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Raheem MA, Rahim MA, Gul I, Reyad-Ul-Ferdous M, Zhang CY, Yu D, Pandey V, Du K, Wang R, Han S, Han Y, Qin P. COVID-19: Post infection implications in different age groups, mechanism, diagnosis, effective prevention, treatment, and recommendations. Life Sci 2024:122861. [PMID: 38925222 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious pathogen that predominantly caused the COVID-19 pandemic. The persistent effects of COVID-19 are defined as an inflammatory or host response to the virus that begins four weeks after initial infection and persists for an undetermined length of time. Chronic effects are more harmful than acute ones thus, this review explored the long-term effects of the virus on various human organs, including the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurological, reproductive, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, endocrine, and lymphoid systems and found that SARS-CoV-2 adversely affects these organs of older adults. Regarding diagnosis, the RT-PCR is a gold standard method of diagnosing COVID-19; however, it requires specialized equipment and personnel for performing assays and a long time for results production. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, artificial intelligence employed in imaging and microfluidics technologies is the most promising in diagnosing COVID-19. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies are the most effective treatment for reducing the persistent impacts of COVID-19 by providing immunity to post-COVID-19 patients by reducing cytokine release syndrome, improving the T cell response, and increasing the circulation of activated natural killer and CD8 T cells in blood and tissues, which ultimately reduces fever, nausea, fatigue, and muscle weakness and pain. Vaccines such as inactivated viral, live attenuated viral, protein subunit, viral vectored, mRNA, DNA, or nanoparticle vaccines significantly reduce the adverse long-term virus effects in post-COVID-19 patients; however, no vaccine was reported to provide lifetime protection against COVID-19; consequently, protective measures such as physical separation, mask use, and hand cleansing are promising strategies. This review provides a comprehensive knowledge of the persistent effects of COVID-19 on people of varying ages, as well as diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and future preventative measures against the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akmal Raheem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ajwad Rahim
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ahnui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ijaz Gul
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Md Reyad-Ul-Ferdous
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Runming Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Sanyang Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Yuxing Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China.
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Zendedel E, Tayebi L, Nikbakht M, Hasanzadeh E, Asadpour S. Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of COVID 19. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1055-1071. [PMID: 37815188 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x260032230925052240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are being investigated as a treatment for a novel viral disease owing to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, tissue repair and regeneration characteristics, however, the exact processes are unknown. MSC therapy was found to be effective in lowering immune system overactivation and increasing endogenous healing after SARS-CoV-2 infection by improving the pulmonary microenvironment. Many studies on mesenchymal stem cells have been undertaken concurrently, and we may help speed up the effectiveness of these studies by collecting and statistically analyzing data from them. Based on clinical trial information found on clinicaltrials. gov and on 16 November 2020, which includes 63 clinical trials in the field of patient treatment with COVID-19 using MSCs, according to the trend of increasing studies in this field, and with the help of meta-analysis studies, it is possible to hope that the promise of MSCs will one day be realized. The potential therapeutic applications of MSCs for COVID-19 are investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zendedel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquett University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Mohammad Nikbakht
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Hasanzadeh
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shiva Asadpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Abstract
As a natural function, antibodies defend the host from infected cells and pathogens by recognizing their pathogenic determinants. Antibodies (Abs) gained wide acceptance with an enormous impact on human health and have predominantly captured the arena of bio-therapeutics and bio-diagnostics. The scope of Ab-based biologics is vast, and it is likely to solve many unmet clinical needs in future. The majority of attention is now devoted to developing innovative technologies for manufacturing and engineering Abs, better suited to satisfy human needs. The advent of Ab engineering technologies (AET) led to phenomenal developments leading to the generation of Abs-/Ab-derived molecules with desirable functional properties proportional to their expanding requirements. Evolution brought by AET, from the naturally occurring Ab forms to several advanced Ab formats and derivatives, was much needed as it is of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, numerous advancements in AET have propelled success in therapeutic Ab development, along with the potential for ever-increasing improvements. Unique characteristics of Abs, such as its diversity, specificity, structural integrity and an array of possible applications, together inspire continuous innovation in the field. Overall, the AET could assist in conquer of several limitations of Abs in terms of their applicability in the field of therapeutics, diagnostics and research; AET has so far led to the production of next-generation Abs, which have revolutionized these arenas. Here in this review, we discuss the various distinguished engineering platforms for Ab development and the progress in modern therapeutics by the so-called "next-generation Abs."
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kandari
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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Asadi J, Rasouli MA, Ghaderi E, Roshani D, Mohsenpour B, Moradi Y, Moradi G. Effectiveness of different treatment regimens on patients with COVID-19, hospitalized in Sanandaj hospitals: a retrospective cohort study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:4. [PMID: 36647128 PMCID: PMC9841691 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different drugs have different effects on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different drug regimens on patients with COVID-19, hospitalized in Sanandaj city. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, 660 patients with COVID-19, hospitalized in the Tohid, Kowsar and Besat hospitals located Sanandaj (Kurdistan Province, Iran) were studied from February 2020 to February 2021 with clinical symptoms and positive test results. RESULTS The results of multivariate regression analysis showed the days of hospitalization for patients who had received the drug regimen 2 (Interferons (ReciGen/Ziphron) or Interferon Vectra (lopinavir/ritonavir)) was 1.92 times higher than those who had received the drug regimen 1 (hydroxychloroquine group or a combination of chloroquine and azithromycin) while a significant association was observed (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.16-3.16, P = 0.011). Also, the hospitalization in ICU was longer in patients treated by the drug regimen 2 (Interferons (ReciGen/Ziphron) or Interferon Vectra (lopinavir/ritonavir)) (OR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.80-11.82, P = 0.001), however, drug regimens did not show a significant effect on mortality and use of ventilator in patients (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The study results showed the drug regimens 2 and 5 increased the days of hospitalization and hospitalization in ICU, respectively, while the other drug regimens had no significant effect on mortality and use a ventilator in the studied patients and none of the drug regimens had an effect on reducing mortality compared to other ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Asadi
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aziz Rasouli
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran ,grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ghaderi
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran ,grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Daem Roshani
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran ,grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Behzad Mohsenpour
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ghobad Moradi
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran ,grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Chavda VP, Patel AB, Vora LK, Singla RK, Shah P, Uversky VN, Apostolopoulos V. Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives Containing Nasal Spray and Inhalation Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3658-3670. [PMID: 36284382 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221024124848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major health concern worldwide and has evolved into different variants. SARS-CoV-2 possesses a spike glycoprotein on its envelope that binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor of the host cell via the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the upper respiratory tract. Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus variants change the severity of the diesease and treatment scenarios, repurposing current medicines may provide a quick and appealing method with established safety features. The efficacy and safety of antiviral medicines against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been investigated, and several of them are now undergoing clinical studies. Recently, it has been found that nitric oxide (NO) shows antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 and prevents the virus from binding to a host cell. In addition, NO is a well-known vasodilator and acts as an important coagulation mediator. With the fast-track development of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines, one avenue of research aimed at improving therapeutics is exploring different forms of drug delivery, including intranasal sprays and inhalation therapy. The nasal mucosa is more prone to be the site of infection as it is in more direct contact with the physical environment via air during inhalation and exhalation. Thus, the use of exogenous nasal NO therapy via the intranasal route displays a distinct advantage. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize the relevant actions of NO via the intranasal spray and inhalation delivery, its mechanism of action, and its use in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, India
| | - Aayushi B Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Priyal Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 3030, Australia
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Rezaei Tolzali MM, Noori M, Shokri P, Rahmani S, Khanzadeh S, Nejadghaderi SA, Fazlollahi A, Sullman MJM, Singh K, Kolahi A, Arshi S, Safiri S. Efficacy of tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19: An umbrella review. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2388. [PMID: 36029180 PMCID: PMC9539231 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tocilizumab is an interleukin (IL)-6 receptor inhibitor that has been proposed as a therapeutic agent for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the efficacy of tocilizumab in treating COVID-19, and to provide an overview of all systematic reviews on this topic. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, the Web of Science collection, the Cochrane library, Epistemonikos, and Google Scholar, as well as the medRxiv preprint server. These databases were searched up to 30 September 2021, using the following keywords: 'SARS-CoV-2', 'COVID-19', 'tocilizumab', 'RHPM-1', 'systematic review', and 'meta-analysis'. Studies were included if they were systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis) investigating the efficacy or safety of tocilizumab in confirmed COVID-19 patients. The AMSTAR 2 checklist was used to assess quality of the included articles, while publication bias was examined using Egger's test. A total of 50 eligible systematic reviews were included. The pooled estimates showed significant reductions in clinical failure (risk ratio (RR) 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.61-0.93), deaths (RR 0.78; 95%CI, 0.71-0.85) and the need for mechanical ventilation (RR 0.77; 95%CI, 0.64-0.92) for those receiving tocilizumab compared with the control group. Also, an emerging survival benefit was demonstrated for those who received tocilizumab, over those in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.52; 95%CI, 0.43-0.63). In addition, tocilizumab substantially increased the number of ventilator-free days, compared with the control treatments (weighted mean difference (WMD) 3.38; 95%CI, 0.51-6.25). Furthermore, lymphocyte count (WMD 0.26 × 109 /L; 95%CI, 0.14-0.37), IL-6 (WMD 176.99 pg/mL; 95%CI, 76.34-277.64) and D-dimer (WMD 741.08 ng/mL; 95%CI, 109.42-1372.75) were all significantly elevated in those receiving tocilizumab. However, the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (WMD -30.88 U/L; 95%CI, -51.52, -10.24) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD -104.83 mg/L; 95%CI, -133.21, -76.46) were both significantly lower after treatment with tocilizumab. Tocilizumab treatment reduced the risk of intubation, mortality and the length of hospital stay, without increasing the risk of superimposed infections in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, tocilizumab can be considered an effective therapeutic agent for treating patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Noori
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Urology Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Pourya Shokri
- School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shayan Rahmani
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Network of Immunity in InfectionMalignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | | | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Asra Fazlollahi
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mark J. M. Sullman
- Department of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of NicosiaNicosiaCyprus
- Department of Social SciencesUniversity of NicosiaNicosiaCyprus
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Department of MedicineGriffith UniversitySouthportQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ali‐Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shahnam Arshi
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in AgingAging Research InstituteTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Community MedicineFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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Pharmacotherapy prescribing pattern and outcome for hospitalized patients with severe and critical COVID-19. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
There are many treatment modalities for COVID-19 – with varied outcome. Therefore, authors designed this study to assess prescribing patterns and the clinical outcome for hospitalized patients with severe and critical COVID-19 so as to determine the most effective approach.
Authors conducted a retrospective observational study on 346 adult patients with either severe or critical COVID-19, who were admitted to public hospitals in Al-Najaf city, Iraq from June to September 2020. Patients’ information, medications and outcomes were collected from their medical records in the registered office of the hospital.
A total of 346 patients were enrolled, with a majority of patients being adults above 35 years old and male (70.2%). Most patients (81%) received corticosteroid as dexamethasone, and about 45% of all patients were given convalescent plasma therapy, while a few patients were prescribed antiviral favipiravir (23%) and lopinavir/ritonavir (19%). As supportive care medications, anticoagulant such as enoxaparin was administered to most of the patients (93%) and more than half of all patients received the broad-spectrum antibiotic, meropenem.
The majority of the patients recovered and were discharged alive (66%), however, the in- hospital mortality rate was 26%. Interestingly, patients treated with enoxaparin alone or in combination with hydroxychloroquine were associated with better outcome.
The prescribing pattern of COVID-19 specific medications and supportive care is aligned with guideline recommendations and associated with a beneficial therapeutic outcome.
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Driouich JS, Cochin M, Touret F, Petit PR, Gilles M, Moureau G, Barthélémy K, Laprie C, Wattanakul T, Chotsiri P, Hoglund RM, Tarning J, Fraisse L, Sjö P, Mowbray CE, Escudié F, Scandale I, Chatelain E, de Lamballerie X, Solas C, Nougairède A. Pre-clinical evaluation of antiviral activity of nitazoxanide against SARS-CoV-2. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104148. [PMID: 35834886 PMCID: PMC9271885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To address the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, multiple clinical trials in humans were rapidly started, including those involving an oral treatment by nitazoxanide, despite no or limited pre-clinical evidence of antiviral efficacy. Methods In this work, we present a complete pre-clinical evaluation of the antiviral activity of nitazoxanide against SARS-CoV-2. Findings First, we confirmed the in vitro efficacy of nitazoxanide and tizoxanide (its active metabolite) against SARS-CoV-2. Then, we demonstrated nitazoxanide activity in a reconstructed bronchial human airway epithelium model. In a SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge model in hamsters, oral and intranasal treatment with nitazoxanide failed to impair viral replication in commonly affected organs. We hypothesized that this could be due to insufficient diffusion of the drug into organs of interest. Indeed, our pharmacokinetic study confirmed that concentrations of tizoxanide in organs of interest were always below the in vitro EC50. Interpretation These preclinical results suggest, if directly applicable to humans, that the standard formulation and dosage of nitazoxanide is not effective in providing antiviral therapy for Covid-19. Funding This work was supported by the Fondation de France “call FLASH COVID-19”, project TAMAC, by “Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale” through the REACTing (REsearch and ACTion targeting emerging infectious diseases), by REACTING/ANRS MIE under the agreement No. 21180 (‘Activité des molécules antivirales dans le modèle hamster’), by European Virus Archive Global (EVA 213 GLOBAL) funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 871029 and DNDi under support by the Wellcome Trust Grant ref: 222489/Z/21/Z through the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sélim Driouich
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France.
| | - Maxime Cochin
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Franck Touret
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Paul-Rémi Petit
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Magali Gilles
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Grégory Moureau
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Karine Barthélémy
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | | | - Thanaporn Wattanakul
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Palang Chotsiri
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard M Hoglund
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Tarning
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Fraisse
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sjö
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Fanny Escudié
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Scandale
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Solas
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France; APHM, Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
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Dolk H, Damase‐Michel C, Morris JK, Loane M. COVID-19 in pregnancy-what study designs can we use to assess the risk of congenital anomalies in relation to COVID-19 disease, treatment and vaccination? Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2022; 36:493-507. [PMID: 35234297 PMCID: PMC9115419 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated pregnancy outcome research, but little attention has been given specifically to the risk of congenital anomalies (CA) and first trimester exposures. OBJECTIVES We reviewed the main data sources and study designs used internationally, particularly in Europe, for CA research, and their strengths and limitations for investigating COVID-19 disease, medications and vaccines. POPULATION We classify research designs based on four data sources: a) spontaneous adverse event reporting, where study subjects are positive for both exposure and outcome, b) pregnancy exposure registries, where study subjects are positive for exposure, c) congenital anomaly registries, where study subjects are positive for outcome and d) population healthcare data where the entire population of births is included, irrespective of exposure and outcome. STUDY DESIGN Each data source allows different study designs, including case series, exposed pregnancy cohorts (with external comparator), ecological studies, case-control studies and population cohort studies (with internal comparator). METHODS The quality of data sources for CA studies is reviewed in relation to criteria including diagnostic accuracy of CA data, size of study population, inclusion of terminations of pregnancy for foetal anomaly, inclusion of first trimester COVID-19-related exposures and use of an internal comparator group. Multinational collaboration models are reviewed. RESULTS Pregnancy exposure registries have been the main design for COVID-19 pregnancy studies, but lack detail regarding first trimester exposures relevant to CA, or a suitable comparator group. CA registries present opportunities for improving diagnostic accuracy in COVID-19 research, especially when linked to other data sources. Availability of inpatient hospital medication use in population healthcare data is limited. More use of ongoing mother-baby linkage systems would improve research efficiency. Multinational collaboration delivers statistical power. CONCLUSIONS Challenges and opportunities exist to improve research on CA in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics.
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10
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Wang LG, Wang L. Current Strategies in Treating Cytokine Release Syndrome Triggered by Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Immunotargets Ther 2022; 11:23-35. [PMID: 35611161 PMCID: PMC9124488 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s360151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the treatments and management of the deadly COVID-19 disease have made great progress. The strategies for developing novel treatments against COVID-19 include antiviral small molecule drugs, cell and gene therapies, immunomodulators, neutralizing antibodies, and combination therapies. Among them, immunomodulators are the most studied treatments. The small molecule antiviral drugs and immunoregulators are expected to be effective against viral variants of SARS-CoV-2 as these drugs target either conservative parts of the virus or common pathways of inflammation. Although the immunoregulators have shown benefits in reducing mortality of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infections, extensive investigations on this class of treatment to launch novel therapies that substantially improve efficacy and reduce side effects are still warranted. Moreover, great challenges have emerged as the SARS-CoV-2 virus quickly, frequently, and continuously evolved. This review provides an update and summarizes the recent advances in the treatment of COVID-19 and in particular emphasized the strategies in managing CRS triggered by SARS-CoV-2. A brief perspective in the battle against the deadly disease was also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long G Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Natrogen Therapeutics International, Inc., Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Luxi Wang
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinipace Clinical Research, Morrisville, NC, USA
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11
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Chavda VP, Kapadia C, Soni S, Prajapati R, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM, Apostolopoulos V. A global picture: therapeutic perspectives for COVID-19. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:351-371. [PMID: 35187954 PMCID: PMC8884157 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a lethal virus outbreak by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has severely affected human lives and the global economy. The most vital part of the research and development of therapeutic agents is to design drug products to manage COVID-19 efficiently. Numerous attempts have been in place to determine the optimal drug dose and combination of drugs to treat the disease on a global scale. This article documents the information available on SARS-CoV-2 and its life cycle, which will aid in the development of the potential treatment options. A consolidated summary of several natural and repurposed drugs to manage COVID-19 is depicted with summary of current vaccine development. People with high age, comorbity and concomitant illnesses such as overweight, metabolic disorders, pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, renal failure, fatty liver and neoplastic disorders are more prone to create serious COVID-19 and its consequences. This article also presents an overview of post-COVID-19 complications in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, K B Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidhyalaya, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382023, India
| | - Carron Kapadia
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Shailvi Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Riddhi Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia
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12
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Chavda VP, Kapadia C, Soni S, Prajapati R, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM, Apostolopoulos V. A global picture: therapeutic perspectives for COVID-19. Immunotherapy 2022. [PMID: 35187954 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0168.10.2217/imt-2021-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a lethal virus outbreak by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has severely affected human lives and the global economy. The most vital part of the research and development of therapeutic agents is to design drug products to manage COVID-19 efficiently. Numerous attempts have been in place to determine the optimal drug dose and combination of drugs to treat the disease on a global scale. This article documents the information available on SARS-CoV-2 and its life cycle, which will aid in the development of the potential treatment options. A consolidated summary of several natural and repurposed drugs to manage COVID-19 is depicted with summary of current vaccine development. People with high age, comorbity and concomitant illnesses such as overweight, metabolic disorders, pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, renal failure, fatty liver and neoplastic disorders are more prone to create serious COVID-19 and its consequences. This article also presents an overview of post-COVID-19 complications in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, K B Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidhyalaya, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382023, India
| | - Carron Kapadia
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Shailvi Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Riddhi Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia
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13
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Banerjee S, Banerjee D, Singh A, Saharan VA. A Comprehensive Investigation Regarding the Differentiation of the Procurable COVID-19 Vaccines. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:95. [PMID: 35314902 PMCID: PMC8936379 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 became a serious threat to humankind for the past couple of years. The development of vaccine and its immediate application might be the only to escape from the grasp of this demoniac pandemic. Approximately 343 clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines are ongoing currently, and almost all countries are motivating ongoing researches at warp speed for the development of vaccines against COVID-19. This review explores the progress in the development of the vaccines, their current status of ongoing clinical research, mechanisms, and regulatory approvals. Many pharmaceutical companies are already in the endgame for manufacturing various vaccines of which some are already being marketed across the globe, while others are yet to get approval for marketing. The primary aim of this review is to compare regulatory accepted vaccines in terms of their composition, doses, regulatory status, and efficacy. The study is conducted by grouping into approved and unapproved vaccines for marketing. Different routes of administration of vaccines along with the efficacy of the routes are also presented in the review. A wide range of database and clinical trial data is reviewed for sorting out the information on different vaccines. Unfortunately, many mutations (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, kappa, omicron etc.) of SARS-CoV-2 have attacked people in very short time, which is the great challenge for investigational vaccines. Moreover, some vaccines like Pfizer's BNT162, Oxford's ChAdOx1, Moderna's mRNA-1273, and Bharat Biotech's Covaxin have got regulatory approval in some countries for its distribution which may prove to stand tall against the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Banerjee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debadri Banerjee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikas Anand Saharan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
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14
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SARS-CoV-2 and its Implications for the Human Reproductive System: A Review Article. Nephrourol Mon 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.121459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes dysfunction of vital organs in the body. Concerns about the destructive effect of SARS-CoV-2 on human reproductive tissues and fertility have increased. Evaluation of the possible mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 causes infertility is essential for effective prevention and treatment. This review aims to assess the studies that have been conducted on SARS-CoV-2 impacts on the human reproductive system. Evidence Acquisition: This review study investigated articles indexed in PubMed, Science-Direct, Scopus, and google scholar databases from 2019 to 2021. The Keywords SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, human reproductive system, testis, and ovary were searched in the mentioned databases. Results: The present study assessed the expression of SARS-CoV-2-specific receptors, the presence of the virus in the human reproductive system, and the mechanisms by which this virus can affect human fertility. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2, like other viruses, may indirectly influence the male reproductive system through cytokine storms, inflammation-causing oxidative stress, and its possible complications. The direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive system are also reported. The testis may be a potential target for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on women's reproductive performance is unknown and requires further investigation.
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15
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Abdelazeem B, Awad AK, Elbadawy MA, Manasrah N, Malik B, Yousaf A, Alqasem S, Banour S, Abdelmohsen SM. The effects of curcumin as dietary supplement for patients with COVID-19: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Drug Discov Ther 2022; 16:14-22. [PMID: 35264470 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has been reported regarding the effect of curcumin as a dietary antiviral on patients with COVID-19; however, findings are controversial. Our systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin in patients with COVID-19. Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched to identify only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed curcumin in patients with COVID-19 from inception to September 23, 2021 relevant keywords. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to evaluate the risk of bias. After a critical review of 1,098 search hits, only six RCTs were selected for discussion. A total of 480 patients were included, with 240 amongst the curcumin groups and 240 in the control group. The lymphocyte count was significantly higher in the curcumin group compared to the placebo group. Curcumin was found to decrease the number of T-helper 17 cells, downregulate T-helper-17 cell-related factors, reduce levels of T-helper-17 cell-related cytokines, yet increase the gene expression of Treg transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and decrease T-Box transcription factor 21 (TBX21). Our review revealed that curcumin might have a positive effect on relieving COVID-19 related inflammatory response due to its powerful immune-modulatory effects on cytokines production, T-cell responses, and gene expression. These findings suggest that curcumin confers clinical benefits in patients with COVID-19. However, due to the limited number of the included studies, further high-quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of the curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel Abdelazeem
- McLaren Health Care, Flint, Michigan, USA.,Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ahmed K Awad
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nouraldeen Manasrah
- Detroit Medical Center/Sinai Grace Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bilal Malik
- McLaren Health Care, Flint, Michigan, USA.,Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Amman Yousaf
- McLaren Health Care, Flint, Michigan, USA.,Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah Alqasem
- Jordan university of science and technology, Amman, Jordan
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16
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Shirazi FM, Mirzaei R, Nakhaee S, Nejatian A, Ghafari S, Mehrpour O. Repurposing the drug, ivermectin, in COVID-19: toxicological points of view. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:21. [PMID: 35123559 PMCID: PMC8817475 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world’s population by causing changes in behavior, such as social distancing, masking, restricting people’s movement, and evaluating existing medication as potential therapies. Many pre-existing medications such as tocilizumab, ivermectin, colchicine, interferon, and steroids have been evaluated for being repurposed to use for the treatment of COVID-19. None of these agents have been effective except for steroids and, to a lesser degree, tocilizumab. Ivermectin has been one of the suggested repurposed medications which exhibit an in vitro inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 replication. The most recommended dose of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 is 150–200 µg/kg twice daily. As ivermectin adoption for COVID-19 increased, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning on its use during the pandemic. However, the drug remains of interest to clinicians and has shown some promise in observational studies. This narrative reviews the toxicological profile and some potential therapeutic effects of ivermectin. Based on the current dose recommendation, ivermectin appears to be safe with minimum side effects. However, serious questions remain about the effectiveness of this drug in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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17
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Paul S, Bravo Vázquez LA, Reyes-Pérez PR, Estrada-Meza C, Aponte Alburquerque RA, Pathak S, Banerjee A, Bandyopadhyay A, Chakraborty S, Srivastava A. The role of microRNAs in solving COVID-19 puzzle from infection to therapeutics: A mini-review. Virus Res 2022; 308:198631. [PMID: 34788642 PMCID: PMC8590742 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the major global health concerns is coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though numerous treatments and vaccines to combat this virus are currently under development, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disease are yet to be elucidated to design future therapeutic tools against SARS-CoV-2 variants. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (20-24 nucleotides), non-coding RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Recently, it has been demonstrated that both host and viral-encoded miRNAs are crucial for the successful infection of SARS-CoV-2. For instance, dysregulation of miRNAs that modulate multiple genes expressed in COVID-19 patients with comorbidities (e.g., type 2 diabetes, lung adenocarcinoma, and cerebrovascular disorders) could affect the severity of the disease. Thus, altered expression levels of circulating miRNAs might be helpful to diagnose this illness and forecast whether a COVID-19 patient could develop a severe state of the disease. Besides, researchers have found a number of miRNAs could inhibit the expression of proteins, such as ACE2, TMPRSS2, spike, and Nsp12, involved in the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, miRNAs represent potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this devastating viral disease. Therefore, in this current review, we present the recent discoveries regarding the clinical relevance and biological roles of miRNAs in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Paul
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, CP 76130 Querétaro, México.
| | - Luis Alberto Bravo Vázquez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, CP 76130 Querétaro, México
| | - Paula Roxana Reyes-Pérez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, CP 76130 Querétaro, México
| | - Carolina Estrada-Meza
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, CP 76130 Querétaro, México
| | - Rafael Arturo Aponte Alburquerque
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, CP 76130 Querétaro, México
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines; Reliance Industries Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Samik Chakraborty
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aashish Srivastava
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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18
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Process Mining for Healthcare: Characteristics and Challenges. J Biomed Inform 2022; 127:103994. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2022.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Chibber P, Haq SA, Kumar A, Kumar C, Gupta D, Wazir P, Singh S, Abdullah ST, Singh G. Antiarthritic activity of OA-DHZ; a gastroprotective NF-κB/MAPK/COX inhibitor. Cytokine 2021; 148:155688. [PMID: 34455232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arthritis, a primary autoimmune disorder having a global incidence of 2.03% person/year, is presently being treated by many commercially available drugs that treat symptomatically or improve the disease's clinical state; however, all the therapies pose varying amount of side effects. Therefore, it has become a fundamental need to search for therapeutics that offer better efficacy and safety profile, and the natural or nature-derived products are known for their outstanding performance in this arena. OA-DHZ, known to possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, when explored for its efficacy against arthritis in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model, was found to inhibit paw edema by 34% and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β by 67%, 39%, and 45% respectively when compared to diseased control. It was also able to reduce the inflamed spleen size by 45% and successfully normalized biochemical and hematological changes that followed arthritis. In vitro studies revealed that the underlying mechanism for inhibiting arthritis progression might be due to NF-κB /MAPK pathway modulation. OA-DHZ also showed selective inhibition of COX-2 in vitro while showing gastroprotective effects when evaluated for ulcerogenic and antiulcer potential in vivo. In contrast to the results obtained from in vivo experimentation, there is a disparity in the pharmacokinetic profile of OA-DHZ, where it showed low oral exposure and high clearance rate. OA-DHZ being antiarthritic acting via NF-κB /MAPK/ COX inhibition while showing gastroprotective effects, can be a suitable candidate to be in the drug pipeline and further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chibber
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India.
| | - Syed Assim Haq
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Chetan Kumar
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Divya Gupta
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Priya Wazir
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Surjeet Singh
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Sheikh Tasduq Abdullah
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India.
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20
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Groppa SA, Ciolac D, Duarte C, Garcia C, Gasnaș D, Leahu P, Efremova D, Gasnaș A, Bălănuță T, Mîrzac D, Movila A. Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pathogenicity on the Central Nervous System: Bridging Experimental Probes to Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Interventions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:1-27. [PMID: 34735712 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has dramatically impacted the global healthcare systems, constantly challenging both research and clinical practice. Although it was initially believed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited merely to the respiratory system, emerging evidence indicates that COVID-19 affects multiple other systems including the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, most of the published clinical studies indicate that the confirmed CNS inflammatory manifestations in COVID-19 patients are meningitis, encephalitis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy, acute transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. In addition, the neuroinflammation along with accelerated neurosenescence and susceptible genetic signatures in COVID-19 patients might prime the CNS to neurodegeneration and precipitate the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Thus, this review provides a critical evaluation and interpretive analysis of existing published preclinical as well as clinical studies on the key molecular mechanisms modulating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration induced by the SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the essential age- and gender-dependent impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the CNS of COVID-19 patients are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A Groppa
- Department of Neurology, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Medical Genetics, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Dumitru Ciolac
- Department of Neurology, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Medical Genetics, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Carolina Duarte
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Garcia
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Daniela Gasnaș
- Department of Neurology, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Medical Genetics, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Pavel Leahu
- Department of Neurology, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Medical Genetics, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Daniela Efremova
- Department of Neurology, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Epilepsy, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Alexandru Gasnaș
- Department of Neurology, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Epilepsy, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Tatiana Bălănuță
- Department of Neurology, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Epilepsy, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Daniela Mîrzac
- Department of Neurology, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA. .,Institute of Neuro Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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21
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Synthesis under microwaves irradiation, structure elucidation, docking study for inhibiting COVID-19 and DFT calculations of novel azoles incorporated indole moiety. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Since the past year, the fast spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has represented a global health threat, especially for cancer patients, that has required an urgent reorganization of clinical activities. Here, we will critically revise the profound impact that the pandemic has generated in lung cancer patients, as well the most significant challenges that oncologists have to face to maintain the highest possible standards in the management of lung cancer patients in the pandemic era. Recent Findings Evidences suggested a higher susceptibility and mortality of lung cancer patients due to COVID-19. The hard management of this patient population has been also due to the potential cross interference of anti-tumor drugs on SARS-Cov-2 infection and to the differential diagnosis between COVID-19 pneumonitis and drug-related pneumonitis. Summary COVID-19 pandemic has generated a profound reshaping of oncological activities and the development of recommendations by the oncology scientific community to prioritize anti-tumor treatments for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Calabrò
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy. .,EPigenetic Immune-Oncology Consortium Airc (EPICA), Viale Mario Bracci, 16; 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giulia Rossi
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessia Covre
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy.,EPigenetic Immune-Oncology Consortium Airc (EPICA), Viale Mario Bracci, 16; 53100, Siena, Italy.,University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Michele Maio
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy.,EPigenetic Immune-Oncology Consortium Airc (EPICA), Viale Mario Bracci, 16; 53100, Siena, Italy.,University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione NIBIT Onlus, Siena, Italy
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23
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Vidaeff AC, Aagaard KM, Belfort MA. Antenatal corticosteroids in COVID-19 perspective. World J Exp Med 2021; 11:37-43. [PMID: 34616665 PMCID: PMC8462011 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v11.i4.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this manuscript is to discuss the practice of antenatal corticosteroids administration for fetal maturation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive pregnant women. Recent high-quality evidence supports the use of dexamethasone in the treatment of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Randomized disease outcome data have identified an association between disease stage and treatment outcome. In contrast to patients with more severe forms who benefit from dexamethasone, patients with mild disease do not appear to improve and may even be harmed by this treatment. Therefore, indiscriminate usage of fluorinated corticosteroids for fetal maturation, regardless of disease trajectory, is unadvisable. Obstetrical care needs to be adjusted during the COVID-19 pandemic with careful attention paid to candidate selection and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Vidaeff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Michael A Belfort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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24
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Melgaço JG, Azamor T, Silva AMV, Linhares JHR, dos Santos TP, Mendes YS, de Lima SMB, Fernandes CB, da Silva J, de Souza AF, Tubarão LN, Brito e Cunha D, Pereira TBS, Menezes CEL, Miranda MD, Matos AR, Caetano BC, Martins JSCC, Calvo TL, Rodrigues NF, Sacramento CQ, Siqueira MM, Moraes MO, Missailidis S, Neves PCC, Ano Bom APD. Two-Step In Vitro Model to Evaluate the Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2. Cells 2021; 10:2206. [PMID: 34571855 PMCID: PMC8465121 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular immune response plays an important role in COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. This feature makes use of in vitro models' useful tools to evaluate vaccines and biopharmaceutical effects. Here, we developed a two-step model to evaluate the cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced or spike protein stimulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both unexposed and COVID-19 (primo-infected) individuals (Step1). Moreover, the supernatants of these cultures were used to evaluate its effects on lung cell lines (A549) (Step2). When PBMC from the unexposed were infected by SARS-CoV-2, cytotoxic natural killer and nonclassical monocytes expressing inflammatory cytokines genes were raised. The supernatant of these cells can induce apoptosis of A549 cells (mock vs. Step2 [mean]: 6.4% × 17.7%). Meanwhile, PBMCs from primo-infected presented their memory CD4+ T cells activated with a high production of IFNG and antiviral genes. Supernatant from past COVID-19 subjects contributed to reduce apoptosis (mock vs. Step2 [ratio]: 7.2 × 1.4) and to elevate the antiviral activity (iNOS) of A549 cells (mock vs. Step2 [mean]: 31.5% × 55.7%). Our findings showed features of immune primary cells and lung cell lines response after SARS-CoV-2 or spike protein stimulation that can be used as an in vitro model to study the immunity effects after SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G. Melgaço
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Tamiris Azamor
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Andréa M. V. Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - José Henrique R. Linhares
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Tiago P. dos Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Ygara S. Mendes
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Sheila M. B. de Lima
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Camilla Bayma Fernandes
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Jane da Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Alessandro F. de Souza
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Luciana N. Tubarão
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Danielle Brito e Cunha
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Tamires B. S. Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Catarina E. L. Menezes
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Milene D. Miranda
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.D.M.); (A.R.M.); (B.C.C.); (J.S.C.C.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Aline R. Matos
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.D.M.); (A.R.M.); (B.C.C.); (J.S.C.C.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Braulia C. Caetano
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.D.M.); (A.R.M.); (B.C.C.); (J.S.C.C.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Jéssica S. C. C. Martins
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.D.M.); (A.R.M.); (B.C.C.); (J.S.C.C.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Thyago L. Calvo
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.L.C.); (M.O.M.)
| | - Natalia F. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (N.F.R.); (C.Q.S.)
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (N.F.R.); (C.Q.S.)
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Marilda M. Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.D.M.); (A.R.M.); (B.C.C.); (J.S.C.C.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Milton O. Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.L.C.); (M.O.M.)
| | - Sotiris Missailidis
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Patrícia C. C. Neves
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Ana Paula D. Ano Bom
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
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25
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Dey M, Singh RK. Possible Therapeutic Potential of Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast in Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19. Pharmacology 2021; 106:469-476. [PMID: 34350893 DOI: 10.1159/000518359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious devastating disease and has posed a global health emergency. So far, there is not any specific therapy approved till date to control the clinical symptoms of the disease. Remdesivir has been approved by the FDA as an emergency clinical therapy. But it may not be effective alone to control the disease as it can only control the viral replication in the host. SUMMARY This article summarizes the possible therapeutic potential and benefits of using montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene 1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonist, to control COVID-19 pathophysiology. Montelukast has shown anti-inflammatory effects, reduced cytokine production, improvement in post-infection cough production and other lung complications. Key Messages: Recent reports clearly indicate a distinct role of CysLT-regulated cytokines and immunological signaling in COVID-19. Thus, montelukast may have a clinical potential to control lung pathology during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangaldeep Dey
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Raebareli, Transit campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Raebareli, Transit campus, Lucknow, India
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26
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Gour A, Manhas D, Bag S, Gorain B, Nandi U. Flavonoids as potential phytotherapeutics to combat cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4258-4283. [PMID: 33786876 PMCID: PMC8250405 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, COVID-19, has become the global panic since December 2019, which urges the global healthcare professionals to identify novel therapeutics to counteract this pandemic. So far, there is no approved treatment available to control this public health issue; however, a few antiviral agents and repurposed drugs support the patients under medical supervision by compromising their adverse effects, especially in emergency conditions. Only a few vaccines have been approved to date. In this context, several plant natural products-based research studies are evidenced to play a crucial role in immunomodulation that can prevent the chances of infection as well as combat the cytokine release storm (CRS) generated during COVID-19 infection. In this present review, we have focused on flavonoids, especially epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, hesperidin, naringenin, quercetin, rutin, luteolin, baicalin, diosmin, ge nistein, biochanin A, and silymarin, which can counteract the virus-mediated elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines leading to multiple organ failure. In addition, a comprehensive discussion on available in silico, in vitro, and in vivo findings with critical analysis has also been evaluated, which might pave the way for further development of phytotherapeutics to identify the potential lead candidatetoward effective and safe management of the SARS-CoV-2 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gour
- PK‐PD, Toxicology and Formulation DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Integrative MedicineJammuIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Diksha Manhas
- PK‐PD, Toxicology and Formulation DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Integrative MedicineJammuIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Swarnendu Bag
- Proteomics DivisionCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesTaylor's UniversitySubang JayaMalaysia
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK‐PD, Toxicology and Formulation DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Integrative MedicineJammuIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
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27
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Alremeithi HM, Alghefli AK, Almadhani R, Baynouna AlKetbi LM. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Toward SARS-COV-2 Infection in the United Arab Emirates Population: An Online Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Public Health 2021; 9:687628. [PMID: 34350152 PMCID: PMC8326444 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.687628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Population's preventive practices and self-isolation is determinantal in the prevention and mitigation. This study explored the adult population's knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 in UAE between the 4th and 14th of April 2020. The study was a community-based, cross-sectional study using a self-administered electronic questionnaire covering five different aspects: demographics, knowledge, practice, attitude, source, and trust of information, and a patient health questionnaire (PHQ-2) for depression screening. Results were analyzed using frequencies, cross-tabulation, and regression analysis. A total of 1,867 people responded to the survey. The mean age of participants was 36.0 years S.D. 10.8. Males were 19.3% and female (80.7%). Knowledge was significantly better in people with higher educational levels (B 0.17, P-value < 0.001), good preventive practice (B 0.12, P-value < 0.001), and higher perceived risk scores (B 0.053, P-value = 0.025). The best practice scores were shown by participants with older age (B 0.097, P-value < 0.05), with good knowledge (B 0.086, P-value < 0.05), were of non-UAE nationalities (B -0.08, P-value < 0.05), with jobs that cannot be practiced from home, military and health care employees (B -0.104, P-value < 0.05), had a personal history of contact with COVID-19 patients (B 0.053, P-value < 0.05), higher educational levels (B 0.052, P-value < 0.05), and a positive attitude toward taking a vaccine (B 0.088, P-value < 0.05). Depression risk was significantly higher in men, non-UAE nationals, in those with lower knowledge scores, and younger ages. The most followed practices were staying home, handwashing, avoiding social gatherings, limiting three people per vehicle, and avoiding public transportation. The least practiced measures were covering the face while sneezing or coughing and wearing masks. Although staying home was reported by 92.5% of participants, 22.6% mentioned that they were visited by more than two people and visited others in 18.4% during the last week. Social media was the source of information for 82.1% of the participants and most trusted doctors and healthcare providers. Depression risk was present in 18.9% of the participants, and most respondents (89%) agreed that SARS-COV-2 infection would be finally be successfully controlled. An encouraging finding is the willingness of two-third of the participants (64.5%) to take the COVID-19 vaccine and if it was developed, although it was very early in the pandemic. Only 14.6% said they would not take the vaccine, and 20.9% were not sure. The obtained results on knowledge and practices, although satisfactory, could be insufficient to prevent this pandemic from being contained. Therefore, we recommend the intensification of awareness programs and good practices. In addition, mental health is an area worth further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamda Musabbah Alremeithi
- Al Ain-AHS Family Medicine Program-Academic Affairs, Abu Dhabi Healthcare Services, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aljazia Khalfan Alghefli
- Al Ain-AHS Family Medicine Program-Academic Affairs, Abu Dhabi Healthcare Services, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rouqyah Almadhani
- Al Ain-AHS Family Medicine Program-Academic Affairs, Abu Dhabi Healthcare Services, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Attia YA, El-Saadony MT, Swelum AA, Qattan SYA, Al-Qurashi AD, Asiry KA, Shafi ME, Elbestawy AR, Gado AR, Khafaga AF, Hussein EOS, Ba-Awadh H, Tiwari R, Dhama K, Alhussaini B, Alyileili SR, El-Tarabily KA, Abd El-Hack ME. COVID-19: pathogenesis, advances in treatment and vaccine development and environmental impact-an updated review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22241-22264. [PMID: 33733422 PMCID: PMC7969349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Diseases negatively impact the environment, causing many health risks and the spread of pollution and hazards. A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a recent respiratory syndrome epidemic in humans. In December 2019, the sudden emergence of this new coronavirus and the subsequent severe disease it causes created a serious global health threat and hazards. This is in contrast to the two aforementioned coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 (in 2002) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus MERS-CoV (in 2012), which were much more easily contained. The World Health Organization (WHO) dubbed this contagious respiratory disease an "epidemic outbreak" in March 2020. More than 80 companies and research institutions worldwide are working together, in cooperation with many governmental agencies, to develop an effective vaccine. To date, six authorized vaccines have been registered. Up till now, no approved drugs and drug scientists are racing from development to clinical trials to find new drugs for COVID-19. Wild animals, such as snakes, bats, and pangolins are the main sources of coronaviruses, as determined by the sequence homology between MERS-CoV and viruses in these animals. Human infection is caused by inhalation of respiratory droplets. To date, the only available treatment protocol for COVID-19 is based on the prevalent clinical signs. This review aims to summarize the current information regarding the origin, evolution, genomic organization, epidemiology, and molecular and cellular characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the diagnostic and treatment approaches for COVID-19 and its impact on global health, environment, and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Attia
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- The Strategic Center to Kingdom Vision Realization, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Shaza Y A Qattan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel D Al-Qurashi
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Asiry
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Gado
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, 22511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt
| | - Elsayed O S Hussein
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Ba-Awadh
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar-243, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 122, India
| | - Bakr Alhussaini
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdualziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem R Alyileili
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Crescioli G, Brilli V, Lanzi C, Burgalassi A, Ieri A, Bonaiuti R, Romano E, Innocenti R, Mannaioni G, Vannacci A, Lombardi N. Adverse drug reactions in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalised patients: a case-series with a focus on drug-drug interactions. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:697-710. [PMID: 33355896 PMCID: PMC7755981 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the need of early and emergency effective treatments for COVID-19, less attention may have been paid to their safety during the global emergency. In addition, characteristics of drug-drug interaction (DDI)-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in COVID-19 patients have not yet been studied in depth. The aim of the present case-series study is to describe clinical and pharmacological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 hospitalised patients, focusing on ADRs, particularly those related to DDIs. We evaluated all reports of COVID-19 medication-related ADRs collected within the COVID-19 Units of Careggi University Hospital, Florence (Italy), between January 1st and 31st May 2020. Information regarding COVID-19 medications, patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, concomitant drugs, ADRs description and outcome, were collected. Each case was evaluated for the causality assessment and to identify the presence of DDIs. During the study period, 23 Caucasian patients (56.5% males, mean age 76.1 years) experienced one or more ADRs. The majority of them were exposed to polypharmacy and 17.4% presented comorbidities. ADRs were referred to cardiovascular, psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders. The most frequently reported preferred term was QT prolongation (mean QT interval 496.1 ms). ADRs improved or resolved completely in 60.8% of cases. For all patients, a case-by-case evaluation revealed the presence of one or more DDIs, especially those related to pharmacokinetic interactions. Despite the small number of patients, our evidence underline the clinical burden of DDIs in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalised patients and the risk of unexpected and uncommon psychiatric ADRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Crescioli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Brilli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Toxicology Unit, Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Lanzi
- Toxicology Unit, Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Burgalassi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Toxicology Unit, Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ieri
- Toxicology Unit, Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Bonaiuti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Joint Laboratory of Technological Solutions for Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacovigilance and Bioinformatics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elias Romano
- Internal Medicine Unit 2, Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Innocenti
- Internal Medicine Unit 2, Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Toxicology Unit, Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alfredo Vannacci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, Florence, Italy
- Joint Laboratory of Technological Solutions for Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacovigilance and Bioinformatics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Lombardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
- Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, Florence, Italy.
- Toxicology Unit, Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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30
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Chilamakuri R, Agarwal S. COVID-19: Characteristics and Therapeutics. Cells 2021; 10:206. [PMID: 33494237 PMCID: PMC7909801 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2), which suddenly emerged in December 2019 is still haunting the entire human race and has affected not only the healthcare system but also the global socioeconomic balances. COVID-19 was quickly designated as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization as there have been about 98.0 million confirmed cases and about 2.0 million confirmed deaths, as of January 2021. Although, our understanding of COVID-19 has significantly increased since its outbreak, and multiple treatment approaches and pharmacological interventions have been tested or are currently under development to mitigate its risk-factors. Recently, some vaccine candidates showed around 95% clinical efficacy, and now receiving emergency use approvals in different countries. US FDA recently approved BNT162 and mRNA-1273 vaccines developed by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Inc. for emergency use and vaccination in the USA. In this review, we present a succinct overview of the SARS-CoV-2 virus structure, molecular mechanisms of infection, COVID-19 epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical manifestations. We also systematize different treatment strategies and clinical trials initiated after the pandemic outbreak, based on viral infection and replication mechanisms. Additionally, we reviewed the novel pharmacological intervention approaches and vaccine development strategies against COVID-19. We speculate that the current pandemic emergency will trigger detailed studies of coronaviruses, their mechanism of infection, development of systematic drug repurposing approaches, and novel drug discoveries for current and future pandemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saurabh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA;
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31
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Lokhande AS, Devarajan PV. A review on possible mechanistic insights of Nitazoxanide for repurposing in COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173748. [PMID: 33227285 PMCID: PMC7678434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought the world to a grinding halt. A major cause of concern is the respiratory distress associated mortality attributed to the cytokine storm. Despite myriad rapidly approved clinical trials with repurposed drugs, and time needed to develop a vaccine, accelerated search for repurposed therapeutics is still ongoing. In this review, we present Nitazoxanide a US-FDA approved antiprotozoal drug, as one such promising candidate. Nitazoxanide which is reported to exert broad-spectrum antiviral activity against various viral infections, revealed good in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture assays, suggesting potential for repurposing in COVID-19. Furthermore, nitazoxanide displays the potential to boost host innate immune responses and thereby tackle the life-threatening cytokine storm. Possibilities of improving lung, as well as multiple organ damage and providing value addition to COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, are other important facets of the drug. The review juxtaposes the role of nitazoxanide in fighting COVID-19 pathogenesis at multiple levels highlighting the great promise the drug exhibits. The in silico data and in vitro efficacy in cell lines confirms the promise of nitazoxanide. Several approved clinical trials world over further substantiate leveraging nitazoxanide for COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Lokhande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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32
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Kumar A, Dey AD, Behl T, Chadha S, Aggarwal V. Exploring the multifocal therapeutic approaches in COVID-19: A ray of hope. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107156. [PMID: 33189613 PMCID: PMC7608010 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is marked as one of the most challenging infectious diseases in the history of mankind with affliction of ~29,737,453 confirmed cases globally. Looking at the present scenario where there is a parallel increment in curve with time, there is an utmost emergency to discover a perennial solution to this life-threatening virus which has led the Human race in an unusual state of affair. The entire health care fraternity is engaged in endeavouring an ultimate way out to hit this pandemic but no such research made till now has been approved yet, to have the potential to bring an end to this fatal situation. Although a few possible treatment choices exist at the moment yet the requirement to search for a still better therapeutic option remains persistent. Global laboratories are working day and night in search for an effective vaccine, many are undergoing clinical trials but their commercialization is no less than a year away. The present review highlights the current potential therapies viz., vaccines, immunotherapies, convulsant plasma therapies, corticosteroids, antithrombotic, intravenous immunoglobulins, nocturnal oxygen therapy etc. that may prove beneficial in attenuating the pandemic situation. However, comparison and presentation of collective data on the therapeutic advancements in mitigating the pandemic situation needs further clinical investigations in order to prove boon to mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Asmita Deka Dey
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Swati Chadha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Aggarwal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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33
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Ng TI, Dorr PK, Krishnan P, Cohen DE, Rhee S, Wang SX, Ruzek MC, Mensa FJ, Kati WM. Biomarkers for the clinical development of antiviral therapies. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2021; 100:19-32. [PMID: 34542933 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the morbidity and mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic that we are witnessing this year, the risks posed by emerging viral diseases to global health are all too obvious. This pandemic highlights the importance of antiviral drug discovery, which targets emerging viral pathogens, as well as existing pathogenic viruses that undergo continuous evolution. Drug discovery and development is a long and resource intensive process; however, the use of biomarkers can accelerate clinical development of antivirals by providing information regarding diagnosis of specific viral infections, status of infection, potential safety parameters, and antiviral responses. In clinical practice, many of the biomarkers initially utilized to support clinical development are also used for patient care. While viral load is a standard and essential biomarker used to detect the desired viral suppression induced by an antiviral agent, it has become apparent that additional biomarkers, whether related to the virus, the host or as a consequence of the drug's mechanistic effects, are also important for monitoring clinical outcomes associated with an antiviral therapy. This review summarizes the biomarkers used in the clinical development (as well as in clinical practice, where appropriate) of antiviral therapies for hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa I Ng
- Virology Drug Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick K Dorr
- General Medicine and Virology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Preethi Krishnan
- Virology Drug Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel E Cohen
- General Medicine and Virology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Susan Rhee
- General Medicine and Virology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stanley X Wang
- General Medicine and Virology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Melanie C Ruzek
- Translational Immunology, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Federico J Mensa
- General Medicine and Virology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Warren M Kati
- Virology Drug Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Miners S, Kehoe PG, Love S. Cognitive impact of COVID-19: looking beyond the short term. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:170. [PMID: 33380345 PMCID: PMC7772800 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease but up to two thirds of hospitalised patients show evidence of central nervous system (CNS) damage, predominantly ischaemic, in some cases haemorrhagic and occasionally encephalitic. It is unclear how much of the ischaemic damage is mediated by direct or inflammatory effects of virus on the CNS vasculature and how much is secondary to extracranial cardiorespiratory disease. Limited data suggest that the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus may enter the CNS via the nasal mucosa and olfactory fibres, or by haematogenous spread, and is capable of infecting endothelial cells, pericytes and probably neurons. Extracranially, SARS-CoV-2 targets endothelial cells and pericytes, causing endothelial cell dysfunction, vascular leakage and immune activation, sometimes leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation. It remains to be confirmed whether endothelial cells and pericytes in the cerebral vasculature are similarly targeted. Several aspects of COVID-19 are likely to impact on cognition. Cerebral white matter is particularly vulnerable to ischaemic damage in COVID-19 and is also critically important for cognitive function. There is accumulating evidence that cerebral hypoperfusion accelerates amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and is linked to tau and TDP-43 pathology, and by inducing phosphorylation of α-synuclein at serine-129, ischaemia may also increase the risk of development of Lewy body disease. Current therapies for COVID-19 are understandably focused on supporting respiratory function, preventing thrombosis and reducing immune activation. Since angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are predicted to increase ACE-2 expression, it was initially feared that their use might exacerbate COVID-19. Recent meta-analyses have instead suggested that these medications are protective. This is perhaps because SARS-CoV-2 entry may deplete ACE-2, tipping the balance towards angiotensin II-ACE-1-mediated classical RAS activation: exacerbating hypoperfusion and promoting inflammation. It may be relevant that APOE ε4 individuals, who seem to be at increased risk of COVID-19, also have lowest ACE-2 activity. COVID-19 is likely to leave an unexpected legacy of long-term neurological complications in a significant number of survivors. Cognitive follow-up of COVID-19 patients will be important, especially in patients who develop cerebrovascular and neurological complications during the acute illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Miners
- Dementia Research Group, Bristol Medical School (THS), University of Bristol, Learning & Research level 1, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, Bristol Medical School (THS), University of Bristol, Learning & Research level 1, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, Bristol Medical School (THS), University of Bristol, Learning & Research level 1, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
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35
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Mamontov E, Cheng Y, Daemen LL, Kolesnikov AI, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Ryder MR, Stone MB. Hydration-Induced Disorder Lowers the Energy Barriers for Methyl Rotation in Drug Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10256-10261. [PMID: 33210927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The thermally activated dynamics of methyl groups are important for biochemical activity as they allow for a more efficient sampling of the energy landscape. Here, we compare methyl rotations in the dry and variously hydrated states of three primary drugs under consideration to treat the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19), namely, hydroxychloroquine and its sulfate, dexamethasone and its sodium diphosphate, and remdesivir. We find that the main driving force behind the considerable reduction in the activation energy for methyl rotations in the hydrated state is the hydration-induced disorder in the methyl group local environments. Furthermore, the activation energy for methyl rotations in the hydration-induced disordered state is much lower than that in an isolated drug molecule, indicating that neither isolated molecules nor periodic crystalline structures can be used to analyze the potential landscape governing the side group dynamics in drug molecules. Instead, only the explicitly considered disordered structures can provide insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Luke L Daemen
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexander I Kolesnikov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Anibal J Ramirez-Cuesta
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Matthew R Ryder
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Matthew B Stone
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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36
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Zhaori G, Lu L, Liu C, Guo Y. Progresses in clinical studies on antiviral therapies for COVID-19-Experience and lessons in design of clinical trials. Pediatr Investig 2020; 4:263-274. [PMID: 33376954 PMCID: PMC7768300 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral therapy with antiviral agents is a very important component of treatment for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is important to clarify how to evaluate efficacy and safety of antiviral agents in treatment of COVID-19 during the pandemic of this disease. We need to answer the following questions: do we still need to use rigorously designed randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs)? Or, will it be enough if we use loosened criteria, observational studies or even retrospective case series and case reports? The answer is "No, we still need to use the strictly designed preferably blinded multicenter RCTs to evaluate the antiviral agents." In this article, we reviewed almost all the RCT reports on monotherapies and combined therapies with antiviral agents for COVID-19, and found that among the reports on monotherapies, only remdesivir, and among combined antiviral agents, only the combined regimen with interferon-β1b, lopinavir-ritonavir and ribavirin were effective and safe based on evidences from RCTs. The results of five RCTs for chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine consistently showed that they were ineffective and unsafe in the treatment of COVID-19, especially at larger doses. Many aspects in the design of the clinical trials may be related to success or failure of a trial and the relevant factors need to be analyzed, discussed and emphasized from the specific requirements and considerations of antiviral therapies. We hope such discussions be of certain use in designing clinical trials for pediatric antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getu Zhaori
- Medical Journal CenterBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Lu Lu
- Medical Journal CenterBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Medical Journal CenterBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryMOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
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Keyhanian K, Umeton RP, Mohit B, Davoudi V, Hajighasemi F, Ghasemi M. SARS-CoV-2 and nervous system: From pathogenesis to clinical manifestation. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 350:577436. [PMID: 33212316 PMCID: PMC7647896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a growing body of evidence indicates that besides common COVID-19 symptoms, patients may develop various neurological manifestations affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as skeletal muscles. These manifestations can occur prior, during and even after the onset of COVID-19 general symptoms. In this Review, we discuss the possible neuroimmunological mechanisms underlying the nervous system and skeletal muscle involvement, and viral triggered neuroimmunological conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2, as well as therapeutic approaches that have been considered for these specific complications worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiandokht Keyhanian
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Raffaella Pizzolato Umeton
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Babak Mohit
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Vahid Davoudi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fatemeh Hajighasemi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Balkrishna A, Solleti SK, Verma S, Varshney A. Application of Humanized Zebrafish Model in the Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induced Pathology by Tri-Herbal Medicine Coronil via Cytokine Modulation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215091. [PMID: 33147850 PMCID: PMC7662214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish has been a reliable model system for studying human viral pathologies. SARS-CoV-2 viral infection has become a global chaos, affecting millions of people. There is an urgent need to contain the pandemic and develop reliable therapies. We report the use of a humanized zebrafish model, xeno-transplanted with human lung epithelial cells, A549, for studying the protective effects of a tri-herbal medicine Coronil. At human relevant doses of 12 and 58 µg/kg, Coronil inhibited SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, induced humanized zebrafish mortality, and rescued from behavioral fever. Morphological and cellular abnormalities along with granulocyte and macrophage accumulation in the swim bladder were restored to normal. Skin hemorrhage, renal cell degeneration, and necrosis were also significantly attenuated by Coronil treatment. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis identified ursolic acid, betulinic acid, withanone, withaferine A, withanoside IV-V, cordifolioside A, magnoflorine, rosmarinic acid, and palmatine as phyto-metabolites present in Coronil. In A549 cells, Coronil attenuated the IL-1β induced IL-6 and TNF-α cytokine secretions, and decreased TNF-α induced NF-κB/AP-1 transcriptional activity. Taken together, we show the disease modifying immunomodulatory properties of Coronil, at human equivalent doses, in rescuing the pathological features induced by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, suggesting its potential use in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siva Kumar Solleti
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sudeep Verma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-13-3424-4107 (ext. 7458)
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Booz GW, Zouein FA. Science unites a troubled world: Lessons from the pandemic. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 890:173696. [PMID: 33130278 PMCID: PMC7598756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
European Journal of Pharmacology has published a special issue entitled Therapeutic targets and pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 that contains more than 30 manuscripts. Scientists from around the world contributed both review articles and original manuscripts that are remarkable in their diversity. Each contribution offers a unique perspective on the current approaches of the discipline called pharmacology. Yet the contributions share an enthusiasm to put forward a fresh viewpoint and make a positive difference by the exchange of ideas during the troubled times of this pandemic. What other enterprise but science can unite so many diverse cultures and nationalities in global uncertainty and discord, and mobilize an effective response against a common enemy. The efforts of science are in stark contrast to those of populism that has introduced division and a self-serving attitude that are not simply ill-matched to tackle the pandemic, but foster its spread and severity. We trust that the readers of European Journal of Pharmacology will discover new ideas and concepts in our special COVID-19 series as members of the scientific community and shared world.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Khare P, Sahu U, Pandey SC, Samant M. Current approaches for target-specific drug discovery using natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Virus Res 2020; 290:198169. [PMID: 32979476 PMCID: PMC7513916 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 remains to affect the whole world. Current remedies for COVID-19 is not satisfactory/available. The therapeutic efficacy of Natural Compounds is well explored in various viral infections. Natural Compounds could be explored as target specific therapeutic agents against COVID-19 infection.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently caused a pandemic outbreak called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease has initially been reported in China and also now it is expeditiously spreading around the globe directly among individuals through coughing and sneezing. Since it is a newly emerging viral disease and obviously there is a lack of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic agents, it is urgently required to develop an effective anti-SARS-CoV-2-agent.Through recent advancements in computational biology and biological assays, several natural compounds and their derivatives have been reported to confirm their target specific antiviral potential against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS-CoV).These targets including an important host cell receptor, i.e., angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE2 and several viral proteins e.g. spike glycoprotein (S) containing S1 and S2 domains, SARS CoV Chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro), papain-like cysteine protease (PLpro), helicases and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Due to physical, chemical, and some genetic similarities of SARS CoV-2 with SARS−COV and MERS−COV, repurposing various anti-SARS−COV or anti-MERS−COV natural therapeutic agents could be helpful for the development of anti−COVID-19 herbal medicine. Here we have summarized various drug targets in SARS−COV and MERS−COV using several natural products and their derivatives, which could guide researchers to design and develop a safe and cost-effective anti-SARS−COV-2 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Khare
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Utkarsha Sahu
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Satish Chandra Pandey
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, SSJ Campus, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Samant
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, SSJ Campus, Almora, Uttarakhand, India.
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