1
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Gerlitz AI, Diddens D, Grünebaum M, Heuer A, Winter M, Wiemhöfer HD. Polypropylene carbonate-based electrolytes as model for a different approach towards improved ion transport properties for novel electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4810-4823. [PMID: 36692378 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03756d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Linear poly(alkylene carbonates) such as polyethylene carbonate (PEC) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) have gained increasing interest due to their remarkable ion transport properties such as high Li+ transference numbers. The cause of these properties is not yet fully understood which makes it challenging to replicate them in other polymer electrolytes. Therefore, it is critical to understand the underlying mechanisms in polycarbonate electrolytes such as PPC. In this work we present insights from impedance spectroscopy, transference number measurements, PFG-NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy as well as molecular dynamics simulations to address this issue. We find that in addition to plasticization, the lithium ion coordination by the carbonate groups of the polymer is weakened upon gelation, leading to a rapid exhange of the lithium ion solvation shell and consequently a strong increase of the conductivity. Moreover, we study the impact of the anions by employing different conducting salts. Interestingly, while the total conductivity decreases with increasing anion size, the reverse trend can be observed for the lithium ion transference numbers. Via our holistic approach, we demonstrate that this behavior can be attributed to differences in the collective ion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Gerlitz
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Diddo Diddens
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Mariano Grünebaum
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstaße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Hans-Dieter Wiemhöfer
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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2
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Eriksson T, Mace A, Mindemark J, Brandell D. The role of coordination strength in solid polymer electrolytes: compositional dependence of transference numbers in the poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(trimethylene carbonate) system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25550-25557. [PMID: 34781333 PMCID: PMC8612359 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03929f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both polyesters and polycarbonates have been proposed as alternatives to polyethers as host materials for future polymer electrolytes for solid-state lithium-ion batteries. While being comparatively similar functional groups, the electron density on the coordinating carbonyl oxygen is different, thereby rendering different coordinating strength towards lithium ions. In this study, the transport properties of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) as well as random copolymers of systematically varied composition of the two have been investigated, in order to better elucidate the role of the coordination strength. The cationic transference number, a property well-connected with the complexing ability of the polymer, was shown to depend almost linearly on the ester content of the copolymer, increasing from 0.49 for the pure poly(ε-caprolactone) to 0.83 for pure poly(trimethylene carbonate). Contradictory to the transference number measurements that suggest a stronger lithium-to-ester coordination, DFT calculations showed that the carbonyl oxygen in the carbonate coordinates more strongly to the lithium ion than that of the ester. FT-IR measurements showed the coordination number to be higher in the polyester system, resulting in a higher total coordination strength and thereby resolving the paradox. This likely originates in properties that are specific of polymeric solvent systems, e.g. steric properties and chain dynamics, which influence the coordination chemistry. These results highlight the complexity in polymeric systems and their ion transport properties in comparison to low-molecular-weight analogues, and how polymer structure and steric effects together affect the coordination strength and transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Amber Mace
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Mindemark
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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3
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Photophysical Properties of the PVK-MEH-PPV/PCBM Composite for Organic Solar Cells Application: Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172902. [PMID: 34502942 PMCID: PMC8433660 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of a new organic composite including PVK-MEH-PPV bi-block copolymer and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were recorded. The functionalization and the charge transfer that occurs between donor and acceptor were examined and computed. In fact, the stationary and time-resolved photoluminescence properties were used to examine the effect of the PCBM on the optical properties of the PVK-MEH-PPV matrix. The photoluminescence quenching accompanied by faster PL decay confirmed the charge transfer and interaction process. The electrical and optoelectronic properties and the charge carriers’ injection in the resulting composite were examined. The experimental conclusion was corroborated and confirmed by a calculation based on density functional theory (DFT). Hence, the combination of experimental and theoretical results indicated that the result composite can be applied as an active layer for organic solar cells.
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4
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Ebadi M, Eriksson T, Mandal P, Costa LT, Araujo CM, Mindemark J, Brandell D. Restricted Ion Transport by Plasticizing Side Chains in Polycarbonate-Based Solid Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2020; 53:764-774. [PMID: 32089567 PMCID: PMC7032846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the ionic conductivity has for decades been an overriding goal in the development of solid polymer electrolytes. According to fundamental theories on ion transport mechanisms in polymers, the ionic conductivity is strongly correlated to free volume and segmental mobility of the polymer for the conventional transport processes. Therefore, incorporating plasticizing side chains onto the main chain of the polymer host often appears as a clear-cut strategy to improve the ionic conductivity of the system through lowering of the glass transition temperature (T g). This intended correlation between T g and ionic conductivity is, however, not consistently observed in practice. The aim of this study is therefore to elucidate this interplay between segmental mobility and polymer structure in polymer electrolyte systems comprising plasticizing side chains. To this end, we utilize the synthetic versatility of the ion-conductive poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) platform. Two types of host polymers with side chains added to a PTMC backbone are employed, and the resulting electrolytes are investigated together with the side chain-free analogue both by experiment and with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that while added side chains do indeed lead to a lower T g, the total ionic conductivity is highest in the host matrix without side chains. It was seen in the MD simulations that while side chains promote ionic mobility associated with the polymer chain, the more efficient interchain hopping transport mechanism occurs with a higher probability in the system without side chains. This is connected to a significantly higher solvation site diversity for the Li+ ions in the side-chain-free system, providing better conduction paths. These results strongly indicate that the side chains in fact restrict the mobility of the Li+ ions in the polymer hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ebadi
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Therese Eriksson
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Prithwiraj Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luciano T. Costa
- Instituto
de Química−Departamento de Físico-química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, CEP 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - C. Moyses Araujo
- Materials
Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mindemark
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Aziz AA, Yoshimoto N, Yamabuki K, Tominaga Y. Ion-conductive, Thermal and Electrochemical Properties of Poly(ethylene carbonate)-Mg Electrolytes with Glyme Solution. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azlini Ab Aziz
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Nobuko Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamabuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Yoichi Tominaga
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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6
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Azmar A, Rozana MD, Winie T. Characterization of PMA-TPAI and PVAc-TPAI solid polymer electrolytes and application in dye-sensitized solar cell. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Azmar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences; Universiti Teknologi MARA; 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia
| | - M. D. Rozana
- Faculty of Applied Sciences; Universiti Teknologi MARA; 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia
| | - Tan Winie
- Faculty of Applied Sciences; Universiti Teknologi MARA; 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia
- Institute of Science; Universiti Teknologi MARA; 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia
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7
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Synthesis of an aliphatic hyper-branched polycarbonate and determination of its physical properties for solid polymer electrolyte use. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Mindemark J, Lacey MJ, Bowden T, Brandell D. Beyond PEO—Alternative host materials for Li + -conducting solid polymer electrolytes. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Rubatat L. Block copolymer electrolytes for fuel cells and secondary batteries, the small angle neutron scattering inputs. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201818803002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims at giving an overview on the importance of scattering, and more specifically neutron scattering, for probing the nanomorphology of polymer electrolytes made of block copolymers. Two types of self-assembled polymer electrolyte materials will be discussed: (i) the ionomer membranes used in fuel cell and (ii) the solid polyelectrolytes used in secondary batteries. Both are used to physically separate the electrodes in the respective electrochemical devices and are expected to have a high ion transport capacity so as good chemical and mechanical stabilities. Unfortunately, in most cases improving one property leads to the degradation of the others. Nonetheless, through block copolymers selfassembly it is possible to tackle this issue; indeed, antagonist properties can be decoupled and associated within controlled nano-morphologies. This aspect will be discussed and supported by examples based on published studies; in parallel useful scattering analytical tools and models will be presented along the paper and detailed in annex.
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10
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Optimization of the transport and mechanical properties of polysiloxane/polyether hybrid polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Polycarbonates as alternative electrolyte host materials for solid-state sodium batteries. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Mindemark J, Sobkowiak A, Oltean G, Brandell D, Gustafsson T. Mechanical Stabilization of Solid Polymer Electrolytes through Gamma Irradiation. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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MATSUMOTO K, TSUTSUMI D, KUWAJIMA M, ENDO T. Applications of a Polysiloxane Having Five-Membered Cyclic Carbonate Groups to Solid Polymer Electrolytes. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2017. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kozo MATSUMOTO
- Department of Biological & Environmental Chemistry, Kindai University
| | - Daisuke TSUTSUMI
- Department of Biological & Environmental Chemistry, Kindai University
| | - Makoto KUWAJIMA
- Department of Biological & Environmental Chemistry, Kindai University
| | - Takeshi ENDO
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kindai University
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14
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Tominaga Y. Ion-conductive polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene carbonate) and its derivatives. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Deng K, Wang S, Ren S, Han D, Xiao M, Meng Y. A Novel Single-Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Derived from CO 2-Based Multifunctional Polycarbonate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33642-33648. [PMID: 27960441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the facile and efficient synthesis of a novel environmentally friendly CO2-based multifunctional polycarbonate single-ion-conducting polymer electrolyte with good electrochemistry performance. The terpolymerizations of CO2, propylene epoxide (PO), and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) catalyzed by zinc glutarate (ZnGA) were performed to generate poly(propylene carbonate allyl glycidyl ether) (PPCAGE) with various alkene groups contents which can undergo clickable reaction. The obtained terpolymers exhibit an alternating polycarbonate structure confirmed by 1H NMR spectra and an amorphous microstructure with glass transition temperatures (Tg) lower than 11.0 °C evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The terpolymers were further functionalized with 3-mercaptopropionic acid via efficient thiol-ene click reaction, followed by reacting with lithium hydroxide, to afford single-ion-conducting polymer electrolytes with different lithium contents. The all-solid-state polymer electrolyte with the 41.0 mol % lithium containing moiety shows a high ionic conductivity of 1.61 × 10-4 S/cm at 80 °C and a high lithium ion transference number of 0.86. It also exhibits electrochemical stability up to 4.3 V vs Li+/Li. This work provides an interesting design way to synthesize an all-solid-state electrolyte used for different lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuirong Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shuanjin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shan Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Min Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yuezhong Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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16
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Matsumoto K, Kakehashi M, Ouchi H, Yuasa M, Endo T. Synthesis and Properties of Polycarbosilanes Having 5-Membered Cyclic Carbonate Groups as Solid Polymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Matsumoto
- Department of Biological & Environmental Chemistry, Kindai University, 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka, Fukuoka Prefecture 820-8555, Japan
- Molecular
Engineering Institute, Kindai University, 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka, Fukuoka Prefecture 820-8555, Japan
| | - Miho Kakehashi
- Department of Biological & Environmental Chemistry, Kindai University, 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka, Fukuoka Prefecture 820-8555, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ouchi
- Department of Biological & Environmental Chemistry, Kindai University, 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka, Fukuoka Prefecture 820-8555, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yuasa
- Department of Biological & Environmental Chemistry, Kindai University, 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka, Fukuoka Prefecture 820-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Molecular
Engineering Institute, Kindai University, 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka, Fukuoka Prefecture 820-8555, Japan
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17
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A highly-concentrated poly(ethylene carbonate)-based electrolyte for all-solid-state Li battery working at room temperature. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Mindemark J, Imholt L, Montero J, Brandell D. Allyl ethers as combined plasticizing and crosslinkable side groups in polycarbonate-based polymer electrolytes for solid-state Li batteries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mindemark
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Box 538 Uppsala SE-751 21 Sweden
| | - Laura Imholt
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Box 538 Uppsala SE-751 21 Sweden
| | - José Montero
- Department of Engineering Sciences; Solid State Physics, Uppsala University; Box 534 Uppsala SE-751 21 Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Box 538 Uppsala SE-751 21 Sweden
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19
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Olsén P, Odelius K, Keul H, Albertsson AC. Macromolecular Design via an Organocatalytic, Monomer-Specific and Temperature-Dependent "On/Off Switch". High Precision Synthesis of Polyester/Polycarbonate Multiblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2015; 48:1703-1710. [PMID: 26294800 PMCID: PMC4535708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The employment of a monomer-specific "on/off switch" was used to synthesize a nine-block copolymer with a predetermined molecular weight and narrow distribution (Đ = 1.26) in only 2.5 h. The monomers consisted of a six-membered cyclic carbonate (i.e., 2-allyloxymethyl-2-ethyl-trimethylene carbonate (AOMEC)) and ε-caprolactone (εCL), which were catalyzed by 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]-dec-5-ene (TBD). The dependence of polymerization rate with temperature was different for the two monomers. Under similar reaction conditions, the ratio of the apparent rate constant of AOMEC and εCL [kpapp(AOMEC)/kpapp(εCL)] changes from 400 at T = -40 °C to 50 at T = 30 °C and 10 at T = 100 °C. Therefore, by decreasing the copolymerization temperature from 30 °C to -40 °C, the conversion of εCL can be switched "off", and by increasing the temperature to 30 °C, the conversion of εCL can be switched "on" again. The addition of AOMEC at T = -40 °C results in the formation of a pure carbonate block. The cyclic addition of AOMEC to a solution of εCL along with a simultaneous temperature change leads to the formation of multiblock copolymers. This result provides a new straightforward synthetic route to degradable multiblock copolymers, yielding new interesting materials with endless structural possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olsén
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Odelius
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helmut Keul
- DWI
− Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Mindemark J, Sun B, Brandell D. Hydroxyl-functionalized poly(trimethylene carbonate) electrolytes for 3D-electrode configurations. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00446b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonding hydroxyl side groups in a polycarbonate solid polymer electrolyte lead to improved surface adhesion and enable the application of thin, conformal electrolyte films onto complex 3D-structured electrode substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mindemark
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 21 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - B. Sun
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 21 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - D. Brandell
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 21 Uppsala
- Sweden
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