1
|
Ghorbanian A, Rowshanzamir S, Mehri F. Enhanced brackish water desalination in capacitive deionization with composite Zn-BTC MOF-incorporated electrodes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14999. [PMID: 38951566 PMCID: PMC11217474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, composite electrodes with metal-organic framework (MOF) for brackish water desalination via capacitive deionization (CDI) were developed. The electrodes contained activated carbon (AC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and zinc-benzene tricarboxylic acid (Zn-BTC) MOF in varying proportions, improving their electrochemical performance. Among them, the E4 electrode with 6% Zn-BTC MOF exhibited the best performance in terms of CV and EIS analyses, with a specific capacity of 88 F g-1 and low ion charge transfer resistance of 4.9 Ω. The E4 electrode showed a 46.7% increase in specific capacitance compared to the E1 electrode, which did not include the MOF. Physicochemical analyses, including XRD, FTIR, FESEM, BET, EDS, elemental mapping, and contact angle measurements, verified the superior properties of the E4 electrode compared to E1, showcasing successful MOF synthesis, desirable pore size, elemental and particle-size distribution of materials, and the superior hydrophilicity enhancement. By evaluating salt removal capacity (SRC) in various setups using an initially 100.0 mg L-1 NaCl feed solution, the asymmetric arrangement of E1 and E4 electrodes outperformed symmetric arrangements, achieving a 21.1% increase in SRC to 6.3 mg g-1. This study demonstrates the potential of MOF-incorporated electrodes for efficient CDI desalination processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirshahriar Ghorbanian
- Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Soosan Rowshanzamir
- Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
- Center of Excellence for Membrane Science and Technology, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Foad Mehri
- Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bakola V, Kotrotsiou O, Ntziouni A, Dragatogiannis D, Plakantonaki N, Trapalis C, Charitidis C, Kiparissides C. Development of Composite Nanostructured Electrodes for Water Desalination via Membrane Capacitive Deionization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300640. [PMID: 38184786 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Novel two-layer nanostructured electrodes are successfully prepared for their application in membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) processes. Nanostructured carbonaceous materials such as graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as well as activated carbon (AC) are dispersed in a solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), mixed with polyacrylic acid (PAA) or polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC), and subsequently cast on the top surface of an AC-based modified graphite electrode to form a thin composite layer that is cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is performed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the composite electrodes and desalination experiments are conducted in batch mode using a MCDI unit cell to investigate the effects of i) the nanostructured carbonaceous material, ii) its concentration in the polymer blend, and iii) the molecular weight of the polymers on the desalination efficiency of the system. Comparative studies with commercial membranes are performed proving that the composite nanostructured electrodes are more efficient in salt removal. The improved performance of the composite electrodes is attributed to the ion exchange properties of the selected polymers and the increased specific capacitance of the nanostructured carbonaceous materials. This research paves the way for wider application of MCDI in water desalination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veroniki Bakola
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Department of Chemical Engineering, University Campus, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Olympia Kotrotsiou
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Afroditi Ntziouni
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou Street, Zografos, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Dimitris Dragatogiannis
- DELTA-MPIS, Technological Park of Lefkippos, Neapoleos and Patriarchou Grigoriou St, Agia Paraskevi, Attikis, Athens, 15341, Greece
| | - Niki Plakantonaki
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Attikis, Athens, 15341, Greece
| | - Christos Trapalis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Attikis, Athens, 15341, Greece
| | - Costas Charitidis
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou Street, Zografos, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Costas Kiparissides
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Department of Chemical Engineering, University Campus, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Wan K, Yan J, Li Q, Guo Y, Huang L, Arulmani SRB, Luo J. The function of doping nitrogen on removing fluoride with decomposing La-MOF-NH 2: Density functional theory calculation and experiments. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:118-129. [PMID: 37778789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is an important pollutant in wastewater, and adsorption is an effective way to remove fluoride. Because nitrogen plays an important role in adsorbent materials, computational models were developed to understand the changes in work function resulting from nitrogen doping. La-N-C-800°C, was prepared by pyrolyzing La-MOF-NH2 to verify the influence on the performance of removing fluoride by electrosorption. Material and electrochemical performance tests were performed to characterize La-N-C-800°C. Adsorption kinetics, adsorption thermodynamics, initial concentrations, pH, and ions competition were investigated using La-N-C-800°C for fluoride removal. In addition, density functional theory was applied to evaluate the function of nitrogen. When nitrogen atoms were added, the density of states, partial density of states, populations, and different orbits of charge were calculated to discover deep changes. Nitrogen strengthened the carbon structure and La2O3 structure to remove fluoride. In addition, nitrogen can also act as an adsorption site in the carbon structure. These results provide design ideas for improving the performance of adsorbent materials by doping elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kuilin Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yufang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | | | - Jian Luo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elewa MM, El Batouti M, Al-Harby NF. A Comparison of Capacitive Deionization and Membrane Capacitive Deionization Using Novel Fabricated Ion Exchange Membranes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4872. [PMID: 37445186 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Another technique for desalination, known as membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI), has been investigated as an alternative. This approach has the potential to lower the voltage that is required, in addition to improving the ability to renew the electrodes. In this study, the desalination effectiveness of capacitive deionization (CDI) was compared to that of MCDI, employing newly produced cellulose acetate ion exchange membranes (IEMs), which were utilized for the very first time in MCDI. As expected, the salt adsorption and charge efficiency of MCDI were shown to be higher than those of CDI. Despite this, the unique electrosorption behavior of the former reveals that ion transport via the IEMs is a crucial rate-controlling step in the desalination process. We monitored the concentration of salt in the CDI and MCDI effluent streams, but we also evaluated the pH of the effluent stream in each of these systems and investigated the factors that may have caused these shifts. The significant change in pH that takes place during one adsorption and desorption cycle in CDI (pH range: 2.3-11.6) may cause problems in feed water that already contains components that are prone to scaling. In the case of MCDI, the fall in pH was only slightly more noticeable. Based on these findings, it appears that CDI and MCDI are promising new desalination techniques that has the potential to be more ecologically friendly and efficient than conventional methods of desalination. MCDI has some advantages over CDI in its higher salt removal efficiency, faster regeneration, and longer lifetime, but it is also more expensive and complex. The best choice for a particular application will depend on the specific requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elewa
- Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria P.O. Box 1029, Egypt
| | - Mervette El Batouti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Nouf F Al-Harby
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vijayan P. P, Chithra P.G, Krishna S V A, Ansar E.B, Parameswaranpillai J. Development and Current Trends on Ion Exchange Materials. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2149413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Vijayan P.
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College for Women (affiliated to University of Kerala), Kollam, India
| | - Chithra P.G
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College for Women (affiliated to University of Kerala), Kollam, India
| | - Anjana Krishna S V
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College for Women (affiliated to University of Kerala), Kollam, India
| | - Ansar E.B
- Department of chemistry, MES Asmabi College, Kodungallur, Thrissur, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
El-Deen AG, El-kholly HK, Ali MEM, Ibrahim HS, Zahran M, Helal M, Choi JH. Polystyrene sulfonate coated activated graphene aerogel for boosting desalination performance using capacitive deionization. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
7
|
Wang C, Ren LF, Ying D, Jia J, Shao J. Enhancing performance of capacitive deionization under high voltage by suppressing anode oxidation using a novel membrane coating electrode. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
8
|
Liu Y, Wang K, Xu X, Eid K, Abdullah AM, Pan L, Yamauchi Y. Recent Advances in Faradic Electrochemical Deionization: System Architectures versus Electrode Materials. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13924-13942. [PMID: 34498859 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an energy-efficient desalination technique. However, the maximum desalination capacity of conventional carbon-based CDI systems is approximately 20 mg g-1, which is too low for practical applications. Therefore, the focus of research on CDI has shifted to the development of faradic electrochemical deionization systems using electrodes based on faradic materials which have a significantly higher ion-storage capacity than carbon-based electrodes. In addition to the common symmetrical CDI system, there has also been extensive research on innovative systems to maximize the performance of faradic electrode materials. Research has focused primarily on faradic reactions and faradic electrode materials. However, the correlation between faradic electrode materials and the various electrochemical deionization system architectures, i.e., hybrid capacitive deionization, rocking-chair capacitive deionization, and dual-ion intercalation electrochemical desalination, remains relatively unexplored. This has inhibited the design of specific faradic electrode materials based on the characteristics of individual faradic electrochemical desalination systems. In this review, we have characterized faradic electrode materials based on both their material category and the electrochemical desalination system in which they were utilized. We expect that the detailed analysis of the properties, advantages, and challenges of the individual systems will establish a fundamental correlation between CDI systems and electrode materials that will facilitate future developments in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xingtao Xu
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kamel Eid
- Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Likun Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feng J, Liu L, Meng Q. Enhanced electrochemical and capacitive deionization performance of metal organic framework/holey graphene composite electrodes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 582:447-458. [PMID: 32896674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we designed and prepared a novel metal organic framework (MOF)/holey graphene (HG) composites as electrode materials for electrochemistry and capacitive deionization (CDI). The MOF nanoparticles were attached to the surface of the HG sheets to form layered porous structure, which promoted the transport of ions and electrons in the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Additionally, the synergistic effect of these composite electrodes, which combined pseudocapacitance performance of MOF and the high conductivity of graphene, contributed to enhancing the performance of electrochemistry and CDI. The MOF/HG-2 exhibited high capacitances of 526 F g-1 at current rates of 0.1 A g-1, low charge transfer resistance of 0.53 Ω, and excellent cycling stability (retention of about 90.3% after 5000 cycles at 2 A g-1). As electrode materials for CDI, the MOF/HG-2 displayed a remarkable electrosorption capacity of 39.6 mg g-1 with initial salt concentration of 800 mg L-1, and there was no obvious attenuation after 20 CDI regeneration cycles. These results confirmed that MOF/HG was a promising electrode material for the actual application of CDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qinghan Meng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Effect of Slurry Wet Mixing Time, Thermal Treatment, and Method of Electrode Preparation on Membrane Capacitive Deionisation Performance. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capacitive deionisation (CDI) electrodes with identical composition were prepared using three deposition methods: (1) slurry infiltration by calendering (SIC), (2) ink infiltration dropwise (IID), and (3) ink deposition by spray coating (IDSC). The SIC method clearly showed favourable establishment of an electrode with superior desalination capacity. Desalination results showed that electrodes produced from slurries mixed longer than 30 min displayed a significant reduction in the maximum salt adsorption capacity, due to the agglomeration of carbon black. The electrodes were then thermally treated at 130, 250, and 350 °C. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) decomposition was observed when the electrodes were treated at temperatures higher than 180 °C. The electrodes treated at 350 °C showed contact angles of θ = 0°. The optimised electrodes showed a salt adsorption capacity value of 24.8 mg/g (130 °C). All CDI electrodes were analysed using specific surface area by N2 adsorption, contact angle measurements, conductivity by the four-point probe method and salt adsorption/desorption experiments. Selected reagents and CDI electrodes were characterised using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Electrode structure and the development of the critical balance between ion- and electron- conductive pathways were found to be a function of the electrode slurry mixing procedure, slurry deposition technique and thermal treatment of the electrodes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao X, Wei H, Zhao H, Wang Y, Tang N. Electrode materials for capacitive deionization: A review. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
McNair R, Cseri L, Szekely G, Dryfe R. Asymmetric Membrane Capacitive Deionization Using Anion-Exchange Membranes Based on Quaternized Polymer Blends. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2020; 2:2946-2956. [PMID: 32905369 PMCID: PMC7469241 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) for water desalination is an innovative technique that could help to solve the global water scarcity problem. However, the development of the MCDI field is hindered by the limited choice of ion-exchange membranes. Desalination by MCDI removes the salt (solute) from the water (solvent); this can drastically reduce energy consumption compared to traditional desalination practices such as distillation. Herein, we outline the fabrication and characterization of quaternized anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) based on polymer blends of polyethylenimine (PEI) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) that provides an efficient membrane for MCDI. Flat sheet polymer membranes were prepared by solution casting, heat treatment, and phase inversion, followed by modification to impart anion-exchange character. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology and chemical composition of the membranes. The as-prepared membranes displayed high ion-exchange capacity (IEC), hydrophilicity, permselectivity and low area resistance. Due to the addition of PEI, the high density of quaternary ammonium groups increased the IEC and permselectivity of the membranes, while reducing the area resistance relative to pristine PBI AEMs. Our PEI/PBI membranes were successfully employed in asymmetric MCDI for brackish water desalination and exhibited an increase in both salt adsorption capacity (>3×) and charge efficiency (>2×) relative to membrane-free CDI. The use of quaternized polymer blend membranes could help to achieve greater realization of industrial scale MCDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert McNair
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M1 3BB, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Levente Cseri
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M1 3BB, U.K.
| | - Gyorgy Szekely
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M1 3BB, U.K.
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Dryfe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaya SI, Karabulut TC, Kurbanoglu S, Ozkan SA. Chemically Modified Electrodes in Electrochemical Drug Analysis. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190304140433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrode modification is a technique performed with different chemical and physical methods
using various materials, such as polymers, nanomaterials and biological agents in order to enhance
sensitivity, selectivity, stability and response of sensors. Modification provides the detection of small
amounts of analyte in a complex media with very low limit of detection values. Electrochemical methods
are well suited for drug analysis, and they are all-purpose techniques widely used in environmental
studies, industrial fields, and pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses. In this review, chemically modified
electrodes are discussed in terms of modification techniques and agents, and recent studies related
to chemically modified electrodes in electrochemical drug analysis are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sariye I. Kaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tutku C. Karabulut
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tan G, Lu S, Xu N, Gao D, Zhu X. Pseudocapacitive Behaviors of Polypyrrole Grafted Activated Carbon and MnO 2 Electrodes to Enable Fast and Efficient Membrane-Free Capacitive Deionization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5843-5852. [PMID: 32243751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a promising technique for brackish water desalination. Here, composites of polypyrrole grafted activated carbon (Ppy/AC) were prepared via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole on AC particles. The Ppy/AC cathode was then coupled with a MnO2 anode for desalination in a membrane-free CDI cell. Both the Ppy/AC and MnO2 electrodes exhibited pseudocapacitive behaviors, which can selectively and reversibly intercalate Cl- (Ppy/AC) and Na+ (MnO2) ions. Compared to AC electrodes, the specific capacitances of Ppy/AC electrodes increased concurrently with the pyrrole ratios from 0 to 10%, while the charge transfer and ionic diffusion resistances decreased. As a result, the 10%Ppy/AC-MnO2 cell showed a maximum salt removal capacity of 52.93 mg g-1 (total mass of active materials) and 34.15 mg g-1 (total mass of electrodes), which was higher than those of conventional, membrane, and hybrid CDI cells. More notably, the salt removal rate of the 10%Ppy/AC-MnO2 cell (max 0.46 mg g-1 s-1 to the total mass of active materials and 0.30 mg g-1 s-1 to the total mass of electrodes) was nearly 1 order of magnitude higher than those in most previous CDI studies, and this fast and efficient desalination performance was stabilized over 50 cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Sidan Lu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Nan Xu
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Nanoporous Water Treatment Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dingxue Gao
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Nanoporous Water Treatment Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiuping Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li D, Ning XA, Yuan Y, Hong Y, Zhang J. Ion-exchange polymers modified bacterial cellulose electrodes for the selective removal of nitrite ions from tail water of dyeing wastewater. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 91:62-72. [PMID: 32172983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ion-exchange polymer and modified carbonization bacterial cellulose (CBC) electrodes were fabricated using varying amounts of cation-exchange polymers (glutaric acid (GA) and sulfosuccinic acid (SSA)) and assembled within an asymmetric capacitive deionization unit (p-CDI). The performance of selective NO2- electro-adsorption was studied. The AC/CBC-SSA group showed a better salt adsorption capacity (14.56 mg/g) and nitrite removal efficiency (71.01%) than the AC/CBC-GA (10.72 mg/g, 47.83%) and AC/AC (4.81 mg/g, 12.74%) groups. It was confirmed that the CBC-SSA/GA electrodes enhanced nitrite selectivity and increased the adsorption capacity, and the total amounts of adsorbed anions increased when the applied voltage was increased from 0.8 to 1.2 V, while the molar fraction of nitrate decreased. The competitive and preferential adsorption of anions was further investigated using different binary solutions of anions and occurred in the following sequence: NO2- >SO42- >NO3- >F-≈ Cl-. Furthermore, the p-CDI units were applied to remove nitrite in real wastewater samples, and the results showed that they had excellent reusability and application for use in dyeing wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danping Li
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xun-An Ning
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yiqian Yuan
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanxiang Hong
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianpei Zhang
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Delgado A, Jiménez M, Iglesias G, Ahualli S. Electrical double layers as ion reservoirs: applications to the deionization of solutions. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
17
|
Dorji P, Kim DI, Jiang J, Choi J, Phuntsho S, Hong S, Shon HK. Bromide and iodide selectivity in membrane capacitive deionisation, and its potential application to reduce the formation of disinfection by-products in water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:536-544. [PMID: 31229715 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The formation of toxic disinfection by-products during water disinfection due to the presence of bromide and iodide is a major concern. Current treatment technologies such as membrane, adsorption and electrochemical processes have been known to have limitations such as high energy demand and excessive chemical use. In this study, the selectivity between bromide and iodide, and their removal in membrane capacitive deionisation (MCDI) was evaluated. The results showed that iodide was more selectively removed over bromide from several binary feed waters containing bromide and iodide under various initial concentrations and applied voltages. Even in the presence of significant background concentration of sodium chloride, definite selectivity of iodide over bromide was observed. The high partial-charge transfer coefficient of iodide compared to bromide could be a feasible explanation for high iodide selectivity since both bromide and iodide have similar ionic charge and hydrated radius. The result also shows that MCDI can be a potential alternative for the removal of bromide and iodide during water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pema Dorji
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - David Inhyuk Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiaxi Jiang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jongmoon Choi
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Seungkwan Hong
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hand S, Shang X, Guest JS, Smith KC, Cusick RD. Global Sensitivity Analysis To Characterize Operational Limits and Prioritize Performance Goals of Capacitive Deionization Technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3748-3756. [PMID: 30821148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) technologies couple electronic and ionic charge storage, enabling improved thermodynamic efficiency of brackish desalination by recovering energy released during discharge. However, insight into CDI has been limited by discrete experimental observations at low desalination depths (Δ c, typically reducing influent salinity by 10 mM or less). In this study, the performance and sensitivity of three common CDI configurations [standard CDI, membrane CDI (MCDI), and flowable electrode CDI (FCDI)] were evaluated across the operational and material design landscape by varying eight common input parameters (electrode thickness, influent concentration, current density, electrode flow rate, specific capacitance, contact resistance, porosity, and fixed charge). All combinations of designs were evaluated for two influent concentrations with a calibrated and validated one-dimensional (1-D) porous electrode model. Sensitivity analyses were carried out via Monte Carlo and Morris methods, focusing on six performance metrics. Across all performance metrics, high sensitivity was observed to input parameters which impact cycle length (current, resistance, and capacitance). Simulations demonstrated the importance of maintaining both charge and round-trip efficiencies, which limit the performance of CDI and FCDI, respectively. Accounting for energy recovery, only MCDI was capable of operating at thermodynamic efficiencies similar to reverse osmosis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Selective removal of nitrate ion using a novel activated carbon composite carbon electrode in capacitive deionization. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
20
|
Bhat AP, Reale ER, del Cerro M, Smith KC, Cusick RD. Reducing impedance to ionic flux in capacitive deionization with Bi-tortuous activated carbon electrodes coated with asymmetrically charged polyelectrolytes. WATER RESEARCH X 2019; 3:100027. [PMID: 31193985 PMCID: PMC6549939 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) with electric double layers is an electrochemical desalination technology in which porous carbon electrodes are polarized to reversibly store ions. Planar composite CDI electrodes exhibit poor energetic performance due the resistance associated with salt depletion and tortuous diffusion in the macroporous structure. In this work, we investigate the impact of bi-tortuosity on desalination performance by etching macroporous patterns along the length of activated carbon porous electrodes in a flow-by CDI architecture. Capacitive electrodes were also coated with thin asymmetrically charged polyelectrolytes to improve ion-selectivity while maintaining the bitortuous macroporous channels. Under constant current operation, the equivalent circuit resistance in CDI cells operating with bi-tortuous electrodes was approximately 2.2 times less than a control cell with unpatterned electrodes, leading to significant increases in working capacitance (20-22 to 26.7-27.8 F g-1), round-trip efficiency (52-71 to 71-80%), and charge efficiency (33-59 to 35-67%). Improvements in these key performance indicators also translated to enhanced salt adsorption capacity, rate, and most importantly, the thermodynamic efficiency of salt separation (1.0-2.0 to 2.2-4.1%). These findings demonstrate that the use of bi-tortuous electrodes is a novel approach of reducing impedance to ionic flux in CDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash P. Bhat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Erik R. Reale
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Martina del Cerro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kyle C. Smith
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Computational Science and Engineering Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Study, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Roland D. Cusick
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tang W, Liang J, He D, Gong J, Tang L, Liu Z, Wang D, Zeng G. Various cell architectures of capacitive deionization: Recent advances and future trends. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:225-251. [PMID: 30528919 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Substantial consumption and widespread contamination of the available freshwater resources necessitate a continuing search for sustainable, cost-effective and energy-efficient technologies for reclaiming this valuable life-sustaining liquid. With these key advantages, capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a promising technology for the facile removal of ions or other charged species from aqueous solutions via capacitive effects or Faradaic interactions, and is currently being actively explored for water treatment with particular applications in water desalination and wastewater remediation. Over the past decade, the CDI research field has progressed enormously with a constant spring-up of various cell architectures assembled with either capacitive electrodes or battery electrodes, specifically including flow-by CDI, membrane CDI, flow-through CDI, inverted CDI, flow-electrode CDI, hybrid CDI, desalination battery and cation intercalation desalination. This article presents a timely and comprehensive review on the recent advances of various CDI cell architectures, particularly the flow-by CDI and membrane CDI with their key research activities subdivided into materials, application, operational mode, cell design, Faradaic reactions and theoretical models. Moreover, we discuss the challenges remaining in the understanding and perfection of various CDI cell architectures and put forward the prospects and directions for CDI future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Di He
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jilai Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim M, Cerro MD, Hand S, Cusick RD. Enhancing capacitive deionization performance with charged structural polysaccharide electrode binders. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 148:388-397. [PMID: 30399553 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) performance, as measured by salt adsorption capacity (SAC) and energy normalized adsorption of salt (ENAS), is frequently limited by anion repulsion at the positive electrode. In this work, we investigate the ability to prevent co-ion repulsion by increasing complementary fixed charged within the electrode macropores by binding composite CDI electrodes with the ionically charged structural polysaccharides chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose. When employing asymmetrically charged electrode binders, co-ion repulsion was prevented, resulting in SAC and ENAS values that were three times greater than composite electrodes bound with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and similar to CDI electrodes composed of chemically modified carbon. Polysaccharide binders did not modify the charge balance in the carbon micropores but did shift the discharge voltage of maximum adsorption, enabling a shift in operating voltage that prolonged cycle lifetime without a significant loss in performance. The mechanism of improved salt accumulation with polysaccharide binders was explored with a one-dimensional model that integrated CDI and ion-exchange membrane covered (MCDI) sub-units. Model simulations indicate that carbon macropores covered with thin layers of charged polysaccharides increase adsorption by a sequential accumulation and release of salt to depleted uncovered pores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, 3217 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martina Del Cerro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, 3217 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Steven Hand
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, 3217 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Roland D Cusick
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, 3217 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cheng Y, Hao Z, Hao C, Deng Y, Li X, Li K, Zhao Y. A review of modification of carbon electrode material in capacitive deionization. RSC Adv 2019; 9:24401-24419. [PMID: 35527893 PMCID: PMC9069735 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04426d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification methods of carbon material and their effect on the CDI performance were reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutuo Cheng
- The College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria
| | - Zhiqi Hao
- The College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria
| | - Changrun Hao
- The College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria
| | - Yu Deng
- The College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria
| | - Xingying Li
- The College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria
| | - Kexun Li
- The College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria
| | - Yubo Zhao
- The College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shen J, Li Y, Wang C, Luo R, Li J, Sun X, Shen J, Han W, Wang L. Hollow ZIFs-derived nanoporous carbon for efficient capacitive deionization. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
25
|
Ahmed MA, Tewari S. Capacitive deionization: Processes, materials and state of the technology. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Chen L, Wang C, Liu S, Hu Q, Zhu L, Cao C. Investigation of the long-term desalination performance of membrane capacitive deionization at the presence of organic foulants. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:989-997. [PMID: 29874775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A long-term performance of membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) was investigated at the presence of organic matter, which has contributed to the understanding of fouling phenomena and energy efficiency. The commercial humic acid and sodium alginate were adopted as model substances representative of natural organic matter, and different ions including sodium and calcium were selected as important parameters considered in both model substances. The experimental results showed reductions in the salinity removal ability and increments of energy usage due to the organic fouling of ion-exchange membranes and carbon electrodes. Within a time interval of approximately 15 d, reductions of NaCl adsorbance with 5.3 and 3.3 mg per cycle were obtained for humics and alginate, respectively. Simultaneously, the energy consumptions increased by 56.9% for humics and 26.3% for alginate. Furthermore, the results in terms of calcium removal in organic feed and energy usage showed that it had a higher fouling potential in comparison to the ones for the sodium solution with equal conductivity and organic concentration. The morphology and composition of the fouling layer were further studied, and it was found that the organic adsorption onto the electrodes and the attachment or even penetration of organic matter on or into the ion-exchange membrane, which could not be efficiently desorbed during the regeneration cycle, were determined as a key problem of demineralized water production. Therefore, this study suggested the necessity of a pre-treatment to reduce the presence of organic matter for the sustainable operation of MCDI, hereby broaden the potential application fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Chengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qinzheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chuqing Cao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nangjing University of Technology and Science, Nanjing 210000, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li M, Park HG. Pseudocapacitive Coating for Effective Capacitive Deionization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2442-2450. [PMID: 29272105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) features a low-cost and energy-efficient desalination approach based on electrosorption of saline ions. To enhance the salt electrosorption capacity of CDI electrodes, we coat ion-selective pseudocapacitive layers (MnO2 and Ag) onto porous carbon electrodes (activated carbon cloth) with only minimal use of a conductive additive and a polymer binder (<1 wt % in total). Optimized pseudocapacitive electrodes result in excellent single-electrode specific capacitance (>300 F/g) and great cell stability (70% retention after 500 cycles). A CDI cell out of these pseudocapacitive electrodes yields as high charge efficiency as 83% and a remarkable salt adsorption capacity up to 17.8 mg/g. Our finding of outstanding CDI performance of the pseudocapacitive electrodes with no use of costly ion-exchange membranes highlights the significant role of a pseudocapacitive layer in the electrosorption process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Tannenstrasse 3, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Hyung Gyu Park
- Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Tannenstrasse 3, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hand S, Cusick RD. Characterizing the Impacts of Deposition Techniques on the Performance of MnO 2 Cathodes for Sodium Electrosorption in Hybrid Capacitive Deionization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12027-12034. [PMID: 28902989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is currently limited by poor ion-selectivity and low salt adsorption capacity of porous carbon electrodes. To enhance selectivity and capacity via sodium insertion reactions, carbon aerogel electrodes were modified by depositing amorphous manganese dioxide layers via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electroless deposition (ED). MnO2-coated electrodes were evaluated in a hybrid capacitive deionization system to understand the relationship between oxide coating morphology, electrode capacitance, and sodium removal efficacy. Both deposition techniques increased electrode capacitance, but only ED electrodes improved desalination performance over bare aerogels. SEM imaging revealed ED deposition distributed MnO2 throughout the aerogel, while CV deposition created a discrete crust, indicating that CV electrodes were limited by diffusion. Sodium adsorption capacity of ED electrodes increased with MnO2 mass deposition, reaching a maximum of 0.77 mmol-Na+ per gram of cathode (2.29 mmol-Na+ g-MnO2-1), and peak charge efficiency of 0.95. The presence of MnO2 also positively shifted the electrode potential window of sodium removal, reducing parasitic oxygen reduction and inverting the desalination cycle so that energy discharge coincides with salt removal (1.96 kg-NaCl kWh-1). These results highlight the importance of deposition technique in improving desalination with MnO2-coated electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hand
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801-2352, United States
| | - Roland D Cusick
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801-2352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hassanvand A, Wei K, Talebi S, Chen GQ, Kentish SE. The Role of Ion Exchange Membranes in Membrane Capacitive Deionisation. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:E54. [PMID: 28906442 PMCID: PMC5618139 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are unique in combining the electrochemical properties of ion exchange resins and the permeability of a membrane. They are being used widely to treat industrial effluents, and in seawater and brackish water desalination. Membrane Capacitive Deionisation (MCDI) is an emerging, energy efficient technology for brackish water desalination in which these ion-exchange membranes act as selective gates allowing the transport of counter-ions toward carbon electrodes. This article provides a summary of recent developments in the preparation, characterization, and performance of ion exchange membranes in the MCDI field. In some parts of this review, the most relevant literature in the area of electrodialysis (ED) is also discussed to better elucidate the role of the ion exchange membranes. We conclude that more work is required to better define the desalination performance of the proposed novel materials and cell designs for MCDI in treating a wide range of feed waters. The extent of fouling, the development of cleaning strategies, and further techno-economic studies, will add value to this emerging technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armineh Hassanvand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Kajia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Sahar Talebi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The ARC Dairy Innovation Hub, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - George Q Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The ARC Dairy Innovation Hub, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Sandra E Kentish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The ARC Dairy Innovation Hub, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chang Y, Zhang G, Han B, Li H, Hu C, Pang Y, Chang Z, Sun X. Polymer Dehalogenation-Enabled Fast Fabrication of N,S-Codoped Carbon Materials for Superior Supercapacitor and Deionization Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29753-29759. [PMID: 28805056 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Doped carbon materials (DCM) with multiple heteroatoms hold broad interest in electrochemical catalysis and energy storage but require several steps to fabricate, which greatly hinder their practical applications. In this study, a facile strategy is developed to enable the fast fabrication of multiply doped carbon materials via room-temperature dehalogenation of polyvinyl dichloride (PVDC) promoted by KOH with the presence of different organic dopants. A N,S-codoped carbon material (NS-DCM) is demonstratively synthesized using two dopants (dimethylformamide for N doping and dimethyl sulfoxide for S doping). Afterward, the precursive room-temperature NS-DCM with intentionally overdosed KOH is submitted to inert annealing to obtain large specific surface area and high conductivity. Remarkably, NS-DCM annealed at 600 °C (named as 600-NS-DCM), with 3.0 atom % N and 2.4 atom % S, exhibits a very high specific capacitance of 427 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 in acidic electrolyte and also keeps ∼60% of capacitance at ultrahigh current density of 100.0 A g-1. Furthermore, capacitive deionization (CDI) measurements reveal that 600-NS-DCM possesses a large desalination capacity of 32.3 mg g-1 (40.0 mg L-1 NaCl) and very good cycling stability. Our strategy of fabricating multiply doped carbon materials can be potentially extended to the synthesis of carbon materials with various combinations of heteroatom doping for broad electrochemical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingna Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Biao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cejun Hu
- College of Energy, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingchun Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
- College of Energy, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Electrospun carbon nanofibers reinforced 3D porous carbon polyhedra network derived from metal-organic frameworks for capacitive deionization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32784. [PMID: 27608826 PMCID: PMC5016738 DOI: 10.1038/srep32784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanofibers reinforced 3D porous carbon polyhedra network (e-CNF-PCP) was prepared through electrospinning and subsequent thermal treatment. The morphology, structure and electrochemical performance of the e-CNF-PCP were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectra, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and their electrosorption performance in NaCl solution was studied. The results show that the e-CNF-PCP exhibits a high electrosorption capacity of 16.98 mg g−1 at 1.2 V in 500 mg l−1 NaCl solution, which shows great improvement compared with those of electrospun carbon nanofibers and porous carbon polyhedra. The e-CNF-PCP should be a very promising candidate as electrode material for CDI applications.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhu G, Wang W, Li X, Zhu J, Wang H, Zhang L. Design and fabrication of a graphene/carbon nanotubes/activated carbon hybrid and its application for capacitive deionization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23547b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel three-component graphene/carbon nanotubes/activated carbon (GTAC) hybrids were prepared and investigated as capacitive deionization electrode, and as-prepared GTAC-20 hybrid exhibits a high elcetrosorption capacity of 2.30 mg g−1 and good repeatability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials
- Suzhou University
- Suzhou 234000
- P. R. China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials
- Suzhou University
- Suzhou 234000
- P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials
- Suzhou University
- Suzhou 234000
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials
- Suzhou University
- Suzhou 234000
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials
- Suzhou University
- Suzhou 234000
- P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials
- Suzhou University
- Suzhou 234000
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Application of poly(vinyl alcohol) and polysulfone based ionic exchange polymers to membrane capacitive deionization for the removal of mono- and divalent salts. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
35
|
Ronen A, Walker SL, Jassby D. Electroconductive and electroresponsive membranes for water treatment. REV CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2015-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn populated, water-scarce regions, seawater and wastewater are considered as potable water resources that require extensive treatment before being suitable for consumption. The separation of water from salt, organic, and inorganic matter is most commonly done through membrane separation processes. Because of permeate flux and concentration polarization, membranes are prone to fouling, resulting in a decline in membrane performance and increased energy demands. As the physical and chemical properties of commercially available membranes (polymeric and ceramic) are relatively static and insensitive to changes in the environment, there is a need for stimuli-reactive membranes with controlled, tunable surface and transport properties to decrease fouling and control membrane properties such as hydrophilicity and permselectivity. In this review, we first describe the application of electricity-conducting and electricity-responsive membranes (ERMs) for fouling mitigation. We discuss their ability to reduce organic, inorganic, and biological fouling by several mechanisms, including control over the membrane’s surface morphology, electrostatic rejection, piezoelectric vibrations, electrochemical reactions, and local pH changes. Next, we examine the use of ERMs for permselectivity modification, which allows for the optimization of rejection and control over ion transport through the application of electrical potentials and the use of electrostatically charged membrane surfaces. In addition, electrochemical reactions coupled with membrane filtration are examined, including electro-oxidation and electro-Fenton reactions, demonstrating the capability of ERMs to electro-oxidize organic contaminates with high efficiency due to high surface area and reduced mass diffusion limitations. When applicable, ERM applications are compared with commercial membranes in terms of energy consumptions. We conclude with a brief discussion regarding the future directions of ERMs and provide examples of several applications such as pore size and selectivity control, electrowettability, and capacitive deionization. To provide the reader with the current state of knowledge, the review focuses on research published in the last 5 years.
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Niu R, Li H, Ma Y, He L, Li J. An insight into the improved capacitive deionization performance of activated carbon treated by sulfuric acid. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
38
|
Laxman K, Myint MTZ, Khan R, Pervez T, Dutta J. Effect of a semiconductor dielectric coating on the salt adsorption capacity of a porous electrode in a capacitive deionization cell. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
39
|
Dong Q, Wang G, Wu T, Peng S, Qiu J. Enhancing capacitive deionization performance of electrospun activated carbon nanofibers by coupling with carbon nanotubes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 446:373-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Kim T, Dykstra J, Porada S, van der Wal A, Yoon J, Biesheuvel P. Enhanced charge efficiency and reduced energy use in capacitive deionization by increasing the discharge voltage. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 446:317-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
41
|
Application of synthesized anion and cation exchange polymers to membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI). Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
42
|
Liu Y, Chen T, Lu T, Sun Z, Chua DH, Pan L. Nitrogen-doped porous carbon spheres for highly efficient capacitive deionization. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
43
|
Xu X, Pan L, Liu Y, Lu T, Sun Z, Chua DHC. Facile synthesis of novel graphene sponge for high performance capacitive deionization. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8458. [PMID: 25675835 PMCID: PMC4327409 DOI: 10.1038/srep08458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an effective desalination technique offering an appropriate route to obtain clean water. In order to obtain excellent CDI performance, a rationally designed structure of electrode materials has been an urgent need for CDI application. In this work, a novel graphene sponge (GS) was proposed as CDI electrode for the first time. The GS was fabricated via directly freeze-drying graphene oxide solution followed by annealing in nitrogen atmosphere. The morphology, structure and electrochemical performance of GS were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrosorption performance of GS in NaCl solution was studied and compared with pristine graphene (PG). The results show that due to the unique 3D interconnected porous structure, large accessible surface area and low charge transfer resistance, GS electrode exhibits an ultrahigh electrosorption capacity of 14.9 mg g−1 when the initial NaCl concentration is ~500 mg L−1, which is about 3.2 times of that of PG (4.64 mg g−1), and to our knowledge, it should be the highest value reported for graphene electrodes in similar experimental conditions by now. These results indicate that GS should be a promising candidate for CDI electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Likun Pan
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Daniel H C Chua
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Enhanced capacitive deionization performance of graphene by nitrogen doping. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 445:143-150. [PMID: 25617614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) was fabricated via a simple thermal treatment of graphene oxide in an ammonia atmosphere. The morphology, structure and electrochemical performance of NG were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrosorption performance of NG in NaCl solution was studied and compared with pristine graphene (PG). The results show that due to its high specific surface area, increased specific capacitance and low charge transfer resistance, NG exhibits high electrosorption capacity of 4.81 mg g(-1) when the initial solution conductivity is 100 μS cm(-1), which are much higher than those of PG (3.85 mg g(-1)).
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Liu Y, Xu X, Lu T, Sun Z, Chua DHC, Pan L. Nitrogen-doped electrospun reduced graphene oxide–carbon nanofiber composite for capacitive deionization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A nitrogen-doped electrospun reduced graphene oxide–carbon nanofiber composite was synthesized though electrospinning and ammonia treatment for an electrode for capacitive deionization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
| | - Xingtao Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
| | - Ting Lu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
| | - Daniel H. C. Chua
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Likun Pan
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu Y, Nie C, Liu X, Xu X, Sun Z, Pan L. Review on carbon-based composite materials for capacitive deionization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based composite electrode materials, including carbon–carbon, carbon–metal oxide, carbon–polymer and carbon–polymer–metal oxide for efficient capacitive deionization are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
| | - Chunyang Nie
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Center for Coordination Bond and Electronic Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- China Jiliang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Xingtao Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
| | - Likun Pan
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
| |
Collapse
|