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Zhang Y, Fan L, Wang S, Luo H. Short-Term Interaction Effects of PM 2.5 and O 3 on Daily Mortality: A Time-Series Study of Multiple Cities in China. TOXICS 2024; 12:578. [PMID: 39195680 PMCID: PMC11360695 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, PM2.5 and O3 have been the two main pollutants affecting public health in China, but the interaction of the two pollutants on human health remains unclear. A two-stage analytical approach was used to investigate the relationships of PM2.5-O3 co-pollution with nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality levels across 14 cities in China. We first utilized a generalized additive model (GAM) to determine the city-specific associations of PM2.5 and O3 with daily mortality. The associations were then combined at the national and regional levels using meta-analysis. To investigate the potential interactions between the two pollutants and cause-specific mortality, we performed stratified analyses by co-pollutant exposure levels and the synergy index (SI) (SI > 1 indicates a synergistic interaction). The effect of changes in the two pollutants' concentrations (in 10 μg/m3 increases) on mortality was assessed. The stratification analysis results suggested that each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at lag0-1 (lag01) in the low, moderate, and high strata of the O3 concentrations increased nonaccidental mortality by 0.07% (95% confidence interval: -0.03%, 0.17%), 0.33% (0.13%, 0.53%), and 0.68% (0.30%, 1.06%), respectively, with significant between-group differences (p < 0.001). Moreover, each 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 (lag01) in the low, moderate, and high strata of the PM2.5 concentrations increased nonaccidental mortality by 0.15% (-0.06%, 0.36%), 0.53% (0.19%, 0.87%), and 0.75% (0.14%, 1.36%), respectively, with significant between-group differences (p < 0.001). We also found substantial synergistic interactions between the two pollutants and nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality levels, with SI values of 1.48, 1.51, and 1.33, respectively. Additionally, a subgroup analysis revealed that the interaction of these two pollutants on nonaccidental mortality were greater in South China compared to elsewhere, and during the warm season compared to during the cold season. Our findings suggested that the simultaneous control of PM2.5 and O3 within the context of combined air pollution could significantly decrease the disease risk, especially in southern China and during the warm season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; (L.F.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; (L.F.); (S.W.)
| | - Shigong Wang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; (L.F.); (S.W.)
| | - Huan Luo
- Chengdu Shuangliu District Meteorological Bureau, Chengdu 610299, China;
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Wang J, Wu H, Liu Y, Wang W. Health welfare in the digital era: Exploring the impact of digital trade on residents' health. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2024; 54:101414. [PMID: 39089003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
As a product combining information and communication technology, digital technology, and traditional trade, digital trade represents a new form of international trade development in the context of economic globalization. As its scale continues to expand, digital trade not only profoundly impacts consumer health behaviors and environmental pollution control but also enhances opportunities for residents to access healthcare products and services. This could potentially have a significant promoting effect on residents' health levels. However, the extent and mechanisms through which digital trade affects residents' health remain unclear. Accordingly, this study fills in a gap in the research by calculating the provincial-level digital trade index for China from 2012-2020 and matching it with data from the China Family Panel Studies. The goal is to find the micro-causal mechanisms of digital trade on residents' health from green consumption and environmental improvement perspectives. The results show that digital trade reduces residents' medical expenses and improves their health. We use a quasi-natural experiment by treating the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone as a digital trade treatment group and conducting a difference-in-differences estimation, finding that the health effects of digital trade remain significant. Heterogeneity indicates that the health effects of digital trade are powerful for middle- and high-income households and rural residents. In the east and center, in regions with well-developed transportation infrastructure and digital financial inclusion, the development of digital trade is more conducive to residents' health. Additionally, we demonstrate that digital trade can affect residents' health by promoting green consumption, eliminating energy poverty (i.e., improving indoor air pollution), and enhancing environmental quality (i.e., improving outdoor environmental pollution). This study provides solid scientific empirical evidence for enhancing human sustainable development through global digital trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Wang
- School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Haitao Wu
- International Business School, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Weilong Wang
- School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Chou-Chen SW, Barboza LA. Forecasting hospital discharges for respiratory conditions in Costa Rica using climate and pollution data. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:6539-6558. [PMID: 39176407 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases represent one of the most significant economic burdens on healthcare systems worldwide. The variation in the increasing number of cases depends greatly on climatic seasonal effects, socioeconomic factors, and pollution. Therefore, understanding these variations and obtaining precise forecasts allows health authorities to make correct decisions regarding the allocation of limited economic and human resources. We aimed to model and forecast weekly hospitalizations due to respiratory conditions in seven regional hospitals in Costa Rica using four statistical learning techniques (Random Forest, XGboost, Facebook's Prophet forecasting model, and an ensemble method combining the above methods), along with 22 climate change indices and aerosol optical depth as an indicator of pollution. Models were trained using data from 2000 to 2018 and were evaluated using data from 2019 as testing data. During the training period, we set up 2-year sliding windows and a 1-year assessment period, along with the grid search method to optimize hyperparameters for each model. The best model for each region was selected using testing data, based on predictive precision and to prevent overfitting. Prediction intervals were then computed using conformal inference. The relative importance of all climatic variables was computed for the best model, and similar patterns in some of the seven regions were observed based on the selected model. Finally, reliable predictions were obtained for each of the seven regional hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wei Chou-Chen
- Centro de Investigación en Matematica Pura y Aplicada, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Estadística, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | - Luis A Barboza
- Centro de Investigación en Matematica Pura y Aplicada, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Matemática, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
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Grimm D, Qian ZJ, Yong M, Hwang PH. The effect of PM2.5 on acute sinusitis: A population-based study. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:1258-1260. [PMID: 38400591 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
KEY POINTS PM2.5 exposure is a risk factor for the development of acute sinusitis. PM2.5 exposure affects acute sinusitis in a dose response fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grimm
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Z Jason Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael Yong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Peter H Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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5
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Cheng Z, Qin K, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Li B, Jiang C, Xu J. Air pollution and cancer daily mortality in Hangzhou, China: an ecological research. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084804. [PMID: 38858146 PMCID: PMC11168133 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollution has been linked to cancer incidence. However, the evidence is limited regarding the effect of short-term exposure to air pollution on cancer mortality. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate associations between short-term exposure to air pollutants (sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 mm (PM10) and PM2.5) and cancer daily mortality. METHODS This study used air quality, meteorological and daily cancer death data from 2014 to 2019 in Hangzhou, China. Generalised additive models (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression were used to analyse the associations between air pollutants and cancer mortality with adjustment for confounding factors including time trends, day of week, temperature and humidity. Then, we conducted stratified analyses by sex, age, season and education. In addition, stratified analyses of age, season and education were performed within each sex to determine whether sex difference was modified by such factors. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, the GAM results indicated a statistically significant relationship between increased cancer mortality and elevated air pollution concentrations, but only in the female population. For every 10 μg/m3 rise in pollutant concentration, the increased risk of cancer death in females was 6.82% (95% CI 3.63% to 10.10%) for SO2 on lag 03, and 2.02% (95% CI 1.12% to 2.93%) for NO2 on lag 01 and 0.89% (95% CI 0.46% to 1.33%) for PM10 on lag 03 and 1.29% (95% CI 0.64% to 1.95%) for PM2.5 on lag 03. However, no statistically significant association was found among males. Moreover, the differences in effect sizes between males and females were more pronounced during the cold season, among the elderly and among subjects with low levels of education. CONCLUSIONS Increased cancer mortality was only observed in females with rising concentrations of air pollutants. Further research is required to confirm this sex difference. Advocate for the reduction of air pollutant emissions to protect vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxue Cheng
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Qin
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhecong Yu
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Jiang
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Xu
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Cui H, Li J, Sun Y, Milne R, Tao Y, Ren J. A novel framework for quantitative attribution of particulate matter pollution mitigation to natural and socioeconomic drivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171910. [PMID: 38522549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying drivers contributing to air quality improvements is crucial for pollution prevention and optimizing local policies. Despite advances in machine learning for air quality analysis, their limited interpretability hinders attribution on global and local scales, vital for informed city management. Our study introduces an innovative framework quantifying socioeconomic and natural impacts on mitigation of particulate matter pollution in 31 Chinese major cities from 2014 to 2021. Two indices, formulated based on the additivity of Shapley additive explanations, are proposed to measure driver contributions globally and locally. Our analysis explores the self-contained and interactive effects of these drivers on particulate levels, pinpointing critical threshold values where these drivers trigger shifts in particulate matter levels. It is revealed that SO2, NOx, and dust emission reductions collectively account for 51.58 % and 51.96 % of PM2.5 and PM10 decreases at the global level. Moreover, our findings unveil a significant heterogeneity in driver contributions to pollutant mitigation across distinct cities, which can be instrumental in crafting location-specific policy recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yutong Sun
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Russell Milne
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yiwen Tao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Jingli Ren
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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Sharma BR, Kuttippurath J, Patel VK, Gopikrishnan GS. Regional sources of NH 3, SO 2 and CO in the Third Pole. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118317. [PMID: 38301761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The Third Pole (TP) is a high mountain region in the world, and is well-known for its pristine environment, but recent development activities in the region have degraded its air quality. Here, we investigate the spatial and temporal changes of the air pollutants ammonia (NH₃), sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO) in TP, and reveal their sources using satellite measurements and emission inventory. We observe a clear seasonal cycle of NH3 in TP, with high values in summer and low values in winter. The intense agriculture activities in the southern TP are the cause of high NH₃ (6-8 × 1016 molec./cm2) there. Similarly, CO shows a distinct seasonal cycle with high values in spring in the southeast TP due to biomass burning. In addition, the eastern boundary of TP in the Sichuan and Qinghai provinces also show high values of CO (about 1.5 × 1018 mol/cm2), primarily owing to the industrial activities. There is no seasonal cycle found for SO₂ distribution in TP, but relatively high values (8-10 mg/m2) are observed in its eastern boundary. The high-altitude pristine regions of inner TP are also getting polluted because of increased human activities in and around TP, as we estimate positive trends in CO (0.5-1.5 × 1016 mol/cm2/yr) there. In addition, positive trends are also found in NH₃ (0.025 × 1016 molec./cm2/yr) during 2008-2020 in most regions of TP and SO₂ (about 0.25-0.75 mg/m2/yr) in the Sichuan and Qinghai region during 2000-2020. As revealed by the emission inventory, there are high anthropogenic emissions of NH3, SO2 and CO within TP. There are emissions of pollutants from energy sectors, oil and refinery, agriculture waste burning and manure management within TP. These anthropogenic activities accelerate the ongoing development in TP, but severely erode its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Sharma
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - J Kuttippurath
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - V K Patel
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - G S Gopikrishnan
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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8
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Zheng H, Kong S, Seo J, Yan Y, Cheng Y, Yao L, Wang Y, Zhao T, Harrison RM. Achievements and challenges in improving air quality in China: Analysis of the long-term trends from 2014 to 2022. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108361. [PMID: 38091821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to the implementation of air pollution control measures in China, air quality has significantly improved, although there are still additional issues to be addressed. This study used the long-term trends of air pollutants to discuss the achievements and challenges in further improving air quality in China. The Kolmogorov-Zurbenko (KZ) filter and multiple-linear regression (MLR) were used to quantify the meteorology-related and emission-related trends of air pollutants from 2014 to 2022 in China. The KZ filter analysis showed that PM2.5 decreased by 7.36 ± 2.92% yr-1, while daily maximum 8-h ozone (MDA8 O3) showed an increasing trend with 3.71 ± 2.89% yr-1 in China. The decrease in PM2.5 and increase in MDA8 O3 were primarily attributed to changes in emission, with the relative contribution of 85.8% and 86.0%, respectively. Meteorology variations, including increased ambient temperature, boundary layer height, and reduced relative humidity, also contributed to the reduction of PM2.5 and the enhancement of MDA8 O3. The emission-related trends of PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 exhibited continuous decrease and increase, respectively, from 2014 to 2022, while the variation rates slowed during 2018-2020 compared to that during 2014-2017, highlighting the challenges in further improving air quality, particularly in simultaneously reducing PM2.5 and O3. This study recommends reducing NH3 emissions from the agriculture sector in rural areas and transport emissions in urban areas to further decrease PM2.5 levels. Addressing O3 pollution requires the reduction of O3 precursor gases based on site-specific atmospheric chemistry considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of the China Meteorological Administration, PREMIC, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, China; Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Jihoon Seo
- Climate and Environmental Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingying Yan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Liquan Yao
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of the China Meteorological Administration, PREMIC, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Roy M Harrison
- School of Geography, Earth and Environment Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Ni W, Shi Q. Distributed lag effects and vulnerable groups of PM and active pulmonary TB in Qingdao, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:179-188. [PMID: 37968454 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
There has been a gap regarding current knowledge of the effect of PM on pulmonary TB, such as the exposure-time-response between them. This study aimed to explore the distributed lag effects of particulate matter (PM) on active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and identify the vulnerable groups. A generalized additive mixed model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model was applied to quantify the association between PM and active pulmonary TB with adjustment for potential confounders. Relative risk (RR) and cumulative RR with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to quantify the exposure-time-response. A total of 16,486 cases of active pulmonary TB were notified. Results suggested that a unit 10 µg/m3 increase of daily PM2.5 concentration was positively associated with active pulmonary TB morbidity at 36-115 lag day and RR reached maximum at 66 lag day (1.0076; 95%CI, 1.0031-1.0122), and the cumulative RR was 2.1940 (95%CI, 1.2292-3.9161). For PM10, this association was significantly positive at 73-117 lag day, and RR reached maximum at 100 lag day (1.0036; 95%CI, 1.0003-1.0067), and the cumulative RR was not significant. This study provides evidence that PM significantly associate with active pulmonary TB. Vulnerability to PM2.5 was identified in male, female, 0-18 ages, 19-64 ages, workers, and students. Our findings have significant implications for developing local strategies to prevent and reduce health impact in PM polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiuling Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, No.1Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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10
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Athparia M, Bora N, Deka A, Sohtun P, Padhi P, Bhuyan N, Bordoloi NJ, Gogoi L, Kataki R. Non-fuel applications of bio-oil for sustainability in management of bioresources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31449-w. [PMID: 38155309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomass valorization by thermochemical conversion method is a promising and intriguing pathway due to the flexibility of utilizing a diverse group of biomass and biowastes, specific product delivery mechanism through manipulation of process parameters, and wide applicability of the products. Pyrolysis has been viewed as an effective valorization technique to transform biowastes into pyrolytic oil, solid char, and syngas. Syngas is generally fed to the pyrolysis process to generate heat necessary for the pyrolysis process to sustain. Pyrolysis may also be a subsidiary component in a biorefinery system where it draws feedstocks from refinery process residues or the side streams of the refinery operation. In recent times, pyrolysis products have been under intense research for their usability and diverse applicability. Bio-oil's rich chemical makeup has promising potential to be used as an advanced biofuel and is considered as a storehouse of diverse chemical species ranging from green solvents to bioactive chemicals. The current review provides a state of knowledge on non-fuel uses of bio-oil and concludes that the pyrolysis process and products could be a part of the future bioeconomy if designed in a manner that biowastes are transformed into value-added products which replace products of petroleum origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mondita Athparia
- Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Neelam Bora
- Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Anuron Deka
- Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Phibarisha Sohtun
- Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Priyanka Padhi
- Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Nilutpal Bhuyan
- Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
- Department of Chemistry, Devi Charan Baruah Girls' College, Jorhat, 785001, India
| | - Neon Jyoti Bordoloi
- Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
- Department of Chemistry, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, 781026, Assam, India
| | - Lina Gogoi
- Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Rupam Kataki
- Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
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11
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Sharma BR, Kuttippurath J, Patel VK. A gradual increase of aerosol pollution in the Third Pole during the past four decades: Implication for regional climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117105. [PMID: 37689338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
We analyse the long-term (1980-2020) changes in aerosols over the Third Pole (TP) and assess the changes in radiative forcing (RF) using satellite, ground-based and reanalysis data. The annual mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) varies from 0.06 to 0.24, with the highest values of around 0.2 in the north and southwest TP, which are dominated by dust from Taklimakan and Thar deserts, respectively. However, Organic Carbon (OC), Black Carbon (BC) and sulphate aerosols have significant contributions to the total AOD in the south and east TP. High amounts of dust are observed in spring and summer, but BC in winter. Trajectory analysis reveals that the air mass originated from East and South Asia carries BC and OC, whereas the air from South Asia, Central Asia and Middle East brings dust to TP. Significant positive trends in AOD is found in TP, with high values of about 0.002/yr in the eastern and southern TP. There is a gradual increase in BC and OC concentrations during 1980-2020, but the change from 2000 is phenomenal. The RF at the top of the atmosphere varies from -10 to 2 W/m2 in TP, and high positive RF of about 2 W/m2 is estimated in Pamir, Karakoram and Nyainquentanglha mountains, where the massive glacier mass exists. The RF has increased in much of TP during recent decades (2001-2020) with respect to previous decades (1981-2000), which can be due to the rise in BC and dust during the latter period. Therefore, the positive trend in BC and its associated change in RF can amplify the regional warming, and thus, the melting of glaciers or ice in TP. This is a great concern as it is directly connected to the water security of many South Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Sharma
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India; Department of Physics, Prithvinarayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - J Kuttippurath
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - V K Patel
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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Yao Q, Zhang X, Wu Y, Liu C. Decomposing income-related inequality in health-related quality of life in mainland China: a national cross-sectional study. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e013350. [PMID: 38035731 PMCID: PMC10689391 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health equity is an important indicator measuring social development and solidarity. However, there is a paucity in nationwide studies into the inequity in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in mainland China, in particular using the most recent data measuring HRQoL using the EuroQol 5-Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L). This study aimed to address the gap in the literature by estimating and decomposing income-related inequality of the utility index (UI) of EQ-5D-5L in mainland China. METHODS Data were extracted from the Psychology and Behaviour Investigation of Chinese Residents (2022), including 19 738 respondents over the age of 18 years. HRQoL was assessed by the UI of the EQ-5D-5L. Concentration index (CI) was calculated to measure the degree of income-related inequality in the UI. The contributions of individual, behavioural and context characteristics to the CI were estimated using the Wagstaff decomposition method. RESULTS The CI of the EQ-5D-5L UI reached 0.0103, indicating pro-rich inequality in HRQoL. Individual characteristics made the greatest contribution to the CI (57.68%), followed by context characteristics (0.60%) and health behaviours (-3.28%). The contribution of individual characteristics was mainly attributable to disparities in the enabling (26.86%) and need factors (23.86%), with the chronic conditions (15.76%), health literacy (15.56%) and average household income (15.24%) as the top three contributors. Educational level (-5.24%) was the top negative contributor, followed by commercial (-1.43%) and basic medical insurance (-0.56%). Higher inequality was found in the least developed rural (CI=0.0140) and western regions (CI=0.0134). CONCLUSION Pro-rich inequality in HRQoL is evident in mainland China. Targeted interventions need to prioritise measures that aim at reducing disparities in chronic conditions, health literacy and income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yao
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Centre for Social Security Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Lu C, Li Q, Qiao Z, Liu Q, Wang F. Effects of pre-natal and post-natal exposures to air pollution on onset and recurrence of childhood otitis media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132254. [PMID: 37572606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite mounting evidence linking outdoor air pollution with otitis media (OM), the role of air pollutant(s) exposure during which critical window(s) on childhood OM remains unknown. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify the key air pollutant(s) and critical window(s) associated with the onset and recurrent attacks of OM in kindergarten children. METHODS A combined cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study involving 8689 preschoolers aged 3-6 years was performed in Changsha, China. From 2013-2020, data on air pollutants were collected from ambient air quality monitoring stations in Changsha, and the exposure concentration to each child at their home address was calculated using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. The relationship between air pollution and OM in kindergarten children was studied using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Childhood lifetime OM was associated with PM2.5, SO2 and NO2, with ORs (95% CI) of 1.43 (1.19-1.71), 1.18 (1.01-1.37) and 1.18 (1.00-1.39) by per IQR increase in utero exposure and with PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM10, with ORs = 1.15 (1.00-1.32), 1.25 (1.13-1.40) and 1.49 (1.28-1.74) for entire post-natal exposure, respectively. The 2nd trimester in utero and the post-natal period, especially the 1st year, were key exposure time windows to PM2.5 and PM10 associated with lifetime OM and the onset of OM. Similarly, the 4th gestational month was a critical window for all pollutants except CO exposure in relation to lifetime OM and OM onset, but not recurrent OM attacks. PM2.5 exposure during the nine gestational months and PM10 exposure during the first three years had cumulative effects on OM development. Our subgroup analysis revealed that certain children were more susceptible to the OM risk posed by air pollution. CONCLUSIONS Early-life exposure to air pollution, particularly PM2.5 during the middle of gestation and PM10 during the early post-natal period, was associated with childhood OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410028, China.
| | - Qin Li
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410028, China
| | - Zipeng Qiao
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410028, China
| | - Qin Liu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410028, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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14
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Lu C, Yang W, Wang F, Li B, Liu Z, Liao H. Effects of intrauterine and post-natal exposure to air pollution on children's pneumonia: Key roles in different particulate matters exposure during critical time windows. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131837. [PMID: 37329598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite mounting evidence linked pneumonia with air pollution, it is unclear what main pollutant(s) exposure in which critical window(s) play a key role in pneumonia. OBJECTIVE To examine effects of intrauterine and post-natal exposure to air pollution on children's doctor-diagnosed pneumonia (DDP). METHODS A combination of cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study was conducted at Changsha, China during 2019-2020. Personal exposure to outdoor air pollutants at each child's home address was estimated using inverse distance weighted (IDW) method based on data from 10 air quality monitoring stations. Associations between personal air pollution exposure and DDP were evaluated. RESULTS Children's DDP was associated with intrauterine and post-natal exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10, adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 1.17 (1.04-1.30), 1.09 (1.01-1.17), and 1.07 (1.00-1.14) for IQR increase in intrauterine exposure and 1.12 (1.02-1.22), 1.13 (1.06-1.21), and 1.28 (1.16-1.41) for post-natal exposure. Intrauterine PM2.5 exposure and post-natal PM10 exposure were associated with a higher risk of pneumonia. We identified the 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, and first year as critical windows respectively for PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10 exposure. Daytime exposure to traffic-related air pollution especially during early life increased DDP. CONCLUSION Intrauterine and post-natal exposure to particulate matters played a dominant role in children's DDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Wenhui Yang
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Occupational Safety and Public Health Group, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zijing Liu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Hongsen Liao
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
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15
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Xie Y, Xu M, Pu J, Pan Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Xu S. Large-scale renewable energy brings regionally disproportional air quality and health co-benefits in China. iScience 2023; 26:107459. [PMID: 37599826 PMCID: PMC10432202 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing renewable energy could jointly reduce air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and bring air pollution-related health co-benefits. However, the temporal and sub-national distributions of investment costs and human health co-benefits from renewable energy deployment remain unclear. To investigate this gap, we linked multiple models for a more comprehensive assessment of the economic-environmental-health co-benefits of renewable energy development in China. The results show that developing renewable energy can avoid 0.6 million premature mortalities, 151 million morbidities, and 111 million work-loss days in 2050. Meanwhile, the human health and economic co-benefits vary substantially across regions in China. Renewable energy can undoubtedly bring health and economic co-benefits. Nevertheless, the economic benefits lag considerably behind the high initial investment cost, first negative in 2030 (-0.6 trillion Yuan) and then positive in 2050 (2.9 trillion Yuan). Hence, renewable energy deployment strategy must be carefully designed considering the regional disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Laboratory for Low-carbon Intelligent Governance, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng Xu
- School of Management, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jinlu Pu
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yujie Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanxu Zhang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shasha Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Supasri T, Gheewala SH, Macatangay R, Chakpor A, Sedpho S. Association between ambient air particulate matter and human health impacts in northern Thailand. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12753. [PMID: 37550356 PMCID: PMC10406826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution in Thailand is regarded as a serious health threat, especially in the northern region. High levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) are strongly linked to severe health consequences and mortality. This study analyzed the relationship between exposure to ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 by using data from the Pollution Control Department of Thailand and the burden of disease due to an increase in the ambient particulate matter concentrations in northern Thailand. This study was conducted using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology considering the human health damage impact category in the ReCiPe 2016 method. The results revealed that the annual average years of life lived with disability from ambient PM2.5 in northern Thailand is about 41,372 years, while from PM10 it is about 59,064 years per 100,000 population. The number of deaths from lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases caused by PM2.5 were approximately 0.04% and 0.06% of the population of northern Thailand, respectively. Deaths due to lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases caused by PM10, on the other hand, were approximately 0.06% and 0.08%, respectively. The findings expressed the actual severity of the impact of air pollution on human health. It can provide valuable insights for organizations in setting strategies to address air pollution. Organizations can build well-informed strategies and turn them into legal plans by exploiting the study's findings. This ensures that their efforts to tackle air pollution are successful, in accordance with regulations, and contribute to a healthier, more sustainable future guidelines on appropriate practices of air pollution act/policy linkage with climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titaporn Supasri
- Atmospheric Research Unit, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Energy Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Shabbir H Gheewala
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ronald Macatangay
- Atmospheric Research Unit, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Anurak Chakpor
- Atmospheric Research Unit, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Surat Sedpho
- School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
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Yang J, Xu X, Ma X, Wang Z, You Q, Shan W, Yang Y, Bo X, Yin C. Application of machine learning to predict hospital visits for respiratory diseases using meteorological and air pollution factors in Linyi, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:88431-88443. [PMID: 37438508 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization and industrial development have resulted in increased air pollution, which is concerning for public health. This study evaluates the effect of meteorological factors and air pollution on hospital visits for respiratory diseases (pneumonia, acute upper respiratory infections, and chronic lower respiratory diseases). The test dataset comprises meteorological parameters, air pollutant concentrations, and outpatient hospital visits for respiratory diseases in Linyi, China, from January 1, 2016 to August 20, 2022. We use support vector regression (SVR) to build models that enable analysis of the effect of meteorological factors and air pollutants on the number of outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. Spearman correlation analysis and SVR model results indicate that NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 are correlated with the occurrence of respiratory diseases, with the strongest correlation relating to pneumonia. An increase in the daily average temperature and daily relative humidity decreases the number of patients with pneumonia and chronic lower respiratory diseases but increases the number of patients with acute upper respiratory infections. The SVR modeling has the potential to predict the number of respiratory-related hospital visits. This work demonstrates that machine learning can be combined with meteorological and air pollution data for disease prediction, providing a useful tool whereby policymakers can take preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Intersection of Wohushan Road and Wuhan Road in Beicheng New Area, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Ma
- School of Information and Control Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City, 132022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaotong Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian You
- School of Management and Engineering, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyue Shan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Bo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- BUCT Institute for Carbon-Neutrality of Chinese Industries, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuansheng Yin
- Intersection of Wohushan Road and Wuhan Road in Beicheng New Area, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Han J, Li T, Wu T, Fang C. Impact analysis of meteorological variables on PM 2.5 pollution in the most polluted cities in China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17609. [PMID: 37483720 PMCID: PMC10359771 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous promotion of urbanization in China, air pollution problems have become increasingly prominent in recent years. Various factors, such as emissions, meteorology, and physical and chemical reactions, jointly affect the severity of PM2.5 pollution to a large extent. This study selected five meteorological variables (planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), wind speed (WS), temperature(T), water vapor mixing ratio(Q), and precipitation (PCP)) for perturbation, and 21 different scenarios were set up. In this study, the effects of changes in a single meteorological variable on the pollutants produced in the area were represented by subtracting the baseline scenario (i.e., without perturbation of meteorological variables) simulated in January 2017 separately from each post-disturbance scenario. The results showed that Handan (HD) has the highest annual mean PM2.5 concentration of 85.75 μg/m3 in 2017, while all cities in study area exceeded the secondary concentration limit of urban atmospheric particulate matter. The correlation coefficient (R) between the simulation values of models and the actual monitoring values ranges from 0.41 to 0.74, indicating good model performance and acceptable simulation errors. PBLH (±10%-±20%), WS(±10%-±20%), and PCP(±10%-±20%) all showed a single adverse effect among the five meteorological variables, meaning that a reduction in these three factors led to an increase in PM2.5 concentrations. However, T (±1 K-±1.5 K) and Q (±10%-±20%) could indicate a positive impact under certain conditions. From the sensitivity calculations of single meteorological variables, it is clear that WS, PBLH, and PCP show a highly linear trend in all cities at the 0.01 level of significance. The hypothesis that T changes linearly in 10 cities in the study area is valid, while for Q, the hypothesis that Q changes linearly only occurs in Shijiazhuang and Baoding. When different meteorological variables are disturbed, there are significant spatial differences in the main affected areas of PM2.5 concentrations. By discussing the impact of meteorological variable disturbance on air quality in critically polluted cities in China, this study identified the meteorological variables that can substantially affect PM2.5 concentration. The more complex T and Q should be considered when formulating relevant emission measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiatong Han
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tongnan Li
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tong Wu
- China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Shenyang Engineering Company, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunsheng Fang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Sun L, Ai X, Yao X, An Q, Liu X, Yakovleva E, Zhang L, Sun H, Zhang K, Zang S. Relationship between atmospheric pollution and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh snow during heavy pollution episodes in a cold city, northeast China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115091. [PMID: 37267779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Air quality index (AQI) and air pollutants during two typical pollution episodes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fresh snow after each episode in the winter 2019 across Harbin City in northeast China were investigated to explore the co-environmental behaviors. Significantly greater values of AQI and PAHs were found in the more serious atmospheric pollution episode (episode Ⅱ), demonstrating that PAHs in fresh snow is a robust indicator. PM2.5 was the primary air pollutant in both episodes based on PM2.5/PM10 ratios, which might be attributed to fine particulate converted from gas-to-particle process. PM2.5 and 4-ring PAHs significantly positive correlated, indicating that airborne particulate PAHs were co-emitted and co-transported with atmospheric fine particles released from coal combustion and vehicular emission under low temperature and high relative humidity. 3- and 4- rings PAHs were dominant in episode Ⅱ, while 5- and 6- rings PAHs were found the lowest in both episodes. These characteristics reflected that long-range transportation of coal and biomass burning were from the surrounding areas, while vehicle exhausts were mainly from local emissions. Except for the impact of local pollution source emissions, the regional transport could make a greater contribution in a more serious pollution event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Xin Ai
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Qi An
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Xinmiao Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Evgenia Yakovleva
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., Syktyvkar, Komi Republic 167982, the Russian Federation
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Huajie Sun
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Xingnuo Atmospheric Environment Technology (Nanjing) Co., LTD, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Shuying Zang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin 150025, China.
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20
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Li M, Edgell RC, Wei J, Li H, Qian ZM, Feng J, Tian F, Wang X, Xin Q, Cai M, Lin H. Air pollution and stroke hospitalization in the Beibu Gulf Region of China: A case-crossover analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114814. [PMID: 36965278 PMCID: PMC10107400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between air pollution and stroke has been extensively studied, however, the evidence regarding the association between air pollution and hospitalization due to stroke and its subtypes in coastal areas of China is limited. OBJECTIVE To estimate the associations between air pollution and hospitalizations of stroke and its subtypes in the Beibu Gulf Region of China. METHODS We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study in 15 cities in Beibu Gulf Region in China from 2013 to 2016. Exposures to PM1, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO on the case and control days were assessed at residential addresses using bilinear interpolation. Conditional logistic regressions were constructed to estimate city-specific associations adjusting for meteorological factors and public holidays. Meta-analysis was further conducted to pool all city-level estimates. RESULTS There were 271,394 case days and 922,305 control days. The odds ratios (ORs) for stroke hospitalizations associated with each interquartile range (IQR) increase in 2-day averages of SO2 (IQR: 10.8 µg/m3), NO2 (IQR: 11.2 µg/m3), and PM10 (IQR: 37 µg/m3) were 1.047 (95 % CI [confidence interval]: 1.015-1.080), 1.040 (95 % CI: 1.027-1.053), and 1.018 (95 % CI: 1.004-1.033), respectively. The associations with hospitalizations of ischemic stroke were significant for all seven pollutants, while the association with hemorrhagic stroke was significant only for CO. The associations of SO2, NO2, and O3 with stroke hospitalization were significantly stronger in the cool season. CONCLUSIONS Short-term increase in SO2, NO2, and PM10 might be important triggers of stroke hospitalization. All seven air pollutants were associated with ischemic stroke hospitalization, while only CO was associated with hemorrhagic stroke hospitalization. These results should be considered in public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Randall C Edgell
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1008 South Spring, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park 20740, USA
| | - Haopeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Jin Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qinghua Xin
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 271016, China.
| | - Miao Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Luo Y, Xu L, Li Z, Zhou X, Zhang X, Wang F, Peng J, Cao C, Chen Z, Yu H. Air pollution in heavy industrial cities along the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang: characteristics, meteorological influence, and sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55092-55111. [PMID: 36884176 PMCID: PMC9994416 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal characteristics, relationship with meteorological factors, and source distribution of air pollutants (January 2017-December 2021) were analyzed to better understand the air pollutants on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM) in Xinjiang, a heavily polluted urban agglomeration of heavy industries. The results showed that the annual mean concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 were 8.61-13.76 μg m-3, 26.53-36.06 μg m-3, 0.79-1.31 mg m-3, 82.24-87.62 μg m-3, 37.98-51.10 μg m-3, and 84.15-97.47 μg m-3. The concentrations of air pollutants (except O3) showed a decreasing trend. The highest concentrations were in winter, and in Wujiaqu, Shihezi, Changji, Urumqi, and Turpan, the concentrations of particulate matter exceeded the NAAQS Grade II during winter. The west wind and the spread of local pollutants both substantially impacted the high concentrations. According to the analysis of the backward trajectory in winter, the air masses were mainly from eastern Kazakhstan and local emission sources, and PM10 in the airflow had a more significant impact on Turpan; the rest of the cities were more affected by PM2.5. Potential sources included Urumqi-Changj-Shihezi, Turpan, the northern Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and eastern Kazakhstan. Consequently, the emphasis on improving air quality should be on reducing local emissions, strengthening regional cooperation, and researching transboundary transport of air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Luo
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Liping Xu
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Zhongqin Li
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003 China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Fanglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Jiajia Peng
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Cui Cao
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Heng Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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22
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Zhang J, Dong C, Xu H, Chen T, Chen F, Wang D, Shi Y, Liu Y, Su J. Use of symptom diary in primary students: association of nitrogen dioxide with prevalence of symptoms. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01541-8. [PMID: 36973524 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a global public health concern, and numerous studies have attempted to identify the health effects of air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2). In China, there are few studies investigating the relationship between NO2 exposure and symptoms among children at an individual level. The aim of the study was to evaluate the acute effects of NO2 on prevalence of symptoms of primary students. An environmental and health questionnaire survey was administered to 4240 primary students in seven districts of Shanghai. Daily symptoms, as well as the daily air pollution and meteorological data from each community, were recorded during the corresponding period. A multivariable logistic regression model was utilized to analyze the relationship between the prevalence of symptoms and NO2 exposure in school-age children. A model with interaction items was adopted to estimate the interactive effects of NO2 and confounding factors on symptoms. The average NO2 level in central urban, industrial and rural areas were 62.07 ± 21.66, 54.86 ± 18.32 and 36.62 ± 21.23 μg m-3, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that the occurrence of symptoms was significantly affected by NO2 exposure in the short-term. The largest associations were observed for a 10 μg m-3 increase in 5-day moving average (lag04) NO2 concentration with prevalence of general symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.07-1.22), throat symptoms (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.13-1.35) and nasal symptoms (OR = 1.142, 95% CI: 1.02-1.27). Subgroup analysis showed that non-rural areas, boys, nearby environmental pollution source and history of present illness were all susceptible factors to the effects of NO2 exposure. Furthermore, there were interactive effects between NO2 exposure and area types on reported symptoms. NO2 can increase the risk of symptoms in primary students in the short-term, which could be significantly enhanced in central urban and industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Zhang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changning District, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Chunyang Dong
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changning District, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changning District, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Tian Chen
- Division of Public Health Service and Safety Assessment, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Feier Chen
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changning District, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changning District, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yewen Shi
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changning District, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Su
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changning District, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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23
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Ma Y, Li H, Qin P, Cheng B, Feng F, Zhang Y, Jiao H. Extreme temperatures and circulatory mortality in a temperate continental monsoon climate city in Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21661-21670. [PMID: 36272008 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have proven that extreme temperatures have a significant threat to public health. This study aimed to investigate the association between extreme temperatures and circulatory mortality from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2016, in Harbin, a city with a cold climate in Northeast China. We set a maximum lag of 27 days to evaluate the hysteresis effects of different temperatures on circulatory mortality using a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). Results indicated that daily mean temperature and circulatory mortality presented approximately an L-shaped, and the cumulative relative risks (RRs) decreased continuously as the temperature increased in both low and high temperatures. Extremely low temperature showed a hysteresis and durability on circulatory mortality, with the largest RR of 1.023 (95%CI: 1.001-1.046) at lag 26, and RR of the cumulative cold effect of 0-27 days was 1.302 (95%CI: 1.160-1.462). The effect of extremely high temperatures presented more acute and intense, with the largest RR of 1.033 (95%CI: 1.004-1.063) at lag 0. RR of the cumulative hot effect of 0-3 days was 1.056 (1.008-1.106). In addition, females were more susceptible to extremely low temperatures, while males were more vulnerable to extremely high temperatures. This study demonstrated that extremely low temperatures have a stronger effect on circulatory mortality than extremely high temperatures in Harbin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Heping Li
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pengpeng Qin
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fengliu Feng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haoran Jiao
- Liaoning Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Shenyang, 111100, China
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Yuan Y, Zhang X, Zhao J, Shen F, Nie D, Wang B, Wang L, Xing M, Hegglin MI. Characteristics, health risks, and premature mortality attributable to ambient air pollutants in four functional areas in Jining, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1075262. [PMID: 36741959 PMCID: PMC9893643 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1075262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the leading causes for global deaths and understanding pollutant emission sources is key to successful mitigation policies. Air quality data in the urban, suburban, industrial, and rural areas (UA, SA, IA, and RA) of Jining, Shandong Province in China, were collected to compare the characteristics and associated health risks. The average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO show differences of -3.87, -16.67, -19.24, -15.74, and -8.37% between 2017 and 2018. On the contrary, O3 concentrations increased by 4.50%. The four functional areas exhibited the same seasonal variations and diurnal patterns in air pollutants, with the highest exposure excess risks (ERs) resulting from O3. More frequent ER days occurred within the 25-30°C, but much larger ERs are found within the 0-5°C temperature range, attributed to higher O3 pollution in summer and more severe PM pollution in winter. The premature deaths attributable to six air pollutants can be calculated in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Investigations on the potential source show that the ER of O3 (r of 0.86) had the tightest association with the total ER. The bivariate polar plots indicated that the highest health-based air quality index (HAQI) in IA influences the HAQI in UA and SA by pollution transport, and thus can be regarded as the major pollutant emission source in Jining. The above results indicate that urgent measures should be taken to reduce O3 pollution taking into account the characteristics of the prevalent ozone formation regime, especially in IA in Jining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Jining Meteorological Bureau, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Jining Meteorological Bureau, Shandong, China
| | | | - Fuzhen Shen
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-7: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Fuzhen Shen ✉
| | - Dongyang Nie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Wang
- Jining Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyue Xing
- Business School, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Liaoning, China
| | - Michaela I. Hegglin
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-7: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Michaela I. Hegglin ✉
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25
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Investigating the association between air pollutants' concentration and meteorological parameters in a rapidly growing urban center of West Bengal, India: a statistical modeling-based approach. MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENT 2023; 9:2877-2892. [PMID: 36624780 PMCID: PMC9812750 DOI: 10.1007/s40808-022-01670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ambient air quality in a city is heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. The city of Siliguri, known as the "Gateway of Northeast India", is a major hotspot of air pollution in the Indian state of West Bengal. Yet almost no research has been done on the possible impacts of meteorological factors on criterion air pollutants in this rapidly growing urban area. From March 2018 to September 2022, the present study aimed to determine the correlations between meteorological factors, including daily mean temperature (℃), relative humidity (%), rainfall (mm), wind speed (m/s) with the concentration of criterion air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, and NH3). For this research, the trend of all air pollutants over time was also investigated. The Spearman correlation approach was used to correlate the concentration of air pollutants with the effect of meteorological variables on these pollutants. Comparing the multiple linear regression (MLR) and non-linear regression (MLNR) models permitted to examine the potential influence of meteorological factors on concentrations of air pollutants. According to the trend analysis, the concentration of NH3 in the air of Siliguri is rising, while the concentration of other pollutants is declining. Most pollutants showed a negative correlation with meteorological variables; however, the seasons impacted on how they responded. The comparative regression research results showed that although the linear and non-linear models performed well in predicting particulate matter concentrations, they performed poorly in predicting gaseous contaminants. When considering seasonal fluctuations and meteorological parameters, the results of this research will definitely help to increase the accuracy of air pollution forecasting near future.
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26
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Lu C, Liu Z, Yang W, Liao H, Liu Q, Li Q, Deng Q. Early life exposure to outdoor air pollution and indoor environmental factors on the development of childhood allergy from early symptoms to diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114538. [PMID: 36252839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood allergies has increased during past decades leading to serious hospitalization and heavy burden worldwide, yet the key factors responsible for the onset of early symptoms and development of diagnosed diseases are unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the role of early life exposure to ambient air pollution and indoor environmental factors on early allergic symptoms and doctor diagnosed allergic diseases. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 2598 preschool children was conducted at 36 kindergartens in Changsha, China from September of 2011 to February of 2012. A questionnaire was developed to survey each child's early onset of allergic symptoms (wheeze and rhinitis-like symptoms) and doctor diagnosis of allergic diseases (asthma and rhinitis) as well as home environments. Each mother's and child's exposures to ambient air pollutants (PM10, SO2, and NO2) and temperature were estimated for in utero and postnatal periods. The associations of early symptoms and diagnosed diseases with outdoor air pollution and indoor environmental variables were examined by logistic regression models. RESULTS Childhood early allergic symptoms (33.9%) including wheeze (14.7%) and rhinitis-like symptoms (25.4%) before 2 years old were not associated with outdoor air pollution exposure but was significantly associated with maternal exposure of window condensation at home in pregnancy with ORs (95% CI) of 1.33 (1.11-1.59), 1.30 (1.01-1.67) and 1.27 (1.04-1.55) respectively, and was associated with new furniture during first year after birth with OR (95% CI) of 1.43 (1.02-2.02) for early wheeze. Childhood diagnosed allergic diseases (28.4%) containing asthma (6.7%) and allergic rhinitis (AR) (7.2%) were significantly associated with both outdoor air pollutants (mainly for SO2 and NO2) during first 3 years and indoor new furniture, redecoration, and window condensation. We found that sex, age, parental atopy, maternal productive age, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), antibiotics use, economic stress, early and late introduction of complementary foods, and outdoor air pollution modified the effects of home environmental exposure in early life on early allergic symptoms and diagnosed allergic diseases. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that early life exposure to indoor environmental factors plays a key role in early onset of allergic symptoms in children, and further exposure to ambient air pollution and indoor environmental factors contribute to the later development of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Zijing Liu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Wenhui Yang
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Hongsen Liao
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Qin Liu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Qin Li
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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27
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Liu W, Cai M, Long Z, Tong X, Li Y, Wang L, Zhou M, Wei J, Lin H, Yin P. Association between ambient sulfur dioxide pollution and asthma mortality: Evidence from a nationwide analysis in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114442. [PMID: 38321661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of research on the effects of acute exposure to ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2) on mortality caused by asthma, especially nationwide research in China. To explore the acute effect of exposure to ambient SO2 on asthma mortality using nationwide dataset in China from 2015 to 2020 and further evaluate the associations in subgroups with different geographical and demographic characteristics. We used data from China's Disease Surveillance Points system with 29,553 asthma deaths in China during 2015-2020. The exposure variable was the daily mean concentrations of SO2 from the ChinaHighSO2 10 km × 10 km daily grid dataset. Bilinear interpolation was used to estimate each individual's exposure to air pollutants and meteorological variables. We used a time-stratified case crossover design at the individual level to analyze the exposure response relationship between short-term exposure to SO2 and asthma mortality. Stratified analyses were carried out by sex, age group, marital status, warm season and cold season, urbanicity and region. Significant associations between short-term exposure to ambient SO2 and increased asthma mortality were found in this nationwide study. The excess risk (ER) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 concentrations at lag07 was 7.78 % (95 % CI, 4.16-11.52 %). Season appeared to significantly modify the association. The associations were stronger in cold season (ER 9.78 %, 95 % CI:5.82 -13.89 %). The association remained consistent using different lag periods, adjusting for other pollutants, and in the analysis during pre-Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) period. Our study indicates increased risk of asthma mortality with acute exposures to SO2 in Chinese population. The current study lends support for greater awareness of the harmful effect of SO2 in China and other countries with high SO2 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Miao Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zheng Long
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xunliang Tong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
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Liu C, Cao G, Li J, Lian S, Zhao K, Zhong Y, Xu J, Chen Y, Bai J, Feng H, He G, Dong X, Yang P, Zeng F, Lin Z, Zhu S, Zhong X, Ma W, Liu T. Effect of long-term exposure to PM 2.5 on the risk of type 2 diabetes and arthritis in type 2 diabetes patients: Evidence from a national cohort in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107741. [PMID: 36628860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether type 2 diabetes and the complication of arthritis are causally related to the PM2.5 pollutant. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of long-term PM2.5 exposure with type 2 diabetes and with arthritis in type 2 diabetes patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) implemented during 2011-2018. The associations were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression models, and the population-attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated to assess the burden of type 2 diabetes and arthritis-attributable to PM2.5. RESULTS A total of 21,075 participants were finally included, with 19,121 analyzed for PM2.5 and type 2 diabetes risk and 12,427 analyzed for PM2.5 and arthritis risk, of which 1,382 with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 1,328 with arthritis during the follow-up. Overall, each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 concentration was significantly associated with an increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes (HR = 1.26, 95 %CI1.22 to 1.31), and the PAF of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2.5 was 13.54 %. In type 2 diabetes patients, each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increase in arthritis (HR = 1.42, 95 %CI: 1.28 to 1.57), and the association was significantly greater than that (H = 1.23, 95 %CI: 1.19 to 1.28) in adults without type 2 diabetes. The PAFs of arthritis-attributable to PM2.5 in participants with and without type 2 diabetes were 18.54 % and 10.69 %, respectively. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PM2.5 may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and make type 2 diabetes patients susceptible to arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ganxiang Cao
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jieying Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaoyan Lian
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yumeng Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinqi Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Zhao Q, Huang J, Yu J, Du X, Li C. Research on the Coordinated Development of Population-Resources-Environment (PRE) Systems: An Empirical Analysis from Jiangsu Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:252. [PMID: 36612574 PMCID: PMC9819614 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As the population size and urbanization increase, the relationships within the population-resource-environment (PRE) systems are becoming tenser. Determining how to achieve the harmonious development of PRE systems is currently an important issue faced by society. This paper uses Jiangsu province in China as an example of constructing a coordinated development evaluation index system for PRE systems. Using the coefficient of the variation coordination method, we examined the comprehensive evaluation scores of PRE systems in Jiangsu province from 2000 to 2020 to explore its intersystem coordinated development evolution status and analyze its constraints. The results show that: (1) the overall evaluation scores of PRE systems in Jiangsu are on the rise; (2) the overall coordinated development degree of Jiangsu has undergone obvious changes in stage and is currently in the stage of coordinated development; (3) there are obvious spatial differences in the overall coordinated development degree of Jiangsu, and the overall trend is gradually changing from "low in the south and high in the north" to "high in the south and low in the north"; and (4) the population urbanization rate, environmental management effectiveness, and regional development imbalance, restrict the coordinated development of PRE systems in Jiangsu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Department of Sociology, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jianyuan Huang
- Population Research Institute, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- Department of Sociology, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Population Research Institute, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Sociology, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
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Zhai M, Jiang Q, Liu S, Long J, Zhang D, Ren C, Gong Y, Li Y. DALY trend and predictive analysis of COPD in China and its provinces: Findings from the global burden of disease study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1046773. [PMID: 36620296 PMCID: PMC9816410 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1046773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease in the world, especially in China. Few studies have explored the trend of COPD in China and its provinces. This study aimed to demonstrate and predict the trend of COPD DALY in China and its provinces based on the global burden of disease (GBD) data. Methods The data on COPD disability-adjusted life year (DALY) were collected from GBD 2017, GBD 2019, and the National Bureau of Statistics of China. The age-standardized rate (ASR) was used to evaluate the trend of COPD DALY by gender, age, and risk factors in China and its provinces. In addition, the trend of COPD considering the aging population in the next 10 years was also predicted. Results In China, the COPD DALY was 20.4 million in 2017, which decreased to 24.16% from 1990 to 2017. Most provinces showed a downward trend, with the exception of Taiwan which increased by 127.78%. The ASR of DALY was 1445.53 per 100,000 people in 2017 and demonstrated a significant decrease. Among all provinces, only Taiwan (97.78%) and Hubei (2.21%) demonstrated an increased trend of ASR. In addition, Tibet ranked third with a decline of 56.95%, although its ASR was the highest in 1990. Smoking and air pollution were the main risk factors for COPD and varied with regions, gender, and age. The proportion of COPD DALY attributable to smoking was higher in the middle-aged and elderly male population and did not decrease in China. Moreover, the ASR attributable to air pollution of the elderly decreased significantly in China. Socio-demographic index (SDI) and educational level were also found to be related to ASR. By predicting the ASR trend in the next 10 years, we found that the ASR attributable to smoking might increase significantly among men. The ASR attributable to air pollution showed a significant decrease in women. Unfortunately, ASR attributable to second-hand smoke was found to increase in women. Conclusion Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the leading contributor to the burden of global diseases. Although China and its provinces demonstrated a downward trend of COPD DALY, some provinces still faced challenges. Moreover, ASR attributable to risk factors was different in regions, gender, age, and years. The predicted trend of COPD was also different. Therefore, more targeted strategies should be formulated to reduce the burden of COPD in China and its provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Zhai
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sushun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhai Long
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medicine University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chutong Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yi Gong ✉ ; ✉
| | - Yamin Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Yamin Li ✉
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Huang Y, Li S. Can Marketization of Environmental Governance Improve Public Health?-Empirical Analysis Based on the Emission Trading System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15518. [PMID: 36497596 PMCID: PMC9739166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To deal with the pollution issue caused by long-term economic development, China has introduced a number of environmental governance measures and made some progress. In the context of the strategy of developing a "Healthy China", the Chinese government proposed to include health in the formulation and implementation of environmental regulation policies, which places a higher demand on the implementation effect of environmental policies. This study attempts to clarify the causal link between market-based environmental governance and public health, and quantify the implementation effects of market-oriented environmental governance, so as to provide accurate assessments for addressing environmental degradation and improving public health. Based on the CHNS database and provincial panel data from 2000 to 2015, this paper constructs a binary logit-based difference-in-difference model to investigate the effects of the emission trading system (ETS) pilot policy on public health measured by the incidence of respiratory diseases, heart disease, and other diseases. The results show that ETS significantly reduces the incidence of respiratory and other diseases but has no significant impact on the incidence of heart diseases. The improvement effects of ETS on public health mainly come from the reduction of SO2 under the principle of total volume control. However, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the health-improving effects of ETS are not as expected. Although ETS can enhance the health of vulnerable populations, such as workers near pollution sources and rural residents, it has no discernible impact on the health of those far from pollution sources and urban residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Huang
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shilong Li
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Research Center for Construction Economics and Management, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Mo H, Jiang K, Wang P, Shao M, Wang X. Co-Benefits of Energy Structure Transformation and Pollution Control for Air Quality and Public Health until 2050 in Guangdong, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192214965. [PMID: 36429684 PMCID: PMC9690161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to mitigate global warming and improve air quality, the transformation of regional energy structures is the most important development pathway. China, as a major global consumer of fossil fuels, will face great pressure in this regard. Aiming toward achieving the global 2 °C warming target in China, this study takes one of the most developed regions of China, Guangdong Province, as the research area in order to explore a future development pathway and potential air quality attainment until 2050, by developing two energy structure scenarios (BAU_Energy and 2Deg_Energy) and three end-of-pipe scenarios (NFC, CLE, and MTFR), and simulating future air quality and related health impacts for the different scenarios using the WRF-Chem model. The results show that under the energy transformation scenario, total energy consumption in Guangdong rises from 296 Mtce (million tons of coal equivalent) in 2015 to 329 Mtce in 2050, with electricity and clean energy accounting for 45% and 35%. In 2050, the transformation of the energy structure leads to 64%, 75%, and 46% reductions in the emissions of CO2, NOx, and SO2 compared with those in 2015. Together with the most stringent end-of-pipe control measures, the emissions of VOCs and primary PM2.5 are effectively reduced by 66% and 78%. The annual average PM2.5 and MDA8 (daily maximum 8 h O3) concentrations in Guangdong are 33.8 and 85.9 μg/m3 in 2015, with 63.4 thousand premature deaths (95% CI: 57.1-70.8) due to environmental exposure. Under the baseline scenario, no improvement is gained in air quality or public health by 2050. In contrast, the PM2.5 and MDA8 concentrations decline to 21.7 and 75.5 μg/m3 under the scenario with energy structure transformation, and total premature deaths are reduced to 35.5 thousand (31.9-39.5). When further combined with the most stringent end-of-pipe control measures, the PM2.5 concentrations decrease to 16.5 μg/m3, but there is no significant improvement for ozone, with premature deaths declining to 20.6 thousand (18.5-23.0). This study demonstrates that the transformation of energy structure toward climate goals could be effective in mitigating air pollution in Guangdong and would bring significant health benefits. Compared with the end-of-pipe control policies, transformation of the energy structure is a more effective way to improve regional air quality in the long term, and synergistic promotion of both is crucial for regional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Mo
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kejun Jiang
- Energy Research Institute, National Development and Reform Commission, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min Shao
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Q, Meng X, Shi S, Kan L, Chen R, Kan H. Overview of particulate air pollution and human health in China: Evidence, challenges, and opportunities. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100312. [PMID: 36160941 PMCID: PMC9490194 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution in China continues to be a major public health challenge. With the release of the new WHO air quality guidelines in 2021, there is an urgent need for China to contemplate a revision of air quality standards (AQS). In the recent decade, there has been an increase in epidemiological studies on PM in China. A comprehensive evaluation of such epidemiological evidence among the Chinese population is central for revision of the AQS in China and in other developing countries with similar air pollution problems. We thus conducted a systematic review on the epidemiological literature of PM published in the recent decade. In summary, we identified the following: (1) short-term and long-term PM exposure increase mortality and morbidity risk without a discernible threshold, suggesting the necessity for continuous improvement in air quality; (2) the magnitude of long-term associations with mortality observed in China are comparable with those in developed countries, whereas the magnitude of short-term associations are appreciably smaller; (3) governmental clean air policies and personalized mitigation measures are potentially effective in protecting public and individual health, but need to be validated using mortality or morbidity outcomes; (4) particles of smaller size range and those originating from fossil fuel combustion appear to show larger relative health risks; and (5) molecular epidemiological studies provide evidence for the biological plausibility and mechanisms underlying the hazardous effects of PM. This updated review may serve as an epidemiological basis for China’s AQS revision and proposes several perspectives in designing future health studies. Acute effects of PM are smaller in China compared with developed countries Health effects caused by PM depend on particle composition, source, and size There are no thresholds for the health effects of PM Mechanistic studies support the biological plausibility of PM’s health effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Zhang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Su Shi
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lena Kan
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21205, USA
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai 201102, China
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Wu C, Zhang Y, Wei J, Zhao Z, Norbäck D, Zhang X, Lu C, Yu W, Wang T, Zheng X, Zhang L. Associations of Early-Life Exposure to Submicron Particulate Matter With Childhood Asthma and Wheeze in China. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2236003. [PMID: 36219442 PMCID: PMC9554703 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with childhood asthma and wheeze. However, the specific associations between asthma and PM with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 1 μm or less (ie, PM1), which is a contributor to PM2.5 and potentially more toxic than PM2.5, remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of early-life (prenatal and first year) exposure to size-segregated PM, including PM1, PM1-2.5, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10, with childhood asthma and wheeze. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire administered between June 2019 and June 2020 to caregivers of children aged 3 to 6 years in 7 Chinese cities (Wuhan, Changsha, Taiyuan, Nanjing, Shanghai, Chongqing, and Urumqi) as the second phase of the China, Children, Homes, Health study. EXPOSURES Exposure to PM1, PM1-2.5, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10 during the prenatal period and first year of life. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcomes were caregiver-reported childhood asthma and wheeze. A machine learning-based space-time model was applied to estimate early-life PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 exposure at 1 × 1-km resolution. Concentrations of PM1-2.5 and PM2.5-10 were calculated by subtracting PM1 from PM2.5 and PM2.5 from PM10, respectively. Multilevel (city and child) logistic regression models were applied to assess associations. RESULTS Of 29 418 children whose caregivers completed the survey (15 320 boys [52.1%]; mean [SD] age, 4.9 [0.9] years), 2524 (8.6%) ever had wheeze and 1161 (3.9%) were diagnosed with asthma. Among all children, 18 514 (62.9%) were breastfed for more than 6 months and 787 (2.7%) had parental history of atopy. A total of 22 250 children (75.6%) had a mother with an educational level of university or above. Of the 25 422 children for whom information about cigarette smoking exposure was collected, 576 (2.3%) had a mother who was a current or former smoker during pregnancy and 7525 (29.7%) had passive household cigarette smoke exposure in early life. Early-life PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 exposure were significantly associated with increased risk of childhood asthma, with higher estimates per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM1 (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.27-1.89) than in PM2.5 (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.26) and PM10 (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.20). No association was observed between asthma and PM1-2.5 exposure, suggesting that PM1 rather than PM1-2.5 contributed to the association between PM2.5 and childhood asthma. There were significant associations between childhood wheeze and early-life PM1 exposure (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07-1.41) and PM2.5 exposure (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.16) per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM1 and PM2.5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional study, higher estimates were observed for the association between PM with smaller particles, such as PM1, vs PM with larger particles and childhood asthma. The results suggest that the association between PM2.5 and childhood asthma was mainly attributable to PM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansha Wu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa Technology Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xin Zhang
- Research Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chan Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ma Y, Hu Z, Lu N, Niu Y, Deng X, Li J, Zhu Z, Sun H, Liang W, Li A. Highly efficient solar photothermal conversion of graphene-coated conjugated microporous polymers hollow spheres. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 623:856-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang Y, Tian Q, Feng X, Hu W, Ma P, Xin J, Wang S, Zheng C. Modification effects of ambient temperature on ozone-mortality relationships in Chengdu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73011-73019. [PMID: 35618998 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that both ambient temperatures and air pollution are closely related to health outcomes. However, whether temperature has modification effects on the association between ozone and health outcomes is still debated. In this study, three parallel time-series Poisson generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to examine the effects of modifying ambient temperatures on the association between ozone and mortality (including non-accidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality) in Chengdu, China, from 2014 to 2016. The results confirmed that the ambient high temperatures strongly amplified the adverse effects of ozone on human mortality; specifically, the ozone effects were most pronounced at > 28 °C. Without temperature stratification conditions, a 10-μg/m3 increase in the maximum 8-h average ozone (O3-8hmax) level at lag01 was associated with increases of 0.40% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15%, 0.65%), 0.61% (95% CI 0.27%, 0.95%), and 0.69% (95% CI 0.34%, 1.04%) in non-accidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. On days during which the temperature exceeded 28 °C, a 10-μg/m3 increase in O3-8hmax led to increases of 2.22% (95% CI 1.21%, 3.23%), 2.67% (95% CI 0.57%, 4.76%), and 4.13% (95% CI 2.34%, 5.92%) in non-accidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Our findings validated that high temperature could further aggravate the health risks of O3-8hmax; thus, mitigating ozone exposure will be brought into the limelight especially under the context of changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, ChengduChengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qiqi Tian
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, ChengduChengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyuan Feng
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, ChengduChengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Wendong Hu
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, ChengduChengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Ma
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, ChengduChengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shigong Wang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, ChengduChengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Canjun Zheng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
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Liu C, Chan KH, Lv J, Lam H, Newell K, Meng X, Liu Y, Chen R, Kartsonaki C, Wright N, Du H, Yang L, Chen Y, Guo Y, Pei P, Yu C, Shen H, Wu T, Kan H, Chen Z, Li L. Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Incidence of Major Cardiovascular Diseases: A Prospective Study of 0.5 Million Adults in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13200-13211. [PMID: 36044001 PMCID: PMC9494741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Few cohort studies explored the long-term effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially in countries with higher levels of air pollution. We aimed to evaluate the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and incidence of CVD in China. We performed a prospective cohort study in ten regions that recruited 512,689 adults during 2004-2008, with follow-up until 2017. Annual PM2.5 concentrations were estimated using a satellite-based model with national coverage and 1 x 1 km spatial resolution. Time-varying Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific CVDs associated with PM2.5, adjusting for conventional covariates. During 5.08 million person-years of follow-up, 148,030 incident cases of CVD were identified. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 showed positive and linear association with incidence of CVD, without a threshold below any concentration. The adjusted HRs per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was 1.04 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.07) for total CVD. The risk estimates differed between certain population subgroups, with greater HRs in men, in household with higher income, and in people using unclean heating fuels. This prospective study of large Chinese population provided essential epidemiological evidence for CVD incident risk associated with PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- School
of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry
of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE
on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes
Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ka Hung Chan
- Clinical
Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department
of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Oxford
British Heart Foundation Center of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Jun Lv
- Department
of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking
University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness &
Response, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory
of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry
of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hubert Lam
- Clinical
Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department
of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Katherine Newell
- Clinical
Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department
of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Xia Meng
- School
of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry
of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE
on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes
Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Renjie Chen
- School
of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry
of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE
on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes
Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical
Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department
of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Neil Wright
- Clinical
Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department
of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical
Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department
of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical
Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department
of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical
Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department
of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Yu Guo
- Fuwai
Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Fuwai
Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department
of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking
University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness &
Response, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department
of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- School
of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School
of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry
of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE
on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes
Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical
Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department
of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- MRC
Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population
Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Liming Li
- Department
of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking
University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness &
Response, Beijing 100191, China
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Sun Q, Cao B, Jiang Y, Zhuang J, Zhang C, Jiang B. Association between ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5/PM 10) and first incident ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Suzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62690-62697. [PMID: 35404033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interests in evaluation of the effect of air pollution and weather conditions on cardiovascular disease have increased. However, the relationship between short-term particulate matter (PM) exposure and first incident ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unclear. Medical records were collected from December 2013 to December 2016. A total of 1354 patients with first incident STEMI were included. The daily average of air pollution and weather conditions were calculated. In this case-crossover study, conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the association between daily concentrations of PM and first incident STEMI. The daily average of PM2.5 and PM10 were 58.9 μg/m3 and 80.2 μg/m3, respectively. In this case-crossover study, single-pollutant models showed that each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a percent change of 3.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.01-5.77), or in PM10 percent change of 2.1%, 95%CI: (0.2-4.04) for patients with first incident STEMI. The association remained stable after adjusting for ozone (O3). The results from subgroup analysis showed the association slightly enhanced in women, elder patients, patients with history of diabetes, patients without history of smoking, and cold seasons. The p values were not significant between these strata, which may be due to small sample size. This investigation showed that short-term PM exposure associated with first incident STEMI in Suzhou. Given the effect of PM on the first incident STEMI, strategies to decrease PM should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bangming Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Zhuang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lu C, Zhang Y, Li B, Zhao Z, Huang C, Zhang X, Qian H, Wang J, Liu W, Sun Y, Norbäck D, Deng Q. Interaction effect of prenatal and postnatal exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature on childhood asthma. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107456. [PMID: 35952466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mounting evidence has associated air pollution and environmental temperature with children's health problems, it is unclear whether there is an interaction between these factors on childhood asthma. OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of temperature-pollution interactions during pre- and post-natal periods on asthma among pre-schoolers. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 39,782 pre-schoolers was performed during 2010-2012, in seven cities in China. Exposure to three temperature indicators (TI) and three critical ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as proxies of industrial and vehicular air pollution, was estimated by an inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. Two-level logistical regression analysis was used to examine the association between both pre- and post-natal exposure and childhood asthma in terms of odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Asthma prevalence in pre-schoolers at age of 3-6 years (6.9 %) was significantly associated with traffic-related air pollutant (NO2) exposure, with ORs (95 % CI) of 1.17 (1.06, 1.28), 1.19 (1.05-1.34) and 1.16 (1.03-1.31) for an IQR increase in NO2 exposure during lifetime, pregnancy, and entire postnatal period respectively. Furthermore, childhood asthma was positively associated with exposure to increased temperature during lifetime, pregnancy, and entire postnatal period with ORs (95 % CI) = 1.89 (1.66, 2.16), 1.47 (1.34, 1.61), and 1.15 (1.11, 1.18) respectively, while was negatively associated with decreased temperatures. Childhood asthma was positively related with exposure to extreme heat days (EHD) during postnatal period particularly in first year of life respectively with ORs (95 % CI) = 1.23 (1.04, 1.46) and 1.26 (1.07, 1.47), but was not related with extreme cold days (ECD) exposure. A combination of high air pollutant levels and high temperatures significantly increased the risk of asthma during both pre- and post-natal periods. Strikingly, we found a significantly positive interaction of temperature and PM10 or SO2 on asthma risk among boys and younger children. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal and postnatal exposure to ambient air pollution and high temperatures are independently and jointly associated with asthma risk in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Xu S, Li W, Zhu Y, Xu A. A novel hybrid model for six main pollutant concentrations forecasting based on improved LSTM neural networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14434. [PMID: 36002466 PMCID: PMC9402967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, air pollution has become a factor that cannot be ignored, affecting human lives and health. The distribution of high-density populations and high-intensity development and construction have accentuated the problem of air pollution in China. To accelerate air pollution control and effectively improve environmental air quality, the target of our research was cities with serious air pollution problems to establish a model for air pollution prediction. We used the daily monitoring data of air pollution from January 2016 to December 2020 for the respective cities. We used the long short term memory networks (LSTM) algorithm model to solve the problem of gradient explosion in recurrent neural networks, then used the particle swarm optimization algorithm to determine the parameters of the CNN-LSTM model, and finally introduced the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition of adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) decomposition to decompose air pollution and improve the accuracy of model prediction. The experimental results show that compared with a single LSTM model, the CEEMDAN-CNN-LSTM model has higher accuracy and lower prediction errors. The CEEMDAN-CNN-LSTM model enables a more precise prediction of air pollution, and may thus be useful for sustainable management and the control of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyi Xu
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, No.18 Xuezheng Street, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, No.18 Xuezheng Street, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, No.18 Xuezheng Street, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Statistical Data Engineering, Technology & Application, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiting Xu
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, No.18 Xuezheng Street, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Statistical Data Engineering, Technology & Application, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Dou Z, Li LS, Lu L. A Public Health-Oriented New Energy Industry Competitiveness Evaluation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:4573629. [PMID: 36034619 PMCID: PMC9410814 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4573629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper develops a regional new energy industry (NEI) competitiveness evaluation index system based on the theoretical framework of the "diamond model" and the unique characteristics of the new energy industry and made an empirical analysis of Jilin province with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The analysis results show that the new energy industry in Jilin Province has a good foundation, and the government's role, talent support, technological innovation, and market factors are acceptable. However, due to location factors and resource endowments, regional GDP and per capita consumption expenditure are low. The lack of intrinsic motivation of industrial competitive advantage has resulted in the poor overall competitiveness of the new energy industry in Jilin Province. Then, it is advised to take targeted measures to work closely with national NEI development strategy, optimize the industrial technology innovation ability and the talent support, actively guide social capital flows and new energy consumption, optimize regional energy consumption structure and industrial structure by creating a complete NEI chain, and revitalize the whole economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Dou
- School of Management, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Li Shi Li
- Shenzhen Xhorse Electronics Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lu Lu
- School of Management, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
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Parenteau AM, Alen NV, La J, Luck AT, Teichrow DJ, Daang EM, Nissen AT, Deer LK, Hostinar CE. Associations of air pollution with peripheral inflammation and cardiac autonomic physiology in children. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:125-154. [PMID: 35921508 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Climate change-related disasters have drawn increased attention to the impact of air pollution on health. 122 children ages 9-11 years old, M(SD) = 9.91(.56), participated. Levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) near participants' homes were obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency. Cytokines were assayed from 100 child serum samples: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα. Autonomic physiology was indexed by pre-ejection period (PEP), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR), and cardiac autonomic balance (CAB). IL-6 was positively related to daily PM2.5 (r = .26, p = .009). IL-8 was negatively associated with monthly PM2.5 (r = -.23, p = .02). PEP was positively related to daily (r = .29, p = .001) and monthly PM2.5 (r = .18, p = .044). CAR was negatively associated with daily PM2.5 (r = -.29, p = .001). IL-10, TNFα, RSA, and CAB were not associated with PM2.5. Air pollution may increase risk of inflammation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer La
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Enya M Daang
- University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Adam T Nissen
- University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Climate Risk Mitigation and Adaptation Concerns in Urban Areas: A Systematic Review of the Impact of IPCC Assessment Reports. CLIMATE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cli10080115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Urban areas continue to be the center of action for many countries due to their contribution to economic development. Many urban areas, through the urbanization process, have become vulnerable to climate risk, thereby making risk mitigation and adaptation essential components in urban planning. The study assessed the impacts of IPCC Assessment Reports (ARs) on academic research on risk mitigation and adaptation concerns in urban areas. The study systematically reviewed literature through searches of the Web of Science and Scopus databases; 852 papers were retrieved and 370 were deemed eligible. The results showed that the East Asia and Pacific, and Europe and Central Asia regions were most interested in IPCC ARs, while Sub-Saharan Africa showed little interest. Several urban concerns, including socio-economic, air quality, extreme temperature, sea level rise/flooding, health, and water supply/drought, were identified. Additionally, studies on negative health outcomes due to extreme temperatures and air pollution did not appear in the first four IPCC ARs. However, significant studies appeared after the launch of the AR5. Here, we must state that climate-related problems of urbanization were known and discussed in scientific papers well before the formation of the IPCC. For instance, the works of Clarke on urban structure and heat mortality and Oke on climatic impacts of urbanization. Though the IPCC ARs show impact, their emphasis on combined mitigation and adaptation policies is limited. This study advocates more combined risk mitigation and adaptation policies in urban areas for increased resilience to climate risk.
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How Does Government Efficiency Affect Health Outcomes? The Empirical Evidence from 156 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159436. [PMID: 35954795 PMCID: PMC9368218 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper uses the unbalanced panel data of 156 countries during the period of 2002 to 2018 to explore the possible impact of government efficiency on health outcomes. Firstly, we used the fixed-effect model to examine the relationship between government efficiency and health outcomes and found that the increase in government efficiency can significantly improve health outcomes. Then, a series of robustness checks were carried out, which confirmed the reliability of the above result. Thirdly, this paper conducted a heterogeneity analysis from the perspective of life cycle. Fourthly, this paper investigated the mechanisms of the impact of government efficiency on health outcomes from the perspectives of economic growth, health innovation, education and corruption control. Finally, this paper studied the moderating effects of the ruling party’s ideology and democracy on the relationship between government efficiency and health outcomes. The findings of this study provide some references for governments to improve health outcomes.
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Deon B, Cotta K, Silva R, Batista C, Justino G, Freitas G, Cordeiro A, Barbosa A, Loução F, Simioni T, Morais A, Medeiros I, Almeida R, Araújo C, Soares C, Padoin N. Digital twin and machine learning for decision support in thermal power plant with combustion engines. Knowl Based Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2022.109578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Sîrbu CA, Stefan I, Dumitru R, Mitrica M, Manole AM, Vasile TM, Stefani C, Ranetti AE. Air Pollution and Its Devastating Effects on the Central Nervous System. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1170. [PMID: 35885697 PMCID: PMC9324939 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a real public health problem, it being one of the five most common causes of mortality in developing countries. However, pollution studies have focused on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in recent decades. Recently, researchers have moved towards a new direction, tracing a direct link between pollution and stroke. Stroke has many known risk factors such as smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, and hypertension. Pollution is universally widespread, already a matter of public interest, so that, although intuitive, it is difficult to connect the two. The particles found in the air that we breathe, regardless of their origin, can attack the body in different ways, causing inflammation, and triggering a true cascade of phenomena that end up attacking the central nervous system and other organs. This article tries to explain the series of phenomena that determine the harmful effect of particles present in the air, with an increased focus on the central nervous system and especially on strokes. A deeper understanding of these phenomena helps in guiding future studies and finding viable solutions to protect people at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Adella Sîrbu
- Department of Neurology, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Ion Stefan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Medico-Surgical and Prophylactic Disciplines, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Dumitru
- Department of Neurology, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Marian Mitrica
- Clinical Neurosciences Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Aida Mihaela Manole
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Ambulatory, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Titus Mihai Vasile
- Clinical Neurosciences Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department No. 5, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurelian Emil Ranetti
- Department No. 2, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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Lin L, Li T, Sun M, Liang Q, Ma Y, Wang F, Duan J, Sun Z. Global association between atmospheric particulate matter and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112785. [PMID: 35077718 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among various air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is the most harmful and representative pollutant. Although several studies have shown a link between particulate pollution and obesity, the conclusions are still inconsistent. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to pool the effect of PM exposure on obesity. Five databases (including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched for relevant studies up to Jan 2022. Adjusted risk ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were retrieved from individual studies and pooled with random effect models by STATA software. Besides, we tested the stability of results by Egger's test, Begg's test, funnel plot, and using the trim-and-fill method to modify the possible asymmetric funnel graph. The NTP-OHAT guidelines were followed to assess the risk of bias. Then the GRADE was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. RESULTS 26 studies were included in this meta-analysis. 19 studies have shown that PM2.5 can increase the risk of obesity per 10 μg/m3 increment (RR: 1.159, 95% CI: 1.111-1.209), while 15 studies have indicated that PM10 increase the risk of obesity per 10 μg/m3 increment (RR: 1.092, 95% CI: 1.070-1.116). Besides, 5 other articles with maternal exposure showed that PM2.5 increases the risk of obesity in children (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11). And we explored the source of heterogeneity by subgroup analysis, which suggested associations between PM and obesity tended to vary by region, age group, participants number, etc. The analysis results showed publication bias and other biases are well controlled, but most certainties of the evidence were low, and more research is required to reduce these uncertainties. CONCLUSION Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 with per 10 μg/m3 increment could increase the risk of obesity in the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisen Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Qingqing Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yuexiao Ma
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Fenghong Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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Lee MB, Chen D, Zou F. Winter Bird Diversity and Abundance in Small Farmlands in a Megacity of Southern China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.859199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban expansion often accompanies a loss of natural habitats and arable lands but an increase in urban population. In China, vegetable-dominant small farmlands are common in urban/peri-urban areas. Some farmlands are also associated with government policy that aims to enhance local farmers’ livelihoods as well as increase food availability for city citizens. While small urban farmlands create open greenery cover that may provide birds with resources such as food and shelter, little attention has been given to understanding bird diversity in urban farmlands. Using two hierarchical models (multi-species occupancy model and N-mixture model), we examined how species richness and abundance of birds were associated with environmental characteristics within and surrounding urban farmlands in Guangzhou, one of the largest cities in China. We conducted crop and bird surveys at urban farmlands during two winter seasons between December 2019 and January 2021. Species richness increased with non-woody (herbaceous) vegetation cover within a farmland. Abundance of three species was also positively associated with the local non-woody vegetation variable. Two species were more abundant at farmlands with higher crop diversity. Compositional features of matrix surrounding a farmland (a 500-m circular area) did not affect species richness. However, species richness and abundance of one species tended to decrease with increasing farmland fragmentation (patch density of farmlands) within a 1-km circular area. These findings suggest that (1) birds could be more influenced by environmental features within farmlands than matrix features surrounding farmlands, (2) local uncultivated herbaceous vegetation is an important environmental feature, and (3) diverse crops in farmlands may benefit some birds. They also indicate that the landscape pattern of farmlands, such as degree of fragmentation, could affect bird diversity in urban farmlands.
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49
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Changes in Long-Term PM2.5 Pollution in the Urban and Suburban Areas of China’s Three Largest Urban Agglomerations from 2000 to 2020. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM2.5) is a significant public health concern in China, and the Chinese government has implemented a series of laws, policies, regulations, and standards to improve air quality. This study documents the changes in PM2.5 and evaluates the effects of industrial transformation and clean air policies on PM2.5 levels in urban and suburban areas of China’s three largest urban agglomerations, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) based on a new degree of urbanization classification method. We used high-resolution PM2.5 concentration and population datasets to quantify the differences in PM2.5 concentrations in urban and suburban areas of these three urban agglomerations. From 2000 to 2020, the urban areas have expanded while the suburban areas have shrunk. PM2.5 concentrations in urban areas were approximately 32, 10, and 7 μg/m3 higher than those in suburban areas from 2000 to 2020 in BTH, YRD, and PRD, respectively. Since 2013, the PM2.5 concentrations in the urban regions of BTH, YRD, and PRD have declined at average annual rates of 7.30, 5.50, and 5.03 μg/m3/year, respectively, while PM2.5 concentrations in suburban areas have declined at average annual rates of 3.11, 4.23 and 4.69 μg/m3/year, respectively. By 2018, all of the urban and suburban areas of BTH, YRD, and PRD satisfied their specific targets in the Air Pollution and Control Action Plan. By 2020, the PM2.5 declines of BTH, YRD, and PRD exceeded the targets by two, three, and four times, respectively. However, the PM2.5 exposure risks in urban areas are 10–20 times higher than those in suburban areas. China will need to implement more robust air pollution mitigation policies to achieve the World Health Organization’s Air Quality Guideline (WHO-AQG) and reduce long-term PM2.5 exposure health risks.
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Liang R, Chen R, Yin P, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Burnett R, Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Liu C, Wang W, Lei J, Wang L, Wang L, Zhang M, Kan H, Zhou M. Associations of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and its constituents with cardiovascular mortality: A prospective cohort study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107156. [PMID: 35248978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated long-term cardiovascular effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents in countries with high air pollution levels. We aimed to investigate the associations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and constituents with cardiovascular mortality in China. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 90,672 adults ≥ 18 years from 2010 to 2017 in 161 districts/counties across China. The residential annual-average exposure to PM2.5 and 6 main components from 2011 to 2017 were estimated by satellite-based and chemical transport models. Associations of PM2.5 and constituents with cardiovascular mortality were analyzed by competing-risk Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS The average PM2.5 exposure throughout the whole period was 46 ± 22 μg/m3. The hazard ratios of mortality (95% confidence intervals) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations were 1.02 (1.00, 1.05) for overall cardiovascular disease, 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) for ischemic heart disease, 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) for overall stroke, 0.99 (0.94, 1.04) for hemorrhagic stroke, and 1.11 (1.04, 1.19) for ischemic stroke. PM2.5 constituents from fossil fuel combustion (i.e., black carbon, organic matter, nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate) showed larger hazard ratios than PM2.5 total mass, while soil dust showed no risks. CONCLUSIONS This nationwide cohort study demonstrated associations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with increased risks of cardiovascular mortality in the general population of China. Our study highlighted the importance of PM2.5 constituents from fossil fuel combustion in the long-term cardiovascular effects of PM2.5 in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Liang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard Burnett
- Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Aaron J Cohen
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA 02110-1817, USA
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Lei
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
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