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Li Z, Yang D, Li S, Yang L, Yan W, Xu H. Advances on electrochemical disinfection research: Mechanisms, influencing factors and applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169043. [PMID: 38070567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection, a vital barrier against pathogenic microorganisms, is crucial in halting the spread of waterborne diseases. Electrochemical methods have been extensively researched and implemented for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms from water and wastewater, primarily owing to their simplicity, efficiency, and eco-friendliness. This review succinctly outlined the core mechanisms of electrochemical disinfection (ED) and systematically examined the factors influencing its efficacy, including anode materials, system conditions, and target species. Additionally, the practical application of ED in water and wastewater treatment was comprehensively reviewed. Case studies involving various scenarios such as drinking water, hospital wastewater, black water, rainwater, and ballast water provided concrete instances of the expansive utility of ED. Finally, coupling ED with other technologies and the resulting synergies were introduced as pivotal foundations for subsequent engineering advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Duowen Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China; Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China; Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311200, China.
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2
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Wang HB, Wu YH, Sun YG, Xu YQ, Chen Z, Xue S, Zhang ZW, Ikuno N, Koji N, Hu HY. Flow-through electrode system (FES): An effective approach for biofouling control of reverse osmosis membranes for municipal wastewater reclamation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120890. [PMID: 38016222 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Emerging electrochemical disinfection techniques provide a promising pathway to the biofouling control of reverse osmosis (RO) process. However, the comparative effectiveness and mechanism of it under flow-through conditions with low voltage remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of a flow-through electrode system (FES) with both direct current (DC) and alternating pulse current (AC) on RO biofouling control compared with chlorine disinfection. At the initial stage of biofouling development, the normalized flux of AC-FES (67% on Day 5) was saliently higher than the control group (56% on Day 5). Subsequently, the normalized fluxes of each group tended similarity in their differences until the 20th day. After mild chemical cleaning, the RO membrane in the AC-FES group reached the highest chemical cleaning efficiency of 58%, implying its foulant was more readily removable and the biofouling was more reversible. The biofouling layer in the DC-FES group was also found to be easily cleanable. Morphological analysis suggested that the thickness and compactness of the fouling layers were the major reasons for the fouling behavior difference. The abundance of 4 fouling-related abundant genera (>1%), which were Pseudomonas, Thiobacillus, Sphingopyxis, and Mycobacterium exhibited a salient correlation with the biofouling degree. The operating cost of FES was also lower than that of chlorine disinfection. In summary, AC-FES is a promising alternative to chlorine disinfection in RO biofouling control, as it caused less and easy-cleaning biofouling layer mainly due to two advantages: a) reducing the regrowth potential after disinfection of the bacteria, leading to alleviated initial fouling, (b) reshaping the microbial community to those with weaker biofilm formation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Bin Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Yi-Ge Sun
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Song Xue
- CSCEC SCIMEE Sci.& Tech. Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Zhang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Nozomu Ikuno
- Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan
| | - Nakata Koji
- Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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3
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Torres-Pinto A, Velo-Gala I, Ribeirinho-Soares S, Nunes OC, Silva CG, Faria JL, Silva AMT. Novel photoelectrochemical 3D-system for water disinfection by deposition of modified carbon nitride on vitreous carbon foam. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117019. [PMID: 37652219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) is an optical semiconductor with excellent photoactivity under visible light irradiation. It has been widely applied for organic micropollutant removal from contaminated water, and less investigated for microorganisms' inactivation. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism using GCN is attributed to a series of reactions with reactive oxygen species and photogenerated holes that can be boosted by modifying its physical-chemical structure. This work reports a successful improvement of the overall photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activities of the pristine material by thermal and chemical modification by a copolymerisation synthesis method. The copolymerisation of dicyandiamide as a precursor with barbituric acid strongly reduced photoluminescence due to the enhanced charge separation thus improving the catalyst efficiency under visible light irradiation. The material with 1.6 wt% of barbituric acid showed the best photocatalytic performance and electrochemical properties. This photocatalyst was selected for immobilisation on a conductive carbon foam, which promotes a higher electrochemical active surface area and enhanced mass transfer. This three-dimensional metal-free electrode was employed for the photoelectrochemical inactivation of two different microorganisms, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, obtaining removals below the detection limit after 30 min in simulated faecal-contaminated waters. This photoelectrochemical reactor was also applied to treat polluted river and urban waste waters, and the faecal contamination indicators were vastly reduced to values below the detection limit in 60 min in both cases, showing the wide applicability of this innovative photoelectrode for different types of polluted aqueous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Torres-Pinto
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inmaculada Velo-Gala
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Jaén University, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Sara Ribeirinho-Soares
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga C Nunes
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia G Silva
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim L Faria
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Ozonation of phosphonate antiscalant 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid in reverse osmosis concentrate: kinetics, phosphorus transformation, and anti-precipitation property changes. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Xu H, Zhang F, Wang M, Lv H, Yu DG, Liu X, Shen H. Electrospun hierarchical structural films for effective wound healing. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212795. [PMID: 35929294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Patients with acute and chronic wounds have been increasing around the world, and the demand for wound treatment and care is also increasing. Therefore, a new nanofiber wound dressing should be prepared to promote the wound healing process. In this study, we report the design and preparation of a hierarchical structural film wound dressing. The top layer is composed of profoundly hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL), which is used to resist the adhesion of external microorganisms. The bottom layer is made of hydrophilic gelatin, which provides a moist healing environment for the wound. The middle layer is composed of hydrophilic Janus nanofibers prepared with the latest side-by-side electrospinning technique. Gelatin and PCL are used as polymer matrices loaded with the ciprofloxacin (CIP) drug and zinc oxide nanoparticles (n-ZnO), respectively. Test results show that the dressing has outstanding surface wettability, excellent mechanical properties, and rapid drug release. The presence of biologically active ingredients provides antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Finally, the results of wound healing in mice show accelerated collagen deposition, promotion of angiogenesis, and complete wound healing within 14 days. Overall, this hierarchical structural dressing has a strong potential for accelerating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Feiyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - He Lv
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Medical Device Materials, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Xinkuan Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Fujian 362200, China.
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6
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Zhang C, Zhao X, Wang C, Hakizimana I, Crittenden JC, Laghari AA. Electrochemical flow-through disinfection reduces antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal transfer risk across bacterial species. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118090. [PMID: 35085844 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as emerging pollutants, are released into environment, increasing the risk of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). However, a limited number of studies quantified the effects of ARB disinfection on the HGT risk. This study investigated the inactivation of E. coli 10667 (sul) and the release and removal of ARGs using an electrochemical flow-through reactor (EFTR). Furthermore, the transfer frequencies and potential mechanisms of HGT after disinfection were explored using non-resistant E. coli GMCC 13373 as the recipient and E. coli DH5α carrying plasmid RP4 as the donor. A threshold of current density (0.25 mA/cm2) was observed to destroy cells and release intracellular ARGs (iARGs) to increase extracellular ARGs (eARGs) concentration. The further increase in the current density to 1 mA/cm2 resulted in the decline of eARGs concentration due to the higher degradation rate of eARGs than the release rate of iARGs. The performance of ARGs degradation and HGT frequency by EFTR were compared with those of conventional disinfection processes, including chlorination and ultraviolet radiation (UV). A higher ARGs degradation (83.46%) was observed by EFTR compared with that under chlorination (10.23%) and UV (27.07%). Accordingly, EFTR reduced the HGT frequency (0.69) of released ARGs into the recipient (Forward transfer), and the value was lower than that by chlorination (2.69) and UV (1.73). Meanwhile, the surviving injured E. coli 10667 (sul) with increased cell permeability was transferred by plasmid RP4 from the donor (Reverse transfer) with a higher frequency of 0.33 by EFTR compared with that under chlorination (0.26) and UV (0.16). In addition, the sul3 gene was the least resistant to EFTR than sul1 and sul2 gene. These findings provide important insights into the mechanism of HGT between the injured E. coli 10667 (sul) and environmental bacteria. EFTR is a promising disinfection technology for preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Israel Hakizimana
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Azhar Ali Laghari
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Omotola EO, Oluwole AO, Oladoye PO, Olatunji OS. Occurrence, detection and ecotoxicity studies of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous ecosystems- a systematic appraisal. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103831. [PMID: 35151848 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) have globally emerged as a significant group of environmental contaminants due to the constant detection of their residues in the environment. The main scope of this review is to fill the void of information on the knowledge on the African occurrence of selected PCs in environmental matrices in comparison with those outside Africa and their respective toxic actions on both aquatic and non-aquatic biota through ecotoxicity bioassays. To achieve this objective, the study focused on commonly used and detected pharmaceutical drugs (residues). Based on the conducted literature survey, Africa has the highest levels of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lamivudine, acetaminophen, and diclofenac while Europe has the lowest of all these PC residues in her physical environments. For ecotoxicity bioassays, the few data available are mostly on individual groups of pharmaceuticals whereas there is sparsely available data on their combined forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oyinkansola Omotola
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu Ode PMB 2118, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Peter Olusakin Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
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Dong H, Yue L, Cheng J, Xia R, Zhou J. Microbial electrochemical degradation of lipids for promoting methane production in anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126467. [PMID: 34864177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve problems of low methane production from lipids in anaerobic digestion, microbial electrochemical degradation was proposed to promote methane yield of glycerol trioleate (a typical lipid component of food waste). The beta-oxidation of lipids was strengthened with an applied voltage to promote electron transfer and anaerobic digestion. SEM images showed that a lot of spherical and rod-shaped microbes adhered to electrode surfaces. Cyclic voltammetry showed that electron transfer rate constant at 0.8 V was 14.4-fold that at 0 V. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy showed that small organic degraded molecules were used more efficiently in anaerobic digestion. The methane yield of glycerol trioleate increased to 791.6 mL/g-TVS (at 0.8 V), while methane production peak rate increased to 26.8 mL/g-TVS/d with a shortened peak time to 24th day. The overall energy conversion efficiency in methane production increased from 53.6 to 60.1% due to microbial electrochemical degradation of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Liangchen Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Rongxin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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Wang X, Jiang X, Yu L. Preparation and evaluation of polyphenol derivatives as potent antifouling agents: addition of a side chain affects the biological activity of polyphenols. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:29-41. [PMID: 34875955 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.2010720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, eight polyphenol derivatives were prepared to serve as green antifoulants. Polyphenol derivatives, which can hinder the growth of bacteria and algae and decrease the adhesion of some marine organisms, showed good AF activity; in particular, the activities of these derivatives were much higher than those of the corresponding polyphenols. The antibacterial rates of the products (20 μg ml-1) exceeded 88%. Moreover, the anti-algal rates of compounds a3, b1, b2, b3 and b4 (15 μg ml-1) were over 57% at 240 h, but these compounds showed low toxicity, and the 120 h EC50 values were > 6.60 μg ml-1. In addition, there were fewer marine microorganisms on the test panel than on the control. The above results show that some polyphenol derivatives possess relatively high antibacterial, anti-algal, and AF activity; more notably, the addition of chlorine atoms and amide groups can further increase the activity of these derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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Herraiz-Carboné M, Cotillas S, Lacasa E, Sainz de Baranda C, Riquelme E, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA, Sáez C. A review on disinfection technologies for controlling the antibiotic resistance spread. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149150. [PMID: 34303979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in water bodies poses a sanitary and environmental risk. These ARB and other mobile genetic elements can be easily spread from hospital facilities, the point in which, for sure, they are more concentrated. For this reason, novel clean and efficient technologies are being developed for allowing to remove these ARB and other mobile genetic elements before their uncontrolled spread. In this paper, a review on the recent knowledge about the state of the art of the main disinfection technologies to control the antibiotic resistance spread from natural water, wastewater, and hospital wastewater (including urine matrices) is reported. These technologies involve not only conventional processes, but also the recent advances on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs). This review summarizes the state of the art on the applicability of these technologies and also focuses on the description of the disinfection mechanisms by each technology, highlighting the promising impact of EAOPs on the remediation of this important environmental and health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Herraiz-Carboné
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Infante Don Juan Manuel, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Salvador Cotillas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Infante Don Juan Manuel, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Engracia Lacasa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Infante Don Juan Manuel, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Caridad Sainz de Baranda
- Clinical Parasitology and Microbiology Area, University Hospital Complex of Albacete, C/Hermanos Falcó 37, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Eva Riquelme
- Clinical Parasitology and Microbiology Area, University Hospital Complex of Albacete, C/Hermanos Falcó 37, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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11
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Wang HB, Wu YH, Luo LW, Yu T, Xu A, Xue S, Chen GQ, Ni XY, Peng L, Chen Z, Wang YH, Tong X, Bai Y, Xu YQ, Hu HY. Risks, characteristics, and control strategies of disinfection-residual-bacteria (DRB) from the perspective of microbial community structure. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117606. [PMID: 34500181 PMCID: PMC8390064 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of COVID-19 has aroused people's particular attention to biosafety. A growing number of disinfection products have been consumed during this period. However, the flaw of disinfection has not received enough attention, especially in water treatment processes. While cutting down the quantity of microorganisms, disinfection processes exert a considerable selection effect on bacteria and thus reshape the microbial community structure to a great extent, causing the problem of disinfection-residual-bacteria (DRB). These systematic and profound changes could lead to the shift in regrowth potential, bio fouling potential, as well as antibiotic resistance level and might cause a series of potential risks. In this review, we collected and summarized the data from the literature in recent 10 years about the microbial community structure shifting of natural water or wastewater in full-scale treatment plants caused by disinfection. Based on these data, typical DRB with the most reporting frequency after disinfection by chlorine-containing disinfectants, ozone disinfection, and ultraviolet disinfection were identified and summarized, which were the bacteria with a relative abundance of over 5% in the residual bacteria community and the bacteria with an increasing rate of relative abundance over 100% after disinfection. Furthermore, the phylogenic relationship and potential risks of these typical DRB were also analyzed. Twelve out of fifteen typical DRB genera contain pathogenic strains, and many were reported of great secretion ability. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter possess multiple disinfection resistance and could be considered as model bacteria in future studies of disinfection. We also discussed the growth, secretion, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of DRB, as well as possible control strategies. The DRB phenomenon is not limited to water treatment but also exists in the air and solid disinfection processes, which need more attention and more profound research, especially in the period of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Bin Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Li-Wei Luo
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Tong Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Ao Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou Jiangsu 215163, PR China
| | - Song Xue
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Gen-Qiang Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xin-Ye Ni
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lu Peng
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yun-Hong Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xin Tong
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yuan Bai
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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12
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Kyhoiesh HAK, Al-Hussainawy MK, Waheeb AS, Al-Adilee KJ. Synthesis, spectral characterization, lethal dose (LD 50) and acute toxicity studies of 1,4-Bis(imidazolylazo)benzene (BIAB). Heliyon 2021; 7:e07969. [PMID: 34541361 PMCID: PMC8436129 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation and spectral identification of new heterocyclic azo ligand 1,4-Bis(imidazolylazo)benzene (BIAB) was prepared by reacting a diazonium chloride salt solution of 1,4-diaminobenzene with imidazole in alkaline ethanolic solution. Differing spectral techniques have been used to study the structure of the azo dye ligand (BIAB) such as Elemental analysis (C.H.N), 1H-NMR, Mass spectrum, UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM and thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The pathogenic activities of the synthesized ligand (BIAB) was tested in vitro against the sensitive organisms Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative) as antibacterial and Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans as antifungal. The activity data show that the ligand (BIAB) higher antibacterial and slightly antifungus activity in comparison to the standard antibacterial (Amoxicillin) and antifungal (cycloheximide) drugs. The acute toxicity studies (LD50) was calculated using by Miller and Tainter methods (Estimated Probity Units) for the calculation of LD50. In this study, different doses (600, 1000, 1300, 1800, 2500 and 3600 μg/ml) of the (BIAB) was administered orally to the different groups of mice. The results exhibited high acute toxicity with LD50 of 1020.23 mg/kg upon intraperitoneal administration in mice. The antioxidant properties of the ligand was examined using the DPPH radical scavenging technique. IC50 was also determined at 224.17 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Azal Shakir Waheeb
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Al-Muthanna, Al-Samawah, Iraq
| | - Khalid J. Al-Adilee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniya 1753, Iraq
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13
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Rungrod A, Kapanya A, Punyodom W, Molloy R, Meerak J, Somsunan R. Synthesis of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Diacrylate for Micelle-Cross-Linked Sodium AMPS Hydrogel for Use as Controlled Drug Delivery Wound Dressing. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3839-3859. [PMID: 34378381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis of poly(ε-caprolactone) diacrylate (PCLDA) for the fabrication of micelle-cross-linked sodium AMPS wound dressing hydrogels. The novel synthetic approach of PCLDA is functionalizing a PCL diol with acrylic acid. The influences of varying the PCL diol/AA molar ratio and temperature on the suitable conditions for the synthesis of PCLDA are discussed. The hydrogel was synthesized through micellar copolymerization of sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (Na-AMPS) as a basic monomer and PCLDA as a hydrophobic association monomer. In this study, an attempt was made to develop new hydrogel wound dressings meant for the release of antibacterial drugs (ciprofloxacin and silver sulfadiazine). The chemical structures, morphology, porosity, and water interaction of the hydrogels were characterized. The hydrogels' swelling ratio and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) showed a high swelling capacity (4688-10753%) and good WVTR (approximately 2000 g·m-2·day-1), which can be controlled through variation of the PCLDA concentration. The mechanical property results confirmed that PCLDA improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel; the stress increased from 37 to 68 kPa, and the strain increased from 198 to 360% with increasing PCLDA (0-30% wt of Na-AMPS). These hydrogels presented no cytotoxicity based on over 70% cell viability responses (L929 fibroblasts) using an in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Additionally, the drug release mechanism, kinetic models, and antibacterial activity were determined. The results demonstrated that antibiotics were released from the hydrogel with a Fickian diffusion mechanism and antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Based on the results obtained, and bearing in mind that further progress still needs to be made, the fabricated hydrogels show considerable potential for meeting the stringent property requirements of hydrogel wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlika Rungrod
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Apichaya Kapanya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Winita Punyodom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Robert Molloy
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jomkhwan Meerak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Runglawan Somsunan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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14
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Li H, Chen X, Lu W, Wang J, Xu Y, Guo Y. Application of Electrospinning in Antibacterial Field. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1822. [PMID: 34361208 PMCID: PMC8308247 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, electrospun nanofibers have attracted extensive attention due to their large specific surface area, high porosity, and controllable shape. Among the many applications of electrospinning, electrospun nanofibers used in fields such as tissue engineering, food packaging, and air purification often require some antibacterial properties. This paper expounds the development potential of electrospinning in the antibacterial field from four aspects: fiber morphology, antibacterial materials, antibacterial mechanism, and application fields. The effects of fiber morphology and antibacterial materials on the antibacterial activity and characteristics are first presented, then followed by a discussion of the antibacterial mechanisms and influencing factors of these materials. Typical application examples of antibacterial nanofibers are presented, which show the good prospects of electrospinning in the antibacterial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (H.L.); (X.C.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (H.L.); (X.C.)
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weipeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yisheng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanchuan Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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15
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Yue L, Cheng J, Zhang H, Yuan L, Hua J, Dong H, Li YY, Zhou J. Inhibition of N-Vanillylnonanamide in anaerobic digestion of lipids in food waste: Microorganisms damage and blocked electron transfer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123098. [PMID: 32937719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To study the inhibited degradation metabolism and anaerobic digestion of typical lipids in food waste, an artificially produced capsaicin, N-Vanillylnonanamide, a typical soluble component in waste lipids, was added to a glycerol trioleate anaerobic digestion system. The microorganisms damage and blocked electron transfer caused by N-Vanillylnonanamide during anaerobic digestion were further clarified. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated that N-Vanillylnonanamide (≥4 wt%) structurally damaged microorganisms via cell membrane breakage, which impair their function. N-Vanillylnonanamide inhibited the activities of the key enzyme CoA, AK, F420, and CoM, which are relevant for both degradation metabolism and anaerobic digestion. 16S rRNA analysis showed that dominant bacterial and archaeal communities markedly decreased after anaerobic digestion of glycerol trioleate with N-Vanillylnonanamide (≥4 wt%). For example, the proportion of Methanosarcina decreased from 30 % to 6 %. Current-voltage curves indicated that the electron transfer rate in the community of microorganisms decreased by 99 % from 4.67 × 10-2 to 5.66 × 10-4 s-1 in response to N-Vanillylnonanamide (40 wt%). The methane yield during anaerobic digestion of glycerol trioleate decreased by 84.0 % from 780.21-142.10 mL/g-total volatile solids with N-Vanillylnonanamide (40 wt%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchen Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Hangzhou Environmental Group Company Limited, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Luyun Yuan
- Hangzhou Environmental Group Company Limited, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Junjie Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiquan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 9808579, Japan
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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16
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Kazi AP, Routsi AM, Kaur B, Christodouleas DC. Inexpensive, Three-Dimensional, Open-Cell, Fluid-Permeable, Noble-Metal Electrodes for Electroanalysis and Electrocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45582-45589. [PMID: 32926774 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the fabrication of three-dimensional, open-cell, noble-metal (Au, Ag, and Pt) electrodes that have a complex geometry, i.e., wire mesh, metallic foam, "origami" wire mesh, and helix wire mesh. The electrodes were fabricated using an ultrasonication-assisted electroplating method that deposits a thin, continuous, and defect-free layer of noble metal (i.e., Au, Ag, or Pt) on an inexpensive copper substrate that has the desired geometry. The method is inexpensive, easy to use, and capable of fabricating noble-metal electrodes of complex geometries that cannot be fabricated using established techniques like screen printing or physical vapor deposition. By minimizing the amount of the pure noble metal in the electrodes, their cost drops significantly and could become low enough even for single-use applications; for example, the cost of metal in a Au wire-mesh electrode is $0.007/cm2 of exposed area that is about 400 times lower than that of a wire-mesh electrode composed entirely of Au. The electrodes exhibit an almost identical electrochemical performance to noble-metal electrodes of similar shape composed of bulk noble metal; therefore, these electrodes could replace two-dimensional noble-metal electrodes (e.g., rods, disks, foils) in numerous electroanalytical and electrocatalytical systems or even allow the use of noble-metal electrodes in new applications such as flow-based electrochemical systems. In this study, wire-mesh and metallic foam noble-metal electrodes have been successfully used as working electrodes for the electrocatalytical oxidation of methanol and for the electrochemical detection of redox mediators, lead ions, and nitrobenzene using various electroanalytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Parvez Kazi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Anna Maria Routsi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Balwinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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