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Studley WR, Lamanna E, Martin KA, Nold-Petry CA, Royce SG, Woodman OL, Ritchie RH, Qin CX, Bourke JE. The small-molecule formyl peptide receptor biased agonist, compound 17b, is a vasodilator and anti-inflammatory in mouse precision-cut lung slices. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2287-2301. [PMID: 37658546 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a rare fatal disorder characterised by inflammation, vascular remodelling and vasoconstriction. Current vasodilator therapies reduce pulmonary arterial pressure but not mortality. The G-protein coupled formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) mediates vasodilatation and resolution of inflammation, actions possibly beneficial in PAH. We investigated dilator and anti-inflammatory effects of the FPR biased agonist compound 17b in pulmonary vasculature using mouse precision-cut lung slices (PCLS). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PCLS from 8-week-old male and female C57BL/6 mice, intrapulmonary arteries were pre-contracted with 5-HT for concentration-response curves to compound 17b and 43, and standard-of-care drugs, sildenafil, iloprost and riociguat. Compound 17b-mediated relaxation was assessed with FPR antagonists or inhibitors and in PCLS treated with TNF-α or LPS. Cytokine release from TNF-α- or LPS-treated PCLS ± compound 17b was measured. KEY RESULTS Compound 17b elicited concentration-dependent vasodilation, with potencies of iloprost > compound 17b = riociguat > compound 43 = sildenafil. Compound 17b was inhibited by the FPR1 antagonist cyclosporin H but not by soluble guanylate cyclase, nitric oxide synthase or cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Under inflammatory conditions, the efficacy and potency of compound 17b were maintained, while iloprost and sildenafil were less effective. Additionally, compound 17b inhibited secretion of PAH-relevant cytokines via FPR2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Vasodilation to compound 17b but not standard-of-care vasodilators, is maintained under inflammatory conditions, with additional inhibition of PAH-relevant cytokine release. This provides the first evidence that targeting FPR, with biased agonist, simultaneously targets vascular function and inflammation, supporting the development of FPR-based pharmacotherapy to treat PAH. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Studley
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Lamanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine A Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia A Nold-Petry
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon G Royce
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane E Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Yi X, Tran E, Odiba JO, Qin CX, Ritchie RH, Baell JB. The formyl peptide receptors FPR1 and FPR2 as targets for inflammatory disorders: recent advances in the development of small-molecule agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:115989. [PMID: 38199163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) comprise a class of chemoattractant pattern recognition receptors, for which several physiological functions like host-defences, as well as the regulation of inflammatory responses, have been ascribed. With accumulating evidence that agonism of FPR1/FPR2 can confer pro-resolution of inflammation, increased attention from academia and industry has led to the discovery of new and interesting small-molecule FPR1/FPR2 agonists. Focused attention on the development of appropriate physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles is yielding synthesis of new compounds with promising in vivo readouts. This review presents an overview of small-molecule FPR1/FPR2 agonist medicinal chemistry developed over the past 20 years, with a particular emphasis on interrogation in the increasingly sophisticated bioassays which have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Yi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Eric Tran
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Jephthah O Odiba
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
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3
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Prevete N, Poto R, Marone G, Varricchi G. Unleashing the power of formyl peptide receptor 2 in cardiovascular disease. Cytokine 2023; 169:156298. [PMID: 37454543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
N-formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors with a wide distribution in immune and non-immune cells, recognizing N-formyl peptides from bacterial and mitochondrial origin and several endogenous signals. Three FPRs have been identified in humans: FPR1, FPR2, and FPR3. Most FPR ligands can activate a pro-inflammatory response, while a limited group of FPR agonists can elicit anti-inflammatory and homeostatic responses. Annexin A1 (AnxA1), a glucocorticoid-induced protein, its N-terminal peptide Ac2-26, and lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoid mediator, exert significant immunomodulatory effects by interacting with FPR2 and/or FPR1. The ability of FPRs to recognize both ligands with pro-inflammatory or inflammation-resolving properties places them in a crucial position in the balance between activation against harmful events and maintaince of tissue integrity. A new field of investigation focused on the role of FPRs in the setting of heart injury. FPRs are expressed on cardiac macrophages, which are the predominant immune cells in the myocardium and play a key role in heart diseases. Several endogenous (AnxA1, LXA4) and synthetic compounds (compound 43, BMS-986235) reduced infarct size and promoted the resolution of inflammation via the activation of FPR2 on cardiac macrophages. Further studies should evaluate FPR2 role in other cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella Prevete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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4
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de Araújo S, de Melo Costa VR, Santos FM, de Sousa CDF, Moreira TP, Gonçalves MR, Félix FB, Queiroz-Junior CM, Campolina-Silva GH, Nogueira ML, Sugimoto MA, Bonilha CS, Perretti M, Souza DG, Costa VV, Teixeira MM. Annexin A1-FPR2/ALX Signaling Axis Regulates Acute Inflammation during Chikungunya Virus Infection. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172717. [PMID: 36078125 PMCID: PMC9454528 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that causes a self-limiting disease usually accompanied by joint pain and/or polyarthralgia with disabling characteristics. Immune responses developed during the acute phase of CHIKV infection determine the rate of disease progression and resolution. Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is involved in both initiating inflammation and preventing over-response, being essential for a balanced end of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of the AnxA1-FPR2/ALX pathway during CHIKV infection. Genetic deletion of AnxA1 or its receptor enhanced inflammatory responses driven by CHIKV. These knockout mice showed increased neutrophil accumulation and augmented tissue damage at the site of infection compared with control mice. Conversely, treatment of wild-type animals with the AnxA1 mimetic peptide (Ac2–26) reduced neutrophil accumulation, decreased local concentration of inflammatory mediators and diminished mechanical hypernociception and paw edema induced by CHIKV-infection. Alterations in viral load were mild both in genetic deletion or with treatment. Combined, our data suggest that the AnxA1-FPR2/ALX pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy to control CHIKV-induced acute inflammation and polyarthralgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Araújo
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Victor R. de Melo Costa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Franciele M. Santos
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carla D. Ferreira de Sousa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thaiane P. Moreira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Matheus R. Gonçalves
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Franciel B. Félix
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Celso M. Queiroz-Junior
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriel H. Campolina-Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, CHU de Quebec Research Center (CHUL), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Department of Dermatological, Infections, and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Michelle A. Sugimoto
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Caio S. Bonilha
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mauro Perretti
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Danielle G. Souza
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vivian V. Costa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (V.V.C.); (M.M.T.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-3082 (V.V.C.); +55-31-3409-2651 (M.M.T.)
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (V.V.C.); (M.M.T.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-3082 (V.V.C.); +55-31-3409-2651 (M.M.T.)
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5
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Zhuang Y, Wang L, Guo J, Sun D, Wang Y, Liu W, Xu HE, Zhang C. Molecular recognition of formylpeptides and diverse agonists by the formylpeptide receptors FPR1 and FPR2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1054. [PMID: 35217703 PMCID: PMC8881469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) mediate pattern recognition of formylated peptides derived from invading pathogens or mitochondria from dead host cells. They can also sense other structurally distinct native peptides and even lipid mediators to either promote or resolve inflammation. Pharmacological targeting of FPRs represents a novel therapeutic approach in treating inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying FPR ligand recognition are elusive. We report cryo-EM structures of Gi-coupled FPR1 and FPR2 bound to a formylpeptide and Gi-coupled FPR2 bound to two synthetic peptide and small-molecule agonists. Together with mutagenesis data, our structures reveal the molecular mechanism of formylpeptide recognition by FPRs and structural variations of FPR1 and FPR2 leading to their different ligand preferences. Structural analysis also suggests that diverse FPR agonists sample a conserved activation chamber at the bottom of ligand-binding pockets to activate FPRs. Our results provide a basis for rational drug design on FPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Zhuang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Dapeng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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6
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Lupisella JA, Shirude PS, Wurtz NR, Garcia RA. Formyl peptide receptor 2 and heart disease. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101602. [PMID: 35277300 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor type 2 (FPR2) regulates the initiation and resolution phases of the inflammatory response. In the setting of heart injury and disease, dysregulated inflammation can potentiate maladaptive healing and pathological remodeling of the heart leading to cardiac dysfunction and failure. The potential to regulate and resolve adverse inflammation is postulated to improve outcome in the setting of heart disease. This review covers emerging concepts on the role of FPR2 in heart disease and strategies to activate pro-resolution processes to limit disease progression. We summarize key preclinical studies that support use of FPR2 agonists in heart disease. Finally, we briefly discuss the status of FPR2 agonists under evaluation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Lupisella
- Department of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Nicholas R Wurtz
- Department of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ricardo A Garcia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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7
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Mattila JT, Beaino W, White AG, Nyiranshuti L, Maiello P, Tomko J, Frye LJ, Fillmore D, Scanga CA, Lin PL, Flynn JL, Anderson CJ. Retention of 64Cu-FLFLF, a Formyl Peptide Receptor 1-Specific PET Probe, Correlates with Macrophage and Neutrophil Abundance in Lung Granulomas from Cynomolgus Macaques. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2264-2276. [PMID: 34255474 PMCID: PMC8744071 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation correlates with severe tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Granulomas are lesions that form in TB, and a PET probe for following neutrophil recruitment to granulomas could predict disease progression. We tested the formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1)-targeting peptide FLFLF in Mtb-infected macaques. Preliminary studies in mice demonstrated specificity for neutrophils. In macaques, 64Cu-FLFLF was retained in lung granulomas and analysis of lung granulomas identified positive correlations between 64Cu-FLFLF and neutrophil and macrophage numbers (R2 = 0.8681 and 0.7643, respectively), and weaker correlations for T cells and B cells (R2 = 0.5744 and 0.5908, respectively), suggesting that multiple cell types drive 64Cu-FLFLF avidity. By PET/CT imaging, we found that granulomas retained 64Cu-FLFLF but with less avidity than the glucose analog 18F-FDG. These studies suggest that neutrophil-specific probes have potential PET/CT applications in TB, but important issues need to be addressed before they can be used in nonhuman primates and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15260, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15260, United States
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15260, United States
| | - Lea Nyiranshuti
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15260, United States
| | - Jaime Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15260, United States
| | - L James Frye
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15260, United States
| | - Daniel Fillmore
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15260, United States
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15260, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15260, United States
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15260, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15260, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States
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The anti-inflammatory effect of ε-viniferin by specifically targeting formyl peptide receptor 1 on human neutrophils. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109490. [PMID: 34144024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The uncontrol respiratory burst in neutrophils can lead to inflammation and tissue damage. This study investigates the effect and the underlying mechanism of ε-viniferin, a lignan from the root of Vitis thunbergii var. thunbergii, inhibits N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (fMLP) induced respiratory burst by antagonizing formyl peptide receptor 1 in human neutrophils. Briefly, ε-viniferin specifically inhibited fMLP (0.1 μM: formyl peptide receptor 1 agonist or 1 μM: formyl peptide receptor 1, 2 agonist)-induced superoxide anion production in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 2.30 ± 0.96 or 9.80 ± 0.21 μM, respectively) without affecting this induced by formyl peptide receptor 2 agonist (WKYMVM). ε-viniferin inhibited fMLP (0.1 μM)-induced phosphorylation of ERK, Akt, Src or intracellular calcium mobilization without affecting these caused by WKYMVM. The synergistic suppression of fMLP (1 μM)-induced superoxide anion production was observed only in the combination of ε-viniferin and formyl peptide receptor 2 antagonist (WRW4) but not in combination of ε-viniferin and formyl peptide receptor 1 antagonist (cyclosporine H). ε-viniferin inhibited FITC-fMLP binding to formyl peptide receptors. Moreover, the synergistic suppression of FITC-fMLP binding was observation only in the combination of ε-viniferin and WRW4 but not in other combinations. ATPγS induced superoxide anion production through formyl peptide receptor 1 in fMLP desensitized neutrophils and this effect was inhibited by ε-viniferin. The concentration-response curve of fMLP-induced superoxide anion was not parallel shifted by ε-viniferin. Furthermore, the inhibiting effect of ε-viniferin on fMLP-induced superoxide anion production was reversible. These results suggest that ε-viniferin is an antagonist of formyl peptide receptor 1 in a reversible and non-competitive manner.
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9
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Boltersdorf T, Gavins FNE, Long NJ. Long-lived lanthanide emission via a pH-sensitive and switchable LRET complex. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8740-8745. [PMID: 34257873 PMCID: PMC8246121 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01503f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide-based luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) can be used as a tool to enhance lanthanide emission for time-resolved cellular imaging applications. By shortening lanthanide emission lifetimes whilst providing an alternative radiative pathway to the formally forbidden, weak lanthanide-only emission, the photon flux of such systems is increased. With this aim in mind, we investigated energy transfer in differently spaced donor–acceptor terbium–rhodamine pairs with the LRET “on” (low pH) and LRET “off” (high pH). Results informed the design, preparation and characterisation of a compound containing terbium, a spectrally-matched pH-responsive fluorophore and a receptor-targeting group. By combining these elements, we observed switchable LRET, where the targeting group sensitises lanthanide emission, resulting in an energy transfer to the rhodamine dye with an efficiency of E = 0.53. This strategy can be used to increase lanthanide emission rates for brighter optical probes. A pH-sensitive luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) was explored as a method to increase photon flux in a terbium-rhodamine-receptor targeting group construct. At low pH, long-lived dye emission and shorter terbium lifetimes were observed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Boltersdorf
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Felicity N E Gavins
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London Uxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH UK
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub London W12 0BZ UK
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10
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The Role of Formyl Peptide Receptors in Permanent and Low-Grade Inflammation: Helicobacter pylori Infection as a Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073706. [PMID: 33918194 PMCID: PMC8038163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), belonging to the chemoattractant G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family. They play a key role in the innate immune system, regulating both the initiation and the resolution of the inflammatory response. FPRs were originally identified as receptors with high binding affinity for bacteria or mitochondria N-formylated peptides. However, they can also bind a variety of structurally different ligands. Among FPRs, formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) is the most versatile, recognizing N-formyl peptides, non-formylated peptides, and synthetic molecules. In addition, according to the ligand nature, FPRL1 can mediate either pro- or anti-inflammatory responses. Hp(2-20), a Helicobacter pylori-derived, non-formylated peptide, is a potent FPRL1 agonist, participating in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation, thus contributing to the related site or not-site specific diseases. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the role of FPRs in H. pylori-associated chronic inflammation, which suggests this receptor as potential target to mitigate both microbial and sterile inflammatory diseases.
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Recent advances in the design and development of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) agonists as pro-resolving agents with diverse therapeutic potential. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113167. [PMID: 33486199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions the initiation, duration and amplitude of inflammatory responses are tightly regulated to ensure the restoration of homeostasis. The resolution of inflammation in these circumstances is dictated by responses to endogenously generated mediators. Mimicry of such mediators underpins the principle of promoting the resolution of inflammation in treating inflammatory pathologies. The formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) is a G-protein coupled receptor known to play a crucial role in maintaining host defence and orchestrating the inflammatory process. FPR2/ALX can be activated by a wide range of distinct agonists, including lipids, proteins, peptides, and an array of synthetic small molecule agonists. The focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress made in the development of FPR2/ALX agonists which promote resolution and tissue regeneration.
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Korimová A, Dubový P. N-Formylated Peptide Induces Increased Expression of Both Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (Fpr2) and Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) in Schwannoma Cells-An In Vitro Model for Early Inflammatory Profiling of Schwann Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122661. [PMID: 33322305 PMCID: PMC7763069 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following nerve injury, disintegrated axonal mitochondria distal to the injury site release mitochondrial formylated peptides and DNA that can induce activation and inflammatory profiling of Schwann cells via formyl peptide receptor 2 (Fpr2) and toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), respectively. We studied RT4 schwannoma cells to investigate the regulation of Fpr2 and TLR9 after stimulation with fMLF as a prototypical formylated peptide. RT4 cells were treated with fMLF at various concentrations and times with and without pretreatment with inhibitors (chloroquine for activated TLR9, PBP10 for Fpr2). Western blots of Fpr2, TLR9, p-p38, p-NFκB, and IL-6 were compared in relation to inflammatory profiling of RT4 cells and chemokine receptors (CCR2, CXCR4) as potential co-receptors of Fpr2. fMLF stimulation upregulated Fpr2 in RT4 cells at low concentrations (10 nM and 100 nM) but higher concentrations were required (10 µM and 50 µM) when the cells were pretreated with an activated TLR9 inhibitor. Moreover, the higher concentrations of fMLF could modulate TLR9 and inflammatory markers. Upregulation of Fpr2 triggered by 10 nM and 100 nM fMLF coincided with higher levels of chemokine receptors (CCR2, CXCR4) and PKCβ. Treating RT4 cells with fMLF, as an in vitro model of Schwann cells, uncovered Schwann cells’ complex responses to molecular patterns of release from injured axonal mitochondria.
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Receptors for pro-resolving mediators as a therapeutic tool for smooth muscle remodeling-associated disorders. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105340. [PMID: 33276103 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory airway, blood vessel and intestinal wall remodeling, in which smooth muscle remodeling plays a major role, is a key pathological event underlying the development of several associated diseases, including asthma, cardiovascular disorders (e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension, and aneurism formation), and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the mechanisms underlying these remodeling processes remain poorly understood. We hypothesize that the creation of chronic inflammation-mediated networks that support and exacerbate the airway, as well as vascular and intestinal wall remodeling, is a crucial pathogenic mechanism governing the development of the associated diseases. The failed inflammation resolution might be one of the causal pathogenic mechanisms. Hence, it is reasonable to assume that applying specialized, pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), acting via cognate G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), could potentially be an effective pathway for treating these disorders. However, several obstacles, such as poor understanding of the SPM/receptor signaling pathways, SMP rapid inactivation as well as their complex and costly synthesis, limit their translational potential. In this connection, stable, small-molecule SPM mimetics and receptor agonists have emerged as new, potentially suitable drugs. It has been recently shown in preclinical studies that they can effectively attenuate the manifestations of asthma, atherosclerosis and Crohn's disease. Remarkably, some biased SPM receptor agonists, which cause a signaling response in the desired inflammation pro-resolving direction, revealed similar beneficial effects. These encouraging observations suggest that SPM mimetics and receptor agonists can be applied as a novel approach for the treatment of various chronic inflammation conditions, including airway, vascular and intestinal wall remodeling-associated disorders.
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WD40 Repeat Protein 26 Negatively Regulates Formyl Peptide Receptor-1 Mediated Wound Healing in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2029-2038. [PMID: 32958140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N-formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) serve as phagocyte pattern-recognition receptors that play a crucial role in the regulation of host defense against infection. Epithelial cells also express FPRs, and their activation during inflammation or injury results in enhanced epithelial migration and proliferation and improved mucosal wound repair. However, signaling mechanisms that govern epithelial FPR1 activity are not well understood. This study identified a novel FPR1-interacting protein, WD40 repeat protein (WDR)-26, which negatively regulates FPR1-mediated wound healing in intestinal epithelial cells. We show that WDR26-mediated inhibition of wound repair is mediated through the inhibition of Rac family small GTPase 1 and cell division cycle 42 activation, as well as downstream intracellular reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, on FPR1 activation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine, WDR26 dissociates from FPR1, resulting in the activation of downstream cell division cycle 42/Rac family small GTPase 1 signaling, increased epithelial cell migration, and mucosal wound repair. These findings elucidate a novel regulatory function of WDR26 in FPR1-mediated wound healing in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Schmitz Nunes V, Rogério AP, Abrahão O. Insights into the Activation Mechanism of the ALX/FPR2 Receptor. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8952-8957. [PMID: 33030905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The formyl peptide receptor 2 (ALX/FPR2), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), plays an important role in host defense and inflammation. This receptor can be driven as pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on its agonist, such as N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys (fMLFK) and resolvin D1 (RvD1) or its aspirin-triggered 17 (R)-epimer, AT-RvD1, respectively. However, the activation mechanism of ALX/FPR2 by pro- and anti-inflammatory agonists remains unclear. In this work, on the basis of molecular dynamics simulations, we evaluated a model of the ALX/FPR2 receptor activation process using two agonists, fMLFK and AT-RvD1, with opposite effects. The simulations by both fMLFK and AT-RvD1 induced the ALX/FPR2 activation through a set of receptor-core residues, in particular, R205, Q258, and W254. In addition, the activation was dependent on the disruption of electrostatic interactions in the cytoplasmic region of the receptor. We also found that in the AT-RvD1 simulations, the position of the H8 helix was similar to that of the same helix in other class-A GPCRs coupled to arrestin. Thus our results shed light on the mechanism of activation of the ALX/FPR2 receptor by pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Schmitz Nunes
- Laboratório de Química Computacional Medicinal, UFTM, Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38015-050, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem Computacional, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P Rogério
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Experimental, UFTM, Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Odonírio Abrahão
- Laboratório de Química Computacional Medicinal, UFTM, Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38015-050, Brazil
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Trojan E, Bryniarska N, Leśkiewicz M, Regulska M, Chamera K, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Leopoldo M, Lacivita E, Basta-Kaim A. The Contribution of Formyl Peptide Receptor Dysfunction to the Course of Neuroinflammation: A Potential Role in the Brain Pathology. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:229-249. [PMID: 31629396 PMCID: PMC7327951 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191019170244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory processes within the central nervous system (CNS) are in part responsible for the development of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. These processes are associated with, among other things, the increased and disturbed activation of microglia and the elevated production of proinflammatory factors. Recent studies indicated that the disruption of the process of resolution of inflammation (RoI) may be the cause of CNS disorders. It is shown that the RoI is regulated by endogenous molecules called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which interact with specific membrane receptors. Some SPMs activate formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), which belong to the family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors take part not only in the proinflammatory response but also in the resolution of the inflammation process. Therefore, the activation of FPRs might have complex consequences. This review discusses the potential role of FPRs, and in particular the role of FPR2 subtype, in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions and their involvement in processes underlying neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders as well as ischemia, the pathogenesis of which involves the dysfunction of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Trojan
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Bryniarska
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Leśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Regulska
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chamera
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
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Zhuang Y, Liu H, Edward Zhou X, Kumar Verma R, de Waal PW, Jang W, Xu TH, Wang L, Meng X, Zhao G, Kang Y, Melcher K, Fan H, Lambert NA, Eric Xu H, Zhang C. Structure of formylpeptide receptor 2-G i complex reveals insights into ligand recognition and signaling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:885. [PMID: 32060286 PMCID: PMC7021761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can recognize formylpeptides derived from pathogens or host cells to function in host defense and cell clearance. In addition, FPRs, especially FPR2, can also recognize other ligands with a large chemical diversity generated at different stages of inflammation to either promote or resolve inflammation in order to maintain a balanced inflammatory response. The mechanism underlying promiscuous ligand recognition and activation of FPRs is not clear. Here we report a cryo-EM structure of FPR2-Gi signaling complex with a peptide agonist. The structure reveals a widely open extracellular region with an amphiphilic environment for ligand binding. Together with computational docking and simulation, the structure suggests a molecular basis for the recognition of formylpeptides and a potential mechanism of receptor activation, and reveals conserved and divergent features in Gi coupling. Our results provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of the functional promiscuity of FPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Zhuang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Heng Liu
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - X Edward Zhou
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Parker W de Waal
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Wonjo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ting-Hai Xu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Xing Meng
- David Van Andel Advanced Cryo-Electron Microscopy Suite, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Gongpu Zhao
- David Van Andel Advanced Cryo-Electron Microscopy Suite, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Yanyong Kang
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Takeda Research, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92130, USA
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Park J, Langmead CJ, Riddy DM. New Advances in Targeting the Resolution of Inflammation: Implications for Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator GPCR Drug Discovery. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:88-106. [PMID: 32259091 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a component of numerous diseases including autoimmune, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cancer. The discovery and characterization of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) critical to the resolution of inflammation, and their cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has led to a significant increase in the understanding of this physiological process. Approximately 20 ligands, including lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, and 6 receptors (FPR2/ALX, GPR32, GPR18, chemerin1, BLT1, and GPR37) have been identified highlighting the complex and multilayered nature of resolution. Therapeutic efforts in targeting these receptors have proved challenging, with very few ligands apparently progressing through to preclinical or clinical development. To date, some knowledge gaps remain in the understanding of how the activation of these receptors, and their downstream signaling, results in efficient resolution via apoptosis, phagocytosis, and efferocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) and macrophages. SPMs bind and activate multiple receptors (ligand poly-pharmacology), while most receptors are activated by multiple ligands (receptor pleiotropy). In addition, allosteric binding sites have been identified signifying the capacity of more than one ligand to bind simultaneously. These fundamental characteristics of SPM receptors enable alternative targeting strategies to be considered, including biased signaling and allosteric modulation. This review describes those ligands and receptors involved in the resolution of inflammation, and highlights the most recent clinical trial results. Furthermore, we describe alternative mechanisms by which these SPM receptors could be targeted, paving the way for the identification of new therapeutics, perhaps with greater efficacy and fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Park
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Darren M Riddy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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The Ovarian Transcriptome of Reproductively Aged Multiparous Mice: Candidate Genes for Ovarian Cancer Protection. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010113. [PMID: 31936467 PMCID: PMC7022285 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In middle-aged women, the decline of ovarian follicle reserve below a critical threshold marks menopause, leading to hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic changes linked to disease. The highest incidence and mortality of sporadic ovarian cancer (OC) occur at post-menopause, while OC risk is reduced by full-term pregnancies during former fertile life. Herein, we investigate how parity history modulates the ovarian transcriptome related to such declining follicle pool and systemic inflammation in reproductively-aged mice. Female C57BL/6 mice were housed under multiparous and virgin (nulliparous) breeding regimens from adulthood until estropause. The ovaries were then subjected to follicle count and transcriptional profiling, while a cytokine panel was determined in the sera. As expected, the follicle number was markedly decreased just by aging. Importantly, a significantly higher count of primordial and total follicles was observed in aged multiparous relative to aged virgin ovaries. Consistently, among the 65 genes of higher expression in aged multiparous ovaries, 27 showed a follicle count-like pattern, 21 had traceable evidence of roles in follicular/oocyte homeostasis, and 7 were transforming-growth factor beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) superfamily members. The remaining genes were enriched in cell chemotaxis and innate-immunity, and resembled the profiles of circulating CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CSF3, and CCL3, chemokines detected at higher levels in aged multiparous mice. We conclude that multiparity during reproductive life promotes the retention of follicle remnants while improving local (ovarian) and systemic immune-innate surveillance in aged female mice. These findings could underlie the mechanisms by which pregnancy promotes the long-term reduced OC risk observed at post-menopause.
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Morse SV, Boltersdorf T, Chan TG, Gavins FNE, Choi JJ, Long NJ. In vivo delivery of a fluorescent FPR2/ALX-targeted probe using focused ultrasound and microbubbles to image activated microglia. RSC Chem Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00140f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted imaging agent labels activated microglia when delivered into the brain with focused ultrasound and microbubbles – a tool to investigate inflammation in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara Boltersdorf
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London
- UK
| | - Tiffany G. Chan
- Department of Bioengineering
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - James J. Choi
- Department of Bioengineering
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - Nicholas J. Long
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London
- UK
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Boltersdorf T, Ansari J, Senchenkova EY, Jiang L, White AJP, Coogan M, Gavins FNE, Long NJ. Development, characterisation and in vitro evaluation of lanthanide-based FPR2/ALX-targeted imaging probes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16764-16775. [PMID: 31674608 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03520f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, preparation and characterisation of three small-molecule, Formyl Peptide Receptor (FPR)-targeted lanthanide complexes (Tb·14, Eu·14 and Gd·14). Long-lived, metal-based emission was observed from the terbium complex (τH2O = 1.9 ms), whereas only negligible lanthanide signals were detected in the europium analogue. Ligand-centred emission was investigated using Gd·14 at room temperature and 77 K, leading to the postulation that metal emission may be sensitised via a ligand-based charge transfer state of the targeting Quin C1 unit. Comparatively high longitudinal relaxivity values (r1) for octadentate metal complexes of Gd·14 were determined (6.9 mM-1 s-1 at 400 MHz and 294 K), which could be a result of a relative increase in twisted square antiprism (TSAP) isomer prevalence compared to typical DOTA constructs (as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy). In vitro validation of concentration responses of Tb·14via three key neutrophil functional assays demonstrated that the inflammatory responses of neutrophils (i.e. chemotaxis, transmigration and granular release) remained unchanged in the presence of specific concentrations of the compound. Using a time-resolved microscopy set-up we were able to observe binding of the Tb·14 probe to stimulated human neutrophils around the cell periphery, while in the same experiment with un-activated neutrophils, no metal-based signals were detected. Our results demonstrate the utility of Tb·14 for time-resolved microscopy with lifetimes several orders of magnitude longer than autofluorescent signals and a preferential uptake in stimulated neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Boltersdorf
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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The uPAR System as a Potential Therapeutic Target in the Diseased Eye. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080925. [PMID: 31426601 PMCID: PMC6721659 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of vascular networks is characteristic of eye diseases associated with retinal cell degeneration and visual loss. Visual impairment is also the consequence of photoreceptor degeneration in inherited eye diseases with a major inflammatory component, but without angiogenic profile. Among the pathways with high impact on vascular/degenerative diseases of the eye, a central role is played by a system formed by the ligand urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPAR. The uPAR system, although extensively investigated in tumors, still remains a key issue in vascular diseases of the eye and even less studied in inherited retinal pathologies such as retinitis pigmantosa (RP). Its spectrum of action has been extended far beyond a classical pro-angiogenic function and has emerged as a central actor in inflammation. Preclinical studies in more prevalent eye diseases characterized by neovascular formation, as in retinopathy of prematurity, wet macular degeneration and rubeosis iridis or vasopermeability excess as in diabetic retinopathy, suggest a critical role of increased uPAR signaling indicating the potentiality of its modulation to counteract neovessel formation and microvascular dysfunction. The additional observation that the uPAR system plays a major role in RP by limiting the inflammatory cascade triggered by rod degeneration rises further questions about its role in the diseased eye.
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van der Vorst EPC, Peters LJF, Müller M, Gencer S, Yan Y, Weber C, Döring Y. G-Protein Coupled Receptor Targeting on Myeloid Cells in Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:531. [PMID: 31191301 PMCID: PMC6540917 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of the majority of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is a lipid-driven, inflammatory disease of the large arteries. Gold standard therapy with statins and the more recently developed proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have improved health conditions among CVD patients by lowering low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Nevertheless, a substantial part of these patients is still suffering and it seems that 'just' lipid lowering is insufficient. The results of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) have now proven that inflammation is a key driver of atherosclerosis and that targeting inflammation improves CVD outcomes. Therefore, the identification of novel drug targets and development of novel therapeutics that block atherosclerosis-specific inflammatory pathways have to be promoted. The inflammatory processes in atherosclerosis are facilitated by a network of immune cells and their subsequent responses. Cell networking is orchestrated by various (inflammatory) mediators which interact, bind and induce signaling. Over the last years, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) emerged as important players in recognizing these mediators, because of their diverse functions in steady state but also and specifically during chronic inflammatory processes - such as atherosclerosis. In this review, we will therefore highlight a selection of these receptors or receptor sub-families mainly expressed on myeloid cells and their role in atherosclerosis. More specifically, we will focus on chemokine receptors, both classical and atypical, formyl-peptide receptors, the chemerin receptor 23 and the calcium-sensing receptor. When information is available, we will also describe the consequences of their targeting which may hold promising options for future treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research/Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Linsey J. F. Peters
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Madeleine Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Gencer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yi Yan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich, Germany
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24
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Quintans JSS, Shanmugam S, Heimfarth L, Araújo AAS, Almeida JRGDS, Picot L, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Monoterpenes modulating cytokines - A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 123:233-257. [PMID: 30389585 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory response can be driven by cytokine production and is a pivotal target in the management of inflammatory diseases. Monoterpenes have shown that promising profile as agents which reduce the inflammatory process and also modulate the key chemical mediators of inflammation, such as pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The main interest focused on monoterpenes were to develop the analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on monoterpenes that produce anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the release of cytokines, as well as suggesting that which monoterpenoid molecules may be most effective in the treatment of inflammatory disease. Several different inflammatory markers were evaluated as a target of monoterpenes. The proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were found TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 IL-13, IL-17A, IFNγ, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ. Our review found evidence that NF-κB and MAPK signaling are important pathways for the anti-inflammatory action of monoterpenes. We found 24 monoterpenes that modulate the production of cytokines, which appears to be the major pharmacological mechanism these compounds possess in relation to the attenuation of inflammatory response. Despite the compelling evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory effect of monoterpenes, further studies are necessary to fully explore their potential as anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jullyana S S Quintans
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Saravanan Shanmugam
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Jackson R G da S Almeida
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Laurent Picot
- UMRi CNRS 7266 LIENSs, University of La Rochelle, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
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