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Yu L, Zhang C, Gu L, Chen H, Huo Y, Wang S, Tao J, Xu C, Zhang Q, Ma M, Zhang J. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Tenuigenin Exhibit Neuroprotection Effects Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia Via Differential Regulation of JAK2/STAT3 and SOCS3 Signaling Interaction. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5584-5600. [PMID: 38214838 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Numerous natural bioactive compounds extracted from Chinese medicines have been proved to be promising and potent agents in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), separated from Carthamus tinctorius, has increasingly attracted attention for its broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, especially of its neuroprotective action. Our previous studies revealed that HSYA plays significant beneficial roles in a dose-dependent manner in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. However, treatment with higher doses of HSYA appeared to bring about adverse reactions in the rats. In present study, we adopted tenuigenin (TEN), extracted from the Polygala tenuifolia root, in combination with HSYA to optimize the therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke, and further explored the underlying mechanisms of action of the combination in vivo and in vitro. We firstly confirmed the pharmacological efficacies of co-treatment of HSYA and TEN in middle cerebral ischemia occlusion (MCAO) rats and observed the synergistic improvement of infarct volume, cerebral edema, and morphology of neuron cell body. Behavioral experiments indicated that combination of HSYA and TEN could synergistically improve motor and cognitive function in MCAO rats. We also observed increased viability and suppressed cell apoptosis after HSYA and TEN co-treatments in the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, JAK2/STAT3 and SOCS3 signaling interaction was demonstrated to be a critical responsor to the co-treatment of HSYA and TEN. In the subsequent experiments with silencing SOCS3 in OGD/R-exposed cells, we found that HSYA and TEN might suppress JAK2/STAT3 pathway through different regulatory mechanisms targeting SOCS3-negative feedback signaling. HSYA seemed to impose excessive activation of JAK2/STAT3 to trigger SOCS3-negative feedback signaling, while TEN appeared to provoke SOCS3 inhibitory feedback role directly to further attenuate JAK2-mediated signaling. Collectively, HSYA and TEN might modulate the crosstalk between JAK2/STAT3 and SOCS3 signaling pathways in different manners that eventually contributed to their synergistic therapeutic effects against cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lingling Gu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yan Huo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Qiujuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Mingliang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Wang C, Xiong ZM, Cong YQ, Li ZY, Xie Y, Wang YX, Zhou HM, Yang YF, Liu JJ, Wu HZ. Revealing the pharmacological mechanisms of nao-an dropping pill in preventing and treating ischemic stroke via the PI3K/Akt/eNOS and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11240. [PMID: 38755191 PMCID: PMC11099061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Nao-an Dropping Pill (NADP) is a Chinese patent medicine which commonly used in clinic for ischemic stroke (IS). However, the material basis and mechanism of its prevention or treatment of IS are unclear, then we carried out this study. 52 incoming blood components were resolved by UHPLC-MS/MS from rat serum, including 45 prototype components. The potential active prototype components hydroxysafflor yellow A, ginsenoside F1, quercetin, ferulic acid and caffeic acid screened by network pharmacology showed strongly binding ability with PIK3CA, AKT1, NOS3, NFE2L2 and HMOX1 by molecular docking. In vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) experimental results showed that NADP protected HA1800 cells from OGD/R-induced apoptosis by affecting the release of LDH, production of NO, and content of SOD and MDA. Meanwhile, NADP could improve behavioral of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats, reduce ischemic area of cerebral cortex, decrease brain water and glutamate (Glu) content, and improve oxidative stress response. Immunohistochemical results showed that NADP significantly regulated the expression of PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, eNOS, p-eNOS, Nrf2 and HO-1 in cerebral ischemic tissues. The results suggested that NADP protects brain tissues and ameliorates oxidative stress damage to brain tissues from IS by regulating PI3K/Akt/eNOS and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhe-Ming Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - You-Quan Cong
- Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Zi-Yao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yi Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ying-Xiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yan-Fang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Modern Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - He-Zhen Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Modern Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Chen S, Niu Z, Shen Y, Lu W, Zhao J, Yang H, Guo M, Zhang L, Zheng R, Du G, Li L. Naodesheng decoction regulating vascular function via G-protein-coupled receptors: network analysis and experimental investigations. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1355169. [PMID: 38533257 PMCID: PMC10963398 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a detrimental neurological disease with limited treatment options. Recanalization of blocked blood vessels and restoring blood supply to ischemic brain tissue are crucial for post-stroke rehabilitation. The decoction Naodesheng (NDS) composed of five Chinese botanical drugs, including Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Carthamus tinctorius L., Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, and Crataegus pinnatifida Bge., is a blood-activating and stasis-removing herbal medicine commonly used for the clinical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases in China. However, the material basis of NDS on the effects of blood circulation improvement and vascular tone regulation remains unclear. Methods: A database comprising 777 chemical metabolites of NDS was constructed. Then, the interactions between various herbal metabolites of NDS and five vascular tone modulation G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including 5-HT1AR, 5-HT1BR, β2-AR, AT1R, and ETBR, were assessed by molecular docking. Using network analysis and vasomotor experiment of the cerebral basilar artery, the potential material basis underlying the vascular regulatory effects of NDS was further explored. Results: The Naodesheng Effective Component Group (NECG) was found to induce relaxation of rat basilar artery rings precontracted using Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and KCl in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Several metabolites of NDS, including C. tinctorius, C. pinnatifida, and P. notoginseng, were found to be the main plant resources of metabolites with high docking scores. Furthermore, several metabolites in NDS, including formononetin-7-glucoside, hydroxybenzoyl-coumaric anhydride, methoxymecambridine, puerarol, and pyrethrin II, were found to target multiple vascular GPCRs. Metabolites with moderate-to-high binding energy were verified to have good rat basilar artery-relaxing effects, and the maximum artery relaxation effects of all three metabolites, namely, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and daidzein, were found to exceed 90%. Moreover, metabolites of NDS were found to exert a synergistic effect by interacting with vascular GPCR targets, and these metabolites may contribute to the cerebrovascular regulatory function of NDS. Discussion: The study reports that various metabolites of NDS contribute to its vascular tone regulating effects and demonstrates the multi-component and multi-target characteristics of NDS. Among them, metabolites with moderate-to-high binding scores in NDS may play an important role in regulating vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziran Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjia Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wendan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minmin Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifang Zheng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uygur Medicine, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhou L, Wang X, Xia J, Zhang L, Xue L, Jia Q, Fu Z, Sun Z. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the active components of Shenkang injection in rats with chronic renal failure and its protective effect on damaged renal cells. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:406-419. [PMID: 37679901 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations of the active components of Shenkang injection (i.e. hydroxy saffron yellow pigment A [HSYA], tanshinol, rheum emodin, and astragaloside IV) in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF), and establish a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model (PK-PD model) in order to provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the rational clinical use of Shenkang injection. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group, model group, and Shenkang injection group. A rat model of CRF was induced by adenine gavage and then followed by drug administration via tail vein injection. Orbital blood was collected at different timepoints and the blood concentrations of the four active components were measured by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Serum levels of creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA) were determined using an automatic biochemical analyzer. A PK-PD model was established, and DAS 3.2.6 software was used for model fitting as well as statistical analysis. TGF-β1 was utilized to induce normal rat kidney cells to construct a renal fibrosis model to investigate the protective effect of the pharmacological components on renal fibrosis. The pharmacokinetic analysis of hydroxy saffron yellow pigment A, tanshinol, rheum emodin, and astragaloside IV based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was stable. The linear regression equations for the four active components were as follows: Y = 0.031X + 0.0091 (R2 = 0.9986) for hydroxy saffron yellow pigment A, Y = 0.0389X + 0.164 (R2 = 0.9979) for tanshinol, Y = 0.0257X + 0.0146 (R2 = 0.9973) for rheum emodin, and Y = 0.0763X + 0.0139 (R2 = 0.9993) for astragaloside IV, which indicated good linear relationships. The methodological investigation was stable, with the interday and intraday precision RSD <10%. Meanwhile, the recoveries ranged between 90% and 120%, in accordance with the requirements for in vivo analysis of drugs. Compared with the model group, the levels of Scr, BUN, and UA were significantly decreased after 20 min in the Shenkang injection group (p < 0.01). The PK-PD model showed that the four active components in the Shenkang injection group could fit well with the three effect measures (i.e. Scr, BUN, and UA), with the measured values similar to the predicted values. The cell model of renal fibrosis showed that the connective tissue growth factor and FN1 protein expression levels were significantly lower in the Shenkang injection group than those in the model group, and the cell fibrosis was improved. The established method for in vivo analysis of Shenkang injection was highly specific, with good separation of the components and simple operation. The total statistical moment could well integrate the pharmacokinetic parameters of the four active components. After treatment with Shenkang injection, all indexes in the administered group improved and showed significant inhibition of renal cell fibrosis in vitro. This study could provide scientific reference ideas for the clinical rational use of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Xia
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lianping Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingquan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Fu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Chen J, Guo S, Hu X, Wang R, Jia D, Li Q, Yin X, Liao X, Hu Z, Wang P, Ren C, Dong S, Chen C, Chen S, Xu J, Pei J. Whole-genome and genome-wide association studies improve key agricultural traits of safflower for industrial and medicinal use. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad197. [PMID: 38023481 PMCID: PMC10673658 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is widely cultivated around the world for its seeds and flowers. The presence of linoleic acid (LA) in its seeds and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) in its flowers are the crucial traits that enable safflower to be used for industrial and medicinal purposes. Understanding the genetic control of these traits is essential for optimizing the quality of safflower and its breeding. To further this research, we present a chromosome-scale assembly of the genome of the safflower variety 'Chuanhonghua 1', which was achieved using an integrated strategy combining Illumina, Oxford Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing. We obtained a 1.17-Gb assembly with a contig N50 of 1.08 Mb, and all assembled sequences were assigned to 12 pseudochromosomes. Safflower's evolution involved the core eudicot γ-triplication event and a whole-genome duplication event, which led to large-scale genomic rearrangements. Extensive genomic shuffling has occurred since the divergence of the ancestor of dicotyledons. We conducted metabolite and transcriptome profiles with time- and part-dependent changes and screened candidate genes that significantly contribute to seed lipid biosynthesis. We also analyzed key gene families that participate in LA and HSYA biosynthesis. Additionally, we re-sequenced 220 safflower lines and carried out a genome-wide association study using high-quality SNP data for eight agronomic traits. We identified SNPs related to important traits in safflower. Besides, the candidate gene HH_034464 (CtCGT1) was shown to be involved in the biosynthesis of HSYA. Overall, we provide a high-quality reference genome and elucidate the genetic basis of LA and HSYA biosynthesis in safflower. This vast amount of data will benefit further research for functional gene mining and breeding in safflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xueli Hu
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Donghai Jia
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumchi 830091, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumchi 830091, China
| | - Xianmei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xuejiao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zunhong Hu
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Peiqi Wang
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Chaoxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Chen L, Zhen Y, Wang X, Wang J, Zhu G. Neurovascular glial unit: A target of phytotherapy for cognitive impairments. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155009. [PMID: 37573807 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurovascular glial unit (NVGU) dysfunction has been reported to be an early and critical event in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). Although herbal medicines, with their favorable safety profiles and low adverse effects, have been suggested to be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment, the potential role of the NVGU as the target of the effects of herbal medicines is still unclear. PURPOSE This review aimed to retrieve evidence from experimental studies of phytopharmaceuticals targeting the NVGU for the treatment of cognitive impairment in AD and VD, and discussed the potential of phytopharmaceuticals to improve cognitive impairment from the perspective of the NVGU. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CNKI. The keywords used for searching information on the NVGU in the treatment of cognitive impairments included "Alzheimer's disease," "Vascular dementia," "Herbal medicines," "Natural products," "Neurovascular," "Adverse reaction," and "Toxicity, etc." We selected studies on the basis of predefined eligibility criteria. RESULTS NVGU mainly consists of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, and damage to these cells can induce cognitive impairment by impairing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) as well as neuronal function. The active components of herbal medicines, including Ginkgo biloba L., Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Epimedium Folium, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Carthami flos, and Acorus tatarinowii Schott, as well as traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have shown the potential to improve BBB function and increase CBF to prevent cognitive impairment by inhibiting astrocyte and microglia activation, protecting oligodendrocyte myelin function, reducing neuronal apoptosis, and promoting angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Herbal medicines demonstrate great potential to prevent cognitive impairment. Multiple components from herbal medicines may function through different signaling pathways to target the NVGU. Future studies using novel drug-carrier or delivery systems targeting the NVGU will certainly facilitate the development of phytopharmaceuticals for AD and VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yilan Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xuncui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jingji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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Huang W, Yao W, Weng Y, Xie X, Jiang J, Zhang S, Shi Z, Fan Q. Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits the hyperactivation of rat platelets by regulating the miR-9a-5p/SRC axis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 747:109767. [PMID: 37748625 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Pathological platelet activation plays a vital role in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) has been shown to have significant anti-platelet aggregation and anti-activation effects, but its mechanism of action is unclear. Our study showed that HSYA inhibited the expression of platelet surface glycoproteins IIβ/III α (GPIIβ/III α) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) during platelet activation and reduced platelet Ca2+ accumulation. HSYA significantly reduced the number of platelets and inhibited adrenaline-induced platelet hyperaggregation in rats. Transcriptomic analysis of platelets suggested that HSYA significantly suppressed SRC and MAPK3 (ERK1/2) gene expression. YEEI peptide, an SRC activator, could significantly reverse the inhibition of HSYA on the phosphorylation of SRC/PLCγ2/PKCδ/MEK/ERK1/2 pathway proteins and reverse the effect of HSYA on platelet activation-related markers GPIIβ/IIIα protein, TXA2 and cAMP. The SRC genes were further predicted by transcriptome analysis of HSYA-regulated miRNAs combined with bioinformatics techniques. The results suggested that HSYA could significantly upregulate the expression level of the miR-9a-5p gene and further confirmed that miR-9a-5p had a targeted regulatory relationship with SRC by dual-luciferase activity reporter and cell transfection experiments. The inhibitory effect of HSYA on the SRC/PLCγ2/PKCδ/MEK/ERK1/2 pathway was significantly reversed after platelets were transfected with the miR-9a inhibitor, while SRC siRNA attenuated the effect of the miR-9a inhibitor. SRC siRNA was able to attenuate the effect of the miR-9a inhibitor. In conclusion, this study suggests that HSYA can inhibit the activation of the SRC/PLCγ2/PKC δ/MEK/ERK1/2 axis by upregulating platelet miR-9a-5p, thereby reducing the activation of platelets and inhibiting platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wendong Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yayun Weng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xianze Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
| | - Qiaomei Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Hong L, Shi X, Zhao Y, Zhao G, Jiang H, Liu M, Zhang H, Wu H, Wang L, He L, Chen W. Network pharmacology-guided and TCM theory-supported in vitro and in vivo component identification of Naoluoxintong. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19369. [PMID: 37681188 PMCID: PMC10480607 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Naoluoxintong (NLXT) has been used to treat ischemic stroke (IS) in China for more than two hundred years. However, the pharmacodynamic material basis of NLXT has not been fully studied. Under the guidance of the former network pharmacological analysis, a rapid and reliable method combining UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE with the novel informatics UNIFI™ platform was established which was used to study the composition of NLXT and its prototype components and metabolites in vivo. A total of 102 compounds were identified. 13 compounds were sourced from "Monarch herb", mainly involving flavonoids and their glycosides. 54 compounds were sourced from "Minister herb", mainly involving triterpenoid saponins, organic acids and lactones. 11 compounds were from the "Assistant herb", mostly containing citric acid and esters of citric acid. 24 compounds were from the "Guide herb", mostly including flavonoids and their glycosides, organic acids and lactones. Moreover, 24 prototype components and 30 metabolites were detected, and in vivo transformation pathways for different types of chemical components were provided. This is a comprehensive report on the identification of major chemical components in NLXT and metabolic components in rats by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with UNIFI platform under the guidance of network pharmacology, which is helpful for the quality control of NLXT and the study of quality markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaibei People's Hospital, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Hanzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Xin’ an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine) Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
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9
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Zhang Y, Zhong C, Wang Q, Zhang J, Zhao H, Huang Y, Zhao D, Yang J. Nanoemulsions of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A for Enhancing Physicochemical and In Vivo Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108658. [PMID: 37240000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke was always a disease that threatened human life and health worldwide. We reported the synthesis of a new type of hyaluronic acid-modified multi-walled carbon nanotube. Then, we produced hydroxysafflor yellow A-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin phospholipid complex water-in-oil nanoemulsion with hyaluronic acid-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes and chitosan (HC@HMC) for oral treatment of an ischemic stroke. We measured the intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of HC@HMC in rats. We found that the intestinal absorption and the pharmacokinetic behavior of HC@HMC was superior to that of HYA. We measured intracerebral concentrations after oral administration of HC@HMC and found that more HYA crossed the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of HC@HMC in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R)-injured mice. In MCAO/R mice, oral administration of HC@HMC demonstrated significant protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Furthermore, we found HC@HMC may exert a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through the COX2/PGD2/DPs pathway. These results suggest that oral administration of HC@HMC may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cailing Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuru Huang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dezhang Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A on MSCs against senescence induced by d-galactose. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023; 15:86-93. [PMID: 36875432 PMCID: PMC9975630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the protective effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) against the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induced by d-galactose (d-gal) in vitro, and investigate the potential mechanism involved. Methods Grouping experiment, Normal control (NC) group: conventional culture with complete medium; Senescence group: MSCs were cultured for 48 h with complete medium containing 10 g/L d-gal; HSYA group: on the basis of senescence induction, HSYA with the suitable concentration was used to protect MSCs. The key experimental indices associated with oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cell senescence, proliferation and apoptosis were measured through chemical colorimetry, β-galactosidase staining, EdU incorporation and flow cytometry, respectively. The relative quantity (RQ) of proteins related closely to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and NF-κB signaling were measured by Western blotting. Results As compared with Senescence group, treatment with HSYA (120 mg/L) effectively ameliorated the adverse situation of MSCs. Oxidation stress and inflammation along with d-Gal induction was dramatically alleviated in MSCs; The β-Gal-positive staining indicated that MSC senescence was significantly mitigated; The proliferative capability of MSCs was significantly increased by up-regulating PCNA and inhibiting p16 expression; The anti-apoptotic effect on MSCs was exerted by down-regulating the RQ of cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax; The activity of NF-κB signaling in MSCs was notably suppressed through inhibiting phosphorylation of IKKβ and p65. Conclusion HSYA (120 mg/L) significantly delayed the d-Gal-induced senescence process in MSCs through attenuating inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress, and suppressing the activity of NF-κB signaling.
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11
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Yu L, Jin Z, Li M, Liu H, Tao J, Xu C, Wang L, Zhang Q. Protective potential of hydroxysafflor yellow A in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury: An overview of evidence from experimental studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1063035. [PMID: 36588739 PMCID: PMC9797593 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1063035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, mostly caused by thromboembolic or thrombotic arterial occlusions, is a primary leading cause of death worldwide with high morbidity and disability. Unfortunately, no specific medicine is available for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury due to its limitation of therapeutic window. Hydroxysafflor yellow A, a natural product extracted from Carthamus tinctorius, has been extensively investigated on its pharmacological properties in cerebrovascular diseases. However, review focusing on the beneficial role of HSYA against cerebral I/R injury is still lacking. In this paper, we reviewed the neuroprotective effect of HSYA in preclinical studies and the underlying mechanisms involved, as well as clinical data that support the pharmacological activities. Additionally, the sources, physicochemical properties, biosynthesis, safety and limitations of HSYA were also reviewed. As a result, HSYA possesses a wide range of beneficial effects against cerebral I/R injury, and its action mechanisms include anti-excitotoxicity, anti-oxidant stress, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, attenuating BBB leakage and regulating autophagy. Collectively, HSYA might be applied as one of the promising alternatives in ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Department of Integration, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lu Yu, ; Qiujuan Zhang, ; Liwei Wang,
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital Baoshan Branch, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mincheng Li
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Department of Integration, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jinshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Department of Integration, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Department of Integration, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lu Yu, ; Qiujuan Zhang, ; Liwei Wang,
| | - Qiujuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lu Yu, ; Qiujuan Zhang, ; Liwei Wang,
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12
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Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Exerts Neuroprotective Effects via HIF-1α/BNIP3 Pathway to Activate Neuronal Autophagy after OGD/R. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233726. [PMID: 36496986 PMCID: PMC9736542 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of ischemic stroke (IS), cellular macroautophagy/autophagy and apoptosis play a vital role in neuroprotection against it. Therefore, regulating their balance is a potential therapeutic strategy. It has been proved that hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which can both protect neurons. By exploring bioinformatics combined with network pharmacology, we found that HIF1A and CASP3, key factors regulating autophagy and apoptosis, may be important targets of HSYA for neuroprotection in an oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model. In this study, we explored a possible new mechanism of HSYA neuroprotection in the OGD/R model. The results showed that OGD/R increased the expression of HIF1A and CASP3 in SH-SY5Y cells and induced autophagy and apoptosis, while HSYA intervention further promoted the expression of HIF1A and inhibited the level of CASP3, accompanied by an increase in autophagy and a decrease in apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. The inhibition of HIF1A diminished the activation of autophagy induced with HSYA, while the inhibition of autophagy increased cell apoptosis and blocked the neuroprotective effect of HSYA, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of HSYA should be mediated by activating the HIF1A/BNIP3 signaling pathway to induce autophagy. These results demonstrate that HSYA may be a promising agent for treating IS.
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Liu X, Xiao X, Han X, Yao L, Lan W. A New Therapeutic Trend: Natural Medicine for Ameliorating Ischemic Stroke via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227963. [PMID: 36432062 PMCID: PMC9694461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden arterial occlusion, which is characterized by a high morbidity, mortality, and disability rate. It is one of the most important causes of nervous system morbidity and mortality in the world. In recent years, the search for new medicine for the treatment of IS has become an attractive research focus. Due to the extremely limited time window of traditional medicine treatment, some side effects may occur, and accompanied by the occurrence of adverse reactions, the frequency of exploration with natural medicine is significantly increased. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway is a classical pathway for cell metabolism, growth, apoptosis, and other physiological activities. There is considerable research on medicine that treats various diseases through this pathway. This review focuses on how natural medicines (including herbs and insects) regulate important pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the role it plays in improving IS. We found that many kinds of herbal medicine and insect medicine can alleviate the damage caused by IS through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, the prescription after their combination can also achieve certain results. Therefore, this review provides a new candidate category for medicine development in the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Xinyu Xiao
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Lan Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Wei Lan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Liang Y, Wang L. Carthamus tinctorius L.: A natural neuroprotective source for anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115656. [PMID: 36041691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multicausal neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by generalized dementia. The pathogenic process of AD not only is progressive and complex but also involves multiple factors and mechanisms, including β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. As the first-line treatment for AD, cholinesterase inhibitors can, to a certain extent, relieve AD symptoms and delay AD progression. Nonetheless, the current treatment strategies for AD are far from meeting clinical expectations, and more options for AD treatment should be applied in clinical practice. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review was to investigate published reports of C. tinctorius L. and its active constituents in AD treatment through a literature review. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information was retrieved from scientific databases including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Chemical Abstracts Services and books, PubMed, dissertations and technical reports. Keywords used for the search engines were "Honghua" or "Carthamus tinctorius L." or "safflower" in conjunction with "(native weeds OR alien invasive)"AND "Chinese herbal medicine". RESULTS A total of 47 literatures about C. tinctorius L. and its active constituents in AD treatment through signaling pathways, immune cells, and disease-related mediators and systematically elucidates potential mechanisms from the point of anti-Aβ aggregation, suppressing tau protein hyperphosphorylation, increasing cholinergic neurotransmitters levels, inhibiting oxidative stress, anti-neuroinflammation, ameliorating synaptic plasticity, and anti-apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a treasure endowed by nature to mankind. Emerging studies have confirmed that CHM and its active constituents play a positive role in AD treatment. Carthamus tinctorius L., the most commonly used CHM, can be used with medicine and food, with the effect of activating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis. In the paper, we have concluded that the existing therapeutic mechanisms of C. tinctorius L. and summarized the potential mechanisms of C. tinctorius L. and its active constituents in AD treatment through a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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15
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Zheng L, Wan H, Lu Y, Ding Z, Li C, Wan H. Rapid identification and quantitative determination of chemical compositions in Buyang Huanwu decoction based on HPLC-Q-Exactive mass spectrometry. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:534-543. [PMID: 36581570 PMCID: PMC10494249 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish an analytical method for rapid identification of chemical compositions and quantitative determination of major compositions in Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) based on high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-Exactive MS) and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). METHODS The mass spectrometry information was collected in Full MS/dd-MS 2 negative ion mode with HPLC-Q-Exactive MS system; the chemical compositions of BYHWD were subsequently annotated with Compound Discoverer 3.0 software and a self-built in-house compound library. Eight major compositions (paeoniflorin, gallic acid, hydroxysafflor yellow A, ferulic acid, calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, formononetin) were picked out and their contents were quantitatively determined with HPLC-UV analysis. RESULTS A total of 178 compounds in BYHWD were tentatively identified. The results of HPLC-UV quantitative analysis showed that 8 compositions had a good linear relationship in their respective concentration range ( R 2≥0.9990), the relative standard deviations (RSD) of precision and stability were all less than 15%, and the recovery rate RSD was between 1.6% and 2.4%. CONCLUSIONS The method established in this study can realize the rapid identification and accurate quantification of the major compositions in BYHWD. Paeoniflorin, hydroxysafflor yellow A and gallic acid may be used as quality control markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyan Zheng
- 1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haofang Wan
- 1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yihang Lu
- 1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- 1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chang Li
- 1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- 1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Li L, Shao C, Liu Z, Wu X, Yang J, Wan H. Comparative efficacy of Honghua class injections for treating acute ischemic stroke: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010533. [PMID: 36249799 PMCID: PMC9554475 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and disability. Clinical trials have shown that Honghua class injections (HCIs) combined with WM achieve better clinical efficacy than WM alone. In this study, we performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of different HCIs combined with WM in treating AIS. Methods: First, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. From inception to 1 June 2022, a systematic literature search was conducted in multiple databases for the treatment of AIS with HCIs, including Honghua injection (HI), Safflower Yellow injection (SYI), Guhong injection (GHI), and Danhong injection (DHI). Subsequently, OpenBUGS 3.2.3 was applied to conduct a Bayesian algorithm, and Stata 16.0 was used to prepare the graphs. Multidimensional cluster analysis was performed using the “scatterplot3d” package in R 3.6.1 software. Results: In this NMA, a total of 120 eligible RCTs were included, involving 12,658 patients, and evaluating the clinical effectiveness rates, activities of daily living (ADL), hemorheological indexes, and adverse reactions (ADRs). DHI + WM was the best intervention for improving the clinical effectiveness rate. Moreover, cluster analysis demonstrated that DHI + WM and SYI + WM had better comprehensive therapeutic effects. As most of the included RCTs did not monitor ADRs, the safety of the HCIs remains to be further explored. Conclusion: DHI + WM and SYI + WM probably have a better clinical efficacy on AIS patients. Nevertheless, due to the limitation of this NMA, this conclusion may be biased. High-quality RCTs should be performed to validate our findings. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42021229599
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheting Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiehong Yang, ; Haitong Wan,
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiehong Yang, ; Haitong Wan,
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17
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Comprehensive review of two groups of flavonoids in Carthamus tinctorius L. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Tao YW, Yang L, Chen SY, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Wu JS, Meng XL. Pivotal regulatory roles of traditional Chinese medicine in ischemic stroke via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115316. [PMID: 35513214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many studies have demonstrated the powerful neuroprotection abilities of multiple traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) against NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated ischemic cerebral injury. These TCMs may be in the form of TCM prescriptions, Chinese herbal medicines and their extracts, and TCM monomers. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aimed to analyze and summarize the existing knowledge on the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS). We also summarized the mechanism of action of the various TCMs on the NLRP3 inflammasome, which may provide new insights for the management of IS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed recently published articles by setting the keywords "NLRP3 inflammasome" and "traditional Chinese medicines" along with "ischemic stroke"; "NLRP3 inflammasome" and "ischemic stroke" along with "natural products" and so on in Pubmed and GeenMedical. RESULTS According to recent studies, 16 TCM prescriptions (officially authorized products and clinically effective TCM prescriptions), 7 Chinese herbal extracts, and 29 TCM monomers show protective effects against IS through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptotic, and anti-mitochondrial autophagy effects. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we analyzed studies on the involvement of NLRP3 in IS therapy. Further, we comprehensively and systematically summarized the current knowledge to provide a reference for the further application of TCMs in the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shi-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jia-Si Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xian-Li Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Sayed AM, Gohar OM, Abd-Alhameed EK, Hassanein EHM, Ali FEM. The importance of natural chalcones in ischemic organ damage: Comprehensive and bioinformatic analysis review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14320. [PMID: 35857486 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, extensive research has been conducted, yielding a detailed account of thousands of newly discovered compounds of natural origin and their biological activities, all of which have the potential to be used for a wide range of therapeutic purposes. There are multiple research papers denoting the central objective of chalcones, which have been shown to have therapeutic potential against various forms of ischemia. The various aspects of chalcones are discussed in this review regarding molecular mechanisms involved in the promising anti-ischemic potential of these chalcones. The main mechanisms involved in these protective effects are Nrf2/Akt activation and NF-κB/TLR4 suppression. Furthermore, in-silico studies were carried out to discover the probable binding of these chalcones to Keap-1 (an inhibitor of Nrf2), Akt, NF-κB, and TLR4 protein molecules. Besides, network pharmacology analysis was conducted to predict the interacting partners of these signals. The obtained results indicated that Nrf2, Akt, NF-κB, and TLR4 are involved in the beneficial anti-ischemic actions of chalcones. Conclusively, the present findings show that chalcones as anti-ischemic agents have a valid rationale. The discussed studies will provide a comprehensive viewpoint on chalcones and can help to optimize their effects in different ischemia. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ischemic organ damage is an unavoidable pathological condition with a high worldwide incidence. According to the current research progress, natural chalcones have been proved to treat and/or prevent various types of ischemic organ damage by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by different molecular mechanisms. This article displays the comprehensive research progress and the molecular basis of ischemic organ damage pathophysiology and introduces natural chalcones' mechanism in the ischemic organ condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Osama M Gohar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esraa K Abd-Alhameed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Chen Q, Wan J, Zhang Y, He Y, Bao Y, Yu L, Yang J. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling analysis for hydroxysafflor yellow A-calycosin in compatibility in normal and cerebral ischemic rats: A comparative study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112950. [PMID: 35427818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Astragalus and Safflower are commonly used in the treatment of stroke. Studies have shown that their two active components, hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and calycosin (CA), have protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R). However, the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling study of the combination of the two components has not been reported in rats. The study aimed to perform combined PK-PD modeling of HSYA and CA in normal and cerebral ischemia model rats to explain quantitatively their time-concentration-effect relationship. METHODS To make the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. SD rats were randomly divided into normal treated group (NTG) (n = 6), model group (MDG) (n = 6) and model treated group (MTG) (n = 6). Plasma was collected from the mandibular vein after 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after intravenous administration. Rats in NTG and MTG were administered the same dose of HSYA (5 mg/kg) and CA (8 mg/kg) by tail vein injection. HPLC-VWD method was used for detection and analysis. Simultaneously, ELISA was performed to detect the levels of IL-1β and caspase-9 in rat plasma at different time points. The improvement in the above indicators was compared after administration. Lastly, after combining the pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic indicators in vivo, DAS 3.2.6 software was used to fit the PK-PD model. RESULTS The MCAO model was successfully established. Compared to NTG, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in t1/2α, t1/2β, V1, V2, CL1, CL2, AUC(0-t), AUC (0-∞), and K12 of MTG for HSYA, and there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in t1/2α, V1, CL1, AUC(0-t), AUC (0-∞), and K10 of MTG for CA. Compared to NTG, the PK parameters of t1/2α, V1, V2, CL1, and K10 were higher for HSYA in MTG, while AUC(0-t), AUC (0-∞), K12, and K21 were lower; the PK parameters of t1/2α, V1, V2, AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-∞) were higher for CA in MTG, while CL1, CL2, K10, K12, and K21 were lower. Also, the results of PD showed extremely significant differences in the levels of caspase-9 and IL-1β at the different time points in MTG (P < 0.01) compared with 0 min. The levels of caspase-9 and IL-1β in NTG rats showed little fluctuation and were relatively stable; however, their levels in MTG showed a downward trend with time. There were highly significant differences in the levels of each of the pharmacodynamic indicators at every time point between NTG and MTG (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The PK-PD model of the combined administration of HSYA and CA was successfully established in rats, and the differences in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties between the normal and cerebral ischemic rats were evaluated. Based on comprehensive data analysis, we found that the combination of HSYA and CA may exert protective effects against I/R injury in rats via anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory pathways. The study provided additional insights into the development of drugs for ischemic stroke as well as the design of appropriate dosing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Jiayang Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Yida Bao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Li Yu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
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21
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Therapeutic targets and mechanism of hydroxysafflower yellow a on poststroke cognitive impairment: Network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Cui Q, Fu Z, Yu H, Liu A, Liu J, Qin X, Ge S, Zhang G. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Alleviates Ischemic Stroke in Rats via HIF-1[Formula: see text], BNIP3, and Notch1-Mediated Inhibition of Autophagy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:799-815. [PMID: 35300568 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke has become a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The cellular recycling pathway autophagy has been implicated in ischemia-induced neuronal changes, but whether autophagy plays a beneficial or detrimental role is controversial. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A (HSYA), a popular herbal medicine, is an extract of Carthamus tinctorius and is used to treat ischemic stroke (IS) in China. HSYA has been shown to prevent cardiovascular and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in animal models. However, the specific active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of HSYA in IS remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of HSYA treatment on autophagy in a rat model of IS. IS was induced in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Rats were treated once daily for 3 days with saline, HYSA, or the neuroprotective agent Edaravone. Neurobehavioral testing was performed on days 1, 2, and 3 post-surgery. Brains were removed on day 3 post-surgery for histological evaluation of infarct area, morphology, and for qRT-PCR and western blot analysis of the expression of the autophagy factor LC3 and the signaling molecules HIF-1[Formula: see text], BNIP3, and Notch1. Molecular docking studies were performed in silico to predict potential interactions between HSYA and LC3, HIF-1[Formula: see text], BNIP3, and Notch1 proteins. The result showed that HSYA treatment markedly alleviated IS-induced neurobehavioral deficits and reduced brain infarct area and tissue damage. HSYA also significantly reduced hippocampal expression levels of LC3, HIF-1[Formula: see text], BNIP3, and Notch1. The beneficial effect of HSYA was generally superior to that of Edaravone. Molecular modeling suggested that HSYA may bind strongly to HIF-1[Formula: see text], BNIP3, and Notch1 but weakly to LC3. In conclusion, HSYA inhibits post-IS autophagy induction in the brain, possibly by suppressing HIF-1[Formula: see text], BNIP3 and Notch1. HSYA may have utility as a post-IS neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P. R. China
- Langfang TCM Hospital, Langfang, Hebei 065000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P. R. China
| | - Qian Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Fu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P. R. China
| | - Ao Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P. R. China
| | - Xiude Qin
- Shenzhen TCM Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqin Ge
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P. R. China
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23
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Ren M, Zhang M, Zhang X, Wang C, Zheng Y, Hu Y. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Inhibits Aβ 1-42-Induced Neuroinflammation by Modulating the Phenotypic Transformation of Microglia via TREM2/TLR4/NF-κB Pathway in BV-2 Cells. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:748-761. [PMID: 34783973 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is an extract from Carthamus tinctorius L. dry flowers (Compositae). HSYA has been shown to have neuroprotective effects on several Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. However, the exact mechanisms by which HSYA regulates neuroinflammation have still not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which HSYA regulates microglial activation and neuroinflammation via TREM2, and further clarified its underlying molecular mechanism. We silenced TREM2 in BV-2 cells and evaluated the expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13). The results showed that HSYA could up-regulate cell viability and improve the morphology of BV-2 cells injured by Aβ1-42. The results showed that Aβ1-42 could induce microglia to upregulate the expression of M1 markers (iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6) and downregulate M2 marker (Arg-1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) expression. HSYA reversed the effects of Aβ1-42 via TREM2, switching microglia from an M1 proinflammatory phenotype to an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. HSYA inhibited the Aβ1-42-induced activation of the TLR4/NF-κB transduction pathway by upregulating TREM2 and regulated the transcription of inflammatory cytokines via the downstream transcription factors NF-κB p65 and IκB-α. In conclusion, HSYA regulated the microglial inflammatory phenotype by regulating microglial (M1/M2) polarization in Aβ1-42-induced BV-2 cells which may be mediated by the TREM2/TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Yu X, Niu W, Wang YY, Olaleye OE, Wang JN, Duan MY, Yang JL, He RR, Chu ZX, Dong K, Zhang GP, Liu CX, Cheng C, Li C. Novel assays for quality evaluation of XueBiJing: Quality variability of a Chinese herbal injection for sepsis management. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:664-682. [PMID: 36105162 PMCID: PMC9463487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
XueBiJing is an intravenous five-herb injection used to treat sepsis in China. The study aimed to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)- or liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (LC-UV)-based assay for quality evaluation of XueBiJing. Assay development involved identifying marker constituents to make the assay therapeutically relevant and building a reliable one-point calibrator for monitoring the various analytes in parallel. Nine marker constituents from the five herbs were selected based on XueBiJing's chemical composition, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. A selectivity test (for “similarity of response”) was developed to identify and minimize interference by non-target constituents. Then, an intercept test was developed to fulfill “linearity through zero” for each analyte (absolute ratio of intercept to C response, <2%). Using the newly developed assays, we analyzed samples from 33 batches of XueBiJing, manufactured over three years, and found small batch-to-batch variability in contents of the marker constituents (4.1%–14.8%), except for senkyunolide I (26.5%). To make assays therapeutically relevant, criteria were proposed for defining herbal medicine efficacy & selecting analytes. Two tests were developed to build a one-point assay calibrator for the simultaneous monitoring of various analytes. Variability among 3-year batches of XueBiJing was evaluated for the first time using the therapeutically relevant assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ya-Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Olajide E. Olaleye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Research Institute, Tianjin Chasesun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhang
- Research Institute, Tianjin Chasesun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Chang-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality-Marker of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Sun Y, Yanming G, Jinxin L, Lamei X, Fan M, Qian H, Li Y, Wang L. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A - An Important Natural Pigment for Treating Metabolic Diseases. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2013256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guan Yanming
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Jinxin
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xue Lamei
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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26
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Cheng C, Yu X. Research Progress in Chinese Herbal Medicines for Treatment of Sepsis: Pharmacological Action, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacokinetics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11078. [PMID: 34681737 PMCID: PMC8540716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection; the pathophysiology of sepsis is complex. The incidence of sepsis is steadily increasing, with worldwide mortality ranging between 30% and 50%. Current treatment approaches mainly rely on the timely and appropriate administration of antimicrobials and supportive therapies, but the search for pharmacotherapies modulating the host response has been unsuccessful. Chinese herbal medicines, i.e., Chinese patent medicines, Chinese herbal prescriptions, and single Chinese herbs, play an important role in the treatment of sepsis through multicomponent, multipathway, and multitargeting abilities and have been officially recommended for the management of COVID-19. Chinese herbal medicines have therapeutic actions promising for the treatment of sepsis; basic scientific research on these medicines is increasing. However, the material bases of most Chinese herbal medicines and their underlying mechanisms of action have not yet been fully elucidated. This review summarizes the current studies of Chinese herbal medicines used for the treatment of sepsis in terms of clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacological activity, phytochemistry, bioactive constituents, mechanisms of action, and pharmacokinetics, to provide an important foundation for clarifying the pathogenesis of sepsis and developing novel antisepsis drugs based on Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China;
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Cui Q, Ma YH, Yu HY, Zhang YL, Qin XD, Ge SQ, Zhang GW. Systematic analysis of the mechanism of hydroxysafflor yellow A for treating ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology technology. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174360. [PMID: 34302817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the mechanism of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) for treating ischemic stroke (IS) based on network pharmacology tools, and verified the kernel targets via animal experiments. The targets of HSYA were collected via PharmMapper server and the IS-related targets were searched using Genecards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, Therapeutic Target, and Disgenet databases. The targets identified from the above two steps were overlapped to acquire candidate targets involved in the effects of HSYA for treating IS. Subsequently, the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery was used for gene ontology analysis and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis. Cytoscape 3.7.1 was applied to establish the component-target-pathway network. Potential core targets were obtained by protein-protein interaction analysis. Furthermore, Autodock Vina was used to identify core genes, and animal experiments was used to verify the expression level of core genes. On the basis of the modified neurologic severity score and the results of 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Hematoxylin-eosin staining, we confirmed that HSYA reduced the infarct volume in rats and protected neuronal cells in the hippocampal region after IS. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining showed that HSYA increased the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (P < 0.05). The effects of HSYA on IS are mediated through several targets and pathways related to the regulation of oxidative stress and the renewal of cell and blood vessels while improving post-ischemic brain impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Yu-Hui Ma
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Hao-Yu Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Yu-Liang Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Xiu-de Qin
- Shenzhen TCM Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Shao-Qin Ge
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.
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Wang K, Lei L, Cao J, Qiao Y, Liang R, Duan J, Feng Z, Ding Y, Ma Y, Yang Z, Zhang E. Network pharmacology-based prediction of the active compounds and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction for ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1050. [PMID: 34434264 PMCID: PMC8353622 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is used to promote blood circulation and is widely used in Chinese clinical practice for the treatment and prevention of ischemic cerebral vascular diseases. However, the mechanism and active compounds of BYHWD used to treat ischemic stroke are not well understood. The current study aimed to identify the potential active components of BYHWD and explore its mechanism using network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses. The compounds of BYHWD were obtained from public databases. Oral bioavailability and drug-likeness were screened using the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) criteria. Components of BYHWD, alongside the candidate targets of each component and the known therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke were collected. A network of target gene compounds and cerebral ischemia compounds was established using network pharmacology data sources. The enrichment of key targets and pathways was analyzed using STRING and DAVID databases. Moreover, three of key targets [IL6, VEGFA and hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α (HIF-1α)] were verified using western blot analysis. Network analysis determined 102 compounds in seven herbal medicines that were subjected to ADME screening. A total of 42 compounds as well as 79 genes formed the principal pathways associated with ischemic stroke. The 16 key compounds identified were baicalein, beta-carotene, baicalin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, isorhamnetin, bifendate, formononetin, calycosin, astragaloside IV, stigmasterol, sitosterol, Z-ligustilide, and dihydrocapsaicin. The core genes in this network were IL6, TNF, VEGFA, HIF-1α, MAPK1, MAPK3, JUN, STAT3, IL1B and IL10. Furthermore, the TNF, IL17, apoptosis, PI3K-Akt, toll-like receptor, MAPK, NF-κB and HIF-1 signaling pathways were identified to be associated with ischemic stroke. Compared with the control group (no treatment), BYHWD significantly inhibited the expression of IL6 and increase the expression of HIF-1α and VEGFA. Network pharmacology analyses can help to reveal close interactions between multi-components and multi-targets and enhance understanding of the potential effects of BYHWD on ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhifu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Enhu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
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Xue X, Deng Y, Wang J, Zhou M, Liao L, Wang C, Peng C, Li Y. Hydroxysafflor yellow A, a natural compound from Carthamus tinctorius L with good effect of alleviating atherosclerosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153694. [PMID: 34403879 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease with complex pathogenesis. Its serious consequence is insufficient blood supply to heart and brain, which eventually leads to myocardial ischemia, infarction and stroke. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a single chalcone glycoside compound with a variety of pharmacological effects, which has shown a potential biological activity for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. PURPOSE The main purpose of this review is to comprehensively elucidate the mechanism of HSYA on atherosclerosis and its risk factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus). METHOD The literatures on HSYA in the treatment of atherosclerosis and its risk factors were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, including in vitro (cell), in vivo (animal) and clinical (human) studies, and summarized reasonably. RESULTS HSYA is a promising natural product for treating atherosclerosis. It can suppress foam cell formation, vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and platelet activation. The mechanisms are achieved by regulating the reverse cholesterol transport process, fatty acid synthesis, oxidative stress, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NLRP3 inflammasome, TNFR1/NF-κB, NO-cGMP, Bax/Bcl-2, MAPKs, CDK/CyclinD and TLR4/Rac1/Akt signaling pathways. Besides, HSYA is devoted to lowering blood lipids, regulating ion channels, reducing vascular inflammation, and protecting pancreatic beta cells, which is conducive to reducing the harm of independent risk factors of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS HSYA exhibits the preventive and therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis and its risk factors in vivo and in vitro, which is relevant to multiple mechanisms. The clinical trials of HSYA need to be further investigated to provide a solid foundation for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Wan H, Yang Y, Li Z, Cheng L, Ding Z, Wan H, Yang J, Zhou H. Compatibility of ingredients of Danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) and Honghua ( Flos Carthami) and their protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:849. [PMID: 34149895 PMCID: PMC8210257 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) and Honghua (Flos Carthami) (Danhong) are two drugs commonly prescribed together, which are often used in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases in China. Due to the complexity of the ingredients of Danhong, the present study focused on performing the orthogonal compatibility method on the primary effective molecules of this drug: Tanshinol, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B and hydroxysafflor yellow A. These four molecules were studied to determine their protective effects and to screen for the most compatible ingredients to improve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) in rats. Focal middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed to establish the cerebral IR model in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, IR group and nine orthogonal administration groups with different ratios of Danhong effective ingredients and Danhong injection group. Neurological deficit score and cerebral infarction volume were measured postoperatively. Morphological pathological alterations were observed via H&E staining. Bcl-2 and Bax were quantified using ELISA. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to analyze the expression of caspase-3 in the hippocampus. The expression levels of cytochrome c, apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (apaf-1), caspase-9, caspase-3 and p53 mRNA in the hippocampus were assessed via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results demonstrated that different compatibility groups significantly reduced the neurological function score and decreased the volume of cerebral infarct compared with the IR group. These groups were also indicated to improve the pathological damage to the brain tissue. In addition, certain compatibility groups significantly decreased the number of caspase-3 positive cells in the hippocampus and the expression levels of cytochrome c, apaf-1, caspase-9, caspase-3 and p53 mRNA in the brain tissue. Orthogonal group 4 (30 mg/kg tanshinol; 2.5 mg/kg salvianolic acid A; 16 mg/kg salvianolic acid B; 8 mg/kg hydroxysafflor yellow A) was indicated to be the most effective. The four effective ingredients of Danhong exhibited a protective effect on rats with cerebral IR injury, potentially through the inhibition of apoptosis via the downregulation of key targets upstream of the caspase-3 pathway. In addition, the present study provided novel insights for the continued study of the drug compatibility rules of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Yang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Lan Cheng
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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Autophagy in vascular dementia and natural products with autophagy regulating activity. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105756. [PMID: 34237440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion(CCH)-induced vascular dementia(VD) is a common neurodegenerative disease which seriously affects the patient's quality of life. Therefore, it is critical to find an effective treatment of VD. Autophagy is a natural regulated mechanism that can remove dysfunctional proteins and organelles, however, over-activation or under-activation can of autophagy can induce the apoptosis of cells. Although autophagy plays a role in the central nervous system is unquestionable, the effects of autophagy in the ischemic brain are still controversial. Some autophagy regulators have been tested, suggesting that both activation and inhibition of autophagy can improve the cognitive function. This article reviews the role of autophagy in CCH-induced VD to discuss whether autophagy has the potential to become a target for drug development and provides several potential compounds for treating vascular dementia.
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Role of Herbal Teas in Regulating Cellular Homeostasis and Autophagy and Their Implications in Regulating Overall Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072162. [PMID: 34201882 PMCID: PMC8308238 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular and widely consumed beverages worldwide, and possesses numerous potential health benefits. Herbal teas are well-known to contain an abundance of polyphenol antioxidants and other ingredients, thereby implicating protection and treatment against various ailments, and maintaining overall health in humans, although their mechanisms of action have not yet been fully identified. Autophagy is a conserved mechanism present in organisms that maintains basal cellular homeostasis and is essential in mediating the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, type II diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease. The increasing prevalence of these diseases, which could be attributed to the imbalance in the level of autophagy, presents a considerable challenge in the healthcare industry. Natural medicine stands as an effective, safe, and economical alternative in balancing autophagy and maintaining homeostasis. Tea is a part of the diet for many people, and it could mediate autophagy as well. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview of popular herbal teas’ health-promoting and disease healing properties and in-depth information on their relation to autophagy and its related signaling molecules. The present review sheds more light on the significance of herbal teas in regulating autophagy, thereby improving overall health.
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Bioactive Substances in Safflower Flowers and Their Applicability in Medicine and Health-Promoting Foods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:6657639. [PMID: 34136564 PMCID: PMC8175185 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Safflower flowers (Carthamus tinctorius) contain many natural substances with a wide range of economic uses. The most famous dye isolated from flower petals is hydroxysafflor A (HSYA), which has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This review is aimed at updating the state of knowledge about their applicability in oncology, pulmonology, cardiology, gynecology, dermatology, gastrology, immunology, and suitability in the treatment of obesity and diabetes and its consequences with information published mainly in 2018-2020. They were also effective in treating obesity and diabetes and its consequences. The issues related to the possibilities of using HSYA in the production of health-promoting food were also analyzed.
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Wei L, Peng Y, Yang XJ, Zhou P. Knockdown of long non-coding RNA RMRP protects cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the microRNA-613/ATG3 axis and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:468-478. [PMID: 33560543 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can induce the mitophagy of neurons in the ischemic brain. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of various injuries, especially in cerebral I/R injury. The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanism of lncRNA RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP) in cerebral I/R injury. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model was established. Neurological deficit score, pathological structure, infarcted area, neuron number, cell apoptosis, and coagulation ability of MCAO mice were evaluated. The expressions of RMRP, microRNA (miR)-613, and ATG3 in MCAO mice were detected. The binding relationships among miR-613, RMRP, and ATG3 were predicted and verified. Neuro 2A (N2a) cells were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to simulate I/R injury. Cell viability and apoptosis assays were performed. The effects of miR-613, ATG3, and RMRP on I/R injury were verified by functional rescue experiments. JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation level was detected. We found significantly upregulated RMRP and ATG3, and downregulated miR-613 expressions in MCAO mice. RMRP could escalate ATG3 mRNA expression through miR-613. RMRP knockdown promoted viability and inhibited apoptosis of OGD/R-treated N2a cells, which could be reversed by miR-613 inhibition or ATG3 overexpression. RMRP overexpression inhibited the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. We demonstrated that lncRNA RMRP competitively bound to miR-613, leading to the increase of ATG3 expression and the inhibition the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, thus promoting cerebral I/R injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Li P, Gao W, Shi XY, Miao QY, Liu XG. Screening safflower injection for constituents with activity against stroke using comprehensive chemical profiling coupled with network pharmacology. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_32_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zhang J, Yang YN, Jiang JS, Feng ZM, Yuan X, Zhang X, Zhang PC. The discovery of new phloroglucinol glycosides from Agrimonia pilosa and the mechanism of oxidative dearomatization of the methyl-substituted phloroglucinol derivatives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22273-22277. [PMID: 35480819 PMCID: PMC9034183 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03588f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New phloroglucinol glycosides, aglycones, and oxidative dearomatized products of aglycones were discovered from Agrimonia pilosa, and the mechanism of the auto oxidative dearomatization was disclosed as a free radical chain reaction with 3O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100050
| | - Ya-Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100050
| | - Jian-Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100050
| | - Zi-Ming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100050
| | - Xiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100050
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100050
| | - Pei-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100050
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37
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Li P, Gao W, Shi XY, Miao QY, Liu XG. Screening safflower injection for constituents with activity against stroke using comprehensive chemical profiling coupled with network pharmacology. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.317485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bai X, Wang WX, Fu RJ, Yue SJ, Gao H, Chen YY, Tang YP. Therapeutic Potential of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:01265. [PMID: 33117148 PMCID: PMC7550755 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) is increasing worldwide, causing an increasingly serious public health burden. The pursuit of new promising treatment options is thus becoming a pressing issue. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is one of the main active quinochalcone C-glycosides in the florets of Carthamus tinctorius L., a medical and edible dual-purpose plant. HSYA has attracted much interest for its pharmacological actions in treating and/or managing CCVDs, such as myocardial and cerebral ischemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular dementia, and traumatic brain injury, in massive preclinical studies. In this review, we briefly summarized the mode and mechanism of action of HSYA on CCVDs based on these preclinical studies. The therapeutic effects of HSYA against CCVDs were presumed to reside mostly in its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective roles by acting on complex signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Ye J, Lu S, Wang M, Ge W, Liu H, Qi Y, Fu J, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Sun G, Sun X. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome and Activating Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1170. [PMID: 32848777 PMCID: PMC7406911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is a serious threat to human health. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), the main water-soluble ingredient extracted from Carthami flos (Carthamus tinctorius L.), has therapeutic potential for treating MI/R injury. However, the mechanisms of HSYA−mediated protection from MI/R injury are incompletely understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of HSYA during MI/R. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left anterior descending artery ligation for 30 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion with or without HSYA treatment. The protective effect of HSYA was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining, and myocardial enzymes detections. Serum levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18, were detected using ELISA kits. The expression of NLRP3 and other related proteins in the myocardium was detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The expression of autophagy-related proteins, including Atg5, BECN1, P62, and LC3B, was detected by western blot to evaluate the effect of HSYA on autophagy. Results showed that HSYA decreased the myocardial infarct size and attenuated the cardiac dysfunction in rats after I/R. In addition, HSYA inhibited myocardial apoptosis compared with the I/R group, decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in rat serum, reduced NLRP3 inflammasome expression, and induced autophagy. Mechanistically, our results demonstrated that HSYA can activate AMPK to improve autophagy and inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting the mTOR pathway. This work provides strong data supporting for the clinical applications of HSYA in MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxue Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiu Ge
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaodong Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Pneumology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Pneumology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bengang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yang J, Wang R, Cheng X, Qu H, Qi J, Li D, Xing Y, Bai Y, Zheng X. The vascular dilatation induced by Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on rat mesenteric artery through TRPV4-dependent calcium influx in endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 256:112790. [PMID: 32234595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is the principal constituent of the flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L., a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has been used for the treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases due to its property of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. It is dominated in the water extract of Carthamus tinctorius L., which has been used in the clinical treatment for cardiovascular diseases. HSYA exerts a variety of pharmacological efficacy upon the vascular system. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the vascular dilatation effect of HSYA on rat mesenteric artery (MA) and its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were applied to the study. Tension studies were conducted to determine the dilatation activity of HSYA against pre-contracted mesenteric arterial (MA) rings by U 46619 and Phenylephrine (PE). The vascular activities were measured with or without incubation with some selective inhibitors, including L-N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nitro oxide synthase inhibitor), HC-067047 (a selective TRPV4 antagonist), BaCl2 (a Kir channel blocker), and Indomethacin (Indo, a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor), respectively. Immunocytochemistry, Calcium Imaging, NO Production detection, and Western Blot were also employed to further study the underlying mechanism. RESULTS HSYA reversed the constriction of MAs induced by U 46619 in a manner of concentration dependency, and the dilatation capability was reversed by L-NAME. This effect was significantly dependent on the intactness of MA endothelium, accompanying an increment of NO production in mesenteric arterial endothelium cells. The increment of NO production was reversed by inhibiting the PKA. Also, the expression of p-eNOS was activated by HSYA shown in Western Blot assays. The cells imaging revealed a significant increase and drop of the influx of Ca2+ before and after treatment with HC-067047. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that HSYA exerts vessel dilation effect on MAs via a TRPV4-dependent influx of Ca2+ in endothelium cells, PKA-dependent eNOS phosphorylation and NO production mechanism. The present study indicates that HSYA has the potential to be a future candidate for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Xiaohan Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - HuiChong Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Jing Qi
- College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, PR China.
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Yan Xing
- College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, PR China.
| | - Yuhua Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, PR China.
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Safflower Yellow Improves the Synaptic Structural Plasticity by Ameliorating the Disorder of Glutamate Circulation in Aβ 1-42-induced AD Model Rats. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1870-1887. [PMID: 32410043 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Safflower yellow (SY) is the main effective component of Carthamus tinctorius L., and Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is the single active component with the highest content in SY. SY and HSYA have been shown to have neuroprotective effects in several AD models. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether the effects of SY and HSYA on the learning and memory abilities of Aβ1-42-induced AD model rats are related to the enhancement of synaptic structural plasticity in brain tissues and the amelioration of disorder of glutamate circulation. We used rats injected with Aβ1-42 into the bilateral hippocampus as a model of AD. After treatment with SY and HSYA, the learning and memory abilities of the Aβ1-42-induced AD model rats were enhanced, Aβ deposition in the AD model rats was decreased, structural damage to dendritic spines and the loss of synaptic-associated proteins were alleviated, and the disorder of glutamate circulation was ameliorated. The results indicated that SY and HSYA improve synaptic structural plasticity by ameliorating the disorder of glutamate circulation in Aβ1-42-induced AD model rats.
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Zhang Y, Yu L, Jin W, Li C, Wang Y, Wan H, Yang J. Simultaneous Optimization of the Ultrasonic Extraction Method and Determination of the Antioxidant Activities of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Anhydrosafflor Yellow B from Safflower Using a Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051226. [PMID: 32182800 PMCID: PMC7179454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An evaluation of the ultrasonic extraction process and the antioxidant activities of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and anhydrosafflor yellow B (AHSYB) from safflower are presented herein. Using response surface methodology (RSM), based on a four-factor-three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD), the extraction parameters, namely, temperature, extraction time, solvent-to-material ratio, and extraction power, were optimized for maximizing the yields of HSYA and AHSYB. The maximum yield was obtained at a temperature of 66 °C with an extraction time of 36 min, solvent-to-material ratio of 16 mL/g, and the extraction power of 150 W, which was adjusted according to the actual conditions. The HSYA and AHSYB contents were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The yield and the comprehensive evaluation value of HSYA and AHSYB were calculated. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined using a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) kit and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The results suggested that the safflower extracts possessed obvious ferric reducing and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The antioxidant activity increased with increasing concentration. The results suggested that optimizing the conditions of ultrasonic extraction using RSM can significantly increase the yields of HSYA and AHSYB from safflower. The safflower extracts showed better antioxidant activity. This study can encourage future research on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Li Yu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Weifeng Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Chang Li
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (J.Y.)
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Zhao X, Yu L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wan H, Yang J. Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Hydrophilic Components in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and Carthamus tinctorius L. in Rats That Underwent Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Using an HPLC-DAD Method. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1598. [PMID: 32038261 PMCID: PMC6992657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In China, the combination of herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) and Carthamus tinctorius L. (Honghua) is an effective treatment for stroke. A previous study showed that the combination of four herbal components: danshensu (DSS), hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), salvianolic acid A (SAA), and salvianolic acid B (SAB) was effective for treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of this formula require further investigation. The present study investigated the pharmacokinetic differences between each component of in two formulas in cerebral I/R injury rats. The influencing factors may affect the compatibility of components were analyzed. Methods Focal cerebral I/R was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats that underwent MCAO were randomly divided into two groups and administered treatments through the tail vein. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points following administration. The concentrations of DSS, HSYA, SAB, and SAA in rat plasma were determined using HPLC-DAD, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 3.2.6 software and SPSS 23.0 statistical analysis software. Results Our results showed that DSS, HSYA, SAB, and SAA in MCAO model rats had statistically significant differences in two formulas. For DSS and SAA, pharmacokinetic parameters with statistically significant differences including AUC(0−t), AUMC(0−t), MRT(0−t), VRT(0−t), t1/2z, Vz, CLz, and Cmax (P < 0.01). For HSYA, significant differences in the parameters including AUC(0−t), AUMC(0−t), MRT(0−t), VRT(0−t) (P < 0.01), CLz and Cmax (P < 0.05). Conclusion The difference in pharmacokinetic parameters in response to each component may have been due to differences in the dosages of the components (HSYA, SAA, SAB) and the compatibility of components. Meanwhile, there were many influencing factors could affect the compatibility of components, such as the metabolism by CYP450 enzymes, plasma protein binding rates, and effects related to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Moreover, our study provided new insights, such as choosing appropriate dosages of active components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to aid in prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases. The method and results in this study could provide a foundation for future pharmacological studies of the active components in Danshen and Honghua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Jin Y, Yu L, Xu F, Zhou J, Xiong B, Tang Y, Li X, Liu L, Jin W. Pharmacokinetics of Active Ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius in Compatibility in Normal and Cerebral Ischemia Rats: A Comparative Study. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 45:273-284. [PMID: 31828667 PMCID: PMC7089879 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-019-00597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Dan-Hong injection, which comprises extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius, promotes blood circulation and reduces blood stasis. Combination of S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius is more effective in treating cerebral ischemia than S. miltiorrhiza alone. This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetic characteristics of four active ingredients of S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius, namely danshensu (DSS), hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), and salvianolic acid A (SAA) and B (SAB) in normal and cerebral ischemia rats. Methods Normal and cerebral ischemia rats were injected via the tail vein with each active ingredient, and blood was collected through the jaw vein at different time points. The plasma concentration of the compatibility group was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using Pharmacokinetic Kinetica 4.4 software. Results The pharmacokinetics of the four active ingredients in the normal and cerebral ischemia rats were consistent with a two-compartment model. The area under the concentration–time curve was higher in normal rats than in cerebral ischemia rats, with a highly significant difference for SAA (P < 0.01). Clearance rates were lower in normal rats than in cerebral ischemia rats, with DSS showing the most significant difference (P < 0.01). Furthermore, there were significant differences between normal and cerebral ischemia rats in the distribution phase-elimination half life for DSS, SAA, and HSYA, as well as in the apparent volume of distribution for the central compartment for DSS and HSYA (P < 0.01). The plasma concentrations of the four active ingredients were higher in normal rats than in cerebral ischemia rats. Conclusion Cerebral ischemia rats showed higher drug clearance rates and longer retention times than normal rats, which may be due to destruction of the blood–brain barrier during cerebral ischemia–reperfusion. The four active ingredients likely integrated and interacted with each other to affect target sites in the brain to protect against cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, No. 219 Moganshan Road, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinshan Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanying Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weifeng Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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45
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Song JY, Chen JF, Lu YY, Chang K, Zhao MB, Tu PF, Jiang Y, Guo XY. Comparative study on metabolic profiling and excretion in rat bile between combination of notoginseng total saponins and safflower total flavonoids and its individual extracts by LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 178:112936. [PMID: 31672581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The combination of notoginseng total saponins (NS) and safflower total flavonoids (SF), namely CNS, presents a synergistic protection effect on the myocardial ischemia rats. The aim of this study was to find the clues for their synergistic actions by comparing the biliary metabolism and excretion profiles after oral administration of CNS and its individual extracts. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) platform was used to identify and quantify the CNS-derived components in bile. The neutral losses, precursor ions, and predictive multiple reaction monitoring (pMRM) scans were firstly used to detect the CNS-derived ingredients in vivo. A total of 43 components, including 38 flavonoids and 5 ginsenosides were tentatively identified according to the previously established chemical and metabolic profiles of NS and SF. Afterwards, the primary circulating and biological components, hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), ginsenosides Rg1 (GRg1), Re (GRe), and Rd (GRd) were chosen to compare the bile excretion between CNS and its individual extract groups, by using a validated LC-MRM-MS/MS method. The approach was proved to be well satisfied the related requirements from the guidelines of FDA (specificity, calibration curve, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery, and stability). Comparing with the SF and NS groups, the combination group did not affect the metabolic pathways of the CNS-related components, however, it decreased the cumulative excretion ratios of HSYA, GRg1, GRe, and GRd. In conclusion, the compatibility of SF and NS could reduce the bile excretion of the CNS-derived compounds, which may be one of the reasons for the enhancement of anti-myocardial ischemia after combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Ying-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Kun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Ming-Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Fan J, Qin X, Li Z. Molecular docking and multivariate analysis studies of active compounds in the safflower injection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1665540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Fan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Pu ZJ, Yue SJ, Zhou GS, Yan H, Shi XQ, Zhu ZH, Huang SL, Peng GP, Chen YY, Bai JQ, Wang XP, Su SL, Tang YP, Duan JA. The Comprehensive Evaluation of Safflowers in Different Producing Areas by Combined Analysis of Color, Chemical Compounds, and Biological Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183381. [PMID: 31533325 PMCID: PMC6767200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a new strategy including the combination of external appearance, chemical detection, and biological analysis was proposed for the comprehensive evaluation of safflowers in different producing areas. Firstly, 40 batches of safflower samples were classified into class I and II based on color measurements and K-means clustering analysis. Secondly, a rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed for simultaneous quantification of 16 chromaticity-related characteristic components (including characteristic components hydroxysafflor yellow A, anhydrosafflor yellow B, safflomin C, and another 13 flavonoid glycosides) in safflowers by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP®/MS2). The results of the quantification indicate that hydroxysafflor yellow A, anhydrosafflor yellow B, kaempferol, quercetin, and safflomin C had significant differences between the two types of safflower, and class I of safflower had a higher content of hydroxysafflor yellow A, anhydrosafflor yellow B, and safflomin C as the main anti-thrombotic components in safflower. Thirdly, chemometrics methods were employed to illustrate the relationship in multivariate data of color measurements and chromaticity-related characteristic components. As a result, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and 6-hydroxykaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucoside were strongly associated with the color indicators. Finally, anti-thrombotic analysis was used to evaluate activity and verify the suitability of the classification basis of safflower based on the color measurements. It was shown that brighter, redder, yellower, more orange–yellow, and more vivid safflowers divided into class I had a higher content of characteristic components and better anti-thrombotic activity. In summary, the presented strategy has potential for quality evaluation of other flower medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Jin Pu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China.
| | - Gui-Sheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xu-Qin Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | | | - Guo-Ping Peng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China.
| | - Ji-Qing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China.
| | - Shu-Lan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Chen S, Ma J, Zhu H, Deng S, Gu M, Qu S. Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell dysfunction. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:685-693. [PMID: 30873871 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119831065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High glucose (HG) induces vascular injury in diabetes. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) has been used to ameliorate ischemic cardiovascular diseases in China for many years. In the present study, we assessed whether HSYA has a potential protective role in HG-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury. Cell viability was determined with an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining assay. The endothelial cell permeability was measured with a permeability assay. Cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor levels were detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was measured with a DCF-DA assay. Protein expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) was measured by Western blotting. Our data indicated that HG increases HUVEC apoptosis, vascular permeability, monocyte adhesion, the level of CAMs, the formation of ROS, and NOX4 expression. Our data revealed that HG increases vascular injury, which is attenuated by HSYA. Because vascular inflammation has a key role in the development of diabetes mellitus, our results implied that HSYA is considered as a potential agent for diabetic vascular injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Ma
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Zhu
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Deng
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Gu
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Qu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
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Lu YY, Song JY, Li Y, Meng YQ, Zhao MB, Jiang Y, Tu PF, Guo XY. Comparative Study on Excretive Characterization of Main Components in Herb Pair Notoginseng-Safflower and Single Herbs by LC⁻MS/MS. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040241. [PMID: 30453699 PMCID: PMC6321168 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The herbal medicine combination of notoginseng-safflower has been commonly used clinically for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of six bioactive components (hydroxysafflor yellow A, notoginsenoide R1, ginsenoside Rb1, Re, Rd, and Rg1) in rat urine and feces after oral administration of notoginseng total saponins (NS), safflower total flavonoids (SF), and the combination of NS and SF (CNS). The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters HSS T3 column under gradient elution with acetonitrile and water containing formic acid as the mobile phase. The calibration curves were linear, with correlation coefficient (r) > 0.99 for six components. The intra- and interday precision (RSD) and accuracy (RE) of QC samples were within −14.9% and 14.9%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to study of the urinary and fecal excretion of six bioactive constituents following oral administration of NS, SF, and CNS in rats. Compared to the single herb, the cumulative excretion ratios of six constituents were decreased in the herbal combination. The study indicated that the combination of notoginseng and safflower could reduce the renal and fecal excretion of the major bioactive constituents and promote their absorption in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yuan Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jin-Yang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yu-Qing Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ming-Bo Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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50
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Hydroxysafflor Yellow A: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for a Broad Spectrum of Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8259280. [PMID: 30356354 PMCID: PMC6176289 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8259280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is one of the major bioactive and water-soluble compounds isolated from Carthami Flos, the flower of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). As a natural pigment with favorable medical use, HSYA has gained extensive attention due to broad and effective pharmacological activities since first isolation in 1993. In clinic, the safflor yellow injection which mainly contains about 80% HSYA was approved by the China State Food and Drug Administration and used to treat cardiac diseases such as angina pectoris. In basic pharmacology, HSYA has been proved to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological effects that include, but not limited to, cardiovascular effect, neuroprotection, liver and lung protection, antitumor activity, metabolism regulation, and endothelium cell protection. Although a great number of studies have been carried out to prove the pharmacological effects and corresponding mechanisms of HYSA, a systemic review of HYSA has not yet been seen. Here, we provide a comprehensive summarization of the pharmacological effects of HYSA. Together with special attention to mechanisms of actions, this review can serve as the basis for further researches and developments of this medicinal compound.
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