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Cuciurean CI, Sidor CG, Camarero JJ, Buculei A, Badea O. Detecting changes in industrial pollution by analyzing heavy metal concentrations in tree-ring wood from Romanian conifer forests. Environ Res 2024; 252:118884. [PMID: 38582431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The impact of air pollution on forests, especially in urban areas, has been increasingly discussed recently. Many pollutants, including heavy metals, are released into the atmosphere from various sources, such as mining, non-ferrous metal processing plants, and fossil fuel combustion. These pollutants can adversely affect not only tree growth but also other species, including humans. This study compared the concentrations of several elements in tree-ring wood from two conifer species (Silver fir, Abies alba; Norway spruce, Picea abies) growing in polluted and unpolluted areas. Two regions in northern Romania (Bicaz and Tarnița) that were subjected to historical pollution changes were selected. Two chemical analyses were used: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The silver fir trees from the intensively polluted area in the Tarnița region were negatively impacted by industrial pollution: the Mn concentrations were, on average, three times higher in polluted areas than in unpolluted areas (ca. 30 vs. 10 mg kg-1). This finding was consistent for both ICP-MS and XRF analyses. However, in Norway spruce, this difference was found only in the XRF data, which detected Mn concentrations seven times higher in trees from polluted areas than those from unpolluted areas (ca. 700 vs. 100 mg kg-1). In the Tarnița region, Norway spruce accumulated more heavy metals than silver fir, but the most pronounced differences between polluted and unpolluted areas were found in silver fir. The two analytical methods are commonly used to determine metal concentrations in wood, and they complement each other, with ICP-MS having a low detection limit for some elements and XRF having higher detection limits and better accuracy. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the optimal method depends on many factors, such as the type of heavy metal analyzed, its concentration in wood, sample type, cost, analysis time, and sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Ilie Cuciurean
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea" (INCDS Marin Drăcea), 077190, Voluntari, Romania; Doctoral School of Engineering Sciences, "Ștefan Cel Mare" University from Suceava, 720229, Suceava, Romania
| | - Cristian Gheorghe Sidor
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea" (INCDS Marin Drăcea), 077190, Voluntari, Romania.
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, E-50192, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Amelia Buculei
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea" (INCDS Marin Drăcea), 077190, Voluntari, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Badea
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea" (INCDS Marin Drăcea), 077190, Voluntari, Romania; Transilvania University, Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, 1, Ludwig van Beethoven Street, Brasov, 500123, Romania
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Gačnik J, Gustin MS. Tree rings as historical archives of atmospheric mercury: A critical review. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165562. [PMID: 37454835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Historical concentrations of atmospheric mercury (Hg) are uncertain, as monitoring only began a few decades ago. Tree rings can serve as historical archives of Hg, providing centennial trends. The vast majority of tree-ring Hg studies have been published in the last decade, demonstrating the growing use of tree rings for Hg dendrochemistry. Thus, there is a need for a systematic review on current knowledge of tree rings as archives of atmospheric Hg. In this review, the predominant pathways of Hg uptake to tree rings are discussed, including the initial Hg uptake from the surrounding environment, fixation, and subsequent translocation. Foliar uptake of Hg was found to be the most important uptake route for Hg in tree rings, the root and bark route being negligible. Our summary of the suitability of different tree species indicates that radial translocation is the biggest limiting factor for Hg dendrochemistry, shifting and blurring historical Hg trends. Based on the review findings, Picea (spruce) and Larix (larch) are the most promising genera for Hg dendrochemistry. Additionally, the use of tree-ring Hg archives in combination with other co-located archives, namely lake sediments, peat, and ice, is suggested as it enhances the viability of observed tree-ring historical Hg trends. Finally, we propose future directions and recommendations for research using tree-ring Hg, including sampling protocols, experimental designs, and tree selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gačnik
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, USA.
| | - Mae Sexauer Gustin
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
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Ortega Rodriguez DR, Sánchez-Salguero R, Hevia A, Granato-Souza D, Cintra BBL, Hornink B, Andreu-Hayles L, Assis-Pereira G, Roig FA, Tomazello-Filho M. Climate variability of the southern Amazon inferred by a multi-proxy tree-ring approach using Cedrela fissilis Vell. Sci Total Environ 2023; 871:162064. [PMID: 36758695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of climate variability and development of reconstructions based on tree-ring records in tropical forests have been increasing in recent decades. In the Amazon region, ring width and stable isotope long-term chronologies have been used for climatic studies, however little is known about the potential of wood traits such as density and chemical concentrations. In this study, we used well-dated rings of Cedrela fissilis Vell. from the drought-prone southern Amazon basin to assess the potential of using inter-annual variations of annually-resolved ring width, wood density, stable oxygen isotope (δ18OTR) measured in tree-ring cellulose and concentration of Sulfur (STR) and Calcium (CaTR) in xylem cells to study climate variability. During wet years, Cedrela fissilis produced wider and denser rings with higher CaTR and lower STR, as well as depleted δ18OTR values. During dry years, a wider range of responses was observed in growth, density and STR, while lower CaTR and enriched δ18OTR values were found. The annual centennial chronologies spanning from 1835 to 2018 showed good calibration skills for reconstructing local precipitation, evapotranspiration (P-PET), Amazon-wide rainfall, as well as climate modes related to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies such as El Niño South Oscillation (ENSO), Tropical Northern Atlantic (TNA), and the Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP) oscillations. CaTR explained 42 % of the variance of local precipitation (1975-2018), RW explained 30 % of the P-PET variance (1975-2018), while δ18OTR explained 60 % and 57 % of the variance of Amazon rainfall (1960-2018) and El Niño 3.4 (1920-2018), respectively. Our results show that a multi-proxy tropical tree-ring approach can be used for high-reliable reconstructions of climate variability over Amazon basin at inter-annual and multidecadal time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; DendrOlavide-Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
- DendrOlavide-Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrea Hevia
- DendrOlavide-Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Department of Ecology, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n., 23009 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Bruno B L Cintra
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 14, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Garstang North, Building, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Bruna Hornink
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laia Andreu-Hayles
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA; CREAF, Bellatera (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Assis-Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fidel A Roig
- Argentine Institute of Nivology, Glaciology and Environmental Sciences (IANIGLA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo), 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Tomazello-Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li P, Laffitte B, Cao Y, Tang Y. Reconstruction of heavy metal(loid) pollution history based on dendrochemistry in Jiuzhaigou World Natural Heritage site, southwestern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:65835-65847. [PMID: 37093379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s are widely regarded as important environmental pollutants and have attracted extensive attention. In addition to such areas with frequent human activities as cities and industrial areas, the heavy metal(loid) pollution in remote areas lacking long-term monitoring data also deserves attention. In this study, Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) in Jiuzhaigou World Natural Heritage was sampled to analyze concentration of Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Co, Cr, and Ni and to reconstruct pollution history. Source analysis and evaluation of the potential ecological risk of heavy metal(loid)s were also performed. Results showed that Jiuzhaigou has been polluted by heavy metal(loid)s at a relatively high level and concentrations were the highest at the location with intensive human activities (Nuorilang). Tree growth was inhibited by increased heavy metal(loid) concentration and this situation was more pronounced at high concentrations. The increased heavy metal(loid) concentrations were attributed to human activities such as forest logging, infrastructure construction, and tourism development. Heavy metal(loid) pollution reached a very high level of ecological harm at Nuorilang and a high level of ecological harm in Shuzheng and Heye villages. Overall, even at low concentrations, we demonstrated that Chinese pine can be used not only as a bioindicator for heavy metal(loid) pollution but also to infer pollution history over a relative long-term period and to enhance our understanding of the biogeochemical cycle of heavy metal(loid)s in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Li
- Department of Environment, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Benjamin Laffitte
- Department of Environment, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yutao Cao
- Jiuzhaigou Administrative Bureau, Zhangzha, Jiuzhaigou, 623402, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Tang
- Department of Environment, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Ucella-Filho JGM, Dias Júnior AF, de Souza EC, da Silva JGM, Sant'anna Neto A, da Silva APC, Santos LMH, Rodriguez DRO, Tomazello-Filho M, Brito JO. Clues about wood density and trace-element variability of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby for bioenergy use. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:56161-56173. [PMID: 36917377 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interest of biofuel producers in Neotropical species that have high growth rates, slight wood density variability, and elemental composition that does not compromise the environment has increased in recent decades. We investigated the density and chemical characteristics of wood of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber × Ducke) Barneby as a source for the generation of bioenergy. Apparent radial wood density profiles (X-ray densitometry (XRD)) and the elemental distribution (X-ray fluorescence (XRF)) of Cl, S, K, and Ca in the wood of nine S. parahyba var. amazonicum trees, divided into three diameter classes (I = 15.5, II = 19.5, and III = 23.5 cm) were analyzed. The high heating value (HHV) of the wood samples was determined, and the energy density was estimated by the product of the HHV and the apparent density. Trees that grew better (classes II and III) produced wood with higher density. These trees showed higher concentrations of K and S, and lower concentrations of Ca and Cl. The highest Cl concentrations were observed in classes with smaller diameters. The chlorine levels met the standards for use of this wood as fuel, but the sulfur levels were higher than the threshold recommended by the ISO 17225-3:2021 guidelines, which can limit the use of the species for certain energy uses. The wood of S. parahyba var. amazonicum had interesting characteristics for the production of bioenergy due to its low density, so it can be used in the production of solid biofuels such as pellets and briquettes. Monitoring chlorine and sulfur is important, since during the combustion of biomass they are released into the atmosphere and can negatively contribute to the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gilberto Meza Ucella-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, 31629550-000, Brazil
| | - Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, 31629550-000, Brazil
| | - Elias Costa de Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
- Departmento de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais (DTRN), Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Campus VI, Rodovia PA-125, Angelim, Paragominas, 68625-000, Brazil.
| | - João Gabriel Missia da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, 31629550-000, Brazil
| | - Analder Sant'anna Neto
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Câmara da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, 31629550-000, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Maria Hilgert Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, 31629550-000, Brazil
| | - Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
- DendrOlavide-Dept., Sistemas FísicosQuímicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Mário Tomazello-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - José Otávio Brito
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
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Wang J, Huang Y, Beiyuan J, Wei X, Qi J, Wang L, Fang F, Liu J, Cao J, Xiao T. Thallium and potentially toxic elements distribution in pine needles, tree rings and soils around a pyrite mine and indication for environmental pollution. Sci Total Environ 2022; 828:154346. [PMID: 35259386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the distributions of thallium (Tl), and other potential toxic elements, such as Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Sr, As, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Mn in needles, tree rings and soils of pine trees in one of the largest pyrite mining areas in the world, i.e., Yunfu, China were investigated. The results showed that pseudo-total Tl concentration of the tree rings ranged from 0.41 to 2.03 mg/kg (average: 1.12 mg/kg) during the year of 1998 to 2011. This indicates an overall obvious enrichment of Tl. Further investigation of element level variations in the pine needles showed a negative correlation between Tl content and the distance from the mining area. The results of Principal Component Analysis additionally demonstrated that Tl in the tree rings was most likely derived from the pine needles. Notably, Tl contents in the tree rings exhibited generally similar distribution pattern to the annual production intensity of Yunfu pyrite mining activities. The findings suggest that metal(loid)s in particular of Tl in pine tree rings can be used as alternative proxies to approximatively reconstruct the chronological change of atmospheric environmental pollution induced by pyrite associated mining/smelting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yeliang Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingzi Beiyuan
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xudong Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianying Qi
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fa Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jielong Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
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Amais RS, Moreau PS, Francischini DS, Magnusson R, Locosselli GM, Godoy-Veiga M, Ceccantini G, Ortega Rodriguez DR, Tomazello-Filho M, Arruda MAZ. Trace elements distribution in tropical tree rings through high-resolution imaging using LA-ICP-MS analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126872. [PMID: 34628231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of trace elements in tree rings although poorly known may be useful to better understand environmental changes, pollution trends, long-term droughts, forest dieback processes, and biology of trees. METHOD Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is used for imaging micronutrients and potentially toxic elements distribution, allowing the investigation of trace elements at high spatial resolution within the tree rings. To ensure a more efficient determination of micronutrients and potentially toxic elements, LA-ICP-MS instrumental conditions were optimized and carbon, a major element in wood, is used as an internal standard during analysis to correct for random fluctuations. RESULTS Spatial distributions maps of Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb in growth layers of six tropical tree species were built-up using the LA-iMageS software, namely: Amburana cearensis (Fabaceae), Cedrela fissilis (Meliaceae), Hymenaea courbaril (Fabaceae), Maclura tinctoria (Moraceae), Parapiptadenia zehntneri (Fabaceae), Peltogyne paniculata (Fabaceae). A correlation between the trace element composition and different cell types (parenchyma, fiber, and vessel) was distinctly observed. It was observed a general pattern of Ba, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Pb accumulation mainly in the axial parenchyma and vessels. But the elemental composition of xylem cells is strongly species dependent. The multivariate analysis also points to a distinct accumulation of minerals between heartwood and sapwood in the same species. CONCLUSIONS Imaging both essential and deleterious element distributions in the tree rings may improve visualization and can effectively contribute to understanding the lifetime metabolism of trees and evaluating the effects of environmental changes related to climatic seasonality, pollution, and future paleoclimate reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata S Amais
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Pedro S Moreau
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Francischini
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Magnusson
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Godoy-Veiga
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Botany, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Gregório Ceccantini
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Botany, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Daigard R Ortega Rodriguez
- University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Forest Sciences, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Mario Tomazello-Filho
- University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Forest Sciences, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marco A Z Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
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Cocozza C, Alterio E, Bachmann O, Guillong M, Sitzia T, Cherubini P. Monitoring air pollution close to a cement plant and in a multi-source industrial area through tree-ring analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:54030-54040. [PMID: 34046833 PMCID: PMC8476389 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-two trace elements were examined in the tree rings of downy oak to evaluate the pollution levels close to a cement plant isolated in a rural context and an industrial area where multiple sources of air pollution are or were present. Tree cores were collected from trees growing 1 km from both the cement plant and the industrial area that are located 8 km from each other. The analysis of the trace elements was performed on annual tree rings from 1990 to 2016 using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Trace elements Cs, Mg, Mn, S and Zn reflected the emission history of the cement plant. Their values have increased since early 2000s, when the cement plant started its activity. However, the lack of significant trends of pollutants in the tree rings from the industrial area and the possible effect of translocation and volatility of some elements left open questions. The very weak changes of the other trace elements in the period 1990-2016 suggest those elements do not mark any additional effect of the industrial activity on the background pollution. The results confirm that downy oak trees growing close to isolated industrial plants must be considered a pollution forest archive accessible through dendrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cocozza
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145, Florence, Italy
| | - Edoardo Alterio
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Olivier Bachmann
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Guillong
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Sitzia
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- WSL - Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Chellman N, Csank A, Gustin MS, Arienzo MM, Vargas Estrada M, McConnell JR. Comparison of co-located ice-core and tree-ring mercury records indicates potential radial translocation of mercury in whitebark pine. Sci Total Environ 2020; 743:140695. [PMID: 32679494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tree-ring records are a potential archive for reconstructing long-term historical trends in atmospheric mercury (Hg) concentrations. Although Hg preserved in tree rings has been shown to be derived largely from the atmosphere, quantitative relationships linking atmospheric concentrations to those in tree rings are limited. In addition, few tree-ring-based Hg records have been evaluated against co-located proxies of atmospheric Hg deposition or direct atmospheric measurements. Here we develop long-term Hg records extending from 1800 to 2018 CE using cores collected from two stands of whitebark pine located near the Upper Fremont Glacier in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, where a long-term record of atmospheric Hg deposition previously was developed from an ice core. The tree ring record showed that Hg concentrations increased beginning in 1800 CE to a broad peak centered at ~1960 CE, before decreasing to present, generally paralleling the ice-core record of Hg deposition. The exact timing and magnitude of the Hg increases in the trees, however, is offset earlier relative to the ice-core record. These discrepancies potentially arise from biotic processes that impact Hg uptake and preservation in whitebark pine, and results from an advection-diffusion model indicate that the temporal differences are consistent with radial movement of Hg within the trees. The forms of atmospheric Hg and seasonality may also impact the Hg record preserved by each archive, but are less likely to affect long-term trends. Further work is needed to assess radial Hg translocation in more controlled studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Chellman
- Desert Research Institute, Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Reno, NV 89512, United States; Graduate Program of Hydrologic Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, United States.
| | - Adam Csank
- Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Mae Sexauer Gustin
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Monica M Arienzo
- Desert Research Institute, Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Reno, NV 89512, United States
| | - Margarita Vargas Estrada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Joseph R McConnell
- Desert Research Institute, Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Reno, NV 89512, United States
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10
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Locosselli GM, Moreira TCL, Chacón-Madrid K, Arruda MAZ, Camargo EPD, Kamigauti LY, da Trindade RIF, Andrade MDF, André CDSD, André PAD, Singer JM, Saiki M, Zaccarelli-Marino MA, Saldiva PHN, Buckeridge MS. Spatial-temporal variability of metal pollution across an industrial district, evidencing the environmental inequality in São Paulo. Environ Pollut 2020; 263:114583. [PMID: 33618488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although air pollution decreased in some cities that shifted from an industrial to a service-based economy, and vehicular emission regulation became more restrictive, it is still a major risk factor for mortality worldwide. In central São Paulo, Brazil, air quality monitoring stations and tree-ring analyses revealed a decreasing trend in the concentrations of particulate matter and metals. Such trends, however, may not be observed in industrial districts located in the urban periphery, where the usual mobile sources may be combined with local stationary sources. To evaluate environmental pollution in an industrial district in southeastern São Paulo, we assessed its spatial variability, by measuring magnetic properties and concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Sr, Zn in the bark of 62 trees, and its temporal trends, by measuring Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn in tree rings of three trees. Source apportionment analysis based on tree barks revealed two clusters with high concentrations of metals, one related to vehicular and industrial emissions (Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Zn) in the east side of the industrial cluster, and the other related to soil resuspension (Cu, Zn, Mn) in its west side. These patterns are also supported by the magnetic properties of bark associated with iron oxides and titanium-iron alloy concentrations. Dendrochemical analyses revealed that only the concentrations of Pb consistently decreased over the last four decades. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, V, and Zn did not significantly decrease over time, in contrast with their negative trends previously reported in central São Paulo. This combined biomonitoring approach revealed spatial clusters of metal concentration in the vicinity of this industrial cluster and showed that the local population has not benefited from the decreasing polluting metal concentrations in the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Maselli Locosselli
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julio M Singer
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mitiko Saiki
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Alterio E, Cocozza C, Chirici G, Rizzi A, Sitzia T. Preserving air pollution forest archives accessible through dendrochemistry. J Environ Manage 2020; 264:110462. [PMID: 32250895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to human air pollution, absorbing pollutants in their tissues. Trees can store pollutants in wood, in the annual growth rings, retaining traces of pollutants in the environment. Information on past pollution events are archived by trees, which dendrochemistry, a dendrochronological science combined with chemistry, is able to access. Many authors have suggested that trees could complement the conventional environmental monitoring: a forest archive of pollution events. However, the implications of trees occurrence in polluted areas on planning and management have not yet been discussed. In this article, we investigate whether forest archives exist and whether they should be integrated into the network of existing monitoring stations. We use a case study, the Veneto region of Italy, one of the most polluted areas in Europe, to examine the occurrence of trees around 28 industrial plants retrieved from a European pollution register. We propose planning actions to develop the latent potential of these forest archives for environmental monitoring, which society may benefit. We follow three steps: (a) assessing the cover and composition of tree canopies around the industrial plants, (b) inventorying the existing artificial air monitoring stations in order to discover whether pollutants around the industrial plants are already monitored, (c) assessing land use patterns in order to identify which are the receptors of air pollution and enhance the forest archive in the future. These spatial analyses are conducted in a 1-km radius buffer with the industrial plant as the centre. Results show that forest archives are available, with cover and composition suitable for dendrochemistry studies. Artificial monitoring stations are too far from industrial plants or have been installed recently, unable to provide historical data. Trees are an alternative source of pollution data. Receptors of air pollution include a diversity of urban, rural and agricultural lands, where forest archives can be managed and conserved through a variety of actions. Environmental protection agencies should value these trees, preserving them and accessing the records held in this forest archive. Similar inventories must be promoted in other industrialised regions of the world even at larger scales. Studies like this one should also be incorporated into landscape or urban planning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Alterio
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.
| | - Claudia Cocozza
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145, Florence, Italy.
| | - Gherardo Chirici
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145, Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Rizzi
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Sitzia
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.
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12
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Durand M, Rose C, Dupouey JL, Legout A, Ponton S. Do tree rings record changes in soil fertility? Results from a Quercus petraea fertilization trial. Sci Total Environ 2020; 712:136148. [PMID: 31945532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Through the variations in their dimension, density, anatomy or isotopes composition, tree rings have provided invaluable proxies to evaluate past changes in the environment. Whereas long-term records of changes in soil fertility are particularly desired for forest ecosystem studies, the use of the chemical composition of tree rings as potential marker is still controversial. Dendrochemistry has sometimes been considered as a promising approach to study past changes in soil chemistry, whereas some authors stated that element translocations in the wood preclude any possibility of reliable retrospective monitoring. Here, we aimed at testing whether the wood elemental content of fertilized oaks (Quercus petraea) differed from control trees >30 years after a NPKCaMg fertilization and, if so, if the date of fertilization could be retrieved from the ring analysis. The contents in N, Mg, P, K, Ca and Mn were measured for each of the 43 sampled trees and in every ring of the 58-year long chronology with a non-destructive method coupling a Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscope (WDS) with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed significantly higher contents in Ca and lower contents in Mn in fertilized compared to control trees. However, there was no difference in elemental content between the rings of the fertilized trees built in the 20 years before and those built after fertilization. Thus, whereas the effect of fertilization on increasing ring width was dramatic, immediate and relatively short-lasting, the elemental composition of the entire ring sequence was impacted, precluding the dating of the event. These results question the possibility to reconstruct long-term changes in soil fertility based on dendrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Durand
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Rose
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dupouey
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Stéphane Ponton
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France.
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13
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Ortega Rodriguez DR, de Almeida E, Tomazello-Filho M, Pereira de Carvalho HW. Space-resolved determination of the mineral nutrient content in tree-rings by X-ray fluorescence. Sci Total Environ 2020; 708:134537. [PMID: 31791745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) offers rapid, multi-elemental, low cost and non-destructive elemental analysis. Different studies have used this technique to investigate distribution and concentration of essential and deleterious elements in vegetation. Special emphasis has been recently placed on the key aspects concerning sampling processes, laboratory protocols and calibration methods for quantitative analysis. The aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative methodology to determine the nutrient content in Pinus taeda tree-rings by XRF. Using a 1 mm X-ray excitation beam from a Rh X-ray tube at 30 kV and 600 μA, and dwell time of 20 s, we present calibration curves for P, S, K, Ca, Mn and Fe based on multi-elemental standard addition using wood matrix of 17-year-old Pinus taeda trees. Satisfactory recoveries of our XRF approach for Ca, P, Mn, S and K (<115%), and tolerable for Fe (123%) were obtained compared to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry results. The non-destructive and quantitative XRF method allows assessing annual element concentrations of P. taeda trees, in order to provide tools for monitoring the nutrient dynamic in an experimental plantation. Furthermore, a method for elemental quantification based on multi-elemental standard addition using wood matrix is described as a useful procedure for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez
- Univ. of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Forest Resource, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo de Almeida
- Univ. of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Av Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Mario Tomazello-Filho
- Univ. of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Forest Resource, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
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14
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Garvin MC, Schijf J, Kaufman SR, Konow C, Liang D, Nigra AE, Stracker NH, Whelan RJ, Wiles GC. A survey of trace metal burdens in increment cores from eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) across a childhood cancer cluster, Sandusky County, OH, USA. Chemosphere 2020; 238:124528. [PMID: 31425869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A dendrochemical study of cottonwood trees (Populus deltoides) was conducted across a childhood cancer cluster in eastern Sandusky County (Ohio, USA). The justification for this study was that no satisfactory explanation has yet been put forward, despite extensive local surveys of aerosols, groundwater, and soil. Concentrations of eight trace metals were measured by ICP-MS in microwave-digested 5-year sections of increment cores, collected during 2012 and 2013. To determine whether the onset of the first cancer cases could be connected to an emergence of any of these contaminants, cores spanning the period 1970-2009 were taken from 51 trees of similar age, inside the cluster and in a control area to the west. The abundance of metals in cottonwood tree annual rings served as a proxy for their long-term, low-level accumulation from the same sources whereby exposure of the children may have occurred. A spatial analysis of cumulative metal burdens (lifetime accumulation in the tree) was performed to search for significant 'hotspots', employing a scan statistic with a mask of variable radius and center. For Cd, Cr, and Ni, circular hotspots were found that nearly coincide with the cancer cluster and are similar in size. No hotspots were found for Co, Cu, and Pb, while As and V were largely below method detection limits. Whereas our results do not implicate exposure to metals as a causative factor, we conclude that, after 1970, cottonwood trees have accumulated more Cd, Cr, and Ni, inside the childhood cancer cluster than elsewhere in Sandusky County.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Garvin
- Oberlin College, Department of Biology, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA
| | - Johan Schijf
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD, 20688, USA.
| | - Sonya R Kaufman
- Oberlin College, Department of Biology, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA
| | - Courtney Konow
- Oberlin College, Department of Biology, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD, 20688, USA
| | - Anne E Nigra
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Norberth H Stracker
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 1830 East Monument St., Room 442, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rebecca J Whelan
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 140D McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Gregory C Wiles
- The College of Wooster, Department of Earth Sciences, 944 College Hall, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
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15
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Muñoz AA, Klock-Barría K, Sheppard PR, Aguilera-Betti I, Toledo-Guerrero I, Christie DA, Gorena T, Gallardo L, González-Reyes Á, Lara A, Lambert F, Gayo E, Barraza F, Chávez RO. Multidecadal environmental pollution in a mega-industrial area in central Chile registered by tree rings. Sci Total Environ 2019; 696:133915. [PMID: 31461694 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the most polluted areas in Chile is the Ventanas Industrial Area (VIA; 32.74°S / 71.48°W), which started in 1958 and today comprises around 16 industries in an area of ca. 4 km2. A lack of consistent long-term instrumental records precludes assessing the history of contamination in the area and also limits the evaluation of mitigation actions taken since the late 1980s. Here, we use dendrochemistry as an environmental proxy to analyze environmental changes over several decades at the VIA. We present chemical measurements of tree rings from planted, exotic Cupressus macrocarpa growing near the VIA with 4-year resolution over a period of 52 years (1960-2011). These data provide unprecedented information on regional anthropogenic pollution and are compared with a tree-ring elemental record of 48 years (1964-2011) from the Isla Negra (INE) control site not exposed to VIA emissions. For the 48 years of overlap between both sites, higher concentrations of Zn, V, Co, Cd, Ag, Fe, Cr, and Al were especially registered after the year 2000 at VIA compared to INE for the periods under study. Concentrations of Pb, Cu, As, Fe, Mo, Cr, and Zn increased through time, particularly over the period 1980-1990. Decontamination plans activated in 1992 appear to have had a positive effect on the amount of some elements, but the chemical concentration in the tree rings suggest continued accumulation of pollutants in the environment. Only after several years of implementation of the mitigation measures have some elements tended to decrease in concentration, especially at the end of the evaluated period. Dendrochemistry is a useful tool to provide a long-term perspective of the dynamics of trace metal pollution and represents a powerful approach to monitor air quality variability to extend the instrumental records back in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2241, Valparaíso, Chile; Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Karin Klock-Barría
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2241, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Paul R Sheppard
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America.
| | - Isabella Aguilera-Betti
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2241, Valparaíso, Chile; Centro Transdisciplinario de Estudios Ambientales y Desarrollo Humano Sostenible (CEAM), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Isadora Toledo-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2241, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Duncan A Christie
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Tamara Gorena
- Centro de Tecnologías Ambientales, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Laura Gallardo
- Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Álvaro González-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Chile; Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Antonio Lara
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile; Fundación Centro de los Bosques Nativos FORECOS, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Fabrice Lambert
- Departamento de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Eugenia Gayo
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Francisco Barraza
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Roberto O Chávez
- Laboratorio de Geo-Información y Percepción Remota, Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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16
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Hevia A, Sánchez-Salguero R, Camarero JJ, Querejeta JI, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Gazol A. Long-term nutrient imbalances linked to drought-triggered forest dieback. Sci Total Environ 2019; 690:1254-1267. [PMID: 31470488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Drought-induced forest dieback is causing reductions in productivity, increasing tree mortality and impairing terrestrial carbon uptake worldwide. However, the role played by long-term nutrient imbalances during drought-induced dieback is still unknown. To improve our knowledge on the relationships between dieback and nutrient imbalances, we analysed wood anatomical traits (tree-ring width and wood density), soil properties and long-term chemical information in tree-ring wood (1900-2010) by non-destructive Micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) and destructive (ICP-OES) techniques. We studied two major European conifers with ongoing drought-induced dieback in mesic (Abies alba, silver fir) and xeric (Pinus sylvestris, Scots pine) sites. In each site we compared coexisting declining (D) and non-declining (ND) trees. We used dendrochronology and generalized additive and linear mixed models to analyse trends in tree-ring nutrients and their relationships with wood traits. The D trees presented lower growth and higher minimum wood density than ND trees, corresponding to a smaller lumen area of earlywood tracheids and thus a lower theoretical hydraulic conductivity. These differences in growth and wood-anatomy were more marked in silver fir than in Scots pine. Moreover, most of the chemical elements showed higher concentrations in D than in ND trees during the last two-five decades (e.g., Mn, K and Mg), while Ca and Na increased in the sapwood of ND trees. The Mn concentrations, and related ratios (Ca:Mn, Mn:Al and P:Mn) showed the highest differences between D and ND trees for both tree species. These findings suggest that a reduced hydraulic conductivity, consistent with hydraulic impairment, is affecting the use of P in D trees, making them more prone to drought-induced damage. The retrospective quantifications of Mn ratios may be used as early-warning signals of impending dieback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hevia
- Forest and Wood Technology Research Centre (CETEMAS), Pumarabule, Carbayín, s/n, 33936 Siero, Asturias, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Universidad de Huelva, Crta. Palos-La Rábida s/n, 21819 Palos de la Frontera, Spain; Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
- Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José I Querejeta
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda
- Depto. Ciencias Agroforestales, iUFOR-Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain; Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Austruy A, Yung L, Ambrosi JP, Girardclos O, Keller C, Angeletti B, Dron J, Chamaret P, Chalot M. Evaluation of historical atmospheric pollution in an industrial area by dendrochemical approaches. Chemosphere 2019; 220:116-126. [PMID: 30579948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a dendrochemical study in order to evaluate the exposure of territories and populations to different types of pollutants and to characterise the history of pollution in one of the most intensely industrialised areas of Europe: the industrial port zone of Fos, also heavily urbanised. To perform the study, two tree species have been selected, Pinus halepensis and Populus nigra, on a rural plot located roughly 20 km away from the industrial harbour, an urban plot located in the city of Fos-sur-Mer and an industrial plot. Our study indicated that poplar was a more relevant model for the dendrochemical studies, exhibiting a higher bioaccumulation capacity than pine except for Hg, Sb and Mn. Moreover, thanks to this work, we observed significant exposure of the trees in the urban and industrial areas to As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Sb, Zn, Al, Ca, and Mg, highlighting the exposure of the territory and populations living in the vicinity of the industrial harbour. The temporal variability of the concentrations measured in the tree rings corresponds to the increasing industrialisation of the territory as well as to the evolution of the industrial processes. Thus, this project highlighted the exposure of the Gulf of Fos to atmospheric emissions (industrial, road and urban) of the industrial harbour as well as the changes over time. It also pointed out the relevance of using dendrochemistry to measure atmospheric exposure of metals and metalloids and its temporal variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Austruy
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour La Connaissance des Pollutions - Centre de Vie La Fossette, RD 268, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France.
| | - L Yung
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire Du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 Place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211, Montbéliard, France
| | - J P Ambrosi
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Technopôle de L'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, BP80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - O Girardclos
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire Du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 Place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211, Montbéliard, France
| | - C Keller
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Technopôle de L'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, BP80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - B Angeletti
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Technopôle de L'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, BP80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - J Dron
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour La Connaissance des Pollutions - Centre de Vie La Fossette, RD 268, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - P Chamaret
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour La Connaissance des Pollutions - Centre de Vie La Fossette, RD 268, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - M Chalot
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire Du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 Place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211, Montbéliard, France
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18
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Türtscher S, Grabner M, Berger TW. Reconstructing Soil Recovery from Acid Rain in Beech ( Fagus sylvatica) Stands of the Vienna Woods as Indicated by Removal of Stemflow and Dendrochemistry. Water Air Soil Pollut 2019; 230:30. [PMID: 30739961 PMCID: PMC6341050 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-018-4065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our goal was to reconstruct soil recovery from Acid Rain based upon removal of stemflow at beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands of known historic and recent soil status. Fourteen beech stands in the Vienna Woods were selected in 1984 and again in 2012 to study changes in soil and foliar chemistry over time. A part of those stands had been strip cut, and to assess reversibility of soil acidification, we analyzed soils around beech stumps from different years of felling, representing the years when acidic stemflow ceased to affect the soil. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that changes of soil chemistry are reflected in the stemwood of beech. Half-decadal samples of tree cores were analyzed for Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Fe, and Al. Soil analyses indicated recovery in the top soil of the stemflow area but recovery was delayed in the between trees areas and deeper soil horizons. Differences in soil pH between proximal and distal area from beech stumps were still detectable after 30 years indicating that soils may not recover fully from acidification or do so at a rather slow rate. Stemwood contents indicated mobilization of base cations during the early 80s followed by a steady decrease thereafter. Backward reconstructions of soil pH and soil nutrients, building on regressions between recent stemwood and soil chemistry, could not be verified by measured soil data in 1984, but matched with declining cation foliar contents from 1984 to 2012. Dendrochemical reconstructions showed highest values in the 1980s, but measured soil exchangeable cation contents were clearly lower in 1984. Hence, we conclude that our reconstructions mimicked soil solution rather than soil exchanger chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Türtscher
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Live Sciences (BOKU), Peter Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grabner
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering (MAP), Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Live Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Torsten W. Berger
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Live Sciences (BOKU), Peter Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Locosselli GM, Chacón-Madrid K, Zezzi Arruda MA, Pereira de Camargo E, Lopes Moreira TC, Saldiva de André CD, Afonso de André P, Singer JM, Nascimento Saldiva PH, Buckeridge MS. Tree rings reveal the reduction of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb pollution in the central region of São Paulo, Brazil. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:320-328. [PMID: 29990939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The concern about environmental pollution has risen in the last decades because of its effects on human's health. However, evaluation of the exposure to certain pollutants is currently hampered by the availability of past environmental data. Tree rings are an alternative to reconstruct environmental variability of pre-instrumental periods. Nevertheless, this approach has some reported limitations including migration of chemical elements in the tree rings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of Cd, Cu, Hg, Na, Ni, Pb, Zn in the tree rings of Tipuana tipu (Fabaceae) to aid the reconstruction of past environmental pollution. We sampled trees in the central region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and scanned their tree rings using LA-ICP-MS. We used these data to evaluate the temporal trends of chemical elements under investigation. Results show a non-random distribution of these chemical elements within the tree rings, with higher content in the cell-walls of vessels and lower content in the fibers. Sodium was the only element intimately related to the axial parenchyma cells. Due to differences in elemental composition of xylem cells, temporal trends where evaluated using distinct quartiles of data distribution in each tree ring. The first quartile represents the lower content found in fibers and parenchyma, while the third quartile corresponds to the higher content found in vessels. Data from vessels better represent the decreasing trend of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Ni in the last three decades. This reduction is less significant for Na and Zn. Our results highlight the potential to improve the records of environmental pollution using data from different cells. Pronounced reduction in Pb may be attributed to the lead phase-out in gasoline, while the decreasing trend of Cd, Cu, Ni pollution is probably related to increasing efficiency of vehicles and the deindustrialization of São Paulo. Chemical elements are non-randomly distributed in tree rings. Chemical content of vessels cell-walls is a reliable record of metal pollution, which is decreasing in São Paulo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Maselli Locosselli
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Evelyn Pereira de Camargo
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Julio M Singer
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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20
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Hevia A, Sánchez-Salguero R, Camarero JJ, Buras A, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Galván JD, Gutiérrez E. Towards a better understanding of long-term wood-chemistry variations in old-growth forests: A case study on ancient Pinus uncinata trees from the Pyrenees. Sci Total Environ 2018; 625:220-232. [PMID: 29289770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendrochemical studies in old forests are still underdeveloped. Old trees growing in remote high-elevation areas far from direct human influence constitute a promising biological proxy for the long-term reconstructions of environmental changes using tree-rings. Furthermore, centennial-long chronologies of multi-elemental chemistry at inter- and intra-annual resolution are scarce. Here, we use a novel non-destructive method by applying Micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) to wood samples of old Pinus uncinata trees from two Pyrenean high-elevation forests growing on acidic and basic soils. To disentangle ontogenetic (changes in tree age and diameter) from environmental influences (e.g., climate warming) we compared element patterns in sapwood (SW) and heartwood (HW) during the pre-industrial (1700-1849) and industrial (1850-2008) periods. We quantified tree-ring growth, wood density and relative element concentrations at annual (TRW, tree-ring) to seasonal resolution (EW, earlywood; LW, latewood) and related them to climate variables (temperature and precipitation) and volcanic eruptions in the 18th and 19th centuries. We detected differences for most studied elements between SW and HW along the stem and also between EW and LW within rings. Long-term positive and negative trends were observed for Ca and K, respectively. Cl, P and S showed positive trends during the industrial period. However, differences between sites were also notable. Higher values of Mg, Al, Si and the Ca/Mn ratio were observed at the site with acidic soil. Growing-season temperatures were positively related to growth, maximum wood density and to the concentration of most elements. Peaks in S, Fe, Cl, Zn and Ca were linked to major volcanic eruptions (e.g., Tambora in 1815). Our results reveal the potential of long-term wood-chemistry studies based on the μXRF non-destructive technique to reconstruct environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hevia
- Forest and Wood Technology Research Centre (CETEMAS), Pumarabule, Carbayín, s/n, 33936 Siero, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
- Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Allan Buras
- Professorship of Ecoclimatology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - J Diego Galván
- Ionplus AG, Lerzenstrasse 12, 8953 Dietikon, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Gutiérrez
- Dept. Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Univ. Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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McHugh KC, Widom E, Spitz HB, Wiles GC, Glover SE. Uranium mobility across annual growth rings in three deciduous tree species. J Environ Radioact 2018; 182:183-189. [PMID: 29150189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Black walnut (Juglans nigra), slippery elm (Ulmus rubra), and white ash (Fraxinus americana) trees were evaluated as potential archives of past uranium (U) contamination. Like other metals, U mobility in annual growth rings of trees is dependent on the tree species. Uranium concentrations and isotopic compositions (masses 234, 235, 236, and 238) were analyzed by thermal ionization mass spectrometry to test the efficacy of using tree rings to retroactively monitor U pollution from the FFMPC, a U purification facility operating from 1951 to 1989. This study found non-natural U (depleted U and detectable 236U) in growth rings of all three tree species that pre-dated the start of operations at FFMPC and compositional trends that did not correspond with known contamination events. Therefore, the annual growth rings of these tree species cannot be used to reliably monitor the chronology of U contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C McHugh
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, 118 Shideler Hall, 250 S. Patterson Ave., Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Elisabeth Widom
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, 118 Shideler Hall, 250 S. Patterson Ave., Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Henry B Spitz
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 598 Rhodes Hall, P.O. Box 210072, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Gregory C Wiles
- Department of Geology, The College of Wooster, Scovel Hall, 944 College Mall, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Sam E Glover
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 598 Rhodes Hall, P.O. Box 210072, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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22
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Jung R, Ahn YS. Distribution of Mercury Concentrations in Tree Rings and Surface Soils Adjacent to a Phosphate Fertilizer Plant in Southern Korea. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 99:253-257. [PMID: 28536797 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine mercury concentrations in tree rings and surface soils at distances of 4, 26 and 40 km from a fertilizer plant located in Yeosu City, Korea. Mercury concentrations in all tree rings were low prior to the establishment of the plant in 1977 and became elevated thereafter. The highest average mercury concentration in the tree rings was 11.96 ng g-1 at the Yeosu site located nearest to the plant, with the lowest average mercury concentration of 4.45 ng g-1 at the Suncheon site furthest away from the plant. In addition, the highest mercury content in the surface soil was 108.51 ng cm-3 at the Yeosu site, whereas the lowest mercury content in the surface soil was 31.47 ng cm-3 at the Suncheon site. The mercury levels decreased gradually with increasing distance from the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raae Jung
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Ahn
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Navrátil T, Šimeček M, Shanley JB, Rohovec J, Hojdová M, Houška J. The history of mercury pollution near the Spolana chlor-alkali plant (Neratovice, Czech Republic) as recorded by Scots pine tree rings and other bioindicators. Sci Total Environ 2017; 586:1182-1192. [PMID: 28237461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We assessed >100years of mercury (Hg) pollution recorded in the tree rings of Scots Pine near a Czech chlor-alkali plant operating since 1941. Hg concentrations in tree rings increased with the launching of plant operations and decreased when Hg emissions decreased in 1975 due to an upgrade in production technology. Similar to traditional bioindicators of pollution such as pine needles, bark and forest floor humus, Hg concentrations in Scots Pine boles decreased with distance from the plant. Mean Hg in pine bole in the 1940s ranged from 32.5μg/kg Hg at a distance of 0.5km from the plant to 5.4μg/kg at a distance of >4.7km, where tree ring Hg was the same as at a reference site, and other bioindicators also suggest that the effect of the plant was no longer discernible. Tree ring Hg concentrations decreased by 8-29μg/kg since the 1940s at all study sites including the reference site. The lack of exact correspondence between changes at the plant and tree ring Hg indicated some smearing of the signal due to lateral translocation of Hg from sapwood to heartwood. Bole Hg concentrations reflected local and regional atmospheric Hg concentrations, and not Hg wet deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Navrátil
- Institute of Geology of CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Šimeček
- Institute of Geology of CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Rohovec
- Institute of Geology of CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Hojdová
- Institute of Geology of CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Houška
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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24
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Scharnweber T, Hevia A, Buras A, van der Maaten E, Wilmking M. Common trends in elements? Within- and between-tree variations of wood-chemistry measured by X-ray fluorescence - A dendrochemical study. Sci Total Environ 2016; 566-567:1245-1253. [PMID: 27267719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Element composition of annually resolved tree-rings constitutes a promising biological proxy for reconstructions of environmental conditions and pollution history. However, several methodological and physiological issues have to be addressed before sound conclusions can be drawn from dendrochemical time series. For example, radial and vertical translocation processes of elements in the wood might blur or obscure any dendrochemical signal. In this study, we tested the degree of synchronism of elemental time series within and between trees of one coniferous (Pinus sylvestris L.) and one broadleaf (Castanea sativa Mill.) species growing in conventionally managed forests without direct pollution sources in their surroundings. Micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) analysis was used to establish time series of relative concentrations of multiple elements (Mg, Al, P, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe and Ni) for different stem heights and stem exposures. We found a common long-term (decadal) trend for most elements in both species, but only little coherence in the high frequency domain (inter-annual variations). Aligning the element curves by cambial age instead of year of ring formation reduced the standard deviations between the single measurements. This points at an influence of age on longer term trends and would require a detrending in order to extract any environmental signal from dendrochemical time series. The common signal was stronger for pine than for chestnut. In pine, many elements show a concentration gradient with higher values towards the tree crown. Mobility of elements in the stem leading to high within- and between-tree variability, as well as a potential age-trend apparently complicate the establishment of reliable dendrochemical chronologies. For future wood-chemical studies, we recommend to work with element ratios instead of single element time series, to consider potential age trends and to analyze more than one sample per tree to account for internal variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Andrea Hevia
- Forests and Wood Technology Research Centre - CETEMAS, Finca Experimental La Mata s/n, 33825 Grado, Asturias, Spain
| | - Allan Buras
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ernst van der Maaten
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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25
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Maillard F, Girardclos O, Assad M, Zappelini C, Pérez Mena JM, Yung L, Guyeux C, Chrétien S, Bigham G, Cosio C, Chalot M. Dendrochemical assessment of mercury releases from a pond and dredged-sediment landfill impacted by a chlor-alkali plant. Environ Res 2016; 148:122-126. [PMID: 27038833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Although current Hg emissions from industrial activities may be accurately monitored, evidence of past releases to the atmosphere must rely on one or more environmental proxies. We used Hg concentrations in tree cores collected from poplars and willows to investigate the historical changes of Hg emissions from a dredged sediment landfill and compared them to a nearby control location. Our results demonstrated the potential value of using dendrochemistry to record historical Hg emissions from past industrial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Maillard
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement (UMR 6249), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 Place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France
| | - Olivier Girardclos
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement (UMR 6249), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 Place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France
| | - Mohamad Assad
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement (UMR 6249), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 Place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France
| | - Cyril Zappelini
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement (UMR 6249), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 Place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France
| | - Julia Maria Pérez Mena
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement (UMR 6249), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 Place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France
| | - Loïc Yung
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement (UMR 6249), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 Place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France
| | - Christophe Guyeux
- Département d'Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, Institut FEMTO-ST (UMR 6174 CNRS), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Chrétien
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Besancon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Gary Bigham
- Exponent, Inc., 15375 SE 30th Place, Suite 250, Bellevue, WA 98007, USA
| | - Claudia Cosio
- Institute F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, 10 Route de Suisse, CP 416, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Michel Chalot
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement (UMR 6249), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 Place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France; Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
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26
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Odabasi M, Tolunay D, Kara M, Ozgunerge Falay E, Tuna G, Altiok H, Dumanoglu Y, Bayram A, Elbir T. Investigation of spatial and historical variations of air pollution around an industrial region using trace and macro elements in tree components. Sci Total Environ 2016; 550:1010-1021. [PMID: 26855354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Several trace and macro elements (n=48) were measured in pine needle, branch, bark, tree ring, litter, and soil samples collected at 27 sites (21 industrial, 6 background) to investigate their spatial and historical variation in Aliaga industrial region in Turkey. Concentrations generally decreased with distance from the sources and the lowest ones were measured at background sites far from major sources. Spatial distribution of anthropogenic trace elements indicated that their major sources in the region are the iron-steel plants, ship-breaking activities and the petroleum refinery. Patterns of 40 elements that were detected in most of the samples were also evaluated to assess their suitability for investigation of historical variations. Observed increasing trends of several trace and macro elements (As, Cr, Fe, Mo, Ni, V, Cu, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Hg) in the tree-ring samples were representative for the variations in anthropogenic emissions and resulting atmospheric concentrations in Aliaga region. It was shown that lanthanides (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb) could also be used for the investigation of historical variations due to specific industrial emissions (i.e., petroleum refining). Results of the present study showed that tree components, litter, and soil could be used to determine the spatial variations of atmospheric pollution in a region while tree rings could be used to assess the historical variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Odabasi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Doganay Tolunay
- Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, 34470 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melik Kara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Ozgunerge Falay
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Tuna
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Altiok
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yetkin Dumanoglu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Bayram
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tolga Elbir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey
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Märten A, Berger D, Köhler M, Merten D. The dendroanalysis of oak trees as a method of biomonitoring past and recent contamination in an area influenced by uranium mining. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:19417-19425. [PMID: 26104903 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We reconstructed the contamination history of an area influenced by 40 years of uranium mining and subsequent remediation actions using dendroanalysis (i.e., the determination of the elemental content of tree rings). The uranium content in the tree rings of four individual oak trees (Quercus sp.) was determined by laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). This technique allows the investigation of trace metals in solid samples with a spatial resolution of 250 μm and a detection limit below 0.01 μg/g for uranium. The investigations show that in three of the four oaks sampled, there were temporally similar uranium concentrations. These were approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher (0.15 to 0.4 μg/g) than those from before the period of active mining (concentrations below 0.01 μg/g). After the mining was terminated and the area was restored, the uranium contents in the wood decreased by approximately 1 order of magnitude. The similar radial uranium distribution patterns of the three trees were confirmed by correlation analysis. In combination with the results of soil analyses, it was determined that there was a heterogeneous contamination in the forest investigated. This could be confirmed by pre-remediation soil uranium contents from literature. The uranium contents in the tree rings of the oaks investigated reflect the contamination history of the study area. This study demonstrates that the dendrochemical analysis of oak tree rings is a suitable technique for investigating past and recent uranium contamination in mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Märten
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Burgweg 11, 07749, Jena, Germany.
| | - Dietrich Berger
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Burgweg 11, 07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Mirko Köhler
- WISMUT GmbH, Jagdschänkenstraße 29, 09117, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dirk Merten
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Burgweg 11, 07749, Jena, Germany
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Kuang YW, Li J, Hou EQ. Lipid-content-normalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the xylem of conifers can indicate historical changes in regional airborne PAHs. Environ Pollut 2015; 196:53-59. [PMID: 25299794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The temporal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations as well as the lipid content in the xylem of Masson pine trees sampled from the same site were determined and compared with the days of haze occurrence and with the historical PAHs reported in sedimentary cores. The patterns of the lipid content as well as the PAH concentrations based on the xylem dry weight (PAHs-DW) decreased from the heartwood to the sapwood. The trajectories of PAHs normalized by xylem lipid content (PAHs-LC) coincided well with the number of haze-occurred days and were partly similar with the historical changes in airborne PAHs recorded in the sedimentary cores. The results indicated that PAHs-LC in the xylem of conifers might reliably reflect the historical changes in airborne PAHs at a regional scale. The species-specificity should be addressed in the utility and application of dendrochemical monitoring on historical and comparative studies of airborne PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-wen Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
| | - Jiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
| | - En-qing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
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Hietz P, Horsky M, Prohaska T, Lang I, Grabner M. High-resolution densitometry and elemental analysis of tropical wood. Trees (Berl West) 2014; 29:487-497. [PMID: 26146458 PMCID: PMC4480964 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-014-1126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Understanding the mobility and distribution of chemical elements in wood is necessary to apply dendrochemistry. Crystals are likely stable and could be used to analyze changes in nutrient supply. ABSTRACT Dendrochemistry uses the variation in wood chemical composition to infer about past environmental conditions and possible effects on tree growth. Elemental or isotopic variation might also help to identify annual growth where tree rings are anatomically not distinct. However, most elements are-to a certain degree-mobile within wood and may be related to anatomical structures. Therefore, understanding what affects elemental distribution is important to make use of and critically assess the potential of dendrochemistry. We studied the variation of wood density and elements at high spatial resolution in wood of six species with anatomically distinct to rather indistinct tree rings from a Thai monsoon forest. Many elements had a higher concentration in parenchyma than in fiber cells, and the co-variation of elements differed strongly between elements and also between species. Strong wood density changes along the ring boundary were found only in Melia azedarach. In all species, the X-ray images showed crystals. EDX spectra showed that these consist of calcium or silicon (in Chukrasia tabularis) as major elemental components. A high concentration of heavy metals (Fe, Cu and Zn) was found in Vitex peduncularis. We conclude that at least for the species studied the radial variation of elemental concentration is unlikely to reveal annual rings that anatomy could not. However, if elements in crystals are more stable than in cell walls or living protoplasts, analyzing the distribution of elements present in crystals may show environmental conditions that, in turn, influence crystal formation and are little known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Horsky
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Ingeborg Lang
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grabner
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Smith KT, Balouet JC, Shortle WC, Chalot M, Beaujard F, Grudd H, Vroblesky DA, Burken JG. Dendrochemical patterns of calcium, zinc, and potassium related to internal factors detected by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Chemosphere 2014; 95:58-62. [PMID: 24034830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) provides highly sensitive and precise spatial resolution of cation content in individual annual growth rings in trees. The sensitivity and precision have prompted successful applications to forensic dendrochemistry and the timing of environmental releases of contaminants. These applications have highlighted the need to distinguish dendrochemical effects of internal processes from environmental contamination. Calcium, potassium, and zinc are three marker cations that illustrate the influence of these processes. We found changes in cation chemistry in tree rings potentially due to biomineralization, development of cracks or checks, heartwood/sapwood differentiation, intra-annual processes, and compartmentalization of infection. Distinguishing internal from external processes that affect dendrochemistry will enhance the value of EDXRF for both physiological and forensic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Smith
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 271 Mast Road, Durham, NH 03824, United States.
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