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Isinkaralar K, Isinkaralar O, Koc I, Cobanoglu H, Canturk U. Accumulation analysis and overall measurement to represent airborne toxic metals with passive tree bark biomonitoring technique in urban areas. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:689. [PMID: 38958781 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Authorities have long proved the utility of bioindicators in monitoring the state of environmental pollution. Some biological indicators can measure environmental pollutant levels, and many tree species have been tested for suitability for monitoring purposes. The differences in morphological characteristics in the trees have demonstrated the effects of human activities on different materials. Measuring bark and wood biomass from contaminated sites was identified and directly compared with those from a clean site or areas characterized by distinct contamination sources. However, preliminary results demonstrate the approach's potential in the realization of strategies for disease control and promoting health to reduce environmental and health inequalities in at-risk urban areas. Picea orientalis L. and Cedrus atlantica Endl., especially their bark, can be regarded as a more robust storage of Cu (37.95 mg/kg) and Mn (188.25 mg/kg) than Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii, which and is therefore a better bioindicator for Cu and Mn pollution. Considering the total concentrations as a result of the study, the pollution is thought to be caused by environmental problems and traffic in the region. The deposition of Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn elements was found P. menziesii (60, 443, 58, and 258 mg/kg) and P. orientalis (76, 1684, 41, and 378 mg/kg) and seems to reflect atmospheric quite clearly compared to P. pinaster, C. arizonica, and C. atlantica. Ni and Zn concentrations have significantly increased since 1983, and P. menziesii and P. orientalis can be potentially valuable bioindicators for emphasizing polluted fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Isinkaralar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye.
| | - Oznur Isinkaralar
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Koc
- Department of Forest Engineering, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Türkiye
| | | | - Ugur Canturk
- Institute of Science, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Türkiye
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2
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Scarfone A, Cammerata A, Romano E, Vinciguerra V, Marabottini R, Gallucci F, Paris E, Carnevale M, Vincenti B, Palma A, Bergonzoli S. Effects of ground transport on the presence of heavy metals in selected honeybee products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:43037-43048. [PMID: 38888827 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Honeybees are insects very sensitive to environmental pollution and at the same time very good indicators of the pollution levels for certain types of pollutants. The morphology and ethology of these insects make them perfect vectors for dust and substances, including heavy metals produced by anthropic activities or naturally generated and deposited on foraged flora. When bees are raised to produce foods such as honey and pollen, they can easily transfer pollutants collected from contaminated flower affecting the quality of these products. However, depending on geographical location of the apiaries and their distance from pollution sources, the risk to contaminate bee products can be higher or lower requiring deep investigations. In this study, two apiaries were built near ground transport infrastructures and used as monitoring stations for investigating heavy metal presence in beehive products such as bee wax, pollen, and honey. Another apiary was placed between these two locations at a distance of 500 m from each one and used as central node to asses possible diffusion trends. Parallel, air quality was monitored in the proximity of each apiary to verify the air pollution of the environments close to these sites. The results of the study suggest that the presence of the highway and the train station affected the levels of heavy metal presence in the apiary products. Air quality near apiaries was also negatively affected by ground transport, especially in proximity of the highway. Wax resulted significantly more polluted in the apiary close to train station with elements such as Al, Zn, and Ni, while honey and pollen were significantly more polluted in the proximity of the highway with elements such as Al, Fe, Cu, and Zn. Honey was the product suffering less the contamination by heavy metals while pollen was the worse. In conclusion, the presence of transportation nodes determined a higher accumulation of heavy metals in beehive products respect the apiary placed in between, suggesting to pay particular attention in the site selection for the placement of apiaries to protect both bees and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scarfone
- Centro Di Ricerca Ingegneria E Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'Analisi Dell'Economia Agraria, Via Della Pascolare 16, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Cammerata
- Centro Di Ricerca Ingegneria E Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'Analisi Dell'Economia Agraria, Via Della Pascolare 16, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Elio Romano
- Centro Di Ricerca Ingegneria E Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'Analisi Dell'Economia Agraria, Via Della Pascolare 16, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Vinciguerra
- Dipartimento Per La Innovazione Nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari E Forestali (DIBAF), Università Degli Studi Della Tuscia Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Rosita Marabottini
- Dipartimento Per La Innovazione Nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari E Forestali (DIBAF), Università Degli Studi Della Tuscia Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesco Gallucci
- Centro Di Ricerca Ingegneria E Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'Analisi Dell'Economia Agraria, Via Della Pascolare 16, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Paris
- Centro Di Ricerca Ingegneria E Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'Analisi Dell'Economia Agraria, Via Della Pascolare 16, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Carnevale
- Centro Di Ricerca Ingegneria E Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'Analisi Dell'Economia Agraria, Via Della Pascolare 16, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vincenti
- Centro Di Ricerca Ingegneria E Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'Analisi Dell'Economia Agraria, Via Della Pascolare 16, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Palma
- Centro Di Ricerca Ingegneria E Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'Analisi Dell'Economia Agraria, Via Della Pascolare 16, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Bergonzoli
- Centro Di Ricerca Ingegneria E Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'Analisi Dell'Economia Agraria, Via Della Pascolare 16, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
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3
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Shotyk W, Cuss CW, Grant-Weaver I, Haas-Neill S, Hood GA, MacDonald E, Noernberg T, Than K. Comparison of trace elements in tissue of beaver (Castor canadensis) and local vegetation from a rural region of southern Ontario, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117462. [PMID: 37939800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Beavers have been analyzed in several studies examining trace elements (TEs) in wildlife; however, most of these studies were undertaken in areas with known environmental pollutants. To understand and quantify natural enrichments of TEs in beaver tissue, samples of kidney, liver, muscle from 28 animals were compared with bark from 40 species of trees and shrubs, from the same, uncontaminated watershed. Pearson correlation and factor analysis show that conservative, lithophile elements such as Al, Ga, Th, and Y, all surrogates for mineral dust particles, explain 61% of the variation in the bark data. In contrast, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Tl in bark are independent of Al, and therefore most likely occur in non-mineral forms. Comparing tissue concentrations of beaver and bark, the organs are enriched in micronutrients such as Cu, Fe, Mo, Se, and Zn, but also non-essential, benign elements such as Cs and Rb, and potentially toxic elements such as Cd and Tl. Thus, the elements most enriched in beaver organs are those that apparently occur in biological form in the plant tissue. The elements enriched in these animals, relative to bark, appear to offer the most promise for monitoring environmental contamination by TEs using beavers. The majority of TEs of environmental relevance are most abundant in beaver kidney. However, monitoring studies must consider the variation in TE concentrations in beaver tissue, including those due to sex and age. Also, due consideration must be given to background concentrations of TEs in the vegetation composing the diet of the animals. The natural enrichment in the case of elements such as Cd, in beaver tissue relative to bark, is profound. These data establish critical baseline values for TEs in beavers in an unpolluted environment, thereby allowing for their use as model organisms in tracking how heavy metal pollutants may affect wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Shotyk
- Bocock Chair for Agriculture and the Environment, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 348B South Academic Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada.
| | - Chad W Cuss
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | - Glynnis A Hood
- University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, Camrose, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Emmily MacDonald
- University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, Camrose, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Tommy Noernberg
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | - Kimberly Than
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Canada.
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Van Mensel A, Wuyts K, Pinho P, Muyshondt B, Aleixo C, Orti MA, Casanelles-Abella J, Chiron F, Hallikma T, Laanisto L, Moretti M, Niinemets Ü, Tryjanowski P, Samson R. The magnetic signal from trunk bark of urban trees catches the variation in particulate matter exposure within and across six European cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:50883-50895. [PMID: 36807862 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomagnetic monitoring increasingly is applied to assess particulate matter (PM) concentrations, mainly using plant leaves sampled in small geographical area and from a limited number of species. Here, the potential of magnetic analysis of urban tree trunk bark to discriminate between PM exposure levels was evaluated and bark magnetic variation was investigated at different spatial scales. Trunk bark was sampled from 684 urban trees of 39 genera in 173 urban green areas across six European cities. Samples were analysed magnetically for the Saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM). The bark SIRM reflected well the PM exposure level at city and local scale, as the bark SIRM (i) differed between the cities in accordance with the mean atmospheric PM concentrations and (ii) increased with the cover of roads and industrial area around the trees. Furthermore, with increasing tree circumferences, the SIRM values increased, as a reflection of a tree age effect related to PM accumulation over time. Moreover, bark SIRM was higher at the side of the trunk facing the prevailing wind direction. Significant relationships between SIRM of different genera validate the possibility to combine bark SIRM from different genera to improve sampling resolution and coverage in biomagnetic studies. Thus, the SIRM signal of trunk bark from urban trees is a reliable proxy for atmospheric coarse to fine PM exposure in areas dominated by one PM source, as long as variation caused by genus, circumference and trunk side is taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anskje Van Mensel
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Karen Wuyts
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pedro Pinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Babette Muyshondt
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cristiana Aleixo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Alos Orti
- Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Joan Casanelles-Abella
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Chiron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Tiit Hallikma
- Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marco Moretti
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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5
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Caldana CRG, Hanai-Yoshida VM, Paulino TH, Baldo DA, Freitas NP, Aranha N, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM, Oliveira Junior JM. Evaluation of urban tree barks as bioindicators of environmental pollution using the X-ray fluorescence technique. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137257. [PMID: 36423726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Some chemical elements released in nature due to anthropogenic actions are harmful to living beings, and finding efficient and low-cost ways to measure their presence is a challenge. The major goal of this work was to use the barks of urban trees as bioindicators of the presence of these elements. For this purpose, tree barks of sixteen individual trees were collected, including Ipê (Bignoniaceae Family); Sibipiruna (Fabaceae Family); Pine (Pinaceae Family), in the city of Sorocaba, SP, Brazil, in three different districts. Two samples, one of Ipê and another of Sibipiruna, collected in the Mata Atlântica forest in Juquitiba, SP, Brazil, were used as control samples. They were also analyzed; six soil samples were collected in the same places as the tree barks in Sorocaba. The samples were analyzed using the Energy Dispersion X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy technique. The elements studied ranged from Al to Bi. The results were submitted to univariate and multivariate statistical analysis showing that Sibipiruna presented a high concentration of the element Ca. At the same time, Ipê and Pine showed high concentrations of K. In the identified elements, the probable sources of contamination were pointed out, such as elements from the dust of braking automobiles (Al, Si, S, Ti, Fe, Cu, and Ba), elements from the paint used to paint the asphalt (Si, Ca, Cr and Pb) and elements from the tire tread wear (Al, S, Ca and Zn). From the analysis of soil samples and trees, it was found that there was high pollution by the element Pb in the specimens collected in front of the old Saturnia battery factory, located in the district of Éden in the city of Sorocaba, SP, Brazil (Coordinates: Lat 23K253141 m E; Long 23K7405583 m S).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane R G Caldana
- LAFINAU- Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics of the University of Sorocaba, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Valquiria M Hanai-Yoshida
- LAMINFE - Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Process, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Thais H Paulino
- LAFINAU- Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics of the University of Sorocaba, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Denicezar A Baldo
- LAFINAU- Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics of the University of Sorocaba, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Nobel P Freitas
- NEAS - Center for Environmental Studies, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto Aranha
- LabMat - Laboratory of Materials, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Marta M D C Vila
- PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Victor M Balcão
- PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil; Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José M Oliveira Junior
- LAFINAU- Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics of the University of Sorocaba, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil.
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Mapping Landscape Values and Conflicts through the Optics of Different User Groups. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10121306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of the study on participative mapping of landscape values and conflicts and a subsequent interpretation of the indicated localities from respondents’ point of view. The study focused on younger groups of landscape users—lower-secondary-school students (aged 11–15) and university students (aged 20–25)—in comparison with experts’ points of view. The research presumed that the perception of landscape values and issues are determined by age, level of education and by experience in the field. The study was conducted in the southeastern area of the Czech Republic (49° N, 16° E) via online data collection. Based on the obtained records, we conclude that, in terms of the typology of the valuable and problematic locations, the individual groups of respondents did not differ significantly and the selection of location types was similar across all groups. Lower-secondary-school students rather identified cultural values associated with everyday activities, and the descriptions contained emotional overtones. University students preferred natural values associated with formal values based on general consensus or conflicts associated with society-wide impacts. The experts base served as the benchmark for other groups.
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Theophilo CYS, Ribeiro AP, Moreira EG, Aranha S, Bollmann HA, Santos CJ, de Oliveira A, Dos Santos S, Saiki M, Saldiva PHN, Ferreira ML. Biomonitoring as a Nature-Based Solution to Assess Atmospheric Pollution and Impacts on Public Health. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:29-36. [PMID: 33877373 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The control of air pollution remains a challenge to the planning of cities and fossil fuel burning is the main cause of air degradation. Particulate matter (PM) is the contaminant commonly used as an indicator of pollution, but environmental agencies may face difficulties in operating surveillance networks due to the lack of resources and infrastructure. As an alternative to conventional networks, scientific studies have pointed out that nature itself can contribute to the diagnosis and reduction of air pollution. Nature-based solutions (NbS) are proposals that use natural processes and structures to meet different environmental challenges. In this study, biomonitoring with Tillandsia usneoides was applied as a NbS tool to evaluate air quality in an important port urban area in the city of Guarujá, Brazil, affected by industrial and vehicular emissions. It was observed that cadmium mass fractions were at least forty times higher than the control area with one-month exposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreza Portella Ribeiro
- Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, São Paulo, SP, 01525-000, Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Av. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Edson Gonçalves Moreira
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN - CNEN/SP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Sidnei Aranha
- Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, São Paulo, SP, 01525-000, Brazil
- Department of the Environment, Guarujá City (SEMAM), Av. Santos Dumont, 640, Guarujá, SP, 11432-502, Brazil
| | - Harry Alberto Bollmann
- Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Av. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Jordão Santos
- Department of the Environment, Guarujá City (SEMAM), Av. Santos Dumont, 640, Guarujá, SP, 11432-502, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Oliveira
- Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, São Paulo, SP, 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Sidney Dos Santos
- Federal Institute of São Paulo - Pirituba Campus (IFSP), Av. Mutinga, 951, São Paulo, SP, 05110-000, Brazil
| | - Mitiko Saiki
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN - CNEN/SP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Lamano Ferreira
- São Paulo Adventist University (UNA SP), Estrada Municipal Pastor Walter Boger, s/n, Engenheiro Coelho, SP, 13445-970, Brazil
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Levei L, Cadar O, Babalau-Fuss V, Kovacs E, Torok AI, Levei EA, Ozunu A. Use of Black Poplar Leaves for the Biomonitoring of Air Pollution in an Urban Agglomeration. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030548. [PMID: 33799386 PMCID: PMC7999536 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trees are considered to be an effective tool for metal pollution biomonitoring. In the present study, the concentration of metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Al) in black poplar leaves (Populus nigra L.), together with the concentration of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, and total suspended particles (TSP), was used for the air pollution biomonitoring in 12 sites from various areas of Cluj-Napoca city, Romania. The concentration of PM10 in the air was high, but their metal content was low. However, Cu, Pb, and Zn were moderately enriched, while Cd was highly enriched in PM10 due to anthropogenic sources. The average metal concentration in leaves decreased in the order Zn>>Fe>Mn>Al>Pb>Ni>Cu>Co>Cd and increased with the increase of PM10 concentration, indicating that poplar leaves are sensitive to air pollution. The principal component analysis indicated that traffic, waste burning, road dust resuspension, and soil contamination are the main anthropogenic sources of metals in poplar leaves. The results indicated that black poplar leaves are a suitable biomonitoring tool for metal pollution, in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Levei
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, RO-400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.L.); (V.B.-F.); (E.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.)
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, RO-400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.L.); (V.B.-F.); (E.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vanda Babalau-Fuss
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, RO-400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.L.); (V.B.-F.); (E.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.)
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur Street, RO-400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eniko Kovacs
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, RO-400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.L.); (V.B.-F.); (E.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.)
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur Street, RO-400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anamaria Iulia Torok
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, RO-400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.L.); (V.B.-F.); (E.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.)
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, RO-400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.L.); (V.B.-F.); (E.K.); (A.I.T.); (E.A.L.)
| | - Alexandru Ozunu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- DIMTEC, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Street, Bloemfontein SA-9300, South Africa
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9
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Locosselli GM, Moreira TCL, Chacón-Madrid K, Arruda MAZ, Camargo EPD, Kamigauti LY, da Trindade RIF, Andrade MDF, André CDSD, André PAD, Singer JM, Saiki M, Zaccarelli-Marino MA, Saldiva PHN, Buckeridge MS. Spatial-temporal variability of metal pollution across an industrial district, evidencing the environmental inequality in São Paulo. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114583. [PMID: 33618488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although air pollution decreased in some cities that shifted from an industrial to a service-based economy, and vehicular emission regulation became more restrictive, it is still a major risk factor for mortality worldwide. In central São Paulo, Brazil, air quality monitoring stations and tree-ring analyses revealed a decreasing trend in the concentrations of particulate matter and metals. Such trends, however, may not be observed in industrial districts located in the urban periphery, where the usual mobile sources may be combined with local stationary sources. To evaluate environmental pollution in an industrial district in southeastern São Paulo, we assessed its spatial variability, by measuring magnetic properties and concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Sr, Zn in the bark of 62 trees, and its temporal trends, by measuring Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn in tree rings of three trees. Source apportionment analysis based on tree barks revealed two clusters with high concentrations of metals, one related to vehicular and industrial emissions (Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Zn) in the east side of the industrial cluster, and the other related to soil resuspension (Cu, Zn, Mn) in its west side. These patterns are also supported by the magnetic properties of bark associated with iron oxides and titanium-iron alloy concentrations. Dendrochemical analyses revealed that only the concentrations of Pb consistently decreased over the last four decades. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, V, and Zn did not significantly decrease over time, in contrast with their negative trends previously reported in central São Paulo. This combined biomonitoring approach revealed spatial clusters of metal concentration in the vicinity of this industrial cluster and showed that the local population has not benefited from the decreasing polluting metal concentrations in the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Maselli Locosselli
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julio M Singer
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mitiko Saiki
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Pereira GM, Ellen da Silva Caumo S, Mota do Nascimento EQ, Parra YJ, de Castro Vasconcellos P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tree barks, gaseous and particulate phase samples collected near an industrial complex in São Paulo (Brazil). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124499. [PMID: 31401431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban trees are a new tool for pollutant monitoring since gaseous and particulate pollutants can deposit in its barks. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels were determined in gaseous phase samples collected in polyurethane foam (PUF), total suspended particles (TSP) samples collected in quartz fiber filters and tree bark samples (Tipuana and Sibipiruna) collected in the surroundings of an industrial complex in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. Benzo(b)fluoranthene presented the highest average concentration in the TSP samples and phenanthrene, the highest average concentration in the PUF samples; the sum of carcinogenic equivalents for benzo(a)pyrene (BaPEq) for both phases was above 20 ng m-3, representing a high cancer risk. The most abundant PAH for tree barks was fluoranthene; low weight PAHs presented a higher abundance than the observed in TSP. Coronene (vehicular exhaust marker) presented good correlations with fluoranthene in the tree bark samples, suggesting an influence of vehicular emissions. A tree bark sample collected near the petrochemical area presented biomarkers of petrogenic origin (hopanoids) in the mass spectrum and an unresolved complex mixture (UCM) profile. The results suggested an influence of both vehicular and industrial sources on the air quality observed in the atmosphere and tree barks samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yendry Jomolca Parra
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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11
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Rajfur M. Assessment of the possibility of using deciduous tree bark as a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution of atmospheric aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35945-35956. [PMID: 31709484 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to assess the possibility to use deciduous tree bark in the biomonitoring of urban areas. The tree bark taken from various deciduous tree species growing in the Opole Province (south-western Poland) was used for the research. The bark was collected from tree trunks in the period of June 2-26, 2017. Concentrations of the heavy metals were determined in the barks by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). On the basis of the research, it was determined that type of tree, distance from pollution source, elevation off the ground and the side of trunk from which bark was sampled all influence the research results. A comparison of the values of coefficient of variation CV demonstrated that the bark Quercus robur and Betula pendula is more heterogeneous, e.g. for Fe CVQuercus robur is 48.0 % and CVBetula pendula = 42.3 %, compared to Fagus sylvatica (CVFe = 22.6%). In order to limit the influence of environmental factors (e.g. air movement caused by vehicles and pedestrians) on the samples pollution level with analytes, it seems that the optimum level for collecting the samples is 1.5-2.0 m. It was demonstrated that deciduous tree bark can be used as bioindicator in assessing the pollution of atmospheric aerosol by heavy metals, due to its occurrence in urban areas. However, it is important to validate all stages of the analysis procedure that uses deciduous tree bark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Opole, ul. kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032, Opole, Poland.
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12
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Gholizadeh A, Taghavi M, Moslem A, Neshat AA, Lari Najafi M, Alahabadi A, Ahmadi E, Ebrahimi Aval H, Asour AA, Rezaei H, Gholami S, Miri M. Ecological and health risk assessment of exposure to atmospheric heavy metals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109622. [PMID: 31499446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we assessed the concentration of airborne HMs (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) and their probable sources using the bark of Pinus eldarica as a bio-indicator. Hence, 47 tree bark samples were harvested according to the land uses and biomonitoring techniques in the city of Yazd, Iran. The potential health risks in 13 age groups, ecological risk, as well as the possible relationship between HM concentrations and traffic indicators, were evaluated. The order of average HM concentrations in the P. eldarica bark samples was as Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The mean values of non-carcinogenic risks of all HMs in entire age groups were within secure range (HQ < 1); however, the carcinogenic risk of Cd was higher than the allowed level (TCR > 1 × 10-6). About Pb, it was in the safe level. The main element causing potential ecological risks was Cd, indicating moderate to very high ecological risk in most of the study areas. There was an inverse significant association between distance from major roads and Pb concentration (β = -0.011 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.022, -0.0001). All HMs in bark samples render the negative Moran's index, representing a random spatial distribution pattern. Besides, according to principal component analysis (PCA), the first component accounted for 36.55% of the total variance, dominated by Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn, respectively, and characterized by vehicle and industrial emissions. Our results infer that industrial activities and traffic are the main sources of HMs pollution in urban environments that should be considered by decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Taghavi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Moslem
- School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | | | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Food, Drug and Cosmetics Safety Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Alahabadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ebrahimi Aval
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Akbar Ahmadi Asour
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Sedighe Gholami
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
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Locosselli GM, Camargo EPD, Moreira TCL, Todesco E, Andrade MDF, André CDSD, André PAD, Singer JM, Ferreira LS, Saldiva PHN, Buckeridge MS. The role of air pollution and climate on the growth of urban trees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:652-661. [PMID: 30807955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The urban environment features poor air quality and harsher climate conditions that affect the life in the cities. Citizens are especially vulnerable to climate change, because heat island and impervious exacerbates extreme climate events. Urban trees are important tools for mitigation and adaptation of cities to climate change because they provide ecosystem services that increase while trees grow. Nonetheless, the growth of trees may be affected by the harsher conditions found in the urban environment. We assessed the impact of air pollution and climate on the spatial/temporal variability of tree growth in São Paulo, Brazil, one of the largest urban conglomerates in the world. For this purpose, we sampled 41 trees of the Tipuana tipu species in a region that includes industrial areas. We built a tree-ring chronology using standard dendrochronological methods. Spatial analyses show that trees grow faster in the warmer parts of the city and under higher concentrations of airborne P, whereas growth is reduced under higher concentrations of Al, Ba, Zn. Particulate matter (PM10) from the industrial cluster also reduce average growth rate of trees, up to 37% in all diameter classes. Similar results were obtained via temporal analyses, suggesting that the annual growth rate is positively associated with temperature, which explain 16% of interannual growth variability. Precipitation, on the other hand, has no association with tree growth. The average concentration of PM10 explains 41% of interannual growth variability, and higher concentrations during the driest months reduce growth rate. Despite heat island effect and water limitation in the soil of the city, this species takes advantage of warmer conditions and it is not limited by water availability as measured by precipitation. On the other hand, air pollution directly impacts the growth of these trees being a major limiting growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Maselli Locosselli
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Pereira de Camargo
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Enzo Todesco
- Instituto de Astronomia e Geofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Julio M Singer
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Al-Alam J, Chbani A, Faljoun Z, Millet M. The use of vegetation, bees, and snails as important tools for the biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9391-9408. [PMID: 30715709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuous discharge of diverse chemical products in the environment is nowadays of great concern to the whole world as some of them persist in the environment leading to serious diseases. Several sampling techniques have been used for the characterization of this chemical pollution, although biomonitoring using natural samplers has recently become the technique of choice in this field due to its efficiency, specificity, and low cost. In fact, several living organisms known as biomonitors could accumulate the well-known persistent environmental pollutants allowing their monitoring in the environment. In this work, a review on environmental biomonitoring is presented. The main sampling techniques used for monitoring environmental pollutants are first reported, followed by an overview on well-known natural species used as passive samplers and known as biomonitors. These species include conifer needles, lichen, mosses, bees and their byproducts, and snails, and were widely used in recent research as reliable monitors for environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Al-Alam
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Asma Chbani
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Faljoun
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Maurice Millet
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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15
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Niu L, Xu C, Zhou Y, Liu W. Tree bark as a biomonitor for assessing the atmospheric pollution and associated human inhalation exposure risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rural China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:398-407. [PMID: 30577008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is posing a great threat to human health. Biomass combustion in rural areas contributes greatly to the total PAH emission in China. To conduct a comprehensive risk assessment of ambient PAHs in rural China, a nationwide air sampling campaign was carried out in this study. The 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs in tree bark, which was employed as a passive air sampler, were analyzed. The summation of the 16 PAHs ranged from 11.7 to 12,860 ng/m3 in the air of rural China. The national median benzo(a)pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) concentration was 18.4 ng/m3, with the range from 0.334 to 2497 ng/m3. The total inhalation carcinogenic risks of individual PAHs, with the exception for naphthalene, were very low (<1 × 10-6) at most of the sampling sites. The national median excess lifetime lung cancer risk associated with inhalation exposure to atmospheric PAHs was 20.3 × 10-6, corresponding to a population attributable fraction (PAF) of 3.38‰. Our estimations using tree bark were comparable to those reported in other studies and the uncertainties of the variables in the dataset were within the acceptable levels, demonstrating that tree bark is feasible for assessing the atmospheric PAH pollution and associated health risks. We feel that the outputs from this study can assist decision-makers focusing on protecting human health against exposure to atmospheric PAHs in rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Niu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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16
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Locosselli GM, Chacón-Madrid K, Zezzi Arruda MA, Pereira de Camargo E, Lopes Moreira TC, Saldiva de André CD, Afonso de André P, Singer JM, Nascimento Saldiva PH, Buckeridge MS. Tree rings reveal the reduction of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb pollution in the central region of São Paulo, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:320-328. [PMID: 29990939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The concern about environmental pollution has risen in the last decades because of its effects on human's health. However, evaluation of the exposure to certain pollutants is currently hampered by the availability of past environmental data. Tree rings are an alternative to reconstruct environmental variability of pre-instrumental periods. Nevertheless, this approach has some reported limitations including migration of chemical elements in the tree rings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of Cd, Cu, Hg, Na, Ni, Pb, Zn in the tree rings of Tipuana tipu (Fabaceae) to aid the reconstruction of past environmental pollution. We sampled trees in the central region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and scanned their tree rings using LA-ICP-MS. We used these data to evaluate the temporal trends of chemical elements under investigation. Results show a non-random distribution of these chemical elements within the tree rings, with higher content in the cell-walls of vessels and lower content in the fibers. Sodium was the only element intimately related to the axial parenchyma cells. Due to differences in elemental composition of xylem cells, temporal trends where evaluated using distinct quartiles of data distribution in each tree ring. The first quartile represents the lower content found in fibers and parenchyma, while the third quartile corresponds to the higher content found in vessels. Data from vessels better represent the decreasing trend of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Ni in the last three decades. This reduction is less significant for Na and Zn. Our results highlight the potential to improve the records of environmental pollution using data from different cells. Pronounced reduction in Pb may be attributed to the lead phase-out in gasoline, while the decreasing trend of Cd, Cu, Ni pollution is probably related to increasing efficiency of vehicles and the deindustrialization of São Paulo. Chemical elements are non-randomly distributed in tree rings. Chemical content of vessels cell-walls is a reliable record of metal pollution, which is decreasing in São Paulo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Maselli Locosselli
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Evelyn Pereira de Camargo
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Julio M Singer
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Saldiva SRDM, Barrozo LV, Leone CR, Failla MA, Bonilha EDA, Bernal RTI, Oliveira RCD, Saldiva PHN. Small-Scale Variations in Urban Air Pollution Levels Are Significantly Associated with Premature Births: A Case Study in São Paulo, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102236. [PMID: 30322031 PMCID: PMC6209908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Premature birth is the result of a complex interaction among genetic, epigenetic, behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. We evaluated the possible associations between air pollution and the incidence of prematurity in spatial clusters of high and low prevalence in the municipality of São Paulo. It is a spatial case-control study. The residential addresses of mothers with live births that occurred in 2012 and 2013 were geo-coded. A spatial scan statistical test performed to identify possible low-prevalence and high-prevalence clusters of premature births. After identifying, the spatial clusters were drawn samples of cases and controls in each cluster. Mothers were interviewed face-to-face using questionnaires. Air pollution exposure was assessed by passive tubes (NO₂ and O₃) as well as by the determination of trace elements' concentration in tree bark. Binary logistic regression models were applied to determine the significance of the risk of premature birth. Later prenatal care, urinary infection, and hypertension were individual risk factors for prematurity. Particles produced by traffic emissions (estimated by tree bark accumulation) and photochemical pollutants involved in the photochemical cycle (estimated by O₃ and NO₂ passive tubes) also exhibited significant and robust risks for premature births. The results indicate that air pollution is an independent risk factor for prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Regina Dias Medici Saldiva
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento para o SUS, Instituto de Saúde, Secretaria do Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Rua Santo Antônio, 590-Bela Vista, São Paulo 01314-000, Brazil.
| | - Ligia Vizeu Barrozo
- Departamento de Geografia da Faculdade de Ciências, Letras e Filosofia da Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto-Butantã, São Paulo 05344-020, Brazil.
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua da Praça do Relógio, 109 andar Térreo. Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-050, Brazil.
| | - Clea Rodrigues Leone
- Departamento de Pediatria da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Antunes Failla
- Coordenação de Epidemiologia e Informação (CEInfo)-Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de São Paulo, R. General Jardim, 36-5º andar-Vila Buarque, São Paulo 01223-010, Brazil.
| | - Eliana de Aquino Bonilha
- Coordenação de Epidemiologia e Informação (CEInfo)-Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de São Paulo, R. General Jardim, 36-5º andar-Vila Buarque, São Paulo 01223-010, Brazil.
| | - Regina Tomie Ivata Bernal
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Regiani Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Poluição Ambiental do Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua da Praça do Relógio, 109 andar Térreo. Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-050, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Poluição Ambiental do Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
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18
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Turkyilmaz A, Sevik H, Isinkaralar K, Cetin M. Using Acer platanoides annual rings to monitor the amount of heavy metals accumulated in air. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:578. [PMID: 30196482 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Annual rings are good indicators for determining the increase in the amount of heavy metals in the atmosphere from past to the present. Air pollution has rapidly increased in Ankara over the past 20 years. In particular, there is a serious increase in the concentration of heavy metals that adversely affect human health. In this study, the accumulation of Al, Zn, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cd, Na, Ca, Ba, P, Mg, As, and B on Acer platanoides rings has been determined using the GBC Integra XL-SDS-270 ICP-OES instrument. Based on our experimental findings, we determined that the concentration of heavy metals accumulated on the rings over the past 20 years varied and that there was a significant correlation between heavy metal concentration in air and heavy metal accumulation on trees. The main reasons for this increase were an increase in the amount of exhaust emission gases and most importantly the transport of heavy metals by the prevailing winds from heavy industrial plants established after 1990 in Ankara. As a result, when the values were examined, we found that except for Na, all the elements, which showed differences at statistically significant levels, were in considerably high quantities in the bark. On average, the values obtained for bark were 6 times higher than those obtained for wood. In terms of elements that showed statistically significant level of differences, this difference was the lowest in P (1.61 times higher), Mg (2.52 times higher), and B (3.94 times higher) and the highest in Mn (23.87 times higher), Al (22.0 times higher), and Fe (14.27 times higher). In the case of Na, we found that the value obtained for wood was 1.64 times higher than that obtained for bark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Turkyilmaz
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Sevik
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Kaan Isinkaralar
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cetin
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey
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19
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Noyori A, Saiki M, Zahn GS. Aluminum determination by instrumental neutron activation analysis in tree barks. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Niu L, Xu C, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Zhu S, Liu W. Spatial distributions and enantiomeric signatures of DDT and its metabolites in tree bark from agricultural regions across China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:111-118. [PMID: 28582674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tree bark is considered as an effective passive sampler for estimating the atmospheric status of pollutants. In this study, we conducted a national scale tree bark sampling campaign across China. Concentration profiles revealed that Eastern China, especially the Jing-Jin-Ji region (including Hebei Province, Beijing and Tianjin) was a hot spot of bark DDT pollution. The enantioselective accumulation of o,p'-DDT was observed in most of the samples and 68% of them showed a preferential depletion of (+)-o,p'-DDT. These results suggest that DDTs in rural bark are likely from combined sources including historical technical DDTs and fresh dicofol usage. The tree bulk DDT levels were found to correlate with soil DDT concentrations, socioeconomy and PM2.5 of the sampling sites. It thus becomes evident that the reemission from soils and subsequent atmospheric deposition were the major pathways leading to the accumulation of DDTs in bark. Based on a previously established bark-air partitioning model, the concentrations of DDTs in the air were estimated from measured concentrations in tree bark, and the results were comparable to those obtained by the use of passive sampling with polyurethane foam (PUF) disks. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of delineating the spatial variations in atmospheric concentration and tracing sources of DDTs by integrating the use of tree bark with enantiomeric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Niu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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21
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Ferreira AB, Ribeiro AP, Ferreira ML, Kniess CT, Quaresma CC, Lafortezza R, Santos JO, Saiki M, Saldiva PH. A Streamlined Approach by a Combination of Bioindication and Geostatistical Methods for Assessing Air Contaminants and Their Effects on Human Health in Industrialized Areas: A Case Study in Southern Brazil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1575. [PMID: 28979271 PMCID: PMC5611596 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization in developing countries associated with urban growth results in a number of economic benefits, especially in small or medium-sized cities, but leads to a number of environmental and public health consequences. This problem is further aggravated when adequate infrastructure is lacking to monitor the environmental impacts left by industries and refineries. In this study, a new protocol was designed combining biomonitoring and geostatistics to evaluate the possible effects of shale industry emissions on human health and wellbeing. Futhermore, the traditional and expensive air quality method based on PM2.5 measuring was also used to validate the low-cost geostatistical approach. Chemical analysis was performed using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (EDXRF) to measure inorganic elements in tree bark and shale retorted samples in São Mateus do Sul city, Southern Brazil. Fe, S, and Si were considered potential pollutants in the study area. Distribution maps of element concentrations were generated from the dataset and used to estimate the spatial behavior of Fe, S, and Si and the range from their hot spot(s), highlighting the regions sorrounding the shale refinery. This evidence was also demonstrated in the measurements of PM2.5 concentrations, which are in agreement with the information obtained from the biomonitoring and geostatistical model. Factor and descriptive analyses performed on the concentrations of tree bark contaminants suggest that Fe, S, and Si might be used as indicators of industrial emissions. The number of cases of respiratory diseases obtained from local basic health unit were used to assess a possible correlation between shale refinery emissions and cases of repiratory disease. These data are public and may be accessed on the website of the the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Significant associations were found between the health data and refinery activities. The combination of the spatial characterization of air pollution and clinical health data revealed that adverse effects were significant for individuals over 38 years of age. These results also suggest that a protocol designed to monitor urban air quality may be an effective and low-cost strategy in environmentally contaminated cities, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreza P. Ribeiro
- Smart and Sustainable Cities, Nove de Julho UniversitySão Paulo, Brazil
- Professional Masters in Environmental Management and Sustainability, Nove de Julho UniversitySão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia T. Kniess
- Smart and Sustainable Cities, Nove de Julho UniversitySão Paulo, Brazil
- Professional Masters in Environmental Management and Sustainability, Nove de Julho UniversitySão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raffaele Lafortezza
- Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of BariBari, Italy
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | | | - Mitiko Saiki
- Center of the Nuclear Research Reactor, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN)São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Carvalho-Oliveira R, Amato-Lourenço LF, Moreira TCL, Silva DRR, Vieira BD, Mauad T, Saiki M, Saldiva PHN. Effectiveness of traffic-related elements in tree bark and pollen abortion rates for assessing air pollution exposure on respiratory mortality rates. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 99:161-169. [PMID: 27866722 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of epidemiological studies correlate the cardiorespiratory effects of air pollution exposure by considering the concentrations of pollutants measured from conventional monitoring networks. The conventional air quality monitoring methods are expensive, and their data are insufficient for providing good spatial resolution. We hypothesized that bioassays using plants could effectively determine pollutant gradients, thus helping to assess the risks associated with air pollution exposure. The study regions were determined from different prevalent respiratory death distributions in the Sao Paulo municipality. Samples of tree flower buds were collected from twelve sites in four regional districts. The genotoxic effects caused by air pollution were tested through a pollen abortion bioassay. Elements derived from vehicular traffic that accumulated in tree barks were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Mortality data were collected from the mortality information program of Sao Paulo City. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the concentrations of elements accumulated in tree barks. Pearson correlation and exponential regression were performed considering the elements, pollen abortion rates and mortality data. PCA identified five factors, of which four represented elements related to vehicular traffic. The elements Al, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn showed a strong correlation with mortality rates (R2>0.87) and pollen abortion rates (R2>0.82). These results demonstrate that tree barks and pollen abortion rates allow for correlations between vehicular traffic emissions and associated outcomes such as genotoxic effects and mortality data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiani Carvalho-Oliveira
- School of Medicine at Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luís F Amato-Lourenço
- School of Medicine at Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiana C L Moreira
- School of Medicine at Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas R Rocha Silva
- School of Medicine at Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna D Vieira
- School of Medicine at Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- School of Medicine at Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mitiko Saiki
- National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Nascimento Saldiva
- School of Medicine at Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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23
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Amato-Lourenco LF, Lobo DJA, Guimarães ET, Moreira TCL, Carvalho-Oliveira R, Saiki M, Saldiva PHN, Mauad T. Biomonitoring of genotoxic effects and elemental accumulation derived from air pollution in community urban gardens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1438-1444. [PMID: 27720253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Urban gardening is a growing global phenomenon with a positive impact on society. Despite several associated benefits, growing vegetables in urban gardens that are localized in highly polluted areas poses questions about the safety of the produced food. Therefore, the identification of risk factors that result in possible deleterious effects to human health is important for realizing all of the benefits to society. We evaluated the use of two biomonitoring methods in ten urban gardens of Sao Paulo city and one control site: the micronuclei frequencies for early tetrads of Tradescantia pallida (Rose) Hunt. cv. "Purpurea" Boom (hereafter, Trad-MCN) as a short-term indicator of genotoxic response and tree barks to quantify the accumulation of traffic-related chemical elements as a long-term biomarker of air pollution in urban gardens. Mature plants of Tradescantia pallida were exposed in each garden, and their inflorescences were sampled over three months. A random set of 300 early tetrads in 13 to 21 slides per garden were evaluated for micronuclei frequencies. Elemental concentrations in 428 tree barks samples from 107 different trees in the areas surrounding urban gardens were quantified using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The frequency of Trad-MCN has a significant correlation with traffic variables and chemical elements related to road dust and tailpipe emissions deposited in tree barks. Negative associations between Trad-MCN and both the distance through traffic and the presence of vertical obstacles were observed in the community gardens. The Mn/Zn concentrations in tree barks were associated with increased Trad-MCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Fernando Amato-Lourenco
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo - Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Study Group on Urban Agriculture, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo (IEA), Brazil.
| | - Debora Jã A Lobo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo - Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane T Guimarães
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo - Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mitiko Saiki
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP - Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo - Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Study Group on Urban Agriculture, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo (IEA), Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo - Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Study Group on Urban Agriculture, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo (IEA), Brazil
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24
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Bing H, Wu Y, Zhou J, Sun H. Biomonitoring trace metal contamination by seven sympatric alpine species in Eastern Tibetan Plateau. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:388-398. [PMID: 27668716 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring permits determinations of trace metal contamination in remote areas like the high mountain ecosystems. In this study, six trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in seven sympatric alpine species (five tree species: Salix rehderiana, Populus purdomii, Betula albosinensis, Abies fabri, Picea brachytyla, and two dominant mosses: Pleurozium schreberi, Papillaria crocea) at the Hailuogou Glacier foreland, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, were investigated to monitor their contamination. The concentrations of trace metals and Pb isotopic ratios (206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/206Pb) in leaves/needles, twigs, bark, roots, and mosses were determined, and the biological factors and enrichment factors were calculated. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn in mosses were significantly higher than those in tree tissues and normal plants indicating the exogenous sources. The accumulation of trace metals (except Cd and Zn) was relatively higher in the tree roots, whereas their enrichments were significant in the leaves/needles and bark. According to biological factors, enrichment factors, and factor analysis, Cd, Pb, and Zn in trees and mosses were markedly impacted by anthropogenic emissions, whereas Cr, Cu, and Ni in trees were mainly from root adsorption from soils. The Pb isotopic compositions identified the anthropogenic Pb mainly from mining and smelting, coal combustion, and vehicle exhausts. The results indicated that mosses were still priority indicator of trace metal contamination from atmospheric deposition, and the leaves and bark of S. rehderiana, P. purdomii, and B. albosinensis were the better alternatives to monitor the atmospheric contamination of trace metals in the alpine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Bing
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yanhong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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25
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Amato-Lourenco LF, Moreira TCL, de Oliveira Souza VC, Barbosa F, Saiki M, Saldiva PHN, Mauad T. The influence of atmospheric particles on the elemental content of vegetables in urban gardens of Sao Paulo, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:125-134. [PMID: 27249450 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although urban horticulture provides multiple benefits to society, the extent to which these vegetables are contaminated by the absorption of chemical elements derived from atmospheric deposition is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of air pollution on leafy vegetables in community gardens of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Vegetable seedlings of Brassica oleracea var. acephala (collard greens) and Spinacia oleracea (spinach) obtained in a non-polluted rural area and growing in vessels containing standard uncontaminated soil were exposed for three consecutive periods of 30, 60 and 90 days in 10 community gardens in Sao Paulo and in one control site. The concentrations of 17 chemical elements (traffic-related elements and those essential to plant biology) were quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Tillandsia usneoides L. specimens were used as air plant biomonitors. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cr and Pb found in vegetables were compared to the recommended values for consumption. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to cluster the elemental concentrations, and Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were employed to evaluate the association of the factor scores from each PCA component with variables such as local weather, traffic burden and vertical barriers adjacent to the gardens. We found significant differences in the elemental concentrations of the vegetables in the different community gardens. These differences were related to the overall traffic burden, vertical obstacles and local weather. The Pb and Cd concentrations in both vegetables exceeded the limit values for consumption after 60 days of exposure. A strong correlation was observed between the concentration of traffic-related elements in vegetables and in Tillandsia usneoides L. An exposure response was observed between traffic burden and traffic-derived particles absorbed in the vegetables. Traffic-derived air pollution directly influences the absorption of chemical elements in leafy vegetables, and the levels of these elements may exceed the recommended values for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Fernando Amato-Lourenco
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Brazil
| | - Tiana Carla Lopes Moreira
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Barbosa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mitiko Saiki
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute - IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Brazil.
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