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Yabu H, Yokokura S, Shimizu S. Gold Nanoparticle-Decorated Polymer Particles for High-Optical-Density Immunoassay Probes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:3268-3273. [PMID: 38291580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
To realize a highly sensitive immunoassay, high-optical-density probes conjugated with antibodies for target antigens are needed to increase the detectability of antigen-antibody complex formation. In this work, gold nanoparticle (NP)-decorated polymer (GNDP) particles were successfully prepared by mixing positively charged polymer particles and negatively charged Au NPs. GNDP particles decorated with NPs of 20 nm in size had higher optical density than the original Au NPs and GNDPs decorated with smaller Au NPs. Using GNDP particles as a probe, a highly sensitive immunoassay for influenza H1N1 hemagglutinin was realized with a minimum detectable concentration of 32.5 pg/mL. These results indicate that GNDP particles have high potential as an immunoassay probe that can be used in practical immunoassay systems for detecting a wide variety of antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yabu
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Seiji Yokokura
- Soken Chemical & Engineering Company, Limited, 3-29-5 Takada, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8531, Japan
| | - Seiichi Shimizu
- Soken Chemical & Engineering Company, Limited, 3-29-5 Takada, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8531, Japan
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2
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Garg A, Agrawal R, Chopra H, Singh T, Chaudhary R, Tankara A. A Glance on Nanovaccine: A Potential Approach for Disease Prevention. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1406-1418. [PMID: 37861010 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010254221231006100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
There are several vaccines available for preventing various bacterial and viral infections, but still, there are many challenges that require the development of noninvasive, more efficient, and active vaccines. The advancement in biotechnological tools has provided safer antigens, such as nucleic acids, proteins etc., but due to their lower immunogenic property, adjuvants of stronger immune response are required. Nanovaccines are effective vaccines when compared with conventional vaccines as they can induce both Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and also provide longer immunogenic memory. The nanocarriers used in vaccines act as adjuvant. They provide site-specific delivery of antigens and can be used in conjugation with immunostimulatory molecules for enhancing adjuvant therapy. The nanovaccines avoid degrading cell pathways and provide effective absorption into blood vessels. The higher potential of nanovaccines to treat various diseases, such as acquired immuno deficiency syndrome, cancer, tuberculosis, malaria and many others, along with their immunological mechanisms and different types, have been discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road, P.O Chhatikara, Mathura, 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rutvi Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road, P.O Chhatikara, Mathura, 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himansu Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road, P.O Chhatikara, Mathura, 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Talever Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road, P.O Chhatikara, Mathura, 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramkumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road, P.O Chhatikara, Mathura, 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Tankara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road, P.O Chhatikara, Mathura, 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Zhao Q, Cheng N, Sun X, Yan L, Li W. The application of nanomedicine in clinical settings. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1219054. [PMID: 37441195 PMCID: PMC10335748 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1219054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As nanotechnology develops in the fields of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, information and communication, and medical care, it has shown great promises. In recent years, medical nanorobots have made significant progress in terms of the selection of materials, fabrication methods, driving force sources, and clinical applications, such as nanomedicine. It involves bypassing biological tissues and delivering drugs directly to lesions and target cells using nanorobots, thus increasing concentration. It has also proved useful for monitoring disease progression, complementary diagnosis, and minimally invasive surgery. Also, we examine the development of nanomedicine and its applications in medicine, focusing on the use of nanomedicine in the treatment of various major diseases, including how they are generalized and how they are modified. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary and discussion of current research for the future development in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zhao
- Postdoctoral Programme of Meteria Medica Institute of Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Nuo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuyan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Postdoctoral Programme of Meteria Medica Institute of Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- Postdoctoral Programme of Meteria Medica Institute of Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
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4
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Uskoković V. Lessons from the history of inorganic nanoparticles for inhalable diagnostics and therapeutics. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 315:102903. [PMID: 37084546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory tract is one of the most accessible ones to exogenous nanoparticles, yet drug delivery by their means to it is made extraordinarily challenging because of the plexus of aerodynamic, hemodynamic and biomolecular factors at cellular and extracellular levels that synergistically define the safety and efficacy of this process. Here, the use of inorganic nanoparticles (INPs) for inhalable diagnostics and therapies of the lung is viewed through the prism of the history of studies on the interaction of INPs with the lower respiratory tract. The most conceptually and methodologically innovative and illuminative studies are referred to in the chronological order, as they were reported in the literature, and the trends in the progress of understanding this interaction of immense therapeutic and toxicological significance are being deduced from it. The most outstanding actual trends delineated include the diminishment of toxicity via surface functionalization, cell targeting, tagging and tracking via controlled binding and uptake, hybrid INP treatments, magnetic guidance, combined drug and gene delivery, use as adjuvants in inhalable vaccines, and other. Many of the understudied research directions, which have been accomplished by the nanostructured organic polymers in the pulmonary niche, are discussed. The progress in the use of INPs as inhalable diagnostics or therapeutics has been hampered by their well-recognized inflammatory potential and toxicity in the respiratory tract. However, the annual numbers of methodologically innovative studies have been on the rise throughout the past two decades, suggesting that this is a prolific direction of research, its comparatively poor commercial takings notwithstanding. Still, the lack of consensus on the effects of many INP compositions at low but therapeutically effective doses, the plethora of contradictory reports on ostensibly identical chemical compositions and NP properties, and the many cases of antagonism in combinatorial NP treatments imply that the rational design of inhalable medical devices based on INPs must rely on qualitative principles for the most part and embrace a partially stochastic approach as well. At the same time, the fact that the most studied INPs for pulmonary applications have been those with some of the thickest records of pulmonary toxicity, e.g., carbon, silver, gold, silica and iron oxide, is a silent call for the expansion of the search for new inorganic compositions for use in inhalable therapies to new territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, TardigradeNano LLC, 7 Park Vista, Irvine, CA 92604, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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5
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Moreira L, Guimarães NM, Pereira S, Santos RS, Loureiro JA, Ferreira RM, Figueiredo C, Pereira MC, Azevedo NF. Engineered liposomes to deliver nucleic acid mimics in Escherichia coli. J Control Release 2023; 355:489-500. [PMID: 36775246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) composed of nucleic acid mimics (NAMs) monomers are considered as potential novel therapeutic drugs against bacterial infections. However, bacterial envelopes are generally impermeable to naked oligonucleotides. Herein, liposomes loaded with NAMs-modified oligonucleotides (LipoNAMs) were evaluated to deliver ASOs in Escherichia coli. Specifically, we tested several surface modifications that included methoxyPEG conjugated to different lipid anchors or modification of the PEG distal ends with maleimide groups and antibodies. MethoxyPEG coated LipoNAMs showed low delivery efficiency for most bacteria, but maleimide-functionalized PEG LipoNAMs were able to deliver ASOs to nearly half of the bacterial population. Conjugation of antibodies to maleimide-functionalized PEG LipoNAMs increased 1.3-fold the delivery efficiency, enhancing the selectivity towards E. coli and biocompatibility. This work demonstrated for the first time that the coupling of antibodies to PEGylated liposomes can significantly improve the delivery of ASOs in E. coli, which might bring alternative routes for the treatment of bacterial infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Moreira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno M Guimarães
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita S Santos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana A Loureiro
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Céu Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria C Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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6
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Zafar A, Arshad R, Ur.Rehman A, Ahmed N, Akhtar H. Recent Developments in Oral Delivery of Vaccines Using Nanocarriers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:490. [PMID: 36851367 PMCID: PMC9964829 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As oral administration of vaccines is the preferred route due to its high patient compliance and ability to stimulate both cellular and humoral immune responses, it is also associated with several challenges that include denaturation of vaccine components in the acidic environment of the stomach, degradation from proteolytic enzymes, and poor absorption through the intestinal membrane. To achieve effective delivery of such biomolecules, there is a need to investigate novel strategies of formulation development that can overcome the barriers associated with conventional vaccine delivery systems. Nanoparticles are advanced drug delivery carriers that provide target-oriented delivery by encapsulating vaccine components within them, thus making them stable against unfavorable conditions. This review provides a detailed overview of the different types of nanocarriers and various approaches that can enhance oral vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Zafar
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Raffia Arshad
- Yusra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yusra Medical and Dental College, Islamabad 45730, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ur.Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hashaam Akhtar
- Yusra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yusra Medical and Dental College, Islamabad 45730, Pakistan
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7
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Majumder MAA, Singh K, Johnson WMS, Rajasundaram A, Gupta S, Gaur U, Kumar S, Chatterjee M, Fazle Rabbi AM, Sangishetti VP, Rahman S, Campbell MH, Harewood H, Bharatha A, Krishnamurthy K, Kabir R, Parsa AD, Mohammmad S, Haque M, Razzaque MS. Evaluation of Short-Term Side Effects Following the First Dose of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Physicians and Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study from India. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:161-174. [PMID: 36700174 PMCID: PMC9869700 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s390364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Efficacy and safety are fundamental for the development of successful COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine-associated side effects influence vaccine hesitancy. This study investigated the prevalence, severity, and onset of side effects following the first dose of COVID-19 vaccines among physicians and dentists working in various healthcare settings across India. Methods A cross-sectional survey collected self-report data from April to June 2021 on side effects following the first dose of the vaccine. An online validated questionnaire using the Google Docs® platform was circulated via email and social media platforms. Results More than 40% of participants experienced at least one side effect after the first dose of vaccination; the most common were mild and resolved within three days after vaccination. More than 91% of respondents received the Covishield (AstraZeneca) vaccine; the most prevalent adverse effects were soreness of the injected arm (78.9%), tiredness (71.1%), and fever (54.9%). Logistic regression showed that women were almost 60% less likely to report side effects. Conclusion Findings supported the safety of the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine based on relatively few self-limiting side effects, mainly soreness of the injected arm and tiredness. Further research is needed to determine the long-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines, especially after booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
- Public Health Foundation of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Keerti Singh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - W M S Johnson
- Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Correspondence: WMS Johnson, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Email ;
| | - Archana Rajasundaram
- Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subir Gupta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhuri Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Ramkrishna Institute of Medical Science, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Sayeeda Rahman
- School of Medicine, American University of Integrative Sciences (AUIS), Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Michael H Campbell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Heather Harewood
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Ambadasu Bharatha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Russell Kabir
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Ali Davod Parsa
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | | | - Mainul Haque
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia,Mainul Haque, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Email ;
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8
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Alshaer W, Nsairat H, Lafi Z, Hourani OM, Al-Kadash A, Esawi E, Alkilany AM. Quality by Design Approach in Liposomal Formulations: Robust Product Development. Molecules 2022; 28:10. [PMID: 36615205 PMCID: PMC9822211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is an emerging field with continuous growth and differentiation. Liposomal formulations are a major platform in nanomedicine, with more than fifteen FDA-approved liposomal products in the market. However, as is the case for other types of nanoparticle-based delivery systems, liposomal formulations and manufacturing is intrinsically complex and associated with a set of dependent and independent variables, rendering experiential optimization a tedious process in general. Quality by design (QbD) is a powerful approach that can be applied in such complex systems to facilitate product development and ensure reproducible manufacturing processes, which are an essential pre-requisite for efficient and safe therapeutics. Input variables (related to materials, processes and experiment design) and the quality attributes for the final liposomal product should follow a systematic and planned experimental design to identify critical variables and optimal formulations/processes, where these elements are subjected to risk assessment. This review discusses the current practices that employ QbD in developing liposomal-based nano-pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Zainab Lafi
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Omar M. Hourani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | - Ezaldeen Esawi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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9
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Application of Nanotechnology in COVID-19 Infection: Findings and Limitations. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt3040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to address the global mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic, as it reached 6.3 million as of July 2022. As such, the experts recommended the mass diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection at an early stage using nanotechnology-based sensitive diagnostic approaches. The development of nanobiosensors for Point-of-Care (POC) sampling of COVID-19 could ensure mass detection without the need for sophisticated laboratories or expert personnel. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for POC detection was also proposed. In addition, the utilization of various antiviral nanomaterials such as Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the development of masks for personal protection mitigates viral transmission. Nowadays, nano-assisted vaccines have been approved for emergency use, but their safety and effectiveness in the mutant strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus remain challenging. Methodology: Updated literature was sourced from various research indexing databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Research Gate and Google Scholars. Result: We presented the concept of novel nanotechnology researched discovery, including nano-devices, electrochemical biosensing, nano-assisted vaccine, and nanomedicines, for use in recent times, which could be a formidable step for future management of COVID-19.
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10
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Catalano A, Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Maio ACD, Basile G, Giuzio F, Bonomo MG, Aquaro S, Walsh TJ, Sinicropi MS, Saturnino C, Geronikaki A, Salzano G. Are Nutraceuticals Effective in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Prevention and Treatment? Foods 2022; 11:2884. [PMID: 36141012 PMCID: PMC9498392 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The beginning of the end or the end of the beginning? After two years mastered by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, we are now witnessing a turnaround. The reduction of severe cases and deaths from COVID-19 led to increasing importance of a new disease called post-COVID syndrome. The term post-COVID is used to indicate permanency of symptoms in patients who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Immune, antiviral, antimicrobial therapies, as well as ozone therapy have been used to treat COVID-19 disease. Vaccines have then become available and administered worldwide to prevent the insurgence of the disease. However, the pandemic is not over yet at all given the emergence of new omicron variants. New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In this view, great interest was found in nutraceutical products, including vitamins (C, D, and E), minerals (zinc), melatonin, probiotics, flavonoids (quercetin), and curcumin. This review summarizes the role of nutraceuticals in the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 disease and post-COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Azzurra Chiara De Maio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Giovanna Basile
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Giuzio
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, VA 23223, USA
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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11
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Chitosan and its derivatives as polymeric anti-viral therapeutics and potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanomedicine. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119500. [PMID: 35550778 PMCID: PMC9020865 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19 has a global impact on the lives and livelihoods of people. It is characterized by a widespread infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), where infected patients may develop serious medical complications or even face death. Development of therapeutic is essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality of infected patients. Chitosan is a versatile biomaterial in nanomedicine and exhibits anti-microbial, anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties. This review highlights the progress in chitosan design and application pertaining to the anti-viral effects of chitosan and chitosan derivatives (hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium, sulfate, carboxymethyl, bromine, sialylglycopolymer, peptide and phosphonium conjugates) as a function of molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, type of substituents and their degree and site of substitution. The physicochemical attributes of these polymeric therapeutics are identified against the possibility of processing them into nanomedicine which can confer a higher level of anti-viral efficacy. The designs of chitosan for the purpose of targeting SARS-CoV-2, as well as the ever-evolving strains of viruses with a broad spectrum anti-viral activity to meet pandemic preparedness at the early stages of outbreak are discussed.
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12
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Qureshi A, Syed Sulaiman SA, Kumar N, Qureshi PAAA. Knowledge, perception, and fear among the global population towards newly evoked variant Omicron (B.1.1.529). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270761. [PMID: 35793377 PMCID: PMC9258860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-1), notoriously known as COVID-19, emerged in 2019 and was responsible for causing acute respiratory collapse. Moreover, in September 2020, new variant cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were reported in the United Kingdom, with many patients and deaths. This study aimed to see knowledge, perception, and fear among the global population towards a new variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, known as Omicron (B.1.1.529). This online cross-sectional global study was conducted during the emergence of the B.1.1.529 variant, also known as the Omicron variant. The survey was carried out from 2nd December 2021 to 3rd January 2022. The descriptive analysis was presented as frequencies (N), percentages (%), and mean ± standard deviation (m ± SD). The association between dependent and categorical independent variables was determined using the Chi-square test (x2). Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 23. Of 353 respondents, approximately 61% were females. One hundred fifty-four respondents were in the age group of 18-27 years. The average age was 31.53±10.3 (mean± SD). The majority of respondents (43.9%) were from Indonesia. The mean knowledge score about the Omicron variant was 3.18±1.14. Our study suggests that people have some knowledge about the new variant, Omicron (B.1.1.529). Besides, there was a significant association (p = 0.05) for the perception of the fatality rate of Omicron among the respondents from different countries. However, there is still an ample research gap in enlightening people about this infection (B.1.1.529).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Qureshi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USM, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | | | - Narendar Kumar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USM, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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13
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Kiremitler NB, Kemerli MZ, Kayaci N, Karagoz S, Pekdemir S, Sarp G, Sanduvac S, Onses MS, Yilmaz E. Nanostructures for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2: A Review. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:6029-6054. [PMID: 37552745 PMCID: PMC8905929 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Scientists, doctors, engineers, and even entire societies have become aware of the seriousness of the COVID-19 infection and are taking action quickly, using all the tools from protection to treatment against coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Especially in this sense, scientific approaches and materials using nanotechnology are frequently preferred. In this review, we focus on how nanoscience and nanotechnology approaches can be used for protective equipment, diagnostic and treatment methods, medicine, and vaccine applications to stop the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and prevent its spread. SARS-CoV-2, which itself can be considered as a core-shell nanoparticle, can interact with various materials around it and remain bound for variable periods of time while maintaining its bioactivity. These applications are especially critical for the controlled use of disinfection systems. One of the most important processes in the fight against coronavirus is the rapid diagnosis of the virus in humans and the initiation of isolation and treatment processes. The development of nanotechnology-based test and diagnostic kits is another important research thrust. Nanotechnological therapeutics based on antiviral drug design and nanoarchitecture vaccines have been vital. Nanotechnology plays critical roles in the production of protective film surfaces for self-cleaning and antiviral masks, gloves, and laboratory clothes. An overview of literature studies highlighting nanotechnology and nanomaterial-based approaches to combat SARS-CoV-2 is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Burak Kiremitler
- ERNAM-Erciyes University Nanotechnology
Application and Research Center, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
| | - Munteha Zeynep Kemerli
- Drug Application and Research Center,
Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
- Department of Health Services, Halil Bayraktar
Vocational College, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
| | - Nilgun Kayaci
- ERNAM-Erciyes University Nanotechnology
Application and Research Center, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
| | - Sultan Karagoz
- ERNAM-Erciyes University Nanotechnology
Application and Research Center, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
| | - Sami Pekdemir
- ERNAM-Erciyes University Nanotechnology
Application and Research Center, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
- Department of Airframes and Powerplants, Erciyes
University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Sarp
- ERNAM-Erciyes University Nanotechnology
Application and Research Center, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes
University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Senem Sanduvac
- ERNAM-Erciyes University Nanotechnology
Application and Research Center, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
- Bünyan Vocational College, Kayseri
University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Serdar Onses
- ERNAM-Erciyes University Nanotechnology
Application and Research Center, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
| | - Erkan Yilmaz
- ERNAM-Erciyes University Nanotechnology
Application and Research Center, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes
University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- Technology Research & Application
Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
- ChemicaMed Chemical Inc., Erciyes
University Technology Development Zone, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
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14
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Singh K, Biharee A, Vyas A, Thareja S, Jain AK. Recent Advancement of Polymersomes as Drug Delivery Carrier. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1621-1631. [PMID: 35418282 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220412103552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomedical applications of polymersomes have been explored, including drug and gene delivery, insulin delivery, hemoglobin delivery, the delivery of anticancer agents, and various diagnostic purposes. OBJECTIVES Polymersomes, which are self-assembled amphiphilic block copolymers, have received a lot of attention in drug delivery approaches. This review represents the methods of preparation of polymersomes including thin-film rehydration, electroformation, double emulsion, gel-assisted rehydration, PAPYRUS method, and solvent injection methods including various therapeutic applications of polymersomes. METHODS Data we searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct through searching of keywords: Polymersomes, methods of preparation, amphiphilic block copolymers, anticancer drug delivery Results: Polymersomes provide both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug delivery to a targeted site with an increase in the stability of the formulation and reduce the cytotoxic side effects of drugs. CONCLUSION A wide range of biological applications, including drug and gene delivery, insulin delivery, hemoglobin delivery, delivery of anticancer agents as well as in various diagnostic purposes. Recently, polymersomes have been used more frequently because of their stability, reducing the encapsulated drug's leakage, site-specific drug delivery, and increasing the bioavailability of the drugs and different diagnostic purposes. The liposomes encapsulate only hydrophilic drugs, but polymersomes encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in their cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur- 495 009 (C.G.), India
| | - Avadh Biharee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur- 495 009 (C.G.), India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda- 15100 (Pb), India
| | - Amber Vyas
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur- 492010(C.G.), India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda- 15100 (Pb), India
| | - Akhlesh Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur- 495 009 (C.G.), India
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15
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Abusalah MAH, Khalifa M, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Jarrar M, Mohamud R, Chan YY. Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the Storm. J Pers Med 2022; 12:386. [PMID: 35330388 PMCID: PMC8948998 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shaken the world and triggered drastic changes in our lifestyle to control it. Despite the non-typical efforts, COVID-19 still thrives and plagues humanity worldwide. The unparalleled degree of infection has been met with an exceptional degree of research to counteract it. Many drugs and therapeutic technologies have been repurposed and discovered, but no groundbreaking antiviral agent has been introduced yet to eradicate COVID-19 and restore normalcy. As lethality is directly correlated with the severity of disease, hospitalized severe cases are of the greatest importance to reduce, especially the cytokine storm phenomenon. This severe inflammatory phenomenon characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory mediators can be targeted to relieve symptoms and save the infected patients. One of the promising therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19 is nucleic acid-based therapeutic approaches, including microRNAs (miRNAs). This work is an up-to-date review aimed to comprehensively discuss the current nucleic acid-based therapeutics against COVID-19 and their mechanisms of action, taking into consideration the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, as well as providing potential future directions. miRNAs can be used to run interference with the expression of viral proteins, while endogenous miRNAs can be targeted as well, offering a versatile platform to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. By targeting these miRNAs, the COVID-19-induced cytokine storm can be suppressed. Therefore, nucleic acid-based therapeutics (miRNAs included) have a latent ability to break the COVID-19 infection in general and quell the cytokine storm in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Moad Khalifa
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (M.A.I.A.-H.); (R.M.)
| | - Mu’taman Jarrar
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
- Medical Education Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar 34445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (M.A.I.A.-H.); (R.M.)
| | - Yean Yean Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
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16
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Hatmal MM, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Olaimat AN, Mohamud R, Fawaz M, Kateeb ET, Alkhairy OK, Tayyem R, Lounis M, Al-Raeei M, Dana RK, Al-Ameer HJ, Taha MO, Bindayna KM. Reported Adverse Effects and Attitudes among Arab Populations Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Large-Scale Multinational Study Implementing Machine Learning Tools in Predicting Post-Vaccination Adverse Effects Based on Predisposing Factors. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:366. [PMID: 35334998 PMCID: PMC8955470 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The unprecedented global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed huge challenges on the healthcare facilities, and impacted every aspect of life. This has led to the development of several vaccines against COVID-19 within one year. This study aimed to assess the attitudes and the side effects among Arab communities after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine and use of machine learning (ML) tools to predict post-vaccination side effects based on predisposing factors. Methods: An online-based multinational survey was carried out via social media platforms from 14 June to 31 August 2021, targeting individuals who received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine from 22 Arab countries. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Moreover, extensive ML tools were utilized to predict 30 post vaccination adverse effects and their severity based on 15 predisposing factors. The importance of distinct predisposing factors in predicting particular side effects was determined using global feature importance employing gradient boost as AutoML. Results: A total of 10,064 participants from 19 Arab countries were included in this study. Around 56% were female and 59% were aged from 20 to 39 years old. A high rate of vaccine hesitancy (51%) was reported among participants. Almost 88% of the participants were vaccinated with one of three COVID-19 vaccines, including Pfizer-BioNTech (52.8%), AstraZeneca (20.7%), and Sinopharm (14.2%). About 72% of participants experienced post-vaccination side effects. This study reports statistically significant associations (p < 0.01) between various predisposing factors and post-vaccinations side effects. In terms of predicting post-vaccination side effects, gradient boost, random forest, and XGBoost outperformed other ML methods. The most important predisposing factors for predicting certain side effects (i.e., tiredness, fever, headache, injection site pain and swelling, myalgia, and sleepiness and laziness) were revealed to be the number of doses, gender, type of vaccine, age, and hesitancy to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions: The reported side effects following COVID-19 vaccination among Arab populations are usually non-life-threatening; flu-like symptoms and injection site pain. Certain predisposing factors have greater weight and importance as input data in predicting post-vaccination side effects. Based on the most significant input data, ML can also be used to predict these side effects; people with certain predicted side effects may require additional medical attention, or possibly hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma’mon M. Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia; (M.A.I.A.-H.); (R.M.)
| | - Amin N. Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia; (M.A.I.A.-H.); (R.M.)
| | - Mirna Fawaz
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon;
| | - Elham T. Kateeb
- Oral Health Research and Promotion Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 51000, Palestine;
| | - Omar K. Alkhairy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Tayyem
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Mohamed Lounis
- Department of Agro-Veterinary Science, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ziane Achour, BP 3117, Djelfa 17000, Algeria;
| | - Marwan Al-Raeei
- Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus P.O. Box 30621, Syria;
| | - Rasheed K. Dana
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hamzeh J. Al-Ameer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, American University of Madaba, P.O. Box 99, Madaba 17110, Jordan;
| | - Mutasem O. Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Khalid M. Bindayna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
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17
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Sharma S. The role of nanomedicine in COVID-19 therapeutics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:133-136. [PMID: 35012366 PMCID: PMC8751627 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Sharma
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
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18
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Cui TR, Qiao YC, Gao JW, Wang CH, Zhang Y, Han L, Yang Y, Ren TL. Ultrasensitive Detection of COVID-19 Causative Virus (SARS-CoV-2) Spike Protein Using Laser Induced Graphene Field-Effect Transistor. Molecules 2021; 26:6947. [PMID: 34834039 PMCID: PMC8621829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly contagious human infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the war with the virus is still underway. Since no specific drugs have been made available yet and there is an imbalance between supply and demand for vaccines, early diagnosis and isolation are essential to control the outbreak. Current nucleic acid testing methods require high sample quality and laboratory conditions, which cannot meet flexible applications. Here, we report a laser-induced graphene field-effect transistor (LIG-FET) for detecting SARS-CoV-2. The FET was manufactured by different reduction degree LIG, with an oyster reef-like porous graphene channel to enrich the binding point between the virus protein and sensing area. After immobilizing specific antibodies in the channel, the FET can detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in 15 min at a concentration of 1 pg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 1 ng/mL in human serum. In addition, the sensor shows great specificity to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Our sensors can realize fast production for COVID-19 rapid testing, as each LIG-FET can be fabricated by a laser platform in seconds. It is the first time that LIG has realized a virus sensing FET without any sample pretreatment or labeling, which paves the way for low-cost and rapid detection of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Rui Cui
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (T.-R.C.); (Y.-C.Q.)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan-Cong Qiao
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (T.-R.C.); (Y.-C.Q.)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian-Wei Gao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (J.-W.G.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (J.-W.G.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (J.-W.G.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (J.-W.G.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (T.-R.C.); (Y.-C.Q.)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (T.-R.C.); (Y.-C.Q.)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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19
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Guo L, Yang Z, Zhang L, Wang S, Bai T, Xiang Y, Long E. Systematic review of the effects of environmental factors on virus inactivation: implications for coronavirus disease 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2021; 18:2865-2878. [PMID: 34306118 PMCID: PMC8286163 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-021-03495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity can affect the inactivation and transmission of coronaviruses. By reviewing medical experiments on virus survival and virus transmission between infected and susceptible species in different temperature and humidity conditions, this study explores the influence of temperature and relative humidity on the survival and transmission of viruses, and provides suggestions, with experimental evidence, for the environmental control measures of Coronavirus Disease 2019. The results indicated that (1) virus viability and infectivity is increased at a low temperature of 5 ℃ and reduced at higher temperatures. (2) Virus survival and transmission is highly efficient in a dry environment with low relative humidity, and also in a wet environment with high relative humidity, and it is minimal at intermediate relative humidity. Therefore, in indoor environments, the lack of heating in winter or overventilation, leading to low indoor temperature, can help virus survival and help susceptible people being infected. On the contrary, modulating the indoor relative humidity at an intermediate level is conducive to curb epidemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Institution of Disaster Management & Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- College of Culture and Art, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Z. Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L. Zhang
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment Technology, Sichuan Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Pollution Control for Heavy Metals, Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - S. Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - T. Bai
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment Technology, Sichuan Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Pollution Control for Heavy Metals, Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Y. Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Institution of Disaster Management & Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - E. Long
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Institution of Disaster Management & Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment Technology, Sichuan Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Pollution Control for Heavy Metals, Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, China
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20
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Hatmal MM, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Olaimat AN, Hatmal M, Alhaj-Qasem DM, Olaimat TM, Mohamud R. Side Effects and Perceptions Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Jordan: A Randomized, Cross-Sectional Study Implementing Machine Learning for Predicting Severity of Side Effects. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060556. [PMID: 34073382 PMCID: PMC8229440 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic, there was no doubt that vaccination is the ideal protocol to tackle it. Within a year, a few COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and authorized. This unparalleled initiative in developing vaccines created many uncertainties looming around the efficacy and safety of these vaccines. This study aimed to assess the side effects and perceptions following COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing an online survey targeted toward Jordan inhabitants who received any COVID-19 vaccines. Data were statistically analyzed and certain machine learning (ML) tools, including multilayer perceptron (MLP), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and K-star were used to predict the severity of side effects. Results: A total of 2213 participants were involved in the study after receiving Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech, and other vaccines (38.2%, 31%, 27.3%, and 3.5%, respectively). Generally, most of the post-vaccination side effects were common and non-life-threatening (e.g., fatigue, chills, dizziness, fever, headache, joint pain, and myalgia). Only 10% of participants suffered from severe side effects; while 39% and 21% of participants had moderate and mild side effects, respectively. Despite the substantial variations between these vaccines in the presence and severity of side effects, the statistical analysis indicated that these vaccines might provide the same protection against COVID-19 infection. Finally, around 52.9% of participants suffered before vaccination from vaccine hesitancy and anxiety; while after vaccination, 95.5% of participants have advised others to get vaccinated, 80% felt more reassured, and 67% believed that COVID-19 vaccines are safe in the long term. Furthermore, based on the type of vaccine, demographic data, and side effects, the RF, XGBoost, and MLP gave both high accuracies (0.80, 0.79, and 0.70, respectively) and Cohen’s kappa values (0.71, 0.70, and 0.56, respectively). Conclusions: The present study confirmed that the authorized COVID-19 vaccines are safe and getting vaccinated makes people more reassured. Most of the post-vaccination side effects are mild to moderate, which are signs that body’s immune system is building protection. ML can also be used to predict the severity of side effects based on the input data; predicted severe cases may require more medical attention or even hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma’mon M. Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Amin N. Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | | | | | | | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (R.M.)
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