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Medic N, Boldin I, Berisha B, Matijak-Kronschachner B, Aminfar H, Schwantzer G, Müller-Lierheim WGK, van Setten GB, Horwath-Winter J. Application frequency - key indicator for the efficiency of severe dry eye disease treatment - evidence for the importance of molecular weight of hyaluronan in lubricating agents. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:e663-e671. [PMID: 38131131 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lubricant eye drops are the main therapeutic resource for dry eye disease (DED), with each drop representing the equivalent of ocular surface disease treatment. Thus, any reduction in the frequency of eye drop application reflects a degree of therapeutic success. Considering also the socioeconomic burden of DED, we investigated eye drop application frequency (DF) as a parameter to potentially track the success of therapy in severe DED. Hyaluronan (HA)-containing eye drops have become the first choice for tear substitution in many countries, and recent data indicate that the average molecular weight (Mw) of HA determines the therapeutic efficacy of such eye drops. This post-hoc subgroup analysis of a previously published multicentre prospective randomized open-label study, HYLAN M, is set out to compare the effects of very high Mw HA (hylan A) eye drops to comparator eye drops, containing lower Mw HA (control). METHODS Patients with severe DED (n = 47), recruited as part of the larger HYLAN M prospective, multicentre, open-label study, were randomized into two groups: hylan A and control group. In the hylan A group, 24 patients replaced their HA-containing eye drops with eye drops containing 0.15% hylan A, whereas the 23 control patients continued to use comparator HA eye drops. The DF was recorded daily by all participants over 8 weeks, and other subjective and objective parameters of DED were assessed at the time of inclusion (baseline), as well as at week 4 and 8. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in DF in the hylan A users between the baseline and week 4 (p = 0.004), remaining stable until week 8. Indeed, in contrast to the baseline, the hylan A group had a significantly lower DF than the control group at weeks 4 (p = 0.018) and 8 (p = 0.008). Likewise, the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) improved significantly between the time of inclusion and week 4 (p < 0.001) in hylan A users, remaining stable until week 8. The OSDI was similar in both groups at the baseline but it was significantly lower in the hylan A group than in the control group at week 4 (p = 0.002), remaining lower at week 8. Such a decrease in the DF and OSDI was not witnessed in the control group at any time point. The objective parameters assessed did not differ significantly within or between the two groups. CONCLUSION When treating severe DED, the DF can be significantly reduced by using very high Mw HA (3 MDa) lubricant eye drops, which better alleviate DED symptoms and decrease the OSDI scores. These drops not only provide an attractive and comfortable alternative for patients with severe DED but also offer the possibility of reducing the disease's socioeconomic burden, both for affected individuals and society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Medic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Boldin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bujar Berisha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Haleh Aminfar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerold Schwantzer
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gysbert-Botho van Setten
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Eriks Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Carton F, Malatesta M. Nanotechnological Research for Regenerative Medicine: The Role of Hyaluronic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3975. [PMID: 38612784 PMCID: PMC11012323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear, anionic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan occurring in almost all body tissues and fluids of vertebrates including humans. It is a main component of the extracellular matrix and, thanks to its high water-holding capacity, plays a major role in tissue hydration and osmotic pressure maintenance, but it is also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, inflammation, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis. Based on multiple physiological effects on tissue repair and reconstruction processes, HA has found extensive application in regenerative medicine. In recent years, nanotechnological research has been applied to HA in order to improve its regenerative potential, developing nanomedical formulations containing HA as the main component of multifunctional hydrogels systems, or as core component or coating/functionalizing element of nanoconstructs. This review offers an overview of the various uses of HA in regenerative medicine aimed at designing innovative nanostructured devices to be applied in various fields such as orthopedics, dermatology, and neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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Lin X, Moreno IY, Nguyen L, Gesteira TF, Coulson-Thomas VJ. ROS-Mediated Fragmentation Alters the Effects of Hyaluronan on Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1385. [PMID: 37759785 PMCID: PMC10526416 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs in virtually all pathological conditions. Hyaluronan (HA) is a major extracellular matrix component and is susceptible to oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS), yet the precise chemical structures of oxidized HA products (oxHA) and their physiological properties remain largely unknown. This study characterized the molecular weight (MW), structures, and physiological properties of oxHA. For this, high-molecular-weight HA (HMWHA) was oxidized using increasing molar ratios of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or hypochlorous acid (HOCl). ROS lead to the fragmentation of HA, with the oxHA products produced by HOCl exhibiting an altered chemical structure while those produced by H2O2 do not. HMWHA promotes the viability of human corneal epithelial cells (hTCEpi), while low MWHA (LMWHA), ultra-LMWHA (ULMWHA), and most forms of oxHA do not. HMWHA and LMWHA promote hTCEpi proliferation, while ULMWHA and all forms of oxHA do not. LMWHA and some forms of oxHA promote hTCEpi migration, while HMWHA does not. Finally, all native forms of HA and oxHA produced by HOCl promote in vivo corneal wound healing, while oxHA produced by H2O2 does not. Taken together, our results show that HA fragmentation by ROS can alter the physiological activity of HA by altering its MW and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vivien J. Coulson-Thomas
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4401 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA; (X.L.); (I.Y.M.); (L.N.); (T.F.G.)
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Jiang F, Wu Y, Liu Z, Hong M, Huang Y. Synergy of GHK-Cu and hyaluronic acid on collagen IV upregulation via fibroblast and ex-vivo skin tests. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:2598-2604. [PMID: 37062921 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GHK-Cu and HA are two commonly used skin care ingredients, both of which were reported to enhance collagen synthesis. This work aims to investigate their co-effect on collagen regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In cell experiments, human dermal fibroblasts were treated by a series of GHK-Cu and HA combinations, and the expressions of collagen I, IV, and VII were measured by qRT-PCR. The best formula screened out from cell experiments were further studied by ex-vivo skin model, and the content of collagen IV was quantified by immunofluorescence method. RESULTS The combination GHK-Cu and HA was found to promote the generation of collagen I, IV, and VII. Especially, they form a synergy on collagen IV. At the ratio of 1:9, GHK-Cu and LMW HA deliver the strongest effect to elevate collagen IV synthesis by 25.4 times in cell test and 2.03 times in ex-vivo skin test. CONCLUSION The co-effect of GHK-Cu and HA was revealed. Their synergy brings an insight to anti-aging technology: choosing proper molecular weight of HA and managing its ratio with GHK-Cu could enhance DEJ health via stimulating collagen IV synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangru Jiang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Minhua Hong
- Zhejiang Peptites Biotech Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Zhejiang Peptites Biotech Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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Sousa B, Domingues I, Nunes B. A fish perspective on SARS-CoV-2: Toxicity of benzalkonium chloride on Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104200. [PMID: 37394081 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 outbreak led to an increased marketing of disinfectants, creating a potential environmental problem. For instance, pre-pandemic environmental levels of the disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BAC) ranging from 0.5 to 5 mgL-1 in effluents were expected to further increase threatening aquatic life. Our aim was to characterize potential adverse effects after an acute exposure of zebrafish to different concentrations of BAC. An increase in the overall swimming activity, thigmotaxis behavior, and erratic movements were observed. An increase in CYP1A1 and catalase activities, but inhibitions of CY1A2, GSTs and GPx activities were also noticed. BAC is metabolized by CYP1A1, increasing the production of H2O2, thereby activating the antioxidant enzyme CAT. Data also showed an increase of AChE activity. Our study highlights adverse embryonic, behavioral, and metabolic effects of noteworthy environmental significance, especially considering that the use and release of BAC is most likely to increase in a near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sousa
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento De Biologia, Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Domingues
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento De Biologia, Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento De Biologia, Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Semp DA, Beeson D, Sheppard AL, Dutta D, Wolffsohn JS. Artificial Tears: A Systematic Review. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2023; 15:9-27. [PMID: 36647552 PMCID: PMC9840372 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s350185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Artificial tears are the mainstay of dry eye disease management, but also have a role in corneal abrasion and wound healing, pain and inflammation management, conjunctivitis, keratitis, contact lens rewetting and removal, and foreign body removal. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (PROSPERO registration CRD42022369619) comparing the efficacy of artificial tears in patients with dry eye to inform prescribing choices using Web of Science, PubMed and Medline databases identified 64 relevant articles. There is good evidence that artificial tears improve symptoms of dry eye disease within a month of regular use, applied about four times a day, but signs generally take several months to improve. Not all patients with dry eye disease benefit from artificial tears, so if there is no benefit over a month, alternative management should be considered. Combination formulations are more effective than single active ingredient artificial tears. Artificial tears containing polyethylene glycol are more effective than those containing carboxymethylcellulose/carmellose sodium and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Those classified as having evaporative dry eye disease, benefit from artificial tears with liposomes, especially of higher concentration. The data available is limited by the definition of dry eye disease applied in published studies being variable, as well as the disease severity examined and compliance with artificial tears being rarely quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Semp
- School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Danielle Beeson
- School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amy L Sheppard
- School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Debarun Dutta
- School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Li G, Akpek EK, Ahmad S. Glaucoma and Ocular Surface Disease: More than Meets the Eye. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:3641-3649. [PMID: 36389640 PMCID: PMC9642795 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s388886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the association between ocular surface disease and glaucoma is important for improving adherence to treatment and introducing practical solutions. While topical antihypertensive medications for glaucoma are well tolerated according to short-term studies, there is little evidence on their long-term effects. Since they are often required for many years, the effects of these drops on the ocular surface become important in regard to quality of life and adherence. In this nonsystematic review performed in April 2022, we summarize what is known about the relationship between glaucoma and ocular surface disease. Specifically, we examine how each class of topical glaucoma drops affects the ocular surface. We then review the treatment of ocular surface disease for patients on topical glaucoma therapy. Finally, we discuss treatments that may reduce or eliminate the burden of topical medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esen Karamursel Akpek
- Ocular Surface Disease Clinic, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sumayya Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Pereira DR, Silva-Correia J, Oliveira JM, Reis RL, Pandit A. Macromolecular modulation of a 3D hydrogel construct differentially regulates human stem cell tissue-to-tissue interface. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 133:112611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ahn J, Choi M. Binding affinity of benzalkonium chloride on contact lens surfaces and the effects on their physical properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111744. [PMID: 33865089 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) is a cationic surfactant used as a component in ophthalmic eye drops. The effects of BKC on the eye and the simple binding of BKC on the contact lens surface have been reported in other studies. However, the exact value of the BKC binding affinity on the contact lens surfaces and its effects on the physical properties of contact lenses have not been studied. Here, the binding affinity of BKC toward two types of contact lenses, those with the wetting agent polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and those without, was calculated. In addition, the refractive power, UV-vis transmittance, contact angle, water content, base curve, and diameter of the contact lenses after treatment with BKC were examined to evaluate the effects of its adsorption on the contact lens. We found that the maximum amount of adsorbed BKC was 2.88 mM for the contact lens without PVP whereas it was 2.32 mM for that with PVP. In contrast, the BKC binding affinities were similar. Crucially, the physical properties of the contact lens changed significantly because of the adsorption of BKC. Although BKC is a widely used preservative, our results suggest that use of PVP-containing contact lenses reduces BKC adsorption and discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Ahn
- Department of Optometry, College of Energy and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonsung Choi
- Department of Optometry, College of Energy and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea; Convergence Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
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Xu M, Sivak JG, McCanna DJ. Neutralization of the eye and skin irritant benzalkonium chloride using UVC radiation. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2021; 40:78-84. [PMID: 33771058 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2021.1902339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a widely used disinfectant and preservative which is effective against a wide range of viruses (e.g. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2), bacteria and fungi. However, it is toxic to the eye and skin. This study investigated the neutralization of BAK using ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation as an effort to reduce BAK toxicity potential. METHODS BAK solutions were irradiated with a germicidal UVC lamp at various doses. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) were then exposed to the UVC-irradiated BAK solutions for 5 minutes. After exposure, the cultures were assessed for metabolic activity using PrestoBlue; for cell viability using confocal microscopy with viability dyes; and for tight junction proteins using immunofluorescence staining for zonula occludens (ZO)-1. RESULTS UVC radiation reduced BAK toxicity on cell metabolic activity in a dose-dependent manner. When the solution depth of BAK was 1.7 mm, the UVC doses needed to completely neutralize the toxicity of BAK 0.005% and 0.01% were 2.093 J/cm2 and 8.374 J/cm2, respectively. The cultures treated with UVC-neutralized BAK showed similar cell metabolic activity and cell viability to those treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (p = 0.806 ∼ 1.000). The expression of ZO-1 was greatly disturbed by untreated BAK; in contrast, ZO-1 proteins were well maintained after exposure to UVC-neutralized BAK. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the cell toxicity of BAK can be neutralized by UVC radiation, which provides a unique way of detoxifying BAK residues. This finding may be of great value in utilizing the antimicrobial efficacy of BAK (e.g. fighting against SARS-CoV-2) while minimizing its potential hazards to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlong Xu
- Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Jacob G Sivak
- Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - David J McCanna
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Macedo RDR, Fonseca LFD, Lana JFSD, Mosaner T, Purita J, de Andrade MAP, Rodrigues LM, Centurion P. Biofat grafts as an orthobiologic tool in osteoarthritis: An update and classification proposal. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:29-39. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among degenerative musculoskeletal disorders, osteoarthritis remains one of the main causes of pain and disability in the adult population. Current available alternatives to alleviate symptoms include conservative treatments such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs and an educational approach to lifestyle modification. The use of certain analgesics, such as opiates and corticosteroids offer short-term results but does not address the etiological source of pain and disability. In addition, prolonged use of such medications can cause additional complications. Therefore, the demand for regeneration of joint cartilage has led to an alternative approach called "orthobiologics". This alternative is based on cellular and molecular components capable of inducing and promoting tissue repair. Products derived from adipose tissue have been studied as an excellent source of orthobiologics in an attempt to promote joint cartilage repair. However, the lack of standardization regarding collection and processing protocols presents a challenge for the generalization of study results and determination of effectiveness. To the best of our knowledge, orthobiologics derived from fat have not yet been classified. Therefore, this manuscript proposes the HGS classification system which aims to describe certain parameters that are relevant to the quality of organic products regarding harvesting techniques (H), graft type (G), and number of centrifugations (S). The more parameters used would imply greater characterization and complexity of the evaluation of the biological product used. The HGS classification may provide a valuable contribution to the understanding of clinical procedures and research results, aiming to ultimately usher in a standardization of optimal practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael da Rocha Macedo
- Department of Orthopedics, Rede D’Or unidade IFOR Hospital, São Bernardo do Campo 09715-021, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Furtado da Fonseca
- Department of Orthopedics, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil
| | | | - Tomas Mosaner
- Department of Orthopedics, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba 13334-170, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joseph Purita
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Boca Raton, FL 33432, United States
| | - MAP de Andrade
- Department of Orthopedics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Patricio Centurion
- Aesthetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Ricardo Palma University, Lima 15023, Peru
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Evaluation of Sub-Lethal Toxicity of Benzethonium Chloride in Cyprinus carpio Liver. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Benzenthonium chloride (BEC, Hyamine 1622) is a quaternary ammonium surfactant with cationic properties widely used in cleaning, sanitation, and medical products that can become harmful to humans and also to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate its acute effects on Cyprinus carpio fish in terms of oxidative stress and morphological changes on hepatic tissue in order to show the sub-lethal toxicity of BEC. Fish were exposed to 1 mg/L BEC for 24, 48, and 96 h, and the liver samples were collected. The most significant changes were noticed after 96 h of exposure when the entire antioxidant enzyme system was affected. The activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase decreased by 44%, 31%, 30%, and 45%, respectively, compared to control. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased by 29% after 96 h of control, inducing a reduction of NADPH formation which decreased by half the level of reduced glutathione, the main non-enzymatic antioxidant. These effects correlated with the raised value of lipid peroxidation after 96 h and the morphology changes on hepatic tissue, such as cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear hypertrophy that could affect the normal function of the liver. All of these results showed acute toxicity of BEC on C. carpio after 96 h of exposure, causing oxidative stress response at the hepatic level.
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Lipidomic analysis of epithelial corneal cells following hyperosmolarity and benzalkonium chloride exposure: New insights in dry eye disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Magny R, Auzeil N, Olivier E, Kessal K, Regazzetti A, Dutot M, Mélik-Parsadaniantz S, Rat P, Baudouin C, Laprévote O, Brignole-Baudouin F. Lipidomic analysis of human corneal epithelial cells exposed to ocular irritants highlights the role of phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolisms in detergent toxicity mechanisms. Biochimie 2020; 178:148-157. [PMID: 32758686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Detergent chemicals, widely used in household products, in pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic and industrial fields, have been linked to side effects and involved in several eye diseases. On the ocular surface, detergents can interfere with the corneal epithelium, the most superficial layer of the cornea, representing a line of defence against external aggression. Despite its major role in numerous biological functions, there is still little data regarding disruption of lipid homeostasis induced by ocular irritants. To this purpose, a lipidomic analysis using UPLC-HRMS/MS-ESI ± was performed on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells incubated with three widely known ocular irritants: benzalkonium chloride (BAK), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and Triton X-100 (TXT). We found that these ocular irritants lead to a profound modification of the HCE cell lipidome. Indeed, the cell content of ceramide species increased widely while plasmalogens containing polyunsaturated fatty acid species, especially docosahexaenoic acids, decreased. Furthermore, these irritants upregulated the activity of phospholipase A2. The present study demonstrates that BAK, SLS and TXT induced disruption of the cell lipid homeostasis, highlighting that lipids mediate inflammatory and cell death processes induced by detergents in the cornea. Lipidomics may thus be regarded as a valuable tool to investigate new markers of corneal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Magny
- Sorbonne Université UM80, INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU Foresight, Paris, France; UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Olivier
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Karima Kessal
- Sorbonne Université UM80, INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU Foresight, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - Anne Regazzetti
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Mélody Dutot
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France; Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire d'Evaluation Physiologique, Yslab, 2 rue Félix le Dantec, 29000 Quimper, France
| | | | - Patrice Rat
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université UM80, INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU Foresight, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP HP, 92100, Boulogne, France; Université Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines, Paris Saclay, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Service de Biochimie, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université UM80, INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU Foresight, Paris, France; UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
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Müller-Lierheim WGK. Why Chain Length of Hyaluronan in Eye Drops Matters. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E511. [PMID: 32717869 PMCID: PMC7459843 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chain length of hyaluronan (HA) determines its physical as well as its physiological properties. Results of clinical research on HA eye drops are not comparable without this parameter. In this article methods for the assessment of the average molecular weight of HA in eye drops and a terminology for molecular weight ranges are proposed. The classification of HA eye drops according to their zero shear viscosity and viscosity at 1000 s-1 shear rate is presented. Based on the gradient of mucin MUC5AC concentration within the mucoaqueous layer of the tear film a hypothesis on the consequences of this gradient on the rheological properties of the tear film is provided. The mucoadhesive properties of HA and their dependence on chain length are explained. The ability of HA to bind to receptors on the ocular epithelial cells, and in particular the potential consequences of the interaction between HA and the receptor HARE, responsible for HA endocytosis by corneal epithelial cells is discussed. The physiological function of HA in the framework of ocular surface homeostasis and wound healing are outlined, and the influence of the chain length of HA on the clinical performance of HA eye drops is illustrated. The use of very high molecular weight HA (hylan A) eye drops as drug vehicle for the next generation of ophthalmic drugs with minimized side effects is proposed and its advantages elucidated. Consequences of the diagnosis and treatment of ocular surface disease are discussed.
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16
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Trehalose for Ocular Surface Health. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050809. [PMID: 32466265 PMCID: PMC7277924 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a natural disaccharide synthesized in various life forms, but not found in vertebrates. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates exceptional bioprotective characteristics of trehalose. This review discusses the scientific findings on potential functions of trehalose in oxidative stress, protein clearance, and inflammation, with an emphasis on animal models and clinical trials in ophthalmology. The main objective is to help understand the beneficial effects of trehalose in clinical trials and practice, especially in patients suffering from ocular surface disease. The discussion is supplemented with an overview of patents for the use of trehalose in dry eye and with prospects for the 2020s.
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Takasugi M, Firsanov D, Tombline G, Ning H, Ablaeva J, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Naked mole-rat very-high-molecular-mass hyaluronan exhibits superior cytoprotective properties. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2376. [PMID: 32398747 PMCID: PMC7217962 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rat (NMR), the longest-living rodent, produces very-high-molecular-mass hyaluronan (vHMM-HA), compared to other mammalian species. However, it is unclear if exceptional polymer length of vHMM-HA is important for longevity. Here, we show that vHMM-HA (>6.1 MDa) has superior cytoprotective properties compared to the shorter HMM-HA. It protects not only NMR cells, but also mouse and human cells from stress-induced cell-cycle arrest and cell death in a polymer length-dependent manner. The cytoprotective effect is dependent on the major HA-receptor, CD44. We find that vHMM-HA suppresses CD44 protein-protein interactions, whereas HMM-HA promotes them. As a result, vHMM-HA and HMM-HA induce opposing effects on the expression of CD44-dependent genes, which are associated with the p53 pathway. Concomitantly, vHMM-HA partially attenuates p53 and protects cells from stress in a p53-dependent manner. Our results implicate vHMM-HA in anti-aging mechanisms and suggest the potential applications of vHMM-HA for enhancing cellular stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takasugi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Denis Firsanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Gregory Tombline
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Hanbing Ning
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Julia Ablaeva
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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Fogagnolo P, Torregrossa G, Tranchina L, Ferreras A, De Cillá S, Labbé A, Figus M, Ottobelli L, Rossetti L. Tear Film Osmolarity, Ocular Surface Disease and Glaucoma: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4241-4252. [PMID: 31345142 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190725160621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world, affecting more than 60 million people globally. In order to reduce the progression of the disease, both medical and surgical treatments are used. Frequent side effects of both treatments include a range of modifications of the ocular surface grouped as the Ocular Surface Disease (OSD), which include Dry Eye Disease (DED). DED and other OSD negatively impact on the success of anti-glaucoma treatments and reduce the adherence to medical therapies. Tear film osmolarity (TFO) is a relatively novel test which has become a hallmark of DED. The aim of this paper was to review the association between OSD, DED and glaucoma in view of published TFO data, and to discuss future fields of research and treatments on the topic of glaucoma iatrogenic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fogagnolo
- Eye Clinic, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Tranchina
- Eye Clinic, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferreras
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stefano De Cillá
- Unit of Ophthalmology, Ospedale Maggiore della Carita, Novara, Italy
| | - Antoine Labbé
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Vision Institute, Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines University, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Michele Figus
- Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Ottobelli
- Eye Clinic, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Eye Clinic, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Luo Y, Cheng YW, Yu CY, Liu RM, Zhao YJ, Chen DX, Zhong JJ, Xiao JH. Effects of hyaluronic acid on differentiation of human amniotic epithelial cells and cell-replacement therapy in type 1 diabetic mice. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111642. [PMID: 31562862 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our hypothesis is that hyaluronic acid may regulate the differentiation of human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) into insulin-producing cells and help the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Herein, a protocol for the stepwise in vitro differentiation of hAECs into functional insulin-producing cells was developed by mimicking the process of pancreas development. Treatment of hAECs with hyaluronic acid enhanced their differentiation of definitive endoderm and pancreatic progenitors. Endodermal markers Sox17 and Foxa2 and pancreatic progenitor markers Pax6, Nkx6.1, and Ngn3 were upregulated an enhanced gene expression in hAECs, but hAECs did not express the β cell-specific transcription factor Pdx1. Interestingly, hyaluronic acid promoted the expression of major pancreatic development-related genes and proteins after combining with commonly used inducers of stem cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells. This indicated the potent synergistic effects of the combination on hAECs differentiation in vitro. By establishing a multiple injection transplantation strategy via tail vein injections, hAECs transplantation significantly reduced hyperglycemia symptoms, increased the plasma insulin content, and partially repaired the islet structure in type 1 diabetic mice. In particular, the combination of hAECs with hyaluronic acid exhibited a remarkable therapeutic effect compared to both the insulin group and the hAECs alone group. The hAECs' paracrine action and hyaluronic acid co-regulated the local immune response, improved the inflammatory microenvironment in the damaged pancreas of type 1 diabetic mice, and promoted the trans-differentiation of pancreatic α cells into β cells. These findings suggest that hyaluronic acid is an efficient co-inducer of the differentiation of hAECs into functional insulin-producing cells, and hAECs treatment with hyaluronic acid may be a promising cell-replacement therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Ya-Wei Cheng
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Chang-Yin Yu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Ru-Ming Liu
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Dai-Xiong Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Jian-Jiang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
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20
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Preparation and Evaluation of Topically Applied Azithromycin Based on Sodium Hyaluronate in Treatment of Conjunctivitis. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11040183. [PMID: 30991749 PMCID: PMC6523157 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZI) eye drops containing sodium hyaluronate (SH) were developed to improve the bioavailability of AZI. Interaction between AZI and SH in the AZI-SH formulation was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses. Moreover, advantages of using SH as an excipient were investigated by comparing physiological properties and pharmacokinetic behaviors of SH-containing AZI eye drops with that of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-containing formulation. In addition, safety of the developed AZI-SH eye drops was evaluated by in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-Thiazyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT assay) and neutral red uptake assay as well as in vivo eye irritation test and acute toxicity test. The results indicated that AZI formed a complex with SH under a slightly acidic condition. The area under the curve (AUC) of AZI in SH-containing formulation was 1.58-fold higher (P < 0.01) than that in HPMC-containing formulation due to the interaction between the amine group of AZI and the carboxyl group of SH, despite of the higher viscosity of HPMC-containing formulation. Safety evaluation showed that AZI-SH eye drops caused no obvious eye irritation and acute toxicity. In conclusion, the developed SH-containing AZI formulation possessing advantages of longer retention time and higher drug availability was a promising drug formulation for topical ocular therapy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ocular surface disease frequently coexists with glaucoma and may be initiated or exacerbated by topical glaucoma medications. We performed a review of current literature to assess the prevalence, causes, and treatment of ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients, specifically those on topical therapy. METHODS A Pubmed database search was conducted. A total of 720 articles published from 1972 to 2018 were found in relation with ocular surface disease, glaucoma, and glaucoma medications. Of these, 102 articles were included in this analysis. We included primary and empirical studies for patients on topical glaucoma medications. Exclusion criteria included case reports, non-English studies, and articles unrelated to the primary subject of this review. RESULTS Ocular surface disease among normal and glaucomatous eyes was evaluated based on diagnostic testing including clinical examination and questionnaires to determine visual function and quality of life. Glaucoma medications can be associated with toxicities to the ocular surface, most often due to the nature of the preservative included in the medication; however, the incidence of toxicity can be mitigated by the use of preservative free medications, decreased preservative medications, or treatment of dry eye disease. Treatment of glaucoma with laser trabeculoplasty or minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries that spare the conjunctiva and the cornea may avoid or decrease reliance on topical glaucoma medications, potentially avoiding the initiation or progression of ocular surface disease. CONCLUSIONS Recognition and treatment of ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients may improve patient quality of life and medication adherence. This may ultimately improve glaucoma treatment outcomes.
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22
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Mohamed YH, Uematsu M, Ueki R, Inoue D, Sasaki H, Kitaoka T. Safety of sodium hyaluronate eye drop with C12-benzalkonium chloride. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019; 38:156-160. [DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2018.1543316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, EL-Minia University Hospital, EL-Minia, Egypt
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ueki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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23
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Makashova NV, Vasilieva AE, Kolosova OY. [Effects of artificial tears on ocular surface in glaucomatous patients with long-term instillation of preserved antiglaucoma eye drops]. Vestn Oftalmol 2018; 134:59-65. [PMID: 29771886 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2018134259-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effects of long-term instillation of 0.18% sodium hyaluronate artificial tears VISMED multi on ocular surface in glaucomatous patients with long-term instillation of preserved anti-glaucoma drops. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 79 patients (40 female and 39 male; 79 eyes in total) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) divided into 3 groups according to disease stage: mild or early (stage I) glaucoma - 15 patients (15 eyes), moderate (stage II) glaucoma - 30 patients (30 eyes), advanced or severe (stage III) glaucoma - 34 patients (34 eyes). Conjunctival and corneal changes were assessed with Norn's test, Schirmer I test and corneal fluorescein staining test. All patients completed Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) was measured using Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) (Reichert Optics Inc., USA). In addition to hypotensive therapy, all patients received instillations of 0.18% sodium hyaluronate (VISMED multi) three times every day. After 14 days, all examinations were repeated. RESULTS The condition of eye surface in patients with moderate and advanced (stage II and III) glaucoma depends on the degree of IOPcc compensation. As glaucoma increases in severity, the pathological changes in the ocular surface progress. Instillations of 0.18% sodium hyaluronate solution lead to significant improvement of the test results in all groups, and in early glaucoma patients it restores all objective indicators to normal values. CONCLUSION Treatment with 0.18% sodium hyaluronate solution (VISMED multi) leads to statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement of ocular surface condition in glaucoma patients with long-term instillation of preserved antiglaucoma eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Makashova
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11 A, B Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - A E Vasilieva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Chair of Ophthalmology, 8 b. 2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - O Yu Kolosova
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11 A, B Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
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The Role of the P2X7 Receptor in Ocular Stresses: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Vision (Basel) 2017; 1:vision1020014. [PMID: 31740640 PMCID: PMC6835678 DOI: 10.3390/vision1020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is expressed in both anterior and posterior segments of the eyeball. In the ocular surface, the P2X7 receptor is activated in case of external aggressions: preservatives and surfactants induce the activation of P2X7 receptors, leading to either apoptosis, inflammation, or cell proliferation. In the retina, the key endogenous actors of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma act through P2X7 receptors’ activation and/or upregulation of P2X7 receptors’ expression. Different therapeutic strategies aimed at the P2X7 receptor exist. P2X7 receptor antagonists, such as divalent cations and Brilliant Blue G (BBG) could be used to target either the ocular surface or the retina, as long as polyunsaturated fatty acids may exert their effects through the disruption of plasma membrane lipid rafts or saffron that reduces the response evoked by P2X7 receptor stimulation. Treatments against P2X7 receptor activation are proposed by using either eye drops or food supplements.
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25
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The Protective Role of Hyaluronic Acid in Cr(VI)-Induced Oxidative Damage in Corneal Epithelial Cells. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:3678586. [PMID: 28428894 PMCID: PMC5385914 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3678586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cr(VI) exposure could produce kinds of intermediates and reactive oxygen species, both of which were related to DNA damage. Hyaluronan (HA) has impressive biological functions and was reported to protect corneal epithelial cells against oxidative damage induced by ultraviolet B, benzalkonium chloride, and sodium lauryl sulfate. So the aim of our study was to investigate HA protection on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells against Cr(VI)-induced toxic effects. The HCE cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of K2Cr2O7 (1.875, 3.75, 7.5, 15.0, and 30 μM) or a combination of K2Cr2O7 and 0.2% HA and incubated with different times (15 min, 30 min, and 60 min). Our data showed that Cr(VI) exposure could cause decreased cell viability, increased DNA damage, and ROS generation to the HCE cell lines. But incubation of HA increased HCE cell survival rates and decreased DNA damage and ROS generation induced by Cr(VI) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We report for the first time that HA can protect HCE cells against the toxicity of Cr(VI), indicating that it will be a promising therapeutic agent to corneal injuries caused by Cr(VI).
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26
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Comparison of the effects of various lubricant eye drops on the in vitro rabbit corneal healing and toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:123-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rat P, Olivier E, Tanter C, Wakx A, Dutot M. A fast and reproducible cell- and 96-well plate-based method for the evaluation of P2X7 receptor activation using YO-PRO-1 fluorescent dye. J Biol Methods 2017; 4:e64. [PMID: 31453224 PMCID: PMC6708926 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The YO-PRO-1 assay provides a quantitative estimation of P2X7 receptor activation. P2X7 receptor is associated to pathological conditions including infectious, inflammatory, neurological, musculoskeletal disorders, pain and cancer. Most primary cells and cell lines from diverse origin may be used thanks to the ubiquitous distribution of P2X7 receptor. To study the activation of P2X7 receptor by chemicals or biological agents, we established a microplate-based cytometry protocol to accurately and rapidly quantify the activation of P2X7 receptor that leads to the formation of large pores in cell membranes. The YO-PRO-1 assay is based on the ability of cells to incorporate and bind YO-PRO-1 dye to DNA after activation of P2X7 receptor through pore formation. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates and incubated with the compound being tested for the appropriate time. The microplate is then incubated for 10 min with YO-PRO-1 staining solution. After the 10 min staining time, fluorescence signal is read using a microplate reader in 1 min. This procedure is easier and requires less handling steps than flow cytometry. 96-well plate based YO-PRO-1 assay is a reproducible and fast method to study both P2X7 receptor activation by toxic agents at subnecrotic concentrations and P2X7 receptor inhibition by antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Rat
- UMR 8638 CNRS COMETE, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Elodie Olivier
- UMR 8638 CNRS COMETE, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.,Soliance-Givaudan, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Caroline Tanter
- Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire d'Evaluation Physiologique, Yslab, 2 rue Félix Le Dantec, 29000 Quimper, France
| | - Anaïs Wakx
- UMR 8638 CNRS COMETE, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mélody Dutot
- UMR 8638 CNRS COMETE, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.,Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire d'Evaluation Physiologique, Yslab, 2 rue Félix Le Dantec, 29000 Quimper, France
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28
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Park CJ, Song SH, Kim DH, Gye MC. Developmental and acute toxicity of cetylpyridinium chloride in Bombina orientalis (Amphibia: Anura). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:446-453. [PMID: 27399156 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to evaluate the toxicity of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a cationic surfactant in amphibians, we examined the developmental and acute toxicity of CPC in Bombina orientalis embryos and tadpoles. Embryonic exposure to 2.0μM (0.72mg/l) CPC for 7 days significantly decreased the survival rates and increased DNA damage in the intestine of developed tadpoles. Exposure to 1.5μM (0.54mg/l) CPC significantly decreased the growth of embryos and increased developmental abnormalities. The 168-h LC50 and EC50 values of CPC were 1.95μM (0.697mg/l) and 1.48μM (0.531mg/l) in embryos, respectively. In an extended acute toxicity test using tadpoles, the 168-h LC50 value of CPC was 5.07μM (1.82mg/l). In terms of survival and growth rates, the lowest observed effective concentration of CPC was 1.5μM. At sub-lethal concentrations (1.0 and 2.0μM) CPC treatment to embryos increased lipid peroxidation in the intestine and gills of developed tadpoles, indicating that CPC can impose oxidative stress. At 2.0μM CPC, pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak mRNA levels were significantly increased together with DNA fragmentation, indicative of apoptotic cell death. CPC in freshwater system may threaten the normal development of amphibian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Jin Park
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Sang Ha Song
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Dae Han Kim
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
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Antunes SC, Nunes B, Rodrigues S, Nunes R, Fernandes J, Correia AT. Effects of chronic exposure to benzalkonium chloride in Oncorhynchus mykiss: cholinergic neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, peroxidative damage and genotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:115-122. [PMID: 27280532 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is one of the most used conservatives in pharmaceutical preparations. However, its use is limited to a small set of external use formulations, due to its high toxicity. Benzalkonium chloride effects are related to the potential exertion of deleterious effects, mediated via oxidative stress and through interaction with membrane enzymes, leading to cellular damage. To address the ecotoxicity of this specific compound rainbow trouts were chronically exposed to BAC at environmental relevant concentrations (ranging from 0.100 to 1.050mg/L), and the biological response of cholinergic neurotoxicity, modulation of the antioxidant defense, phase II metabolism, lipid peroxidation and genotoxicity was studied. The obtained results showed a dual pattern of antioxidant response, with significant alterations in catalase activity (starting at 0.180mg/L), and lipid peroxidation, for intermediate (0.180 and 0.324mg/L) concentrations. No significant alterations occurred for glutathione-S-transferases activity. An unexpected increased of the acetylcholinesterase activity was also recorded for the individuals exposed to higher concentrations of BAC (starting at 0.180mg/L). Furthermore, exposure to BAC resulted in the establishment of genotoxic alterations, observable (for the specific case of the comet assay results) for all tested BAC concentrations. However, and considering that the oxidative response was not devisable, other mechanisms may be involved in the genotoxic effects reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Antunes
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - B Nunes
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - S Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - R Nunes
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - J Fernandes
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (FCS/UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - A T Correia
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (FCS/UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR-CIMAR), Rua dos Bragas 289, 450-123 Porto, Portugal
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Liu X, Yu FF, Zhong YM, Guo XX, Mao Z. Therapeutic Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate on Ocular Surface Damage Induced by Benzalkonium Chloride Preserved Anti-glaucoma Medications. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:2444-9. [PMID: 26365960 PMCID: PMC4725570 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.164927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long-term use of benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-preserved drugs is often associated with ocular surface toxicity. Ocular surface symptoms had a substantial impact on the glaucoma patients’ quality of life and compliance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium hyaluronate (SH) on ocular surface toxicity induced by BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment. Methods: Fifty-eight patients (101 eyes), who received topical BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment and met the severe dry eye criteria, were included in the analysis. All patients were maintained the original topical anti-glaucoma treatment. In the SH-treated group (56 eyes), unpreserved 0.3% SH eye drops were administered with 3 times daily for 90 days. In the control group (55 eyes), phosphate-buffered saline were administered with 3 times daily for 90 days. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, break-up time (BUT) test, corneal fluorescein staining, corneal and conjunctival rose Bengal staining, Schirmer test, and conjunctiva impression cytology were performed sequentially on days 0 and 91. Results: Compared with the control group, SH-treated group showed decrease in OSDI scores (Kruskal-Wallis test: H = 38.668, P < 0.001), fluorescein and rose Bengal scores (Wilcoxon signed-ranks test: z = −3.843, P < 0.001, and z = −3.508, P < 0.001, respectively), increase in tear film BUT (t-test: t = −10.994, P < 0.001) and aqueous tear production (t-test: t = −10.328, P < 0.001) on day 91. The goblet cell density was increased (t-test: t = −9.981, P < 0.001), and the morphology of the conjunctival epithelium were also improved after SH treatment. Conclusions: SH significantly improved both symptoms and signs of ocular surface damage in patients with BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment. SH could be proposed as a new attempt to reduce ocular surface toxicity, and alleviate symptoms of ocular surface damage in BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Glaucoma, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
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Wakx A, Dutot M, Massicot F, Mascarelli F, Limb GA, Rat P. Amyloid β Peptide Induces Apoptosis Through P2X7 Cell Death Receptor in Retinal Cells: Modulation by Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acid DHA and EPA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:368-81. [PMID: 26467741 PMCID: PMC4718936 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Retinal Müller glial cells have already been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is characterized by accumulation of toxic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ); the question we raise is as follows: is P2X7 receptor, known to play an important role in several degenerative diseases, involved in Aβ toxicity on Müller cells? Retinal Müller glial cells were incubated with Aβ for 48 h. Cell viability was assessed using the alamarBlue assay and cytotoxicity using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. P2X7 receptor expression was highlighted by immunolabeling observed on confocal microscopy and its activation was evaluated by YO-PRO-1 assay. Hoechst 33342 was used to evaluate chromatin condensation, and caspases 8 and 3 activation was assessed using AMC assays. Lipid formulation rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) used in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 was incubated on cells for 15 min prior to Aβ incubation. For the first time, we showed that Aβ induced caspase-independent apoptosis through P2X7 receptor activation on our retinal model. DHA and EPA are polyunsaturated fatty acids recommended in food supplement to prevent AMD. We therefore modulated Aβ cytotoxicity using a lipid formulation rich in DHA and EPA to have a better understanding of the results observed in clinical studies. We showed that fish oil rich in EPA and DHA, in combination with a potent P2X7 receptor antagonist, represents an efficient modulator of Aβ toxicity and that P2X7 could be an interesting therapeutic target to prevent AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Wakx
- />UMR CNRS 8638—Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- />Inserm U598, Physiopathologie des maladies oculaires, Innovations thérapeutiques, Centre de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Mélody Dutot
- />UMR CNRS 8638—Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- />Laboratoire Yslab, 2 rue Félix Le Dantec, 29000 Quimper, France
- />Inserm U598, Physiopathologie des maladies oculaires, Innovations thérapeutiques, Centre de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - France Massicot
- />UMR CNRS 8638—Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- />Inserm U598, Physiopathologie des maladies oculaires, Innovations thérapeutiques, Centre de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Frédéric Mascarelli
- />INSERM U 872—Physiopathologie des maladies oculaires: Innovations thérapeutiques, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, 15 Rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- />Inserm U598, Physiopathologie des maladies oculaires, Innovations thérapeutiques, Centre de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - G. Astrid Limb
- />Division of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, 11 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Patrice Rat
- />UMR CNRS 8638—Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- />Inserm U598, Physiopathologie des maladies oculaires, Innovations thérapeutiques, Centre de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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Alterations in the Secretome of Clinically Relevant Preparations of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cocultured with Hyaluronan. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:421253. [PMID: 26257790 PMCID: PMC4518191 DOI: 10.1155/2015/421253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) can be a debilitating degenerative disease and is the most common form of arthritic disease. There is a general consensus that current nonsurgical therapies are insufficient for younger OA sufferers who are not candidates for knee arthroplasties. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy for the treatment of OA can slow disease progression and lead to neocartilage formation. The mechanism of action is secretion driven. Current clinical preparations from adipose tissue for the treatment of OA include autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF), SVF plus mature adipocytes, and culture-purified MSCs. Herein we have combined these human adipose-derived preparations with Hyaluronan (Hylan G-F 20: Synvisc) in vitro and measured alterations in cytokine profile. SVF plus mature adipocytes showed the greatest decreased in the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IFN-γ, and VEGF. MCP-1 and MIP-1α decreased substantially in the SVF preparations but not the purified MSCs. The purified MSC preparation was the only one to show increase in MIF. Overall the SVF plus mature adipocytes preparation may be most suited of all the preparations for combination with HA for the treatment of OA, based on the alterations of heavily implicated cytokines in OA disease progression. This will require further validation using in vivo models.
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Prabhasawat P, Ruangvaravate N, Tesavibul N, Thewthong M. Effect of 0.3% Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose/Dextran Versus 0.18% Sodium Hyaluronate in the Treatment of Ocular Surface Disease in Glaucoma Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Controlled Study. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015; 31:323-9. [PMID: 26090941 PMCID: PMC4507088 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2014.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of 0.3% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/dextran (HPMC/dextran) and 0.18% sodium hyaluronate (SH) in the treatment of ocular surface disease in patients using antiglaucoma drugs containing preservatives. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study in 70 glaucoma patients with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score greater than 20 points and/or presence of ocular signs. Patients were randomized to receive either preservative-free 0.3% HPMC/dextran (n=35) or preservative-free 0.18% SH (n=35). Treatment was 1 drop in each eye, 4 times a day. Data were collected at baseline, at day 7 and day 28. RESULTS The groups were homogeneous at baseline. At day 28, both treatments showed significant improvements (P<0.05) in the mean OSDI score, lid skin and lid margin inflammation, conjunctival injection, and expressibility of meibomian glands, corneal staining score, fluorescein tear breakup time (FBUT), and Schirmer I test. However, the mean OSDI score, lid margin inflammation and conjunctival injection showed significant improvements (P<0.05) in the SH group at days 7 and 28, compared to the HPMC/dextran group. FBUT and the Schirmer I test also showed significant improvements (P<0.05) in the SH group compared to the HPMC/dextran group, at day 28. No adverse reactions were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS Preservative-free artificial tear, 0.3% HPMC/dextran, and 0.18% SH, caused a significant relief of the ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients. However, 0.18% SH led to a greater improvement in ocular signs and symptoms than 0.3% HPMC/dextran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinnita Prabhasawat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ngamkae Ruangvaravate
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattaporn Tesavibul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Thewthong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
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Antioxidant properties of amniotic membrane: novel observations from a pilot study. Can J Ophthalmol 2015; 49:426-30. [PMID: 25284098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amniotic membrane (AM) is used to manage various debilitated ocular surface conditions. The impact of oxidative stress and free radicals on the ocular surface is increasingly being recognized. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has anti-inflammatory properties and is abundantly present in AM. In this in vitro pilot study, we investigated the potential of AM for intrinsic free radical scavenging properties. METHODS Strips of AM were incubated in sealed tubes with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). After being sonicated, uptake of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by the Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide/Peroxidase assay. For comparison, 1630 kDA HA was used. RESULTS There was uptake of ROS by all AM samples, which decreased with increasing concentrations of H2O2. Mean ROS uptake for 5 different AMs at 1 hour was significantly greater for 50 μM (83%; SD 11.7, SEM 5.23) compared with 100 μM (67%; SD 20.48, SEM 9.16; p = 0.028; 95% CI 2.8-29.2). The HA comparison group showed similar uptake and trend. CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates that AM is able to remove ROS from its environment. Demonstrating total antioxidant capacity in AM provides evidence for use as a free radical scavenger. The antioxidant properties of AM and the contribution from HA require more research.
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Garoby-Salom S, Rouahi M, Mucher E, Auge N, Salvayre R, Negre-Salvayre A. Hyaluronan synthase-2 upregulation protects smpd3-deficient fibroblasts against cell death induced by nutrient deprivation, but not against apoptosis evoked by oxidized LDL. Redox Biol 2014; 4:118-26. [PMID: 25555205 PMCID: PMC4309855 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The neutral type 2 sphingomyelinase (nSMase2) hydrolyzes sphingomyelin and generates ceramide, a major bioactive sphingolipid mediator, involved in growth arrest and apoptosis. The role of nSMase2 in apoptosis is debated, and apparently contradictory results have been observed on fibroblasts isolated from nSMase2-deficient fragilitas ossium (homozygous fro/fro) mice. These mice exhibit a severe neonatal dysplasia, a lack of long bone mineralization and delayed apoptosis patterns of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate. We hypothesized that apoptosis induced by nutrient deprivation, which mimics the environmental modifications of the growth plate, requires nSMase2 activation. In this study, we have compared the resistance of fro/fro fibroblasts to different death inducers (oxidized LDL, hydrogen peroxide and nutrient starvation). The data show that nSMase2-deficient fro/fro cells resist to apoptosis evoked by nutrient starvation (fetal calf serum/glucose/pyruvate-free DMEM), whereas wt fibroblasts die after 48 h incubation in this medium. In contrast, oxidized LDL and hydrogen peroxide are similarly toxic to fro/fro and wt fibroblasts, indicating that nSMase2 is not involved in the mechanism of toxicity evoked by these agents. Interestingly, wt fibroblasts treated with the SMase inhibitor GW4869 were more resistant to starvation-induced apoptosis. The resistance of fro/fro cells to starvation-induced apoptosis is associated with an increased expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) mRNAs and protein, which is inhibited by ceramide. In wt fibroblasts, this HAS2 rise and its protective effect did not occur, but exogenously added HA exhibited a protective effect against starvation-induced apoptosis. The protective mechanism of HAS2 involves an increased expression of the heat-shock protein Hsp72, a chaperone with antiapoptotic activity. Taken together, these results highlight the role of nSMase2 in apoptosis evoked by nutrient starvation that could contribute to the delayed apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate, and emphasize the antiapoptotic properties of HAS2. Apoptosis evoked by oxidized LDL and H2O2 is comparable in fro/fro and wt fibroblasts. fro/fro fibroblasts resist to apoptosis evoked by nutrient starvation. HAS2 increased expression protects fro/fro fibroblasts against apoptosis. HAS2 regulates the expression of the antiapoptotic heat-shock protein HsP72.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Garoby-Salom
- INSERM UMR-1048, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Myriam Rouahi
- INSERM UMR-1048, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Mucher
- INSERM UMR-1048, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Auge
- INSERM UMR-1048, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Robert Salvayre
- INSERM UMR-1048, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Negre-Salvayre
- INSERM UMR-1048, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Fontana G, Thomas D, Collin E, Pandit A. Microgel microenvironment primes adipose-derived stem cells towards an NP cells-like phenotype. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:2012-22. [PMID: 25100329 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy of the degenerated intervertebral disc is limited by the lack of appropriate cell sources, thus new strategies for the differentiation of stem cells towards a nucleus pulposus (NP)-like phenotype need investigation. In the current study, it is hypothesized that spherical niche-like structures composed of type II collagen and hyaluronan (HA) mimic the NP microenvironment and promote the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) towards an NP-like phenotype. ADSCs are embedded in microgels of different concentrations of collagen II/HA. Cells' response to the different environments is studied by characterizing differences in cells' viability, morphology, and gene expression. After 21 days of culture, ADSCs maintain ± 80% viability in all the conditions tested. Moreover, microgels with higher concentration of collagen are stable and maintain cells in a rounder shape. In presence of differentiation media, cells are able to differentiate in all the conditions tested, but in a more pronounced manner in the microgel with a higher concentration of collagen. By tuning microgels' properties, it is possible to influence ADSCs' phenotype and ability to differentiate. Indeed, when cultured in high concentrations of collagen, ADSCs expresses high levels of collagen II, aggrecan, SOX9, and low levels of collagen I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Fontana
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Dilip Thomas
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Estelle Collin
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
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Influence of Different Additives and Their Concentrations on Corneal Toxicity and Antimicrobial Effect of Benzalkonium Chloride. Cornea 2014; 33:521-6. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li JM, Chou HC, Wang SH, Wu CL, Chen YW, Lin ST, Chen YH, Chan HL. Hyaluronic acid-dependent protection against UVB-damaged human corneal cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2013; 54:429-449. [PMID: 23813585 DOI: 10.1002/em.21794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Within ultraviolet radiation, ultraviolet B (UVB) is the most energetic and damaging to humans. At the protein level, UVB irradiation downregulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to lacking of a global analysis of UVB-modulated corneal proteome, we investigate in vitro the mechanism of UVB-induced corneal damage to determine whether hyaluronic acid (HA) is able to reduce UVB irradiation-induced injury in human corneal epithelial cells. Accordingly, human corneal epithelial cell lines (HCE-2) were irradiated with UVB, followed by incubation with low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA, 100 kDa) or high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA, 1,000 kDa) to investigate the physiologic protection of HMW-HA in UVB-induced corneal injury, and to perform a global proteomic analysis. The data demonstrated that HA treatment protects corneal epithelial cells in the UVB-induced wound model, and that the molecular weight of HA is a crucial factor. Only HMW-HA significantly reduces the UVB-induced cytotoxic effects in corneal cells and increases cell migration and wound-healing ability. In addition, proteomic analysis showed that HMW-HA might modulate cytoskeleton regulation, signal transduction, biosynthesis, redox regulation, and protein folding to stimulate wound healing and to prevent these UVB-damaged cells from cell death. Further studies evidenced membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 1 (mPR) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH2) play essential roles in protecting corneal cells from UVB irradiation. This study reports on UVB-modulated cellular proteins that might play an important role in UVB-induced corneal cell injury and show HMW-HA to be a potential substance for protecting corneal cells from UVB-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Wu CL, Chou HC, Li JM, Chen YW, Chen JH, Chen YH, Chan HL. Hyaluronic acid-dependent protection against alkali-burned human corneal cells. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:388-96. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Lin Wu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Department of Applied Science; National Hsinchu University of Education; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Ji-Min Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Materials,; Material and Chemical Research Laboratories; Industrial Technology Research Institute; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Materials,; Material and Chemical Research Laboratories; Industrial Technology Research Institute; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu; Taiwan
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Wang YC, Huang KM. In vitro anti-inflammatory effect of apigenin in the Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 53:376-83. [PMID: 23266501 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori causes extensive gastric epithelial cell inflammation which may progress to atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and even gastric adenocarcinoma. Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, and is a well-known antiinflammatory supplement with low cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin in H. pylori-infected MKN45 cells, for which IκBα, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, IL-1β, and mucin-2 (MUC-2) expressions were examined. Apigenin treatments (9.3-74 μM) significantly increased the IκBα expression, and thus inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, and the inflammatory factor (COX-2, ICAM-1, ROS, IL-6, and IL-8) expressions decreased. The ROS levels decreased partially based on the intrinsic scavenging property of apigenin. In summary, apigenin treatments effectively inhibited NF-κB activation and the related inflammatory factor expressions, as well as increased MUC-2 expression in the H. pylori-infected MKN45 cells. The compound shows great potential as a candidate agent for the inhibition of H. pylori-induced extensive gastric epithelial cell inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chuen Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
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Wang YC, Lin YH. Anti-gastric adenocarcinoma activity of 2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, an anti-Helicobacter pylori compound from Impatiens balsamina L. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1336-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Law CH, Li JM, Chou HC, Chen YH, Chan HL. Hyaluronic acid-dependent protection in H9C2 cardiomyocytes: a cell model of heart ischemia-reperfusion injury and treatment. Toxicology 2012. [PMID: 23178681 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), a glycosaminoglycan with high molecular weight, has been reported to promote cell proliferation and serves as an important extracellular matrix component. The aim of this study was to in vitro investigate whether HA is able to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced heart ischemia-reperfusion injury and activate the cardiomyocyte's damage surveillance systems. Accordingly, rattus cardiomyocyte line, H9C2, was treated with H(2)O(2) as a heart ischemia-reperfusion model followed by incubation with low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA, 100 kDa) or high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA, 1000 kDa) and proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the physiologic protection of HA in H(2)O(2)-induced ischemia-reperfusion in cardiomyocyte. Our data demonstrated that HA treatment does protect cardiomyocyte in the ROS-induced ischemia-reperfusion model and the molecular weight of HA is a crucial factor. HMW-HA has been shown to significantly facilitate cell migration and wound healing via cytoskeletal rearrangement. Additionally, 2D-DIGE combined MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis showed that HMW-HA might modulate biosynthetic pathways, cell migration, cell outgrowth and protein folding to stimulate wound healing as well as prevent these ischemia-reperfusion-damaged cardiomyocytes from cell death. To our knowledge, we report for the first time the cell repair mechanism of HMW-HA against ischemia-reperfusion-damage in cardiomyocytes based on cell biology and proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsuan Law
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Ghazi K, Deng-Pichon U, Warnet JM, Rat P. Hyaluronan fragments improve wound healing on in vitro cutaneous model through P2X7 purinoreceptor basal activation: role of molecular weight. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48351. [PMID: 23173033 PMCID: PMC3500239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background hyaluronan biopolymer is used in dermatology but the underlying mechanism and the impact of its molecular weight have not yet been investigated in skin wound healing. The aim of our work was to study the role of HA molecular weight in the proliferative phase of wound healing and to understand how this physiological biopolymer acts to promote wound healing on a human keratinocyte in vitro model. Methodology and Findings wound healing closure was evaluated using scratch test assay, cell proliferation by counting cell with haemocytometer, expression of CD44 and ZO-1 (protein present in tight junctions specific of epithelia) using flow cytometry, and P2X7 receptor activation on living using a cytoflurometric method. Our study showed that medium hyaluronan fragment (MMW-HA, between 100 and 300 kDa) induced a significant increase in wound closure, increased ZO-1 protein expression and induced a slight activation of P2X7 receptor, contrary to high (between 1000 and 1400 kDa) and low (between 5 and 20 kDa) molecular hyaluronan fragments that had no healing effects. Basal activation of P2X7 receptor is already known to stimulate cell proliferation and this activation in our model plays a pivotal role in MMW-HA-induced wound healing. Indeed, we showed that use of BBG, a specific inhibitor of P2X7 receptor, blocked completely the beneficial effects of MMW-HA on wound healing. Conclusion taken together, our results showed for the first time the relationship between P2X7 receptor and hyaluronan in wound healing, and that topical use of MMW-HA (fragment between 100 and 300 kDa) could represent a new therapeutic strategy to promote healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia Ghazi
- Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire (EA 4463), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Uriell Deng-Pichon
- Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire (EA 4463), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Warnet
- Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire (EA 4463), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Rat
- Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire (EA 4463), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Akasaka J, Uekuri C, Shigetomi H, Koike M, Kobayashi H. Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1β and its physiological importance in endometriosis. Biomed Rep 2012; 1:13-17. [PMID: 24648885 DOI: 10.3892/br.2012.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is associated with pelvic pain and female infertility. Endometriosis induces inflammation and is vulnerable to oxidative stress damage. To update and summarize the literature concerning the mechanisms that serve to protect genomic DNA from the oxidative damage, the present study reviews the English-language literature for biochemical studies on the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1β target genes. Findings demonstrated that retrograde flow of the menstrual blood might give rise to endometriosis. Iron may have a significant impact on endometriosis gene expression. HNF-1β regulates tissue-specific gene expression in endometriosis, as well as the expression of several genes, including CD44v9, which binds several molecules, including hyaluronan, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leukemia-associated Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (LARG), IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain (CD74), cystine transporter subunit (xCT), Fas and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The CD44v9 system is involved in cell migration, growth, survival, anti-apoptosis, immune response and anti-oxidative stress through maintaining higher levels of antioxidants. HNF-1β may serve to alleviate damage and promote survival of cells experiencing stress by upregulating antioxidant protein expression. This review expands current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the oxidative stress protection provided by HNF-1β and provides evidence that elevated HNF-1β activity might be associated with the CD44v9-dependent signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juria Akasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Chiaki Uekuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Matsuki Koike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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Ye J, Zhang H, Wu H, Wang C, Shi X, Xie J, He J, Yang J. Cytoprotective effect of hyaluronic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose against DNA damage induced by thimerosal in Chang conjunctival cells. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 250:1459-66. [PMID: 22729468 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-012-2087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate genotoxicity of the preservative thimerosal (Thi), and the cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of hyaluronic Acid (HA) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on Chang conjunctival cells. METHOD Cells were divided into three groups. One group was exposed to Thi at various concentrations (0.00001 %∼0.001 %) for 30 min; the other two groups were pretreated with 0.3 % HA or 0.3 % HPMC for 30 min before the Thi exposure. After cell viability was evaluated, alkaline comet assay and detection of the phosphorylated form of the histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) foci were used to determine DNA damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed by the fluorescent probe, 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). RESULTS A significant change of cell viability was observed after exposure to 0.001 % Thi for 30 min. DNA single- and double-strand breaks were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner with Thi exposure. In addition, intracellular ROS induced by Thi was dose-dependent, except at 0.001 % less ROS was induced than at 0.0005 %. However, cells pretreated with 0.3 % HA or 0.3 % HPMC showed significantly increased cell survival, decreased DNA damage, and decreased ROS production compared to cells exposed to Thi alone. Pretreatment with 0.3 % HA was found to be even more protective than 0.3 % HPMC. CONCLUSION Thi can induce DNA damage in human conjunctival epithelial cells, probably due to oxidative stress. HA and HPMC are protective agents that have antioxidant properties and can decrease DNA damage induced by Thi. Pretreatment of 0.3 % HA may be more protective of the ocular surface than 0.3 % HPMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Araki R, Nakashima M, Teshima M, Owaki Y, Nakashima MN, Uematsu M, Kitaoka T, Nakamura T, Kitahara T, Sasaki H. Investigation of Protective Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate Eyedrop Against Corneal Epithelial Disorders Using an Electrophysiological Method. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2012; 28:251-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2011.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Araki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mikiro Nakashima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mugen Teshima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Owaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mihoko N. Nakashima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Nakamura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitahara
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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Liu S, Zhang QS, Hester W, O’Brien MJ, Savoie FH, You Z. Hyaluronan protects bovine articular chondrocytes against cell death induced by bupivacaine at supraphysiologic temperatures. Am J Sports Med 2012; 40:1375-83. [PMID: 22427617 PMCID: PMC3665162 DOI: 10.1177/0363546512439025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupivacaine and supraphysiologic temperature can independently reduce cell viability of articular chondrocytes. In combination, these 2 deleterious factors could further impair cell viability. HYPOTHESIS Hyaluronan may protect chondrocytes from death induced by bupivacaine at supraphysiologic temperatures. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Bovine articular chondrocytes were treated with hyaluronan at physiologic (37°C) and supraphysiologic temperatures (45°C and 50°C) for 1 hour and then exposed to bupivacaine for 1 hour at room temperature. Cell viability was assessed at 3 time points: immediately after treatment, 6 hours later, and 24 hours later using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The effects of hyaluronan on the levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycan in the chondrocytes were determined using Alcian blue staining. RESULTS (1) Bupivacaine alone did not induce noticeable chondrocyte death at 37°C; (2) bupivacaine and temperature synergistically increased chondrocyte death, that is, when the chondrocytes were conditioned to 45°C and 50°C, 0.25% and 0.5% bupivacaine increased the cell death rate by 131% to 383% in comparison with the phosphate-buffered saline control group; and (3) addition of hyaluronan reduced chondrocyte death rates to approximately 14% and 25% at 45°C and 50°C, respectively. Hyaluronan's protective effects were still observed at 6 and 24 hours after bupivacaine treatment at 45°C. However, at 50°C, hyaluronan delayed but did not prevent the cell death caused by bupivacaine. One-hour treatment with hyaluronan significantly increased sulfated glycosaminoglycan levels in the chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Bupivacaine and supraphysiologic temperature synergistically increase chondrocyte death, and hyaluronan may protect articular chondrocytes from death caused by bupivacaine. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides a rationale to perform preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate whether intra-articular injection of a mixture of bupivacaine and hyaluronan after arthroscopic surgery may protect against bupivacaine's chondrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liu
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Tulane Institute of Sports Medicine; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Qing-Song Zhang
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Tulane Institute of Sports Medicine; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pu Ai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - William Hester
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Tulane Institute of Sports Medicine; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael J. O’Brien
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Tulane Institute of Sports Medicine; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Felix H. Savoie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Tulane Institute of Sports Medicine; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Tulane Institute of Sports Medicine; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA,Corresponding Author: Zongbing You, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL-49, New Orleans, LA 70112, Phone: 504-988-0467, FAX: 504-988-1687,
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Ye J, Wu H, Wu Y, Wang C, Zhang H, Shi X, Yang J. High molecular weight hyaluronan decreases oxidative DNA damage induced by EDTA in human corneal epithelial cells. Eye (Lond) 2012; 26:1012-20. [PMID: 22595911 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2012.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the toxic effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), a corneal penetration enhancer in topical ophthalmic formulations, on DNA in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEs), and to investigate whether the effect induced by EDTA can be inhibited by high molecular weight hyaluronan (HA). METHODS Cells were exposed to EDTA in concentrations ranging from 0.00001 to 0.01% for 60 min, or 30 min high molecular weight HA pretreatment followed by EDTA treatment. The cell viability was measured by the MTT test. Cell apoptosis was determined with annexin V staining by flow cytometry. The DNA single- and double-strand breaks of HCEs were examined by alkaline comet assay and by immunofluorescence microscope detection of the phosphorylated form of histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) foci, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed by the fluorescent probe, 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. RESULTS EDTA exhibited no adverse effect on cell viability and did not induce cell apoptosis in human corneal epithelial cells at concentrations lower than 0.01%. However, a significant increase of DNA single- and double-strand breaks was observed in a dose-dependent manner with all the concentrations of EDTA tested in HCEs. In addition, EDTA treatment led to elevated ROS generation. Moreover, 30 min preincubation with high molecular weight HA significantly decreased EDTA-induced ROS generation and DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS EDTA could induce DNA damage in HCEs, probably through oxidative stress. Furthermore, high molecular weight HA was an effective protective agent that had antioxidant properties and decreased DNA damage induced by EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are basic building blocks of the ground substance of the extracellular matrix and present at the cellular level as an important component of the glycocalyx covering the cell membrane. In addition to the general role of GAGs in maintaining the integrity of the cell and extracellular matrix by retaining water, certain GAGs exhibit anticoagulant and neuroprotective properties and serve as cell-surface receptors for various molecules. Although heparin, a highly sulfated GAG, has been used as a drug for more than 70 years due to its anticoagulant attributes, the neuroprotective properties of GAGs came into focus only in recent years. The discovery of some of the roles GAGs play in the pathomechanism of numerous neurodegenerative disorders as well as shedding light on the neuroprotective properties of these compounds in animal studies raised the possibility that GAGs may provide an entirely new avenue in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, some GAGs were successfully used to improve the cognitive function of patients with various neurodegenerative conditions (Ban et al. (1991, 1992); Conti et al. (1989a, b); Passeri and Cucinotta, (1989); Santini (1989). Although the mechanism by which the GAGs exhibit neuroprotective properties is not entirely clear, there is a general consensus that the major factors of the neuroprotective attributes of GAGs include the impact of GAGs on amyloidogenesis and the regulatory action of GAGs in the apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dudas
- Neuroendocrine Organization Laboratory, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA 1509, USA.
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