein-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in acute pancreatitis mice model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:530-539. [PMID: 33166053 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Borneol is a commonly used flavouring substance in traditional Chinese medicine, which possesses several pharmacological activities including analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of borneol on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) model. Swiss albino mice were pretreated with borneol (100 and 300 mg/kg) daily for 7 days, before six consecutive injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg/hr, intraperitoneally). The protective effect of borneol was studied by biochemical, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, histological, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. Oral administration of borneol significantly attenuated pancreatic damage by reducing amylase, lipase levels and histological changes. Borneol attenuated cerulein-induced oxidative-nitrosative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde, nitrite levels, and elevating reduced glutathione levels. Pancreatic inflammation was ameliorated by inhibiting myeloperoxidase activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine (Interleukins and TNF-α) levels. Furthermore, borneol administration significantly increased nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1) expression and reduced phospho-NF-κB p65 expression. Treatment with borneol significantly inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in cerulein-induced AP mouse model. Together, these results indicate that borneol which is currently used as US-FDA approved food adjuvant has the potential to attenuate cerulein-induced AP possibly by reducing the oxidative damage and pancreatic inflammation by modulating Nrf2/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Bansod
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shrilekha Chilvery
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tridip Jyoti Das
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Ron Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Hui Tag
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Ron Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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21
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Xiao S, Yu H, Xie Y, Guo Y, Fan J, Yao W. The anti-inflammatory potential of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl essential oil in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113516. [PMID: 33141054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Borneol was widely used in traditional Chinese medicine formulas due to its pharmacological activities, e.g. sedative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ischemic properties. Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl essential oil (BEO) is a by-product of natural crystalline borneol (NCB) production obtained by steam distillation of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl leaves, and borneol was the main component of BEO. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of BEO and its corresponding mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human erythrocyte membrane stability assay and the acute inflammation murine model (xylene-induced ear edema) were chosen to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of BEO. Expression of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The functional compounds in the BEO were identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The steady-state transdermal diffusion rates of BEO and BEO nano-emulsion with were also determined in this study. Cytotoxicity of BEO was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. RESULTS The BEO showed a high human erythrocyte membrane stabilization by inhibiting heat-induced hemolysis (IC50 = 5.29 mg/mL) and hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis (IC50 = 0.26 mg/mL) in vitro. The BEO was topically applied to mice auricles, both single and repeated administration significantly reduced xylene-induced auricle swelling (p < 0.0001). Expression of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in serum and tissue was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05), so as to the mRNA expression of IL-1β (p<0.05) and TNF-α (p < 0.001). A total of 43 components were identified and quantified by GC-MS. The most abundant was borneol [178.3 mg/mL, 20.9% (m/v)], followed by β-caryophyllene (116.3 mg/mL), camphor (115.2 mg/mL), and limonene (89.4 mg/mL). For determining the skin permeability of BEO, the steady-state transdermal diffusion rates of BEO and BEO nano-emulsion were determined to be 6.7 and 8.9 mg/cm2·h, respectively. CONCLUSION It is suspected that the anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro were derived from the above-mentioned components in the BEO. These findings will facilitate the development of BEO as a new and natural therapeutic agent for inflammatory skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Jiajia Fan
- Chunjingziran Biotechnology Co. Ltd, No.15 Beichen Business Building, Jiefang Avenue, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
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Yuan R, Zhang D, Yang J, Wu Z, Luo C, Han L, Yang F, Lin J, Yang M. Review of aromatherapy essential oils and their mechanism of action against migraines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113326. [PMID: 32877718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Migraines have become a major threat to human health, as they significantly affect human health and quality of life due to a high prevalence rate, attack rate and pain intensity. Aromatherapy, with its comfortable and pleasant natural characteristics and rapid and efficient characteristics, is widely favored by patients in the folk. Chinese folk also have the application history and related records of aromatic plants in the treatment of migraine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to review the pathogenesis of migraine, the application of plant essential oils in the treatment of migraine, and further explore the material basis and mechanism of action of plant essential oils against migraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Search the electronic literature of essential oils with anti-migraine effect in Google Scholar, PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and further search the research situation of the monomer components of essential oils in migraine, inflammation, pain and other aspects. RESULTS studies show that there are 10 types of plant essential oils that could relieve migraine symptoms, and that 16 monomers may play a role in migraine treatment by effectively inhibiting neurogenic inflammation, hyperalgesia and balancing vasorelaxation. CONCLUSION Aromatic plant essential oils can relieve migraine effectively, these findings can be used as an important part of the development of anti-migraine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Yuan
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- Sichuan Baicao Jinggong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Fangli Yang
- Sinopharm Sichuan Orthopedic Tehnology & Equipment Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
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23
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Pina LTS, Guimarães AG, Santos WBDR, Oliveira MA, Rabelo TK, Serafini MR. Monoterpenes as a perspective for the treatment of seizures: A Systematic Review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:153422. [PMID: 33310306 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy affects more than 65 million people worldwide. Treatment for epileptic seizures is ineffective and has many adverse effects. For this reason, the search for new therapeutic options capable of filling these limitations is necessary. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE In this sense, natural products, such as monoterpenes, have been indicated as a new option to control neurological disorders such as epilepsy. STUDY DESIGN Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the monoterpenes that have anticonvulsive activity in animal models. METHODS The searches were performed in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases in September, 2020 and compiled studies using monoterpenes as an alternative to seizure. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction and methodological quality assessment using the Syrcle tool. RESULTS 51 articles that described the anticonvulsant activity of 35 monoterpenes were selected with action on the main pharmacological target, including GABAA receptors, glutamate, calcium channels, sodium and potassium. In addition, these compounds are capable of reducing neuronal inflammation and oxidative stress caused by seizure. CONCLUSION These compounds stand out as a promising alternative for acting through different pharmacological mechanisms, which may not only reduce seizure, but also promote neuroprotective effect by reducing toxicity in brain regions. However, further studies are needed to determine the mechanism of action and safety assessment of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lícia T S Pina
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Adriana G Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Wagner B da R Santos
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marlange A Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Thallita K Rabelo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mairim R Serafini
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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24
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Nguyen PTT, Jang SH, Rijal S, Park SJ, Han SK. Inhibitory actions of borneol on the substantia gelatinosa neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis in mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:433-440. [PMID: 32830150 PMCID: PMC7445480 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.5.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) is the first relay site for the orofacial nociceptive inputs via the thin myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C primary afferent fibers. Borneol, one of the valuable timehonored herbal ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, is a popular treatment for anxiety, anesthesia, and antinociception. However, to date, little is known as to how borneol acts on the SG neurons of the Vc. To close this gap, the whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied to elucidate the antinociceptive mechanism responding for the actions of borneol on the SG neurons of the Vc in mice. In the voltage-clamp mode, holding at -60 mV, the borneol-induced non-desensitizing inward currents were not affected by tetrodotoxin, a voltage-gated Na+ channel blocker, 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione, a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist and DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, an NMDA receptor antagonist. However, borneol-induced inward currents were partially decreased in the presence of picrotoxin, a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor antagonist, or strychnine, a glycine receptor antagonist, and was almost suppressed in the presence of picrotoxin and strychnine. Though borneol did not show any effect on the glycine-induced inward currents, borneol enhanced GABA-mediated responses. Beside, borneol enhanced the GABA-induced hyperpolarization under the current-clamp mode. Altogether, we suggest that borneol contributes in part toward mediating the inhibitory GABA and glycine transmission on the SG neurons of the Vc and may serve as an herbal therapeutic for orofacial pain ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Thi Nguyen
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.,Faculty of Odonto- Stomatology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 53000, Vietnam
| | - Seon Hui Jang
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Santosh Rijal
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Soo Joung Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) has become a serious global health issue and a huge clinical challenge without available effective treatment. P2 receptors family is involved in pain transmission and represents a promising target for pharmacological intervention. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) contains multiple components which are effective in targeting different pathological mechanisms involved in NP. Different from traditional analgesics, which target a single pathway, TCMs take the advantage of multiple components and multiple targets, and can significantly improve the efficacy of treatment and contribute to the prediction of the risks of NP. Compounds of TCM acting at nucleotide P2 receptors in neurons and glial cells could be considered as a potential research direction for moderating neuropathic pain. This review summarized the recently published data and highlighted several TCMs that relieved NP by acting at P2 receptors.
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26
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nNOS-expressing neurons in the vmPFC transform pPVT-derived chronic pain signals into anxiety behaviors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2501. [PMID: 32427844 PMCID: PMC7237711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is common in patients suffering from chronic pain. Here, we report anxiety-like behaviors in mouse models of chronic pain and reveal that nNOS-expressing neurons in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are essential for pain-induced anxiety but not algesia, using optogenetic and chemogenetic strategies. Additionally, we determined that excitatory projections from the posterior subregion of paraventricular thalamic nucleus (pPVT) provide a neuronal input that drives the activation of vmPFC nNOS-expressing neurons in our chronic pain models. Our results suggest that the pain signal becomes an anxiety signal after activation of vmPFC nNOS-expressing neurons, which causes subsequent release of nitric oxide (NO). Finally, we show that the downstream molecular mechanisms of NO likely involve enhanced glutamate transmission in vmPFC CaMKIIα-expressing neurons through S-nitrosylation-induced AMPAR trafficking. Overall, our data suggest that pPVT excitatory neurons drive chronic pain-induced anxiety through activation of vmPFC nNOS-expressing neurons, resulting in NO-mediated AMPAR trafficking in vmPFC pyramidal neurons. Chronic pain usually induces anxiety. Here, the authors report that vmPFC nNOS-expressing neurons are activated by excitatory inputs from pPVT during chronic pain and subsequently induce anxiety-like behaviors in mice through promoting AMPAR trafficking.
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27
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da Fonsêca DV, da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho C, Lima TC, de Almeida RN, de Sousa DP. Anticonvulsant Essential Oils and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E835. [PMID: 31817682 PMCID: PMC6995584 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a most disabling neurological disorder affecting all age groups. Among the various mechanisms that may result in epilepsy, neuronal hyperexcitability and oxidative injury produced by an excessive formation of free radicals may play a role in the development of this pathology. Therefore, new treatment approaches are needed to address resistant conditions that do not respond fully to current antiepileptic drugs. This paper reviews studies on the anticonvulsant activities of essential oils and their chemical constituents. Data from studies published from January 2011 to December 2018 was selected from the PubMed database for examination. The bioactivity of 19 essential oils and 16 constituents is described. Apiaceae and Lamiaceae were the most promising botanical families due to the largest number of reports about plant species from these families that produce anticonvulsant essential oils. Among the evaluated compounds, β-caryophyllene, borneol, eugenol and nerolidol were the constituents that presented antioxidant properties related to anticonvulsant action. These data show the potential of these natural products as health promoting agents and use against various types of seizure disorders. Their properties on oxidative stress may contribute to the control of this neurological condition. However, further studies on the toxicological profile and mechanism of action of essential oils are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Vilar da Fonsêca
- College of Medicine, Federal University of the Vale do São Francisco, Paulo Afonso, BA, CEP 48607-190, Brazil;
| | | | - Tamires Cardoso Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, CEP 49100-000, Brazil;
| | - Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, CEP 58051-970, Brazil;
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, CEP 58051-970, Brazil;
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Baron EP. Medicinal Properties of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids in Cannabis, and Benefits in Migraine, Headache, and Pain: An Update on Current Evidence and Cannabis Science. Headache 2019; 58:1139-1186. [PMID: 30152161 DOI: 10.1111/head.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive literature reviews of historical perspectives and evidence supporting cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of pain, including migraine and headache, with associated neurobiological mechanisms of pain modulation have been well described. Most of the existing literature reports on the cannabinoids Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), or cannabis in general. There are many cannabis strains that vary widely in the composition of cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other compounds. These components work synergistically to produce wide variations in benefits, side effects, and strain characteristics. Knowledge of the individual medicinal properties of the cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids is necessary to cross-breed strains to obtain optimal standardized synergistic compositions. This will enable targeting individual symptoms and/or diseases, including migraine, headache, and pain. OBJECTIVE Review the medical literature for the use of cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of migraine, headache, facial pain, and other chronic pain syndromes, and for supporting evidence of a potential role in combatting the opioid epidemic. Review the medical literature involving major and minor cannabinoids, primary and secondary terpenes, and flavonoids that underlie the synergistic entourage effects of cannabis. Summarize the individual medicinal benefits of these substances, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence for various therapeutic benefits of cannabis/cannabinoids, especially in the treatment of pain, which may also apply to the treatment of migraine and headache. There is also supporting evidence that cannabis may assist in opioid detoxification and weaning, thus making it a potential weapon in battling the opioid epidemic. Cannabis science is a rapidly evolving medical sector and industry with increasingly regulated production standards. Further research is anticipated to optimize breeding of strain-specific synergistic ratios of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other phytochemicals for predictable user effects, characteristics, and improved symptom and disease-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Baron
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurological Restoration - Headache and Chronic Pain Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Zhang Y, Zhang N, Song H, Li H, Wen J, Tan X, Zheng W. Design, characterization and comparison of transdermal delivery of colchicine via borneol-chemically-modified and borneol-physically-modified ethosome. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:70-77. [PMID: 30744424 PMCID: PMC6374970 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1559258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a kind of joint disease characterized by the accumulation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joint and its surrounding tissue, causing persistent hyperuricemia. Colchicine is the first choice of treatment for acute gout attacks. Due to strong toxicity of colchicines oral tablets, there are high fluctuations of blood drug concentration and serious irritation of gastrointestinal tract, and hence a transdermal preparation can help to slow down the blood drug concentration, reduce the frequency of drug taking, and improve the patients' compliance of the drug. The ethosome is a lipid carrier with high concentration of ethanol and has been proved to promote the penetration of drugs into the skin. Borneol (BO) is an excellent penetration enhancer in Chinese medicine, which can promote the entry of drugs into the skin. This paper prepared the borneol-physically-modified colchicine ethosome (COL-bpES) and used the prepared borneol-dioleoyl phosphoethanloamine (BO-DOPE) to prepare borneol-chemically-modified colchicine ethosome (COL-bcES). Compared to the free colchicine aqueous solution (free COL) and normal colchicine ethosome (COL-ES), the borneol-modified colchicine ethosome (COL-bES) demonstrated better drug penetration effect, while the particle size of the COL-bcES was lower than that of the COL-bpES. Toxicity, in vitro diffusion, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are superior to those of COL-bpES, providing a better delivery system for the treatment of small molecule inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Nan Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Hui Song
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - He Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Jin Wen
- b Chinese Pharmaceutical Association , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaochuan Tan
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Wensheng Zheng
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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Lee C, Kim SY, Eum S, Paik JH, Bach TT, Darshetkar AM, Choudhary RK, Hai DV, Quang BH, Thanh NT, Choi S. Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by local Van Kieu ethnic people of Bac Huong Hoa nature reserve, Vietnam. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:283-294. [PMID: 30412749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The ethnobotanical survey was carried out in the Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve (BHHNR), Vietnam. The Van Kieu ethnic group, the inhabitant of Nature Reserve, is rich in knowledge about the medicinal plants found in the Nature Reserve. However, their knowledge is less documented. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was conducted to document the use of medicinal plants, plant parts used, mode of preparation and delivery by the ethnic group of Van Kieu. The study also aimed at comparing the information generated by this study with the previously published Dictionary of Vietnam Medicinal plants (DVM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The information was collected through semi-structured and unstructured interviews. The interviews were conducted from April 2016 to March 2017. The number of informants involved in the survey was 93 belonging to age group of 20-81. Species Use-Reports (UR) were analyzed to determine the plant importance in the local and the Informant Consensus Factor (FIC). Local plant uses were listed and compared with the previously published data from Vietnam. RESULTS Comprehensively 355 Use-Reports were documented in this study. A total of 111 medicinal plant species belonging to 102 genera and 46 families were reported. Out of 46 families, Euphorbiaceae (10 species), Compositae and Leguminosae (9 species each), Apocynaceae (7 species), Rutaceae and Rubiaceae (5 species each) were the dominant families. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part (43.1%) in the preparation of medicines. The most frequent preparation method was decoction (49%) while the oral route of administration (51%) was the most commonly mentioned mode of administration. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC., Psidium guajava L. and Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. were shown to be the most useful plants as indicated by their relatively high UR. Eight medicinal plants (7.21%) used by Van Kieu ethnic people have not been previously reported in DVM. CONCLUSION The Van Kieu ethnic group holds valuable knowledge about uses of medicinal plant resources which is inherited through generations however this knowledge was not documented. The study highlights the need for documenting and publicizing the traditional medicinal knowledge which will provide basic data for further research and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyoung Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Botany, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Soo-Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmi Eum
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyub Paik
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran The Bach
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cay Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Do Van Hai
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cay Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Hong Quang
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cay Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Trung Thanh
- Department of Botany, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Ren J, Hu CL, Zhang ZP, Chen R, Yang SB, Miao ZY, Sun LN, Wang YQ. Development and validation an LC-MS/MS method to quantify (+)-borneol in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1109:121-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Duan W, Wang L, Lv J, Gao K, Lu Y, Qin S, Ma X, Li J, Ge X. Metabolomics Study on the Effects of Salvianolic Acid B and Borneol for Treating Cerebral Ischemia in Rats by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 22:313-324. [PMID: 30411995 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salviae miltiorrliza-borneol Jun-Shi coupled-herbs have been widely used for treatment of ischemia stroke. Salvianolic acid B was the most abundant and bioactive compound of Salviae miltiorrliza and used for prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the scientific intension and compatible mechanism of Salvianolic acid B - borneol combination were still unknown. A metabolomics study approach based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) combined with a pathological study has been applied to study the metabolic disturbances of cerebral ischemia and evaluate the efficacies of Sal B and Sal B/borneol against cerebral ischemia in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. The neuroprotection of Sal B and Sal B/borneol was reversed through the evaluation of neurological deficits, infarct volume, and neuronal apoptosis in MCAO model. The metabonomic analysis revealed that the MCAO-induced cerebral ischemia could be ameliorated by Sal B through improving the energy metabolism, lipids metabolism, inflammatory responses, and oxidant stress. Borneol could enhance the neuroprotective effects, was associated with the increased concentration of Sal B, and attenuate the function of sphingolipid metabolism pathway in cerebral ischemia rats. These findings perhaps clarify the mechanism of neuroprotective effects of treating ischemia stroke by Sal B or Sal B/borneol preliminarily through metabolomics and push the quality promotion and the composition of borneol/Sal B in secondary development of prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Duan
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- 2Department of Medical Laboratory, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianzhuang Lv
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Gao
- 3Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiqing Lu
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaobo Qin
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Ma
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Li
- 3Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingli Ge
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Nuutinen T. Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:198-228. [PMID: 30096653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabaceae plants Cannabis sativa L. and Humulus lupulus L. are rich in terpenes - both are typically comprised of terpenes as up to 3-5% of the dry-mass of the female inflorescence. Terpenes of cannabis and hops are typically simple mono- and sesquiterpenes derived from two and three isoprene units, respectively. Some terpenes are relatively well known for their potential in biomedicine and have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, while others are yet to be studied in detail. The current, comprehensive review presents terpenes found in cannabis and hops. Terpenes' medicinal properties are supported by numerous in vitro, animal and clinical trials and show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticancer, antitumor, neuroprotective, anti-mutagenic, anti-allergic, antibiotic and anti-diabetic attributes, among others. Because of the very low toxicity, these terpenes are already widely used as food additives and in cosmetic products. Thus, they have been proven safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarmo Nuutinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Univerisity of Eastern Finland (UEF), Finland; Department of Physics and Mathematics, UEF, Finland.
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Singh AK, Kumar S, Vinayak M. Recent development in antihyperalgesic effect of phytochemicals: anti-inflammatory and neuro-modulatory actions. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:633-654. [PMID: 29767332 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain is an unpleasant sensation triggered by noxious stimulation. It is one of the most prevalent conditions, limiting productivity and diminishing quality of life. Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used as pain relievers in present day practice as pain is mostly initiated due to inflammation. However, due to potentially serious side effects, long term use of these antihyperalgesic drugs raises concern. Therefore there is a demand to search novel medicines with least side effects. Herbal products have been used for centuries to reduce pain and inflammation, and phytochemicals are known to cause fewer side effects. However, identification of active phytochemicals of herbal medicines and clear understanding of the molecular mechanism of their action is needed for clinical acceptance. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we have briefly discussed the cellular and molecular changes during hyperalgesia via inflammatory mediators and neuro-modulatory action involved therein. The review includes 54 recently reported phytochemicals with antihyperalgesic action, as per the literature available with PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. CONCLUSION Compounds of high interest as potential antihyperalgesic agents are: curcumin, resveratrol, capsaicin, quercetin, eugenol, naringenin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Current knowledge about molecular targets of pain and their regulation by these phytochemicals is elaborated and the scope of further research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.,Department of Zoology, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Manjula Vinayak
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Wang ZJ, Heinbockel T. Essential Oils and Their Constituents Targeting the GABAergic System and Sodium Channels as Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:E1061. [PMID: 29724056 PMCID: PMC6099651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils and the constituents in them exhibit different pharmacological activities, such as antinociceptive, anxiolytic-like, and anticonvulsant effects. They are widely applied as a complementary therapy for people with anxiety, insomnia, convulsion, pain, and cognitive deficit symptoms through inhalation, oral administration, and aromatherapy. Recent studies show that essential oils are emerging as a promising source for modulation of the GABAergic system and sodium ion channels. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding the pharmacological properties of essential oils and compounds from the oils and the mechanisms underlying their effects. Specifically, the review focuses on the essential oils and their constituents targeting the GABAergic system and sodium channels, and their antinociceptive, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties. Some constituents target transient receptor potential (TRP) channels to exert analgesic effects. Some components could interact with multiple therapeutic target proteins, for example, inhibit the function of sodium channels and, at the same time, activate GABAA receptors. The review concentrates on perspective compounds that could be better candidates for new drug development in the control of pain and anxiety syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Str., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Str., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Wang S, Zhang D, Hu J, Jia Q, Xu W, Su D, Song H, Xu Z, Cui J, Zhou M, Yang J, Xiao J. A clinical and mechanistic study of topical borneol-induced analgesia. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:802-815. [PMID: 28396565 PMCID: PMC5452010 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bingpian is a time‐honored herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is an almost pure chemical with a chemical composition of (+)‐borneol and has been historically used as a topical analgesic for millennia. However, the clinical efficacy of topical borneol lacks stringent evidence‐based clinical studies and verifiable scientific mechanism. We examined the analgesic efficacy of topical borneol in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical study involving 122 patients with postoperative pain. Topical application of borneol led to significantly greater pain relief than placebo did. Using mouse models of pain, we identified the TRPM8 channel as a molecular target of borneol and showed that topical borneol‐induced analgesia was almost exclusively mediated by TRPM8, and involved a downstream glutamatergic mechanism in the spinal cord. Investigation of the actions of topical borneol and menthol revealed mechanistic differences between borneol‐ and menthol‐induced analgesia and indicated that borneol exhibits advantages over menthol as a topical analgesic. Our work demonstrates that borneol, which is currently approved by the US FDA to be used only as a flavoring substance or adjuvant in food, is an effective topical pain reliever in humans and reveals a key part of the molecular mechanism underlying its analgesic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hualing Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jianmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China .,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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37
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Analgesic-Like Activity of Essential Oil Constituents: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122392. [PMID: 29232831 PMCID: PMC5751100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The constituents of essential oils are widely found in foods and aromatic plants giving characteristic odor and flavor. However, pharmacological studies evidence its therapeutic potential for the treatment of several diseases and promising use as compounds with analgesic-like action. Considering that pain affects a significant part of the world population and the need for the development of new analgesics, this review reports on the current studies of essential oils’ chemical constituents with analgesic-like activity, including a description of their mechanisms of action and chemical aspects.
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38
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Chang L, Yin CY, Wu HY, Tian BB, Zhu Y, Luo CX, Zhu DY. (+)-Borneol is neuroprotective against permanent cerebral ischemia in rats by suppressing production of proinflammatory cytokines. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:306-314. [PMID: 28808202 PMCID: PMC5548991 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death globally. It occurs when a major artery is occluded in the brain and leads to death of cells within the injured tissue. (+)-Borneol, a simple bicyclic monoterpene extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used in various types of diseases. However, no study has proved the effects of (+)-borneol on functional recovery from permanent ischemic stroke and the mechanism is still unknown. Here, we report that in the rat model of permanent cerebral ischemia, we found that (+)-borneol (1.0 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated infarct size and neurological scoresvia reducing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in a dose dependent manner. Notably, (+)-borneol showed long-term effects on the improvement of sensorimotor functions in the photothrombotic model of stroke, which decreased the number of foot faults in the grid-walking task and forelimb asymmetry scores in the cylinder task, at least in part through reducing loss of dendritic spines in the length, brunch number and density. These findings suggest that (+)-borneol could serve as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chang
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chun-Yu Yin
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bin-Bin Tian
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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39
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Comparison of Chemical Profiles, Anti-Inflammatory Activity, and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Metabolomics in Endotoxic Fever Rats between Synthetic Borneol and Natural Borneol. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091446. [PMID: 28858264 PMCID: PMC6151575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural borneol (NB, called “Bingpian”) is an important traditional Chinese medicine to restore consciousness, remove heat and relieve pain, all of which are inflammation-related diseases. Recently, due to the limited source of NB, synthetic borneol (SB) is widely used as a substitute for NB in clinics. However, little is known about the effects of SB instead of NB. Herein, the aim of the present study was to compare NB and SB on chemical profiles by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis, anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) metabolomic approaches in endotoxic fever induced in rats. Results showed that, in total, 13 volatile components could be identified in NB and SB by GC-MS analysis, in which a significant difference between them still existed. The main constituents in SB were iso-borneol and borneol, while borneol contributes to 98.96% of the amount in NB. Additionally, both NB and SB exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory effects to reduce the level of inflammatory factors including NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, and lower the high body temperature in rats with endotoxic fever induced by LPS. Moreover, it seems that NB exhibited higher efficacy than SB. The unequal bioactive efficiency between NB and SB was also indicated by means of non-targeting metabolomics. Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology, 12 biomarkers in the serum of fever rats were identified. Pathway analysis revealed that the anti-fever effect of NB and SB was related to regulating the abnormal glycerophospholipid, linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid metabolism pathways in the fever model. Results indicated that there was still a great difference between NB and SB involving chemical constituents, anti-inflammation activity and the ability to regulate the abnormal metabolism pathways of the fever model. Certainly, further studies are warranted to better understand the replacement rationale in medicinal application.
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40
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Salakhutdinov NF, Volcho KP, Yarovaya OI. Monoterpenes as a renewable source of biologically active compounds. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMonoterpenes and their derivatives play an important role in the creation of new biologically active compounds including drugs. The review focuses on the data on various types of biological activity exhibited by monoterpenes and their derivatives, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-Parkinsonian, antiviral, and antibacterial (anti-tuberculosis) effects. Searching for novel potential drugs among monoterpene derivatives shows great promise for treating various pathologies. Special attention is paid to the effect of absolute configuration of monoterpenes and monoterpenoids on their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Avenue 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin P. Volcho
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Avenue 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga I. Yarovaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Avenue 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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41
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Valorisation of softwood bark through extraction of utilizable chemicals. A review. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:726-750. [PMID: 28739505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Softwood bark is an important source for producing chemicals and materials as well as bioenergy. Extraction is regarded as a key technology for obtaining chemicals in general, and valorizing bark as a source of such chemicals in particular. In this paper, properties of 237 compounds identified in various studies dealing with extraction of softwood bark were described. Finally, some challenges and perspectives on the production of chemicals from bark are discussed.
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42
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Siqueira-Lima PS, Brito RG, Araújo-Filho HG, Santos PL, Lucchesi A, Araújo AAS, Menezes PP, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM, Zengin G, Aktumsek A, Antoniolli AR, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS. Anti-hyperalgesic effect of Lippia grata leaf essential oil complexed with β-cyclodextrin in a chronic musculoskeletal pain animal model: Complemented with a molecular docking and antioxidant screening. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:739-747. [PMID: 28499245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its unclear pathophysiology, the pharmacological treatment of fibromyalgia is a challenge for researchers. Studies using medicinal plants, such as those from the genus Lippia, complexed with cyclodextrins (CDs) have shown innovative results. OBJECTIVE The present research intended to evaluate the effect of an inclusion complex containing β-cyclodextrin (βCD) inclusion complex with Lippia grata (LG) essential oil in a chronic musculoskeletal pain model, its central activity and its possible interaction with neurotransmitters involved in pain. METHODS After acid saline-induced chronic muscle pain, male mice were evaluated for primary and secondary hyperalgesia and muscle strength. Moreover, an antagonist assay was performed to assess the possible involvement of the opioidergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways. In addition, Fos protein in the spinal cord was assessed, and a docking study and antioxidant assays were performed. RESULTS The treatment with LG-βCD, especially in the dose of 24mg/kg, was able to significantly decrease (p<0.05) the paw withdrawal and muscle threshold. Furthermore, LG-βCD was shown to affect the opioidergic and serotonergic pathways. There were no significant changes in muscle strength. Fos protein immunofluorescence showed a significant decrease in expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The main compounds of LG showed through the docking study interaction energies with the alpha-adrenergic and μOpioid receptors. In all antioxidant assays, LG exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than LG-βCD. CONCLUSION This study suggested that LG-βCD could be considered as a valuable source for designing new drugs in the treatment of chronic pain, especially musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana S Siqueira-Lima
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Graduate Program of Biotechnology (PPGBiotec), The State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Renan G Brito
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Heitor G Araújo-Filho
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Priscila L Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Angélica Lucchesi
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology (PPGBiotec), The State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Adriano A S Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy (DFA), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Paula P Menezes
- Department of Pharmacy (DFA), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Graduate Program of Natural Product and Bioactive Synthetics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus T Scotti
- Graduate Program of Natural Product and Bioactive Synthetics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Irwin R A Menezes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Aktumsek
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Angelo R Antoniolli
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
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43
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Cho KS, Lim YR, Lee K, Lee J, Lee JH, Lee IS. Terpenes from Forests and Human Health. Toxicol Res 2017; 33:97-106. [PMID: 28443180 PMCID: PMC5402865 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2017.33.2.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest bathing has beneficial effects on human health via showering of forest aerosols as well as physical relaxation. Terpenes that consist of multiple isoprene units are the largest class of organic compounds produced by various plants, and one of the major components of forest aerosols. Traditionally, terpene-containing plant oil has been used to treat various diseases without knowing the exact functions or the mechanisms of action of the individual bioactive compounds. This review categorizes various terpenes easily obtained from forests according to their anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, or neuroprotective activities. Moreover, potential action mechanisms of the individual terpenes and their effects on such processes, which are described in various in vivo and in vitro systems, are discussed. In conclusion, the studies that show the biological effectiveness of terpenes support the benefits of forest bathing and propose a potential use of terpenes as chemotherapeutic agents for treating various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Center for Coupled Human and Natural Systems for Ecowelfare, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Center for Coupled Human and Natural Systems for Ecowelfare, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Center for Coupled Human and Natural Systems for Ecowelfare, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Im-Soon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Center for Coupled Human and Natural Systems for Ecowelfare, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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44
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Bendif H, Boudjeniba M, Miara MD, Biqiku L, Bramucci M, Lupidi G, Quassinti L, Vitali LA, Maggi F. Essential Oil of Thymus munbyanus subsp. coloratus from Algeria: Chemotypification and in vitro Biological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 27685426 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thymus munbyanus subsp. coloratus (Lamiaceae) is a small shrub endemic to Algeria and Morocco where is found in lawns, rockeries and mountainous regions. From a phytochemical point of view this taxon has never been characterized. In this work we have analysed the chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained from inflorescences and vegetative parts by GC/MS. A new chemotype, i.e. borneol-chemotype, was characterized for the first time in the species. Furthermore, we assessed the biological activities of essential oils, namely the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity on tumor cells that were evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, disc diffusion, and MTT methods, respectively. Biological assays highlighted a moderate inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans (inhibition zone diameter in the range 9 - 10 mm), and noteworthy cytotoxicity on A375 human melanoma cells (IC50 of 46.95 μg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Bendif
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Department of Natural Sciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Kouba, B.P N°92 Kouba 16308, Algiers, Algeria.,Natural and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf University, BP 166 M'sila 28000, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Messaoud Boudjeniba
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Department of Natural Sciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Kouba, B.P N°92 Kouba 16308, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Djamel Miara
- Natural and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf University, BP 166 M'sila 28000, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Loreta Biqiku
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Bramucci
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Luana Quassinti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca A Vitali
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino, Italy
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L-Tetrahydropalmatine alleviates mechanical hyperalgesia in models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain in mice. Neuroreport 2016; 27:476-80. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Effects of monoterpenes on ion channels of excitable cells. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 152:83-97. [PMID: 25956464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are a structurally diverse group of phytochemicals and a major constituent of plant-derived 'essential oils'. Monoterpenes such as menthol, carvacrol, and eugenol have been utilized for therapeutical purposes and food additives for centuries and have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic actions. In recent years there has been increasing interest in understanding the pharmacological actions of these molecules. There is evidence indicating that monoterpenes can modulate the functional properties of several types of voltage and ligand-gated ion channels, suggesting that some of their pharmacological actions may be mediated by modulations of ion channel function. In this report, we review the literature concerning the interaction of monoterpenes with various ion channels.
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