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Stern S, Zhang L, Wang M, Wright R, Rosh I, Hussein Y, Stern T, Choudhary A, Tripathi U, Reed P, Sadis H, Nayak R, Shemen A, Agarwal K, Cordeiro D, Peles D, Hang Y, Mendes APD, Baul TD, Roth JG, Coorapati S, Boks MP, McCombie WR, Hulshoff Pol H, Brennand KJ, Réthelyi JM, Kahn RS, Marchetto MC, Gage FH. Monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia differ in maturation and synaptic transmission. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:3208-3222. [PMID: 38704507 PMCID: PMC11449799 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the world population. Genetics, epigenetics, and environmental factors are known to play a role in this psychiatric disorder. While there is a high concordance in monozygotic twins, about half of twin pairs are discordant for schizophrenia. To address the question of how and when concordance in monozygotic twins occur, we have obtained fibroblasts from two pairs of schizophrenia discordant twins (one sibling with schizophrenia while the second one is unaffected by schizophrenia) and three pairs of healthy twins (both of the siblings are healthy). We have prepared iPSC models for these 3 groups of patients with schizophrenia, unaffected co-twins, and the healthy twins. When the study started the co-twins were considered healthy and unaffected but both the co-twins were later diagnosed with a depressive disorder. The reprogrammed iPSCs were differentiated into hippocampal neurons to measure the neurophysiological abnormalities in the patients. We found that the neurons derived from the schizophrenia patients were less arborized, were hypoexcitable with immature spike features, and exhibited a significant reduction in synaptic activity with dysregulation in synapse-related genes. Interestingly, the neurons derived from the co-twin siblings who did not have schizophrenia formed another distinct group that was different from the neurons in the group of the affected twin siblings but also different from the neurons in the group of the control twins. Importantly, their synaptic activity was not affected. Our measurements that were obtained from schizophrenia patients and their monozygotic twin and compared also to control healthy twins point to hippocampal synaptic deficits as a central mechanism in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Wright
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Idan Rosh
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yara Hussein
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tchelet Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ashwani Choudhary
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Patrick Reed
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hagit Sadis
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ritu Nayak
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aviram Shemen
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Karishma Agarwal
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Diogo Cordeiro
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - David Peles
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuqing Hang
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ana P D Mendes
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tithi D Baul
- Department of Psychiatry at the Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julien G Roth
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shashank Coorapati
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marco P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hilleke Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Molecular Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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McBride A, Arblaster G. Schizophrenia and Orthoptic Conditions: A Literature Review. Br Ir Orthopt J 2024; 20:133-145. [PMID: 38681187 PMCID: PMC11049682 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose A narrative review of the literature reporting ocular abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia was undertaken to determine the types and prevalence of orthoptic conditions in this patient cohort. Methods A systematic search of multiple databases yielded 1,974 studies published between January 1992 and January 2022. All were screened for relevance based on their title and abstract. Results Seventeen studies were included in the final review. Ocular abnormalities reported in schizophrenia included a high incidence of strabismus, reduced visual acuity and reduced stereopsis compared to controls. Additionally, eye movement abnormalities (including reduced smooth pursuit gain and increased prosaccade latency) were frequently reported. Reduced visual acuity was associated with negative symptoms and reduced quality of life in schizophrenia. Conclusions Orthoptists and eye care professionals should be aware that a higher incidence of strabismus, reduced visual acuity, reduced stereoacuity, and eye movement abnormalities are reported in patients with schizophrenia. Further research is required to determine whether, or to what extent, ocular abnormalities and visual disturbances influence or exacerbate the symptoms of schizophrenia, and whether there is an effect of schizophrenia medication on these orthoptic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna McBride
- University of Sheffield (BMedSci Orthoptics), UK
- University Hospitals Dorset, UK
| | - Gemma Arblaster
- School of Allied Health Professions, Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Sheffield, UK
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Aksoy G, Cattan G, Chakraborty S, Karabatak M. Quantum Machine-Based Decision Support System for the Detection of Schizophrenia from EEG Records. J Med Syst 2024; 48:29. [PMID: 38441727 PMCID: PMC10914922 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental disorder that significantly affects daily life. Electroencephalography (EEG), a method used to measure mental activities in the brain, is among the techniques employed in the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The symptoms of the disease typically begin in childhood and become more pronounced as one grows older. However, it can be managed with specific treatments. Computer-aided methods can be used to achieve an early diagnosis of this illness. In this study, various machine learning algorithms and the emerging technology of quantum-based machine learning algorithm were used to detect schizophrenia using EEG signals. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was applied to process the obtained data in quantum systems. The data, which were reduced in dimensionality, were transformed into qubit form using various feature maps and provided as input to the Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) algorithm. Thus, the QSVM algorithm was applied using different qubit numbers and different circuits in addition to classical machine learning algorithms. All analyses were conducted in the simulator environment of the IBM Quantum Platform. In the classification of this EEG dataset, it is evident that the QSVM algorithm demonstrated superior performance with a 100% success rate when using Pauli X and Pauli Z feature maps. This study serves as proof that quantum machine learning algorithms can be effectively utilized in the field of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamzepelin Aksoy
- Department of Software Engineering, Firat University, Elazig, Türkiye.
| | | | - Subrata Chakraborty
- School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Murat Karabatak
- Department of Software Engineering, Firat University, Elazig, Türkiye
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Leruste S, Pouilley-Bax A, Doray B, Maillard T, Monin F, Loubaresse C, Marimoutou C, Spodenkiewicz M. Actions to prevent and identify fetal alcohol spectrum disorders to be implemented in general practice: a consensus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1278973. [PMID: 38375324 PMCID: PMC10875990 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1278973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fetal alcohol exposure is the most common preventable cause of non-genetic intellectual disability. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is characterized by intellectual disability and distinctive facial features and affects 0.1% of live births, representing approximately 800 cases per year in France. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are 10 times more common than FAS, with an estimated 8,000 cases per year, and are associated with behavioral and social maladjustment in both children and adults, as well as various malformations. General practitioners play a key role in preventing and identifying FASD through their involvement in pregnancy and child monitoring. Methods Qualitative study using the Delphi method. Items were developed from the literature and semi-structured interviews with field professionals and health institutions. A panel of multi-professional experts, mostly general practitioners, was recruited. Results 24 initial actions were submitted to the experts. At the end of the first round, six actions reached a consensus and six were reformulated for the second round. At the end of the second round, three actions reached a consensus, for a total of 11 consensus actions. Four of these actions seem particularly relevant for rapid implementation, namely systematic proposal of pre-conceptional consultations for women planning pregnancy, systematic identification of environmental factors during child monitoring, systematic distribution of information on fetal alcohol exposure during pre-conception or early pregnancy, and the publication of a leaflet for general practitioners on the identification of children with FAS or FASD and the contact details of relevant associations. Conclusion Prevention and identification of FASD can be improved through short and general training supports for general practitioners. Early screening of FASD is crucial for children, and should be maintained throughout their monitoring. This study could be used for communication and dissemination of information based on the consensus obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Leruste
- Université de La Réunion—UFR Santé, Saint-Pierre, France
- INSERM CIC-EC 1410, CHU of Réunion Island, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Bérénice Doray
- Université de La Réunion—UFR Santé, Saint-Pierre, France
- INSERM CIC-EC 1410, CHU of Réunion Island, Saint-Pierre, France
- Laboratoire EPI (Etudes pharmaco-immunologiques), UFR Santé, Université de La Réunion, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Service de Génétique, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Centre Ressources TSAF (Troubles du Spectre de l’Alcoolisation Foetale), Fondation Père Favron, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest Occitanie Réunion, Site Constitutif de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | | | | | | | - Catherine Marimoutou
- Université de La Réunion—UFR Santé, Saint-Pierre, France
- INSERM CIC-EC 1410, CHU of Réunion Island, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Michel Spodenkiewicz
- Université de La Réunion—UFR Santé, Saint-Pierre, France
- INSERM CIC-EC 1410, CHU of Réunion Island, Saint-Pierre, France
- Moods Team, INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Uddin MJ, Hjorthøj C, Ahammed T, Nordentoft M, Ekstrøm CT. The use of polygenic risk scores as a covariate in psychological studies. METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.metip.2022.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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6
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Białoń M, Wąsik A. Advantages and Limitations of Animal Schizophrenia Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5968. [PMID: 35682647 PMCID: PMC9181262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental illness modeling is still a major challenge for scientists. Animal models of schizophrenia are essential to gain a better understanding of the disease etiopathology and mechanism of action of currently used antipsychotic drugs and help in the search for new and more effective therapies. We can distinguish among pharmacological, genetic, and neurodevelopmental models offering various neuroanatomical disorders and a different spectrum of symptoms of schizophrenia. Modeling schizophrenia is based on inducing damage or changes in the activity of relevant regions in the rodent brain (mainly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus). Such artificially induced dysfunctions approximately correspond to the lesions found in patients with schizophrenia. However, notably, animal models of mental illness have numerous limitations and never fully reflect the disease state observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Wąsik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Cracow, Poland;
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Maritska Z, Prananjaya B, Parisa N, Suryani P, Anggraini F, Putri S, Salim J, Atthariq Ramadhan M. Parental risk factors in schizophrenia: The apple does not fall far from the tree. ANNALS OF INDIAN PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_150_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gene-Environment Interactions in Schizophrenia: A Literature Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121850. [PMID: 34946799 PMCID: PMC8702084 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating mental illness with a strong genetic component that is the subject of extensive research. Despite the high heritability, it is well recognized that non-genetic factors such as certain infections, cannabis use, psychosocial stress, childhood adversity, urban environment, and immigrant status also play a role. Whenever genetic and non-genetic factors co-exist, interaction between the two is likely. This means that certain exposures would only be of consequence given a specific genetic makeup. Here, we provide a brief review of studies reporting evidence of such interactions, exploring genes and variants that moderate the effect of the environment to increase risk of developing psychosis. Discovering these interactions is crucial to our understanding of the pathogenesis of complex disorders. It can help in identifying individuals at high risk, in developing individualized treatments and prevention plans, and can influence clinical management.
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Coulibaly SDP, Ba B, Mounkoro PP, Diakite B, Kassogue Y, Maiga M, Dara AE, Traoré J, Kamaté Z, Traoré K, Koné M, Maiga B, Diarra Z, Coulibaly S, Togora A, Maiga Y, Koumaré B. Descriptive study of cases of schizophrenia in the Malian population. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:413. [PMID: 34416862 PMCID: PMC8377978 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a relatively common disease worldwide with a point prevalence of around 5/1000 in the population. The aim of this present work was to assess the demographic, clinical, familial, and environmental factors associated with schizophrenia in Mali. METHODS This was a prospective descriptive study on a series of 164 patients aged at least 12 years who came for a follow-up consultation at the psychiatry department of the University Hospital Center (CHU) Point G in Mali between February 2019 and January 2020 for schizophrenia spectrum disorder as defined by DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Our results revealed that the male sex was predominant (80.5%). The 25-34 age group was more represented with 44.5%. The place of birth for the majority of our patients was the urban area (52.4%), which also represented the place of the first year of life for the majority of our patients (56.1%). We noted that the unemployed and single people accounted for 56.1 and 61% respectively. More than half of our patients 58.5% reported having reached secondary school level. With the exception of education level, there was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of demographic parameters. Familial schizophrenia cases accounted for 51.7% versus 49.3% for non-familial cases. The different clinical forms were represented by the paranoid form, followed by the undifferentiated form, and the hebephrenic form with respectively 34, 28 and 17.1%. We noted that almost half (48.8%) of patients were born during the cold season. Cannabis use history was not observed in 68.7% of the patients. The proportions of patients with an out-of-school father or an out-of-school mother were 51.2 and 64.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION The onset of schizophrenia in the Malian population has been associated with socio-demographic, clinical, genetic and environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souleymane dit Papa Coulibaly
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), 1805, Point G, Bamako, Mali
- University Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali
| | - Baba Ba
- University Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali
| | - Pakuy Pierre Mounkoro
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), 1805, Point G, Bamako, Mali
- University Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali
| | - Brehima Diakite
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), 1805, Point G, Bamako, Mali
- University Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali
| | - Yaya Kassogue
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), 1805, Point G, Bamako, Mali
- University Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamoudou Maiga
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), 1805, Point G, Bamako, Mali
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611 USA
| | | | | | - Zoua Kamaté
- University Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali
| | | | | | | | | | - Souleymane Coulibaly
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), 1805, Point G, Bamako, Mali
- University Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali
| | - Arouna Togora
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), 1805, Point G, Bamako, Mali
- University Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali
| | - Youssoufa Maiga
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), 1805, Point G, Bamako, Mali
- University Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali
| | - Baba Koumaré
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), 1805, Point G, Bamako, Mali
- University Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali
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Long-Acting Risperidone Dual Control System: Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081210. [PMID: 34452171 PMCID: PMC8399464 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, requires long-term treatment; however, large fluctuations in blood drug concentration increase the risk of adverse reactions. We prepared a long-term risperidone (RIS) implantation system that can stabilize RIS release and established in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation systems. Cumulative release, drug loading, and entrapment efficiency were used as evaluation indicators to evaluate the effects of different pore formers, polymer ratios, porogen concentrations, and oil–water ratios on a RIS implant (RIS-IM). We also built a mathematical model to identify the optimized formulation by stepwise regression. We also assessed the crystalline changes, residual solvents, solubility and stability after sterilization, in-vivo polymer degradation, pharmacokinetics, and tissue inflammation in the case of the optimized formulation. The surface of the optimized RIS microspheres was small and hollow with 134.4 ± 3.5 µm particle size, 1.60 SPAN, 46.7% ± 2.3% implant drug loading, and 93.4% entrapment efficiency. The in-vitro dissolution behavior of RIS-IM had zero-order kinetics and stable blood concentration; no lag time was released for over three months. Furthermore, the RIS-IM was not only non-irritating to tissues but also had good biocompatibility and product stability. Long-acting RIS-IMs with microspheres and film coatings can provide a new avenue for treating schizophrenia.
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[Social defeat and schizophrenia: Hypotheses, arguments, mechanisms]. Encephale 2020; 47:238-245. [PMID: 33308864 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence for a main role of environment in the occurrence of mental disorders such as a psychosocial risk factor, for example, childhood trauma, discrimination linked to minority status, or migrant status. One hypothesis is that social adversity factors influence the risk of schizophrenia through a common pathway: social defeat which could be defined as the impotence of a subject in the face of a situation of social adversity, with a consequential experience of devaluation on the social scale. This review proposes to explain the animal model of social defeat which provides an overview of the neurobiological consequences of chronic stress. Then, we expose this topic in humans, the assessment methods, and its psychopathological field. Finally, we expose epidemiologic and neurobiological evidences, in particular the dopaminergic sensitization process, which provide evidence of a significant role of social defeat in schizophrenia risk due to exposure to psychosocial factors. This etiopathogenic hypothesis has several issues. First, a common pathway to several environmental risk factors could allow an ethiopathogenic model more parcimonious for schizophrenia. It could also allow the assessment and prevention of adversity factors involved in social defeat so as to finally improve the outcome of subjects who have an individual risk for schizophrenia.
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Szoke A, Pignon B, Boster S, Jamain S, Schürhoff F. Schizophrenia: Developmental Variability Interacts with Risk Factors to Cause the Disorder: Nonspecific Variability-Enhancing Factors Combine with Specific Risk Factors to Cause Schizophrenia. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000038. [PMID: 32864753 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new etiological model is proposed for schizophrenia that combines variability-enhancing nonspecific factors acting during development with more specific risk factors. This model is better suited than the current etiological models of schizophrenia, based on the risk factors paradigm, for predicting and/or explaining several important findings about schizophrenia: high co-morbidity rates, low specificity of many risk factors, and persistence in the population of the associated genetic polymorphisms. Compared with similar models, e.g., de-canalization, common psychopathology factor, sexual-selection, or differential sensitivity to the environment, this proposal is more general and integrative. Recently developed research methods have proven the existence of genetic and environmental factors that enhance developmental variability. Applying such methods to newly collected or already available data can allow for testing the hypotheses upon which this model is built. If validated, this model may change the understanding of the etiology of schizophrenia, the research models, and preventionbrk paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Szoke
- INSERM, U955, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Lab, Créteil, 94000, France.,AP-HP, DHU IMPACT, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, Créteil, 94000, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France.,UPEC, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- INSERM, U955, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Lab, Créteil, 94000, France.,AP-HP, DHU IMPACT, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, Créteil, 94000, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France.,UPEC, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, 94000, France
| | | | - Stéphane Jamain
- INSERM, U955, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Lab, Créteil, 94000, France.,UPEC, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Franck Schürhoff
- INSERM, U955, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Lab, Créteil, 94000, France.,AP-HP, DHU IMPACT, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, Créteil, 94000, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France.,UPEC, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, 94000, France
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Abrahamyan Empson L, Baumann PS, Söderström O, Codeluppi Z, Söderström D, Conus P. Urbanicity: The need for new avenues to explore the link between urban living and psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:398-409. [PMID: 31389169 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM A growing body of evidence suggests that urban living contributes to the development of psychosis. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. This paper aims to explore the best available knowledge on the matter, identify research gaps and outline future prospects for research strategies. METHOD A comprehensive literature survey on the main computerized medical research databases, with a time limit up to August 2017 on the issue of urbanicity and psychosis has been conducted. RESULTS The impact of urbanicity may result from a wide range of factors (from urban material features to stressful impact of social life) leading to "urban stress." The latter may link urban upbringing to the development of psychosis through overlapping neuro- and socio-developmental pathways, possibly unified by dopaminergic hyperactivity in mesocorticolimbic system. However, "urban stress" is poorly defined and research based on patients' experience of the urban environment is scarce. CONCLUSIONS Despite accumulated data, the majority of studies conducted so far failed to explain how specific factors of urban environment combine in patients' daily life to create protective or disruptive milieus. This undermines the translation of a vast epidemiological knowledge into effective therapeutic and urbanistic developments. New studies on urbanicity should therefore be more interdisciplinary, bridging knowledge from different disciplines (psychiatry, epidemiology, human geography, urbanism, etc.) in order to enrich research methods, ensure the development of effective treatment and preventive strategies as well as create urban environments that will contribute to mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilith Abrahamyan Empson
- Treatment and early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp S Baumann
- Treatment and early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ola Söderström
- Institute of Geography, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Zoé Codeluppi
- Institute of Geography, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Philippe Conus
- Treatment and early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Denis F, Goueslard K, Siu-Paredes F, Amador G, Rusch E, Bertaud V, Quantin C. Oral health treatment habits of people with schizophrenia in France: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229946. [PMID: 32150582 PMCID: PMC7062238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the differences between persons with schizophrenia (PWS) and general population in France in terms of oral health treatment (tooth scaling, dental treatment and tooth extraction) and the factors associated with these differences. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included PWS identified from a representative sample of 1/97th of the French population (general sample of beneficiaries). PWS were identified from 2014 data by an algorithm that included: F2 diagnostic codes in the register of long-term diseases in 2014 AND {(at least three deliveries of antipsychotics in 2014) OR (F20 diagnostic codes as a main or associated diagnosis in hospital discharge abstracts in 2012 or 2013 (hospital data for medicine, surgery and obstetrics)}. Follow-up dental care was explored for all people over a period of 3 years (2014 to 2017). RESULTS In 2014, 580,219 persons older than 15 years were identified from the 96 metropolitan departments in France; 2,213 were PWS (0.4%). Fewer PWS were found along a diagonal line from north-east to south-west France, and the highest numbers were located in urban departments. PWS were more often male (58.6% vs 48.7%, p<0.001). They were less likely to have had tooth scaling but more likely to have undergone a dental extraction. In one third of departments, more than 50% of PWS had at least one tooth scaling over a three-year period; the rate of dental extraction in these departments ranged from 6 to 23%. Then, a quarter of the departments in which 40 to 100% of PWS had had at least one dental extraction (2/8) presented a rate of tooth scaling ranging from 0 to 28% over the study period. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the general population, PWS were less likely to have had tooth scaling and dental treatment but more likely to have undergone dental extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Denis
- Faculté de Médecine, EA 75–05 Education, Ethique, Santé, Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté d’odontologie, Nantes, France
- Odontology Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Karine Goueslard
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Dijon, France
| | - Francesca Siu-Paredes
- Faculté d’Odontologie de Reims, Université Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
- EA 481 Integrative Neurosciences and Clinical, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Gilles Amador
- Université de Nantes, Faculté d’odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Rusch
- Faculté de Médecine, EA 75–05 Education, Ethique, Santé, Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Valérie Bertaud
- Health Big Data, LTSI—INSERM U 1099, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Rennes University Hospital and Guillaume Regnier Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Quantin
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Dijon, France
- INSERM, CIC 1432, Dijon University Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, clinical epidemiology/ clinical trials unit, Dijon, France
- Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases (B2PHI), INSERM, UVSQ, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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15
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Disparities in cancer screening in people with mental illness across the world versus the general population: prevalence and comparative meta-analysis including 4 717 839 people. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:52-63. [PMID: 31787585 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since people with mental illness are more likely to die from cancer, we assessed whether people with mental illness undergo less cancer screening compared with the general population. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed and PsycINFO, without a language restriction, and hand-searched the reference lists of included studies and previous reviews for observational studies from database inception until May 5, 2019. We included all published studies focusing on any type of cancer screening in patients with mental illness; and studies that reported prevalence of cancer screening in patients, or comparative measures between patients and the general population. The primary outcome was odds ratio (OR) of cancer screening in people with mental illness versus the general population. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality and I2 to assess study heterogeneity. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42018114781. FINDINGS 47 publications provided data from 46 samples including 4 717 839 individuals (501 559 patients with mental illness, and 4 216 280 controls), of whom 69·85% were women, for screening for breast cancer (k=35; 296 699 individuals with mental illness, 1 023 288 in the general population), cervical cancer (k=29; 295 688 with mental illness, 3 540 408 in general population), colorectal cancer (k=12; 153 283 with mental illness, 2 228 966 in general population), lung and gastric cancer (both k=1; 420 with mental illness, none in general population), ovarian cancer (k=1; 37 with mental illness, none in general population), and prostate cancer (k=6; 52 803 with mental illness, 2 038 916 in general population). Median quality of the included studies was high at 7 (IQR 6-8). Screening was significantly less frequent in people with any mental disease compared with the general population for any cancer (k=37; OR 0·76 [95% CI 0·72-0·79]; I2=98·53% with publication bias of Egger's p value=0·025), breast cancer (k=27; 0·65 [0·60-0·71]; I2=97·58% and no publication bias), cervical cancer (k=23; 0·89 [0·84-0·95]; I2=98·47% and no publication bias), and prostate cancer (k=4; 0·78 [0·70-0·86]; I2=79·68% and no publication bias), but not for colorectal cancer (k=8; 1·02 [0·90-1·15]; I2=97·84% and no publication bias). INTERPRETATION Despite the increased mortality from cancer in people with mental illness, this population receives less cancer screening compared with that of the general population. Specific approaches should be developed to assist people with mental illness to undergo appropriate cancer screening, especially women with schizophrenia. FUNDING None.
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16
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Horikoshi S, Shiga T, Hoshino H, Ochiai H, Kanno-Nozaki K, Kanno K, Kaneko H, Kunii Y, Miura I, Yabe H. The Relationship between Mismatch Negativity and the COMTVal108/158Met Genotype in Schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology 2019; 77:192-196. [PMID: 30326466 DOI: 10.1159/000493738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a component of auditory event-related potentials that reflects automatic change detection in the brain, showing qualities of endophenotypes in schizophrenia. MMN deficiency is one of the robust findings in patients, and it reflects both cognitive and functional decline. Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) is a key enzyme involved in regulating dopamine transmission within the prefrontal cortex. A preliminary study suggested that the COMTVal108/158Met genotype (rs4680) is related to cognitive function in schizophrenia. Both the COMTVal108/158Met genotype and MMN are related to cognitive function, but no studies have reported on the relationship between MMN and the COMTVal108/158Met genotype in schizophrenia. This study therefore examined the relationship between COMTVal108/158Met genotype and MMN. The duration of MMN was measured, and the COMTVal108/158Met polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 49 Japanese schizophrenia patients (Val/Val, n = 21; Met carriers, n = 28). Amplitude and latency of MMN were compared between Val/Val and Met carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Horikoshi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,
| | - Tetsuya Shiga
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Haruka Ochiai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiko Kanno-Nozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kanno
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Haruka Kaneko
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Itaru Miura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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17
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Kassan A, Egawa J, Zhang Z, Almenar-Queralt A, Nguyen QM, Lajevardi Y, Kim K, Posadas E, Jeste DV, Roth DM, Patel PM, Patel HH, Head BP. Caveolin-1 regulation of disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 as a potential therapeutic target for schizophrenia. J Neurophysiol 2017; 117:436-444. [PMID: 27832597 PMCID: PMC5253400 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00481.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder manifested in early adulthood. Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is a susceptible gene for schizophrenia (Hodgkinson et al. 2004; Millar et al. 2000; St Clair et al. 1990) implicated in neuronal development, brain maturation, and neuroplasticity (Brandon and Sawa 2011; Chubb et al. 2008). Therefore, DISC1 is a promising candidate gene for schizophrenia, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in the pathogenesis of the disease are still poorly understood. Interestingly, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a cholesterol binding and scaffolding protein, regulates neuronal signal transduction and promotes neuroplasticity. In this study we examined the role of Cav-1 in mediating DISC1 expression in neurons in vitro and the hippocampus in vivo. Overexpressing Cav-1 specifically in neurons using a neuron-specific synapsin promoter (SynCav1) increased expression of DISC1 and proteins involved in synaptic plasticity (PSD95, synaptobrevin, synaptophysin, neurexin, and syntaxin 1). Similarly, SynCav1-transfected differentiated human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) exhibited increased expression of DISC1 and markers of synaptic plasticity. Conversely, hippocampi from Cav-1 knockout (KO) exhibited decreased expression of DISC1 and proteins involved in synaptic plasticity. Finally, SynCav1 delivery to the hippocampus of Cav-1 KO mice and Cav-1 KO neurons in culture restored expression of DISC1 and markers of synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, we found that Cav-1 coimmunoprecipitated with DISC1 in brain tissue. These findings suggest an important role by which neuron-targeted Cav-1 regulates DISC1 neurobiology with implications for synaptic plasticity. Therefore, SynCav1 might be a potential therapeutic target for restoring neuronal function in schizophrenia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study is the first to demonstrate that caveolin-1 can regulate DISC1 expression in neuronal models. Furthermore, the findings are consistent across three separate neuronal models that include rodent neurons (in vitro and in vivo) and human differentiated neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. These findings justify further investigation regarding the modulatory role by caveolin on synaptic function and as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kassan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry and the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Junji Egawa
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Zheng Zhang
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Angels Almenar-Queralt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | | | | | - Kaitlyn Kim
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | | | - Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry and the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David M Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Piyush M Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Brian P Head
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
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18
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Hass J, Walton E, Kirsten H, Turner J, Wolthusen R, Roessner V, Sponheim SR, Holt D, Gollub R, Calhoun VD, Ehrlich S. Complexin2 modulates working memory-related neural activity in patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:137-45. [PMID: 25297695 PMCID: PMC4342303 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The specific contribution of risk or candidate gene variants to the complex phenotype of schizophrenia is largely unknown. Studying the effects of such variants on brain function can provide insight into disease-associated mechanisms on a neural systems level. Previous studies found common variants in the complexin2 (CPLX2) gene to be highly associated with cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients. Similarly, cognitive functioning was found to be impaired in Cplx2 gene-deficient mice if they were subjected to maternal deprivation or mild brain trauma during puberty. Here, we aimed to study seven common CPLX2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their neurogenetic risk mechanisms by investigating their relationship to a schizophrenia-related functional neuroimaging intermediate phenotype. We examined functional MRI and genotype data collected from 104 patients with DSM-IV-diagnosed schizophrenia and 122 healthy controls who participated in the Mind Clinical Imaging Consortium study of schizophrenia. Seven SNPs distributed over the whole CPLX2 gene were tested for association with working memory-elicited neural activity in a frontoparietal neural network. Three CPLX2 SNPs were significantly associated with increased neural activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and intraparietal sulcus in the schizophrenia sample, but showed no association in healthy controls. Since increased working memory-related neural activity in individuals with or at risk for schizophrenia has been interpreted as 'neural inefficiency,' these findings suggest that certain variants of CPLX2 may contribute to impaired brain function in schizophrenia, possibly combined with other deleterious genetic variants, adverse environmental events, or developmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hass
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,LIFE (Leipzig Interdisciplinary Research Cluster of Genetic Factors, Phenotypes and Environment), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Rick Wolthusen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry and the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Daphne Holt
- MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Randy Gollub
- MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The MIND Research Network, Albuquerque, NM USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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Crabtree GW, Gogos JA. Synaptic plasticity, neural circuits, and the emerging role of altered short-term information processing in schizophrenia. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2014; 6:28. [PMID: 25505409 PMCID: PMC4243504 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2014.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity alters the strength of information flow between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons and thus modifies the likelihood that action potentials in a presynaptic neuron will lead to an action potential in a postsynaptic neuron. As such, synaptic plasticity and pathological changes in synaptic plasticity impact the synaptic computation which controls the information flow through the neural microcircuits responsible for the complex information processing necessary to drive adaptive behaviors. As current theories of neuropsychiatric disease suggest that distinct dysfunctions in neural circuit performance may critically underlie the unique symptoms of these diseases, pathological alterations in synaptic plasticity mechanisms may be fundamental to the disease process. Here we consider mechanisms of both short-term and long-term plasticity of synaptic transmission and their possible roles in information processing by neural microcircuits in both health and disease. As paradigms of neuropsychiatric diseases with strongly implicated risk genes, we discuss the findings in schizophrenia and autism and consider the alterations in synaptic plasticity and network function observed in both human studies and genetic mouse models of these diseases. Together these studies have begun to point toward a likely dominant role of short-term synaptic plasticity alterations in schizophrenia while dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may be due to a combination of both short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg W. Crabtree
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A. Gogos
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
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20
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Genetic association study between methyl-CpG-binding domain genes and schizophrenia among Chinese family trios. Psychiatr Genet 2014; 24:221-4. [PMID: 24849540 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the genetic association between methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia. A total of 200 family trios consisting of fathers, mothers, and affected offspring with schizophrenia were recruited as our participants. Four tag SNPs on MBD1 (rs125555, rs140689, rs140687, and rs140686), three tag SNPs on MBD2 (rs3876254, rs7614, and rs1145317), and three tag SNPs on MBD3 (rs7252741, rs4807934, and rs4807122) genes were tested using the PCR-based ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR). The transmission disequilibrium test showed that rs1145317 on the MBD2 gene was significantly overtransmitted from parents to schizophrenic offspring (P=0.026). The haplotype-based haplotype relative risk test revealed that the haplotype rs7614-rs1145317 (A-G) was associated with schizophrenia (P=0.029). Our finding suggests that the MBD2 gene may be a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia.
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