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Almeida J, Magro C, Rosário AR, Mateus EP, Ribeiro AB. Electrodialytic treatment of secondary mining resources for raw materials extraction: Reactor design assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141822. [PMID: 32896788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sustainability of mining activities is compromised due to the high amounts of mining residues generated that have to be disposed of, often in open dams, that may cause environmental deterioration, e.g. release of toxic elements to water supplies. These residues are, however, secondary resources of raw materials. In the case of Panasqueira mine, they even are a source of tungsten, considered a critical raw material. The present work aims to assess the electrodialytic process efficiency for raw materials extraction from Panasqueira mine residues. Experiments were performed with 2 and 3-compartment electrodialytic reactors, applying current intensities between 50 and 100 mA, from 4 to 14 days, and sample suspensions enhanced with NaCl or effluent. Additionally, control experiments with no current application were carried out. The results showed that a 3-compartment reactor operating at 100 mA, with NaCl as supporting electrolyte, presented the highest extraction of copper (13%), tin (10%), tungsten (13%) and arsenic (63%).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Almeida
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - C Magro
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - A R Rosário
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - E P Mateus
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - A B Ribeiro
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Almeida J, Craveiro R, Faria P, Silva AS, Mateus EP, Barreiros S, Paiva A, Ribeiro AB. Electrodialytic removal of tungsten and arsenic from secondary mine resources - Deep eutectic solvents enhancement. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136364. [PMID: 31926419 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten is a critical raw material for European and U.S. economies. Tungsten mine residues, usually considered an environmental burden due to e.g. arsenic content, are also secondary tungsten resources. The electrodialytic (ED) process and deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been successfully and independently applied for the extraction of metals from different complex environmental matrices. In this study a proof of concept demonstrates that coupling DES in a two-compartment ED set-up enhances the removal and separation of arsenic and tungsten from Panasqueira mine secondary resources. Choline chloride with malonic acid (1:2), and choline chloride with oxalic acid (1:1) were the DES that in batch extracted the average maximum contents of arsenic (16%) and tungsten (9%) from the residues. However, when ED was operated at a current intensity of 100 mA for 4 days, the extraction yields increased 22% for arsenic and 11% for tungsten, comparing to the tests with no current. From the total arsenic and tungsten extracted, 82% and 77% respectively were successfully removed from the matrix compartment, as they electromigrated to the anolyte compartment, from where these elements can be further separated. This achievement potentiates circular economy, as the final treated residue could be incorporated in construction materials production, mitigating current environmental problems in both mining and construction sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Almeida
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; CERIS and Department of Civil Engineering, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - R Craveiro
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - P Faria
- CERIS and Department of Civil Engineering, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - A S Silva
- Department of Materials, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E P Mateus
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - S Barreiros
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - A Paiva
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - A B Ribeiro
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Lazo A, Lazo P, Urtubia A, Lobos MG, Gutiérrez C, Hansen HK. Copper Analysis by Two Different Procedures of Sequential Extraction after Electrodialytic Remediation of Mine Tailings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3957. [PMID: 31627367 PMCID: PMC6843973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of Cu distribution in pre-treated mine tailings after electrodialytic remediation was carried out by using two methods of sequential extraction. The initial content of copper in the tailings was 1109 mg Cu/kg of dry tailing, where close to 40% of the sample in weight corresponded to a soluble fraction. The tailing was treated with a leaching solution for 24 h. Three different solutions were tested: H2SO4 + HNO3 with pH = 1.9; H2SO4 + HNO3 with pH = 4.2; and NH4Cl 0.8 mol/L with pH = 5.5. After that, electrodialytic remediation experiments were carried out using an electric field of 2.7 V/cm for 15 days. The best performance for the complete cell was obtained with H2SO4 + HNO3 solutions, with a copper removal efficiency in the range of 62% to 67% and a current efficiency between 6% and 9%. The results of the remaining copper concentration between anode and cathode, from both procedures of sequential extraction, showed similar trends. The differences were mainly attributed to the use of different extractant solutions and extraction times. Soluble and exchangeable fractions were easily removed, with efficiencies higher than 80%. The lowest copper removal efficiency was obtained with NH4Cl 0.8 mol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lazo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Pamela Lazo
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Alejandra Urtubia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
- Centro Científico Tecnológico de Valparaíso, CCTVaL, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
- Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay, CBDAL, General Bari 699, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - María Gabriela Lobos
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Claudia Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Henrik K Hansen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
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Lazo A, Hansen HK, Lazo P, Gutiérrez C. Application of a Sequential Extraction Method for Analyzing Cu Distribution in Pre-Treated Mine Tailings after Electrodialytic Remediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E584. [PMID: 30781600 PMCID: PMC6406367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mine tailings have been analyzed by a sequential extraction procedure after their pre-treatment with a leaching solution for 24 h and electrodialytic remediation during 15 days with a constant electric field of 2.7 V cm-1. Four leaching solutions were tested: H₂SO₄ + HNO₃ (2:1 vol.) pH = 1.9; H₂SO₄ + HNO₃ (2:1 vol) pH = 4.2; NH₄Cl 0.8M, pH = 5.5 and 30% H₂O₂ adjusted to pH 2 with HNO₃ 1M + HCl 1M. After the treatment, the tailings were divided in six slices from anode to cathode. The highest removal efficiency of copper was obtained with H₂SO₄ + HNO₃ pH = 1.9, which allows one to remove 67% of the copper in the total cell and 85% of the copper in the slice closest to anode. The same solution with pH = 4.2 allows one to remove 62% of the total copper. The analysis realized by the sequential extraction method indicates the easy removal of water-soluble and exchangeable fractions in all experiments, moreover, residual and sulfide are the less mobile fractions. The general trend was the movement of copper associated to different fractions from anode to cathode and its accumulation closest to the cathode in the case of exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxides and acid soluble fractions, possibly due to some precipitation of copper compounds associated with less acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lazo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Henrik K Hansen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Pamela Lazo
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Claudia Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
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Pedersen KB, Jensen PE, Sternal B, Ottosen LM, Henning MV, Kudahl MM, Junttila J, Skirbekk K, Frantzen M. Long-term dispersion and availability of metals from submarine mine tailing disposal in a fjord in Arctic Norway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32901-32912. [PMID: 28550634 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mining of Cu took place in Kvalsund in the Arctic part of Norway in the 1970s, and mine tailings were discharged to the inner part of the fjord, Repparfjorden. Metal speciation analysis was used to assess the historical dispersion of metals as well as their potential bioavailability from the area of the mine tailing disposal. It was revealed that the dispersion of Ba, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn from the mine tailings has been limited. Dispersion of Cu to the outer fjord has, however, occurred; the amounts released and dispersed from the mine tailing disposal area quantified to be 2.5-10 t, less than 5% of Cu in the original mine tailings. An estimated 80-390 t of Cu still remains in the disposal area from the surface to a depth of 16 cm. Metal partitioning showed that 56-95% of the Cu is bound in the potential bioavailable fractions (exchangeable, reducible and oxidisable) of the sediments, totalling approximately 70-340 t, with potential for continuous release to the pore water and re-precipitation in over- and underlying sediments. Surface sediments in the deposit area were affected by elevated Cu concentrations just above the probable effect level according to the Norwegian sediment quality criteria, with 50-80% Cu bound in the exchangeable, reducible and oxidisable fractions, potentially available for release to the water column and/or for uptake in benthic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine B Pedersen
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, 9007, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Pernille E Jensen
- Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Beata Sternal
- Department of Geosciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Dramsveien 201, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 12, 61-680, Poznań, Poland
| | - Lisbeth M Ottosen
- Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mie Vesterskov Henning
- Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Manja Marie Kudahl
- Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Juho Junttila
- Department of Geosciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Dramsveien 201, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kari Skirbekk
- Department of Geosciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Dramsveien 201, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marianne Frantzen
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, 9007, Tromsø, Norway
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Pedersen KB, Reinardy HC, Jensen PE, Ottosen LM, Junttila J, Frantzen M. The influence of Magnafloc10 on the acidic, alkaline, and electrodialytic desorption of metals from mine tailings. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 224:130-139. [PMID: 30036807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Repparfjorden in northern Norway has been partly designated for submarine mine tailings disposal when the adjacent Cu mine re-opens in 2019. In order to increase sedimentation, the flocculant, Magnafloc10 is planned to be added to the mine tailings prior to discharge into the fjord. This study investigated the feasibility of reducing the Cu concentrations (375 mg/kg) in the mine tailings by applying electrodialytic extraction, including potential optimisation by adding Magnafloc10. In the acidic electrodialytic treatment (pH < 2), Magnafloc10 increased the extraction of Cu from the mine tailings particles from 76 to 86%, and the flocs with adsorbed metals were separated from the tailings solids by the electric field (1 mA/cm2). The electric energy consumption increased with the use of Magnafloc10 (from 17 to 30 kWh/g Cu extracted), due to lower conductivity in the liquid phase and clogging of the membrane by the flocs. In the alkaline electrodialytic treatment (pH > 12), Magnafloc10 reduced the extraction of Cu from 17% to 0.7%, due to the flocs remaining in the tailing slurries. The electric energy consumption per extracted Cu was similar in the acidic and alkaline electrodialytic treatments without the addition of Magnafloc10. In the alkaline electrodialytic treatment, the extraction of other metals was low (<2%), however longer treatment time is necessary to achieve similar Cu extraction as in the acidic electrodialysis. Depending on the target and timescale for treatment, acidic and alkaline electrodialysis can be employed to reduce the Cu concentration in the mine tailings thereby reducing the metal toxicity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine B Pedersen
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Helena C Reinardy
- Department of Arctic Technology, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
| | - Pernille E Jensen
- Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth M Ottosen
- Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Juho Junttila
- Department of Geosciences, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Dramsveien 201, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marianne Frantzen
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007, Tromsø, Norway
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7
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Villen-Guzman M, Guedes P, Couto N, Ottosen LM, Ribeiro AB, Rodriguez-Maroto JM. Electrodialytic phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash under kinetic control. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Acid mine drainage: electrochemical approaches to prevention and remediation of acidity and toxic metals. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-015-0884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Gomes HI, Ottosen LM, Ribeiro AB, Dias-Ferreira C. Treatment of a suspension of PCB contaminated soil using iron nanoparticles and electric current. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 151:550-555. [PMID: 25601386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated soils and sediments with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are an important environmental problem due to the persistence of these synthetic aromatic compounds and to the lack of a cost-effective and sustainable remediation technology. Recently, a new experimental setup has been proposed using electrodialytic remediation and iron nanoparticles. The current work compares the performance of this new setup (A) with conventional electrokinetics (setup B). An historically contaminated soil with an initial PCB concentration of 258 μg kg(-1) was treated during 5, 10, 20 and 45 d using different amounts of iron nanoparticles in both setups A and B. A PCB removal of 83% was obtained in setup A compared with 58% of setup B. Setup A also showed additional advantages, such as a higher PCB dechlorination, in a shorter time, with lower nZVI consumption, and with the use of half of the voltage gradient when compared with the traditional setup (B). Energy and nZVI costs for a full-scale reactor are estimated at 72 € for each cubic meter of PCB contaminated soil treated on-site, making this technology competitive when compared with average off-site incineration (885 € m(-3)) or landfilling (231 € m(-3)) cost in Europe and in the USA (327 USD m(-3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena I Gomes
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; CERNAS - Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Escola Superior Agraria de Coimbra, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lisbeth M Ottosen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Brovej, Building 117, DK 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexandra B Ribeiro
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Celia Dias-Ferreira
- CERNAS - Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Escola Superior Agraria de Coimbra, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
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Dias-Ferreira C, Kirkelund GM, Ottosen LM. Ammonium citrate as enhancement for electrodialytic soil remediation and investigation of soil solution during the process. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:889-895. [PMID: 25240953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seven electrodialytic experiments were conducted using ammonium citrate as enhancing agent to remediate copper and chromium-contaminated soil from a wood-preservation site. The purpose was to investigate the effect of current density (0.2, 1.0 and 1.5 mA cm(-2)), concentration of enhancing agent (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 M) and remediation times (21, 42 and 117 d) for the removal of Cu and Cr from a calcareous soil. To gain insight on metal behavior, soil solution was periodically collected using suction cups. It was seen that current densities higher than 1.0 mA cm(-2) did not increase removal and thus using too high current densities can be a waste of energy. Desorption rate is important and both remediation time and ammonium citrate concentration are relevant parameters. It was possible to collect soil solution samples following an adaptation of the experimental set-up to ensure continuous supply of ammonium citrate to the soil in order to keep it saturated during the remediation. Monitoring soil solution gives valuable information on the evolution of remediation and helps deciding when the soil is remediated. Final concentrations in the soil ranged from 220 to 360 mg Cu kg(-1) (removals: 78-86%) and 440-590 mg Cr kg(-1) (removals: 35-51%), being within the 500 mg kg(-1) limit for a clean soil only for Cu. While further optimization is still required for Cr, the removal percentages are the highest achieved so far, for a real Cu and Cr-contaminated, calcareous soil. The results highlight EDR potential to remediate metal polluted soils at neutral to alkaline pH by choosing a good enhancement solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Dias-Ferreira
- CERNAS - Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Escola Superior Agraria de Coimbra, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Gunvor M Kirkelund
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Lisbeth M Ottosen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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11
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Gomes HI, Dias-Ferreira C, Ribeiro AB. Electrokinetic remediation of organochlorines in soil: enhancement techniques and integration with other remediation technologies. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:1077-1090. [PMID: 22386462 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation has been increasingly used in soils and other matrices for numerous contaminants such as inorganic, organic, radionuclides, explosives and their mixtures. Several strategies were tested to improve this technology effectiveness, namely techniques to solubilize contaminants, control soil pH and also couple electrokinetics with other remediation technologies. This review focus in the experimental work carried out in organochlorines soil electroremediation, aiming to systemize useful information to researchers in this field. It is not possible to clearly state what technique is the best, since experimental approaches and targeted contaminants are different. Further research is needed in the application of some of the reviewed techniques. Also a number of technical and environmental issues will require evaluation for full-scale application. Removal efficiencies reported in real contaminated soils are much lower than the ones obtained with spiked kaolinite, showing the influence of other factors like aging of the contamination and adsorption to soil particles, resulting in important challenges when transferring technologies into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena I Gomes
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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12
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Soundarrajan C, Sivasankar A, Maruthamuthu S, Veluchamy A. Improved lead recovery and sulphate removal from used lead acid battery through electrokinetic technique. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 217-218:452-456. [PMID: 22483596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents improvement in lead (Pb) recovery and sulphate removal from used Pb acid battery (ULAB) through Electrokinetic technique, a process aimed to eliminate environmental pollution that arises due to emission of gases and metal particles from the existing high temperature pyrometallurgical process. Two different cell configurations, (1) one with Nafion membrane placed between anode and middle compartments and Agar membrane between cathode and middle compartments and (2) another with only Agar membrane placed between both sides of the middle compartments were designed for the Pb and sulphate separation from ULAB. This paper concludes that the cell with only Agar membranes performed better than the cell with Nafion and Agar membranes in combinations and also explains the mechanism underlying the chemical and electrochemical processes in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Soundarrajan
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, India
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13
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Murillo-Rivera B, González I, Oropeza-Guzman MT, Escobar-Guerrero V, Sumbarda-Ramos EG, Teutli-León MMM. Evaluation of lead removal from sandy soils using different electrolytes in electrokinetic experiments: prospective for remediation of a real site contaminated with mining wastes. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-010-0085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Jensen PE, Ferreira CMD, Hansen HK, Rype JU, Ottosen LM, Villumsen A. Electroremediation of air pollution control residues in a continuous reactor. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-010-0090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim DH, Jeon CS, Baek K, Ko SH, Yang JS. Electrokinetic remediation of fluorine-contaminated soil: conditioning of anolyte. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 161:565-569. [PMID: 18462872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of anolyte conditioning on electrokinetic remediation of fluorine-contaminated soil was investigated with a field soil. The initial concentration of fluorine, pH and water content in the soil were 414mg/kg, 8.91 and 15%, respectively. Because the extraction of fluorine generally increased with the soil pH, the pH of the anode compartment was controlled by circulating strong alkaline solution to enhance the extraction of fluorine during electrokinetic remediation. The removal of fluorine increased with the concentration of the alkaline solution and applied current density and fluorine removed up to 75.6% within 14 days. Additionally, anolyte conditioning sharply increased the electro-osmotic flow, which enhanced the removal of fluorine in this study. In many respects, anolyte conditioning in electrokinetic remediation of fluorine-contaminated soil will be a promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 1 Yangho-dong, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 730-701, Republic of Korea
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Ottosen LM, Christensen IV, Rorig-Dalgård I, Jensen PE, Hansen HK. Utilization of electromigration in civil and environmental engineering--processes, transport rates and matrix changes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2008; 43:795-809. [PMID: 18569289 DOI: 10.1080/10934520801973949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electromigration (movement of ions in an applied electric field) is utilized for supply or extraction of ions from various porous materials within both civil and environmental engineering. In civil engineering, most research has been conducted on the removal of chlorides from concrete to hinder reinforcement corrosion while in environmental engineering remediation of heavy metal polluted soil is the issue most studied. Never the less, experiments have been conducted with utilization for several other materials and purposes within both engineering fields. Even though there are many topics of common interest in the use of electromigration for the two fields, there is no tradition for collaboration. The present paper is a review with the aim of pointing out areas of shared interest. Focus is laid on the purposes of the different processes, transport rates of various ions in different materials and on changes in the matrix itself. Desorption and dissolution of the target elements into ionic form is a key issue to most of the processes, and can be the limiting step. The removal rate is generally below 1 cm day(- 1), but it can be much less than 1 mm day(- 1) when desorption is slow and insufficient. Matrix changes occurs under the action of the applied electric field and it includes both physico-chemical and hydrological changes. Some of the solid phases is weathered and new can be formed. Increased fundamental understanding of the effects and side effects, when applying the electric field to a porous material, can lead to improvement of the known technologies and possibly to new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth M Ottosen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Khan J, Tripathi BP, Saxena A, Shahi VK. Electrochemical membrane reactor: In situ separation and recovery of chromic acid and metal ions. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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