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Hosseini FS, Kharazmi F, Davarani SSH, Ebrahimzadeh H. Easy and fast synthesis of MnCo-LDH yolk-shell spheres porous composites applied electrospinning nanofibers highly effective for extracting triazole fungicides. Food Chem 2024; 448:139001. [PMID: 38579554 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Today, the wide utilization of triazole fungicides due to environmental damage and its side effects has raised global concern. Thus, in this investigation, polyacrylonitrile/MnCo-layered double hydroxides nanofiber was synthesized and applied as an effective and novel adsorbent at thin-film solid-phase micro-extraction technique for the quick and concurrent extraction of five triazole fungicides in fruit and vegetable samples before quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. The incorporation of MnCo-layered double hydroxides with porous structure and abundant functional groups in a polymer medium improves the extraction efficiency of nanofibers owing to hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions formed between analytes and synthesized nano-adsorbent. Various important elements that affect the extraction efficiency of the intended analytes were optimized using a time-variable approach. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection and quantification range from 0.1 to 0.15 and 0.3-0.5 ng mL-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farbod Kharazmi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Homeira Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Evin, Tehran, Iran
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Kumar N, Nie V, Palaniappan K, Bohatko-Naismith J. Insecticide exposure and associated acute health effects in farmers in a rice growing district of India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39046520 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2382305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated insecticide usage and associated acute health hazards in rice farming in Odisha, India. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 139 participants, in the post-monsoon period, 2023. The participants were overwhelmingly male, mostly aged 30 and over, with basic literacy and a range of educational attainment, three-quarters ceasing education by 10th grade and a significant number never attending school. Most farmers/farmworkers used low or moderately toxic insecticides in low doses, typically 3 times/year. However, uptake of appropriate PPE was poor when mixing and applying insecticides. Almost two-thirds (63.4%) of participants reported discomfort/illness after insecticide exposure. Over 90% reported up to 3 symptoms, most experiencing skin irritation. The reported health symptoms were significantly higher among those who ate and drank during insecticide application, compared to those who did not. The number of symptoms reported was also significantly higher in participants who had seen or heard of community insecticide poisoning cases in the previous 12 months, compared with those who had not. Further research is needed on barriers to using effective PPE and on information and training on risks and controls of insecticide exposure that are appropriate for rice farmers in Odisha, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishikanta Kumar
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Valerie Nie
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kavitha Palaniappan
- Centre of Regulatory Excellence, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Gautam R, Priyadarshini E, Patel AK, Arora T. Assessing the impact and mechanisms of environmental pollutants (heavy metals and pesticides) on the male reproductive system: a comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2024; 42:126-153. [PMID: 38240636 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2302738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The escalation of technological advancements, coupled with the increased use of hazardous chemicals, has emerged as a significant concern for human health. Exposure to environmental pollutants like heavy metals and pesticides (insecticides, herbicides and fungicides) is known to significantly contribute to various health problems, particularly affecting reproductive health. Disturbances in reproductive potential and reproductive toxicity in males are particularly worrisome. Existing literature suggests that exposure to these environmental pollutants significantly alters male reproductive parameters. Thus, it is imperative to thoroughly analyze, comprehend, and evaluate their impact on male reproductive toxicity. Oxidative stress and disruptions in redox equilibrium are major factors through which these pollutants induce changes in sperm parameters and affect the reproductive system. Insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides act as endocrine disruptors, interfering with the secretion and function of reproductive hormones such as testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), consequently impacting spermatogenesis. Additionally, heavy metals are reported to bio-accumulate in reproductive organs, acting as endocrine disruptors and triggering oxidative stress. The co-operative association of these pollutants can lead to severe damage. In this comprehensive review, we have conducted an in-depth analysis of the impact of these environmental pollutants on the male reproductive system, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gautam
- Division of RCN, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Arbind Kumar Patel
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Taruna Arora
- Division of RCN, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Alshemmari H, Al-Kasbi MM, Kavil YN, Orif MI, Al-Hulwani EK, Al-Darii RJ, Al-Shukaili SM, Al-Balushi FAA, Chakraborty P. New and legacy pesticidal persistent organic pollutants in the agricultural region of the Sultanate of Oman. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132205. [PMID: 37604036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive air and surface soil monitoring was conducted for new and legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) to fill the knowledge and data gap on the sources and fate of pesticidal persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Sultanate of Oman. DDTs in agricultural soil samples ranged from 0.013 to 95.80 ng/g (mean: 8.4 ± 25.06 ng/g), with a median value of 0.07 ng/g. The highest concentration was observed at Shinas, where intensive agricultural practice is prevalent. The dominance of p,p'-DDT in soil and air reflected technical DDT formulation usage in Oman. Among newly enlisted POPs, pentachlorobenzene had the maximum detection frequency in air (47%) and soil (41%). Over 90% of sites reflected extensive past use of hexachlorobenzene. Major OCP isomers and metabolites showed net volatilisation from the agricultural soil, thereby indicating concurrent emission and re-emission processes from the soil of Oman. However, the cleansing effect of oceanic air mass is the possible reason for relatively lower atmospheric OCP levels from a previous study. Although DDT displayed maximum cancer risk, the level is below the permissible limit. DDT primarily stemmed from obsolete stock and inadequate management practices. Hence, we suggest there is a need for DDT regulation in Oman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshemmari
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat 13109, State of Kuwait; Stockholm Convention Regional Center for Capacity-Building and the Transfer of Technology for West Asia (SCRC-Kuwait), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat 13109, State of Kuwait
| | - Mohammed M Al-Kasbi
- Department of Chemical and Waste Management, Environment Authority, PO. Box 323, Muscat P.C:100, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Yasar N Kavil
- Stockholm Convention Regional Center for Capacity-Building and the Transfer of Technology for West Asia (SCRC-Kuwait), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat 13109, State of Kuwait; Marine Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed I Orif
- Marine Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam K Al-Hulwani
- Department of Chemical and Waste Management, Environment Authority, PO. Box 323, Muscat P.C:100, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rawya J Al-Darii
- Department of Chemical and Waste Management, Environment Authority, PO. Box 323, Muscat P.C:100, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Suleiman M Al-Shukaili
- Department of Chemical and Waste Management, Environment Authority, PO. Box 323, Muscat P.C:100, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Fawaz A A Al-Balushi
- Department of Chemical and Waste Management, Environment Authority, PO. Box 323, Muscat P.C:100, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate Change (REACH), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India.
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Sine H, Bouchriti Y, Sine H, Achbani A. Comparison of Biochemical, Haematological and Plasmatic Butyrylcholinesterase Parameters in Farmers and Non-Farmers, Morocco. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:181. [PMID: 37694257 PMCID: PMC10492594 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_370_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The long-term use of pesticides can cause harmful consequences to both human health and the environment. In the present research, we aimed to compare biochemical, hematological, and plasmatic measurements of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) between farmers and non-farmers. Materials and Methods The study is cross-sectional and included 270 participants, with 135 farmers using pesticides and a control population of 135 non-farmers. The recruitment of the participants was conducted from August 2017 to the end of December 2019. Blood samples from participants were collected for the evaluation of biochemical markers of the function of the liver and determination of BChE activity. A whole blood sample with ethylenediamine tetraacetic anticoagulant (EDTA) was also taken for a complete blood count. Results The results showed a statistically significant (P = 0.03) decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in the cases (28.45 ± 2.94 pg) as compared with controls (29.17 ± 2.54 pg). The statistical analysis of the renal parameters between the two groups determined that the uremia value was significantly higher in cases (34 ± 12 mg/dL) when compared to the control group (29 ± 8 mg/dL) P < 0.001. The cases recorded a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (26.22 ± 11.59 U/L) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (25.63 ± 13.47 U/L) enzyme activities among cases versus controls. The results obtained showed a significantly decreased BChE activity in the group of cases exposed to pesticides (7554.52 ± 2107 U/l) compared to the unexposed control group (10135.58 ± 1909 U/l) (t-test, P < 0.001). Conclusion The education of the farmers on correct practices concerning phytosanitary use has the potential of reducing their exposure to these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnaa Sine
- Department Life and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Hayat Sine
- Department Life and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane Achbani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
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Park E, Lee J, Lee HS, Kim JH, Shin Y. Simple and rapid method for 336 multiresidual pesticide analysis in saliva, determination of their chemical stabilities, and biomonitoring of farmers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136725. [PMID: 36208804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous multiresidual pesticide analysis of saliva samples was performed using scaled-down QuEChERS extraction with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. The optimum extraction procedure using acidified acetonitrile was applicable to 336 pesticides (287 for LC-MS/MS and 49 for GC-MS/MS). To determine pesticide multiresidues in saliva, 100 μL of the sample was extracted with 200 μL of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, and the initial extract was partitioned with 40 mg of MgSO4 and 10 mg of NaCl. The organic supernatants (120 μL) were then mixed with acetonitrile (30 μL) for matrix-matching (4:1, v/v), and the final extract solution was injected into the LC-MS/MS (4 μL) and GC-MS/MS (2 μL) systems. The established analytical method showed a good LOQs between 5 and 25 ng/mL with reliable accuracy/precision values and recovery results (50-140%) for the target pesticides. Under the two different storage conditions, most of the analytes did not undergo chemical changes in the saliva samples, whereas some pesticides were more stable in freeze-thaw processes than those left at room temperature. Biomonitoring of farmers (ten mixers and ten sprayers) was successfully applied using the validated method, and two carbamates (fenobucarb and propamocarb) were determined at trace concentrations (12.5-675.0 ng/mL from 11 positively detected samples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Park
- Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiho Lee
- Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- Drug Metabolism and Bioanalysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Shin
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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Nur G, Caylak E, Kilicle PA, Sandayuk S, Celebi OO. Immunohistochemical distribution of Bcl-2 and p53 apoptotic markers in acetamiprid-induced nephrotoxicity. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1788-1796. [DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pesticides, which adversely affect the critical metabolic processes of organisms, disrupt the physiological balance by specifically targeting enzymes and may lead to such consequences that may lead to death. It provides benefits in agricultural activities. The p53 protein antagonizes bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein character, and induces apoptosis by causing mitochondrial membrane permeability. This study aims to show the effect of acetamiprid, which is an insecticide from the neonicotinoid class, on bcl-2 and p53 immunoreactivity, which has an important place in the apoptotic mechanism in kidney tissue. A total of four groups including control and three experimental groups (the acetamiprid was administered 5, 10, and 15 mg kg−1) were formed in the study. After acetamiprid was administered via gavage for 14 days, the kidney tissues taken from the mice, which were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution for histological and immunohistochemical analyses, and as a result of routine tissue follow-up, the sections were blocked in paraffin and stained with haematoxylin–eosin and immunostaining. The histopathological examinations revealed that while the kidney tissue had a normal structure in the control group, degeneration in the distal and proximal tubules, glomerular degeneration, increase in the capsular area, glomerular atrophy, and haemorrhage were determined in the acetamiprid groups at increasing severity and frequency depending on the dose of the applied substance. In the kidney tissue, Bcl-2 and p53 immunoreactivity was observed in glomerular cells, sinusoidal epithelium, and proximal and distal tubule cells. The acetamiprid caused pathological changes in the kidneys in the dose range used. This effect also affects the expression of bcl-2 and p53 genes, which are biomarkers in the apoptotic mechanism. As acetamiprid accumulates in tissues, it increases the expression of p53 from cell death receptors, while suppressing the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Nur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iskenderun Technical University , Hatay , Turkey
| | - Emrah Caylak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Girne American University , Kyrenia , Cyprus
| | - Pinar Aksu Kilicle
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kafkas University , Kars , Turkey
| | - Safak Sandayuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kafkas University , Kars , Turkey
| | - Ozlem Onen Celebi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kafkas University , Kars , Turkey
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Johnson RAB, Hann K, Leno A, Timire C, Bangura AJA, George MIZ, Davtyan H, Satyanarayana S, Nair D, Mansaray AHD, Bangura FI, Kanu JS, Edwards JK. Pesticide Importation in Sierra Leone, 2010–2021: Implications for Food Production and Antimicrobial Resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084792. [PMID: 35457659 PMCID: PMC9026402 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There are no previous studies reporting the type and quantity of pesticides for farming from Sierra Leone and the impact of Ebola or COVID-19 on importation. This study reviewed imported farming pesticides by the Sierra Leone, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), between 2010–2021. It was a descriptive study using routinely collected importation data. We found the MAF imported pesticides for farming only during 2010, 2014 and 2021, in response to growing food insecurity and associated with Ebola and COVID-19 outbreaks. Results showed insecticide importation increased from 6230 L in 2010 to 51,150 L in 2021, and importation of antimicrobial pesticides (including fungicides) increased from 150 kg in 2010 to 23,560 kg in 2021. The hazard class risk classification of imported pesticides decreased over time. Increasing amounts of imported fungicides could increase the risk of future fungal resistance among humans. We found that in responding to escalating food insecurity, the government dramatically increased the amount of pesticide importation to improve crop production. Further support is necessary to decrease the risk of worsening food shortages and the possible threat of emerging antimicrobial resistance. We recommend continued monitoring and surveillance, with further studies on the most appropriate response to these multiple challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymonda A. B. Johnson
- Crop Protection Unit, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Brookfields, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone
- Crop Protection Department, School of Agriculture, Njala University, Bo 00232, Sierra Leone
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +232-76271030 or +232-77894640
| | - Katrina Hann
- Sustainable Health Systems, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone;
| | - Amara Leno
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nation, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone;
| | - Collins Timire
- International Union against TB and Lung Disease (The Union), 75006 Paris, France; (C.T.); (S.S.); (D.N.)
| | | | | | - Hayk Davtyan
- Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan 0014, Armenia;
| | - Srinath Satyanarayana
- International Union against TB and Lung Disease (The Union), 75006 Paris, France; (C.T.); (S.S.); (D.N.)
| | - Divya Nair
- International Union against TB and Lung Disease (The Union), 75006 Paris, France; (C.T.); (S.S.); (D.N.)
| | - Alie H. D. Mansaray
- Crops Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ground Floor, West Wing, Youyi Building, Brookfields, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone;
| | - Fatmata I. Bangura
- Epidemiology Unit—Livestock and Veterinary Services Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Brookfields, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone;
| | - Joseph S. Kanu
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone;
| | - Jeffrey K. Edwards
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;
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Rodrigues LCC, Fortini RM, C. R. Neves M. Impacts of the use of biological pest control on the technical efficiency of the Brazilian agricultural sector. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2022; 20:1-16. [PMID: 35284000 PMCID: PMC8902737 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-022-04032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper aimed to assess the impact of the intensive use of biological control on the technical efficiency of the Brazilian agricultural sector. The study also considered the influence of factors such as technical assistance, rural financing, and membership in cooperatives or class entities on efficiency measures. It was estimated stochastic production frontiers for regions intensively using and not using biological control, considering potential selection bias. Results demonstrate that areas with intensive use of biological pest management have a 0.863 technical efficiency score, while this score is 0.823 for nonintensive areas. This means that the intensive regions would be closer to their efficiency frontiers. Additionally, technical assistance and membership in cooperative or class entities increase efficiency by 6 and 2.5%, respectively. It can be concluded that the intensive adoption of biological control can raise the productive performance of the Brazilian agricultural sector. Therefore, it must be highlighted the importance of formulating joint policies (e.g., credit+rural extension) for the adoption of biological control to be a feasible option to promote the sustainable development of the Brazilian agricultural sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. C. C. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Economia Rural, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/no, Viçosa, MG CEP 36570-900 Brazil
| | - R. M. Fortini
- Departamento de Economia Rural, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/no, Viçosa, MG CEP 36570-900 Brazil
| | - M. C. R. Neves
- Departamento de Economia Rural, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/no, Viçosa, MG CEP 36570-900 Brazil
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The effectiveness of educational interventions aimed at agricultural workers' knowledge, behaviour, and risk perception for reducing the risk of pesticide exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1167-1178. [PMID: 35103845 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational interventions aimed at agricultural workers' knowledge, behaviour, and risk perception for reducing the risk of pesticide exposure. METHOD All studies published in the English language between the years 2000 and 2020 were screened on relevant databases. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Randomised controlled studies (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the PICOS criteria were included. In line with the PRISMA flow diagram, 38 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool. A random-effects model was applied and Hedge's g was used to calculate effect size. FINDINGS Five of the included studies are RCTs, two are cluster RCTs, 17 are quasi-experimental studies with experimental and control groups, and 14 have single-group pretest-posttest study designs. Educational interventions had a large effect on knowledge level (Hedge's g = 0.890), a medium effect on behaviour level (Hedge's g = 0.707), and a small effect on risk perception (Hedge's g = 0.377). No publication bias was detected. The largest effect of educational interventions on both knowledge and behaviour levels belonged to studies grounded on a theoretical basis and carried out between the years 2011 and 2020. CONCLUSION It was determined that educational interventions are an appropriate method for reducing the pesticide exposure risks of agricultural workers. To increase the effectiveness of these interventions, it is recommended that consideration is given to a theoretical basis, the use of multiple education components, and evidence-based practices.
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Afata TN, Mekonen S, Shekelifa M, Tucho GT. Prevalence of Pesticide Use and Occupational Exposure Among Small-Scale Farmers in Western Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302211072950. [PMID: 35095275 PMCID: PMC8793388 DOI: 10.1177/11786302211072950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the prevalence of pesticide use and its occupational exposure among small-scale farmers in the Kellem Wellega Zone of western Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study design using a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 249 small-scale farmers' households through face-to-face interviews. Statistical analysis such as descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis was applied, and a P-value <.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of pesticide use was 87.15%. About 44.2%, 40.2%, and 43.8% of the study participants were classified as having poor knowledge, poor practice, and negative attitude toward pesticide use, respectively. Thus, small-scale farmers whose age was greater than 40 years were 7.87 times more likely to be exposed to skin irritation than those whose age was less than 20 years (AOR = 7.87; 95% CI: 1.75-35.45) and skin contact (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15-0.91). Most farmers who were directly involved in agriculture were 2.22 times more likely to be exposed to the inhalation of pesticide chemicals than those involved in another activity (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.14-4.33). Based on educational level, small-scale farmers who have a primary school and above were 81% less likely to inhale pesticide chemicals than those who did not have formal education (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.09-0.41). Furthermore, low-income small-scale farmers were 2.62 times more likely to be exposed to coughing (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.25-5.51) than high-income participants. Furthermore, farmers with good knowledge were 1.79 times more likely to be exposed to skin irritation than those with poor knowledge (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.0-3.17). Farmers with poor practice were 1.85 times more likely to show coughing symptoms than those with good practice (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.08-3.2), and farmers with good practice were 48% less likely to be exposed to headache than those with poor practice (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.31-0.88). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that small-scale farmers were exposed to pesticides through coughing, headache, skin irritation, inhalation, and skin contact. Low level of knowledge, poor practice, job, low income, older age, and educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Neme Afata
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Dambi Dollo Teachers College, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Seblework Mekonen
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Miftahe Shekelifa
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Terefe Tucho
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Oliveira-Mendonça LS, Mendes ÉA, Castro JO, Silva MM, Santos AG, Kaneto CM, Dias SO, Allaman IB, Vannier-Santos MA, Silva JF, Augusto DG, Anjos DOD, Santos NAS, Lima KP, Horta MF, Albuquerque GR, Costa MGC, Silva-Jardim I, Santos JLD. Trichoderma stromaticum spores induce autophagy and downregulate inflammatory mediators in human peripheral blood-derived macrophages. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100145. [PMID: 35909603 PMCID: PMC9325901 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T. stromaticum biocontrol agent induces autophagy, up-regulating autophagy-related genes T. stromaticum modulates expression of micro RNAs that control imune response T. stromaticum dow-nregulates expression of TLR2, TLR4, CLEC7A, NLRP3, IL-10, IL1β and IL18 T. stromaticum modulates ROS production
Trichoderma spp. are usually considered safe and normally used as biocontrol and biofertilization. Safety for human health is evaluated by several tests that detect various effects such as allergenicity, toxicity, infectivity, and pathogenicity. However, they do not evaluate the effects of the agent upon the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between T. stromaticum spores and mammalian cells to assess the immunomodulatory potential of the spores of this fungus. First, mouse macrophage cell line J774 and human macrophages were exposed to fungal spores and analyzed for structural features, through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Then, various analysis were performed in human macrophages as to their effect in some functional and molecular aspects of the immune system through immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and gene expression assays. We demonstrated that T. stromaticum spores induces autophagy and autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and downmodulate inflammatory mediators, including ROS, NLRP3, the cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, IL-12 and IL-10, as well as TLR2, TLR4, miR-146b and miR-155, which may lead to an augmented susceptibility to pathogens. Our study shows the extension of damages the biofungicide Tricovab® can cause in the innate immune response. Further studies are necessary to elucidate other innate and adaptive immune responses and, consequently, the safety of this fungus when in contact with humans.
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Bondori A, Bagheri A, Sookhtanlou M, Damalas CA. Modeling farmers' intention for safe pesticide use: the role of risk perception and use of information sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66677-66686. [PMID: 34235696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intention for safe pesticide use plays a crucial role in the mode of pesticide spraying, but several factors are involved in the formation of intention by farmers. This work focused on the levels of farmers' perception of pesticide risks (i.e., toxicity levels, health, and environmental effects) and utilization of information sources and examined their impact on intention for safe pesticide use in rural Iran. Most farmers (53%) showed low levels of risk perception by pesticide use and reported poor use of the available information sources about pesticides. Pesticide retailers were mentioned as the primary information point of farmers. In addition, almost half of the farmers (49.2%) expressed worryingly negative intention for safe pesticide use. Perception of pesticide risks and utilization of information sources were significantly correlated with age and spraying experience (P < 0.01), while intention for safe pesticide use was significantly correlated with farming experience (P < 0.05) and spraying experience (P < 0.05). Analysis with structural equation modeling showed that perception of pesticide risks and use of information sources together explained 80% of the variability in farmers' intention. Moreover, perception of pesticide risks (P < 0.01) and employment of information sources (P < 0.05) had a positive relationship with intention for safe handling of pesticides, thus showing a predictive link with intention. Therefore, promoting farmers' perception of pesticide risks and providing credible information sources are essential for improving intention for safe pesticide use among farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolmohammad Bondori
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Asghar Bagheri
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Sookhtanlou
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Christos A Damalas
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece.
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Hu LX, Olaitan OJ, Li Z, Yang YY, Chimezie A, Adepoju-Bello AA, Ying GG, Chen CE. What is in Nigerian waters? Target and non-target screening analysis for organic chemicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131546. [PMID: 34323804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging organic contaminants (e.g., active pharmaceutical ingredients and personal care products ingredients) are ubiquitous in the environment and potentially harmful to ecosystems, have gained increasing public attention worldwide. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of data on these contaminants in Africa. In this study, various types of water samples (wastewater, surface water and tap water) collected from Lagos, Nigeria were analyzed for these chemicals by both target and non-target analysis on an UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS. In total, 109 compounds were identified by non-target screening using the online database mzCloud. Level 1 identification confidence was achieved for 13 compounds for which reference standards were available and level 2 was achieved for the rest. In the quantitative analysis, 18 of 38 target compounds were detected, including the parent compounds and their metabolites. Acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, acesulfame, and caffeine were detected in all samples with their highest concentrations at 8000, 5300, 16, and 7700 μg/L in wastewater, 140000, 3300, 7.7, and 12000 μg/L in surface water, and 66, 62, 0.17 and 1000 μg/L in tap water, respectively. The occurrence of psychoactive substances, anticancer treatments, antiretrovirals, antihypertensives, antidiabetics and their metabolites were reported in Nigeria for the first time. These results indicate poor wastewater treatment and management in Nigeria, and provide a preliminary profile of organic contaminants occurring in Nigerian waters. The findings from this study urge more future research on chemical pollution in the aquatic environments in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Hu
- Environmental Research Institute / School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Olatunde James Olaitan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Environmental Research Institute / School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Anyakora Chimezie
- School of Science and Technology, Pan Atlantic University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Guang-Guo Ying
- Environmental Research Institute / School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chang-Er Chen
- Environmental Research Institute / School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Afata TN, Mekonen S, Tucho GT. Evaluating the Level of Pesticides in the Blood of Small-Scale Farmers and Its Associated Risk Factors in Western Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2021; 15:11786302211043660. [PMID: 34531662 PMCID: PMC8438929 DOI: 10.1177/11786302211043660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of agricultural pesticide residue can cause adverse health effects.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the level of pesticides in the blood of small-scale farmers (SSFs) and associated risk factors in western Ethiopia. METHODS Across sectional study was conducted in June 2020 using 240 blood samples, 140 from the exposed small-scale farmers (ESSFs) and 100 from non-exposed small-scale farmers (NESSFs). The blood sample analysis was mad for 5 organochlorines (OCs) and 3 synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) pesticides by gas-liquid chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) methods. Extraction, and clean up of the samples were made by using standard analytical methods. To define the relationships between the outcomes and explanatory variables, logistic regression models were used. RESULTS The results shows that p,p'-DDT, heptachlor and deltamethrin were the most frequently detected pesticides with 96.4%, 95%, and 100% in both ESSFs and NESSFs, respectively. The ESSFs blood samples have shown the highest mean concentrations of permethrin and p,p'-DDT(1.26 ± 0.15) and (0.28 ± 0.4) mgL-1, respectively. SSFs under the age of 40 were 21% less likely to be exposed to permethrin than those above the age of 40 (Adjusted Odd Ratio, AOR, 0.21; 95% CI: 0.1-0.44). Male SSFs were 17 times more likely to be exposed to heptachlor than females (AOR, 17.36; 95%CI: 7.34-41.09) and farmers with no formal education were 18 times more likely to be exposed to deltamethrin than those with primary schools and beyond (AOR, 18.1; 95 %CI: 4.53-72.06). Furthermore, SSFs that did not use PPE appropriately were 3.6 and 6.21 times more likely to be exposed to cypermethrin (AOR, 3.6; 95%CI: 1.94-6.54) and p,p'-DDE(AOR, 6.21; 95%CI: 3.38-11.41) blood levels than those who did, respectively. SSFs that perform different activities like eating and drinking (11%), chewing (10%), and diverse activities (8%) were more likely to be exposed to p,p'-DDT than those farmers who didn't use pesticides. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a high concentration p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, heptachlor, cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin in the blood of small scale farmers. The older age, less education, and farmers with inappropriate PPE use are more likely exposed to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Neme Afata
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Ethiopia
- Dambi Dollo Teachers College, Oromia region, Ethiopia
| | - Seblework Mekonen
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Terefe Tucho
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Ethiopia
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Norkaew S, Phanprasit W, Robson MG, Woskie S, Buckley BT. Estimating Occupational Exposure to VOCs, SVOCs, Particles and Participant Survey Reported Symptoms in Central Thailand Rice Farmers Using Multiple Sampling Techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9288. [PMID: 34501879 PMCID: PMC8431457 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thailand is known for its agricultural productivity and rice exportation. Most farms use small machines and manual labor, creating potential exposure to multiple health hazards. A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure pollutants liberated during preparation, pesticide application, and harvesting. Thirty rice farmers, mostly males from 41 to 50 years old, participated. The participant survey data showed that 53.3% of the respondents spent >2 h per crop on preparation, <1 h on pesticide application, and about 1-2 h harvesting; 86.7% of the respondents maintained and stored mechanical applicators at home, suggesting possible after-work exposures. Gloves, fabric masks, boots, and hats were worn during all activities, and >90% wore long sleeved shirts and pants. VOCs and SVOCs were collected using charcoal tubes and solid phase micro sample extraction (SPME). An analysis of the charcoal and SPME samplers found that 30 compounds were detected overall and that 10 were in both the charcoal tubes and SPME samplers. The chemicals most often detected were 1, 1, 1 Trichloro ethane and xylene. Additionally, farmers experienced the highest exposure to particulates during harvesting. These results demonstrated that farmers experience multiple exposures while farming and that risk communication with education or training programs may mitigate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowanee Norkaew
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng 12121, Thailand
| | - Wantanee Phanprasit
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Mark Gregory Robson
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Brian T. Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Rutgers, NJ 08854, USA;
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Research status and regulatory challenges of persistent organic pollutants in Sierra Leone. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Magsi FH, Luo Z, Zhao Y, Li Z, Cai X, Bian L, Chen Z. Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Dasychira baibarana (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) to Tea Plant Volatiles. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:589-598. [PMID: 33677497 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tea black tussock moth, Dasychira baibarana (Matsumura) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), is a devastating pest species of the tea plant in China. Here, we evaluated the responses of D. baibarana to tea plant volatiles using gas chromatography coupled electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), eleclectroantennography (EAG), and a Y-tube olfactometer. In total, 11 of 18 analyzed compounds elicited GC-EAD responses from test insects. GC-EAD bio-active compounds were further investigated using EAG and behavioral responses. In the EAG analysis, male moths had significantly greater responses to four compounds [(Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, ocimene and benzyl alcohol] than female moths. For females, maximum EAG amplitudes, were recorded in response to linalool, (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate and (Z)-jasmone. In EAG and behavioral bio-assays, the responses of both sexes were dose independent. In behavioral bio-assays male moths responding significantly to (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, ocimene, (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, linalool, benzyl alcohol, and (Z)-jasmone at various concentrations. For females, significant behavioral responses were observed to (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate, followed by (Z)-jasmone, linalool, ocimene, and benzyl alcohol. However, neither sex was sensitive to 4 of the 11 tested compounds, phenyethyl alcohol, phenylacetonitrile, (E)-nerolidol, and indole. The present results showed that tea plant volatiles influenced the behavior of D. baibarana moths, which will greatly contribute in developing eco-friendly control strategies for D. baibarana, through the application of a blend of compounds that showed significant EAG and behavioral responses or a blend combined with female-produced sex pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fida Hussain Magsi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxiu Luo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqun Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
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Guo H, Sun F, Pan C, Yang B, Li Y. The Deviation of the Behaviors of Rice Farmers from Their Stated Willingness to Apply Biopesticides-A Study Carried Out in Jilin Province of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6026. [PMID: 34205130 PMCID: PMC8199950 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The substitution of chemical pesticides by biopesticides is crucial to ensure the quality of agricultural products and to foster environmental sustainability. This study takes the willingness and the behaviors of rice farmers on the application of biopesticides as the research object. The survey questionnaire was designed based on the theory of rational small-scale farmers from three aspects: "individual and family characteristics of farmers", "cognition of farmers" and "external factors". The survey was then conducted on 163 rice farmers in seven prefecture-level cities in Jilin Province of China. The logistic model was used to analyze the influencing factors resulting in the deviation of the behaviors of the rice farmers from their initial willingness on the application of biopesticides. The explanatory structure model (ISM) was used to analyze the logical hierarchical relationship among various influencing factors. The results show that: (1) For 45% of the farmers surveyed, there's a deviation between their willingness and behaviors regarding the application of biopesticides; (2) Among the significant factors leading to the deviation between farmers' willingness and behaviors concerning the application of biopesticides, the surface-level direct factor is biopesticide awareness. The mid-level indirect factors are agricultural product quality and safety awareness and the deep-level root cause is farmers' education level. (3) The primary reason for the deviation of the farmers' behaviors from their willingness is their lack of knowledge about biopesticides and the biopesticides' incomplete market structure. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is recommended to improve the professionalization of the farmers, to strengthen the publicity of green production and to accelerate the formulation of the biopesticides market to further promote the usage of biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Guo
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China; (H.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Fanhui Sun
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China; (H.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Chulin Pan
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China; (H.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Baiming Yang
- Changchun Guoxin Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Shuangyang District, Changchun 130600, China; (B.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yin Li
- Changchun Guoxin Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Shuangyang District, Changchun 130600, China; (B.Y.); (Y.L.)
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20
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Lovison Sasso E, Cattaneo R, Rosso Storck T, Spanamberg Mayer M, Sant'Anna V, Clasen B. Occupational exposure of rural workers to pesticides in a vegetable-producing region in Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25758-25769. [PMID: 33469792 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The health of family farmers is at risk due to occupational exposure to pesticides. The aims of the current study were to investigate the level of farmers' perception of risks associated with pesticide use and to assess their health condition based on biochemical and immunological tests. Family farmers living in a vegetable-producing region in Southern Brazil were selected to participate in the study. More than 70% of the family farmers were often exposed to more than one type of pesticides; 41.2% were intensively using several pesticides for more than one decade and 74.4% were not using personal protective equipment (PPE) at the time of pesticide handling due to low perception of the risks posed by these chemicals. Enzymatic analysis performed in participants' blood samples showed changes in catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, in lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and carbonylated protein levels, as well as in chemoattractant (IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) interleukin expression. Low perception of health-related risks posed by pesticides can be attributed to factors such as low schooling and lack of information, which put farmers' health at risk, as evidenced by blood biochemical and immunological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Lovison Sasso
- Postgraduate Program in Environment and Sustainability (PPGAS), Environmental Toxicology Research Group, State University of Rio Grande do Sul, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Medicinal Plants, Postgraduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS), University of Cruz Alta, Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Rosso Storck
- Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Engineering (PPGEAmb), Technology Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, n. 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Spanamberg Mayer
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Medicinal Plants, Postgraduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS), University of Cruz Alta, Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Voltaire Sant'Anna
- Postgraduate Program in Environment and Sustainability (PPGAS), Environmental Toxicology Research Group, State University of Rio Grande do Sul, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara Clasen
- Postgraduate Program in Environment and Sustainability (PPGAS), Environmental Toxicology Research Group, State University of Rio Grande do Sul, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil.
- Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Engineering (PPGEAmb), Technology Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, n. 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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21
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Riascos-Flores L, Bruneel S, Van der Heyden C, Deknock A, Van Echelpoel W, Forio MAE, De Saeyer N, Vanden Berghe W, Spanoghe P, Bermudez R, Dominguez-Granda L, Goethals P. Polluted paradise: Occurrence of pesticide residues within the urban coastal zones of Santa Cruz and Isabela (Galapagos, Ecuador). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142956. [PMID: 33129533 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although pesticides are frequently used for agriculture in the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), there are, to date, no investigations of pesticide occurrences in its coastal waters. We examined the presence of pesticide residues in the coastal waters of urban areas in two islands of the Galapagos archipelago using a repeated sampling design. Quantification was performed by solid-phase extraction, followed by chemical analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The diversity and concentration of pesticide residues in Santa Cruz island were higher compared to Isabela island. In total, sixteen pesticides were detected, including three persistent organic pollutants. Carbendazim (23.93 μg·L-1), cadusafos (4.74 μg·L-1), DDT (2.99 μg·L-1), diuron (1.61 μg·L-1) and aldrin (1.55 μg·L-1) were detected with the highest concentrations between samples. Repetitions in locations show that concentrations of pesticide residues varied considerably in space and time. Comparison with local products indicated agricultural activities on the islands as a possible source. Furthermore, evaluation through ecological risk quotients showed that the observed concentration levels of seven pesticides pose a relatively high risk for three biotic groups (i.e. algae, invertebrates and fishes). Taken together, this study provides insights into the need to regulate, monitor and assess the presence of pesticides in the islands. At a global scale, this study is moreover valuable for the many islands that are facing the same challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin Riascos-Flores
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador.
| | - Stijn Bruneel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine Van der Heyden
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University College Ghent, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Deknock
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Van Echelpoel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Anne Eurie Forio
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy De Saeyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rafael Bermudez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador; International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, Principality of Monaco, Monaco; Galapagos Marine Research and Exploration, GMaRE. Joint ESPOL-CDF program, Charles Darwin Research Station, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Luis Dominguez-Granda
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Peter Goethals
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Li C, Zhang J, Ren Z, Xie R, Yin C, Ma W, Zhou F, Chen H, Lin Y. Development of 'multiresistance rice' by an assembly of herbicide, insect and disease resistance genes with a transgene stacking system. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1536-1547. [PMID: 33201594 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weeds, diseases and pests pose serious threats to rice production and cause significant economic losses. Cultivation of rice varieties with resistance to herbicides, diseases and pests is believed to be the most economical and environmentally friendly method to deal with these problems. RESULTS In this study, a highly efficient transgene stacking system was used to assembly the synthetic glyphosate-tolerance gene (I. variabilis-EPSPS*), lepidopteran pest resistance gene (Cry1C*), brown planthopper resistance genes (Bph14* and OsLecRK1*), bacterial blight resistance gene (Xa23*) and rice blast resistance gene (Pi9*) onto a transformable artificial chromosome vector. The construct was transferred into ZH11 (a widely used japonica rice cultivar Zhonghua 11) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and 'multiresistance rice' (MRR) with desirable agronomic traits was obtained. The results showed that MRR had significantly improved resistance to glyphosate, borers, brown planthopper, bacterial blight and rice blast relative to the recipient cultivar ZH11. Besides, under the natural occurrence of pests and diseases in the field, the yield of MRR was significantly higher than that of ZH11. CONCLUSION A multigene transformation strategy was employed to successfully develop rice lines with multiresistance to glyphosate, borers, brown planthopper, bacterial blight and rice blast, and the obtained MRR is expected to have great application potential. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Ren
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Xie
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Luzhou Branch of National Rice Improvement Center, Deyang, China
| | - Changxi Yin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Herrero Fernández Z, Estevez Álvarez JR, Montero Álvarez A, Muñiz Ugarte O, Pupo González I, Rodríguez González M, Dos Santos Júnior JA, Bezerra MBCF, Dos Santos Junior OP. Metal contaminants in rice from Cuba analyzed by ICP-MS, ICP-AES and CVAAS. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2021; 14:59-65. [PMID: 33441053 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2020.1870576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic are considered hazardous pollutants in the environment, which can result in a risk for human health. This study aimed to determine the contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn by ICP-MS, CVAAS and ICP-AES in paddy and brown rice, grown in different soils of Cuba. The interest to include Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn was because these elements are found in very high levels in agricultural soils. To assess the safety of the dietary intake of these metals, the estimated weekly intake was calculated. The contents of Cd and As were below the maximum limits. A higher value was obtained for Pb when compared to Codex Alimentarius limits. The weekly intake of Cr and Ni was higher than the maximum weekly intake recommended by FAO/WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahily Herrero Fernández
- Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Centre for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN) , Havana, Cuba.,Department of Nuclear Energy (UFPE/DEN), Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Alfredo Montero Álvarez
- Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Centre for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN) , Havana, Cuba
| | - Olegario Muñiz Ugarte
- Deparment of Nuclear Energy, Institute of Soils (IS) Highway Costa-Costa and Carretera de Vento , Havana, Cuba
| | - Iván Pupo González
- Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Centre for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN) , Havana, Cuba
| | - Maydel Rodríguez González
- Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Centre for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN) , Havana, Cuba
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de-Assis MP, Barcella RC, Padilha JC, Pohl HH, Krug SBF. Health problems in agricultural workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. Rev Bras Med Trab 2021; 18:352-363. [PMID: 33597986 PMCID: PMC7879472 DOI: 10.47626/1679-4435-2020-532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural workers are susceptible to several health problems as a result of occupational exposure to toxic substances, especially pesticides. The aim of this review was to describe the health issues associated with occupational exposure to pesticides in agricultural workers. A descriptive study, in the form of an integrative literature review, was conducted based on articles retrieved from the LILACS, SciELO and PubMed databases, published between January 2015 and October 2018. The searches were conducted using the keywords "pesticides," "workers' health," "occupational exposure" and "agricultural workers." The study was guided by the following research question: what health problems do agricultural workers experience as a result of occupational exposure to pesticides? The screening process led to the selection of 35 studies performed in several countries and continents, all of which shed light on the vulnerability of agricultural workers, especially due to the misuse of personal protective equipment and lack of knowledge about the correct use of these devices. The studies investigated a variety of health issues, and most reported a positive association between these conditions, which include cancer, and the use of pesticides. Educational and preventive measures must be implemented to promote the health of rural workers. Furthermore, it is crucial that governments play an active role in these initiatives and provide alternatives to pesticides for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Portela de-Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel Cristine Barcella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Janaína Chiogna Padilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Hildegard Hedwig Pohl
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Suzane Beatriz Frantz Krug
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
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25
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Zhou Z, Liu J, Zeng H, Zhang T, Chen X. How does soil pollution risk perception affect farmers' pro-environmental behavior? The role of income level. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 270:110806. [PMID: 32507737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution is a serious environmental issue in China. As a key subject of agricultural practices, promoting Chinese farmers' Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) through increasing their soil pollution risk perception is an important means for soil protection, agricultural transformation and ecological development. In this study, we distinguish four dimensions of soil pollution risk perception: fact perception (FP), loss perception (LP), cause perception (CP) and response behavior ability perception (RBAP). We conceptualize a model that depicts the relationships between the four dimensions of Chinese farmers' soil pollution risk perception and their PEB and the moderating effect of farms' household income level on these relationships. Using a questionnaire survey to collect empirical data, we find: first, the four dimensions of Chinese farmers' soil pollution risk perception have positive effects on their PEB; second, Chinese farmers' household income level positively moderates the relationships between their FP, LP and CP and their PEB but its moderating effect on the relationship between their RBAP and their PEB is not significant. Relevant theory and policy implications for environmental management are discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhou
- School of Business, Central South University, China
| | - Jinhao Liu
- School of Business, Central South University, China
| | | | - Tao Zhang
- Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Loughborough University London, UK.
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26
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Debela SA, Wu J, Chen X, Zhang Y. Stock status, urban public perception, and health risk assessment of obsolete pesticide in Northern Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:25837-25847. [PMID: 31250392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used chemicals in the agricultural sector to control pests, diseases, and other plant pathogens. This study aimed to assess the storage conditions of pesticides, the community perception, and health risk of pesticide exposure. The study was conducted in three different zonal cities in Ethiopia, East Africa, namely Mekelle, Aksum, and Alamata. Community perception was studied in a community living near a pesticide stockpile with a cross-sectional study of 384 randomly selected households. In addition, questionnaires were administered, a field investigation was conducted, and focused group discussions with responsible bodies were held to assess storage condition. Accidental ingestion and inhalation were considered to determine average daily exposure (ADE) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). This study reveals that all obsolete and banned hazardous pesticides were stored in one area. The storage sites were only secured with simple locks and exposed to rain, sunlight, and temperature variation. The majority of the residents perceived that pesticides pose risk to human health (46.6%), to the environment (28.4%), and to animals (25%). The association between residence proximity of respondents to the store and side effect of obsolete pesticides is statistically significant (p = 0.008). Children aged 2 years and below have higher ADE when exposed to the same concentration of contaminant via inhalation. The probability of a person developing cancer was very low with a risk value of 2.54E-08 and 1.65E-07 as a result of exposure to air containing heptachlor and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisay Abebe Debela
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyao Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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27
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Mitchell EG, Crout NMJ, Wilson P, Wood ATA, Stupfler G. Operating at the extreme: estimating the upper yield boundary of winter wheat production in commercial practice. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191919. [PMID: 32431880 PMCID: PMC7211843 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wheat farming provides 28.5% of global cereal production. After steady growth in average crop yield from 1950 to 1990, wheat yields have generally stagnated, which prompts the question of whether further improvements are possible. Statistical studies of agronomic parameters such as crop yield have so far exclusively focused on estimating parameters describing the whole of the data, rather than the highest yields specifically. These indicators include the mean or median yield of a crop, or finding the combinations of agronomic traits that are correlated with increasing average yields. In this paper, we take an alternative approach and consider high yields only. We carry out an extreme value analysis of winter wheat yield data collected in England and Wales between 2006 and 2015. This analysis suggests that, under current climate and growing conditions, there is indeed a finite upper bound for winter wheat yield, whose value we estimate to be 17.60 tonnes per hectare. We then refine the analysis for strata defined by either location or level of use of agricultural inputs. We find that there is no statistical evidence for variation of maximal yield depending on location, and neither is there statistical evidence that maximum yield levels are improved by high levels of crop protection and fertilizer use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Mitchell
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Neil M. J. Crout
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Paul Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Andrew T. A. Wood
- Research School of Finance, Actuarial Studies and Statistics, Australian National University, 26C Kingsley Street, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Gilles Stupfler
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Univ Rennes, Ensai, CNRS, CREST - UMR 9194, 35000 Rennes, France
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Kudavidanage EP, Dissanayake DMI, Keerthirathna WLR, Nishshanke NLW, Peiris LDC. Commercial Formulation of Chlorpyrifos Alters Neurological Behaviors and Fertility. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9030049. [PMID: 32156097 PMCID: PMC7150932 DOI: 10.3390/biology9030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are known to result in toxic insult. We aimed to evaluate Judo 40, the commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos on the neurological activities, fertility, and hormone levels of male rats. Male Wistar rats were treated orally with 1 mL of 20 or 50 mg/kg Judo 40. The doses were administered four times, twice a day. Sexual and exploratory behavior indices, fertility indices, serum androgen levels, blood acetylcholinesterase (BChE) levels, and neurological and muscular effects were evaluated. Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone were significantly reduced in the rats receiving 50 mg/kg Judo 40. A reduction in viable implantation sites and live pups born were evident in the female rats mated with the male rats treated with the highest dose. Similarly, in the rats treated with the highest dose of Judo 40, a significant reduction in plasma BChE enzyme was observed. According to the results, prolonged Judo 40 exposure can cause impairment of the neurological alterations and sex hormones leading to impaired fertility. Therefore, chemical handlers should be educated on protection and risk minimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoka P. Kudavidanage
- Department of Natural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University, Belhiloya 70140, Sri Lanka;
| | - D. M. I. Dissanayake
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences (Center for Biotechnology), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (D.M.I.D.); (W.L.R.K.); (N.L.W.N.)
| | - W. L. Rangi Keerthirathna
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences (Center for Biotechnology), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (D.M.I.D.); (W.L.R.K.); (N.L.W.N.)
| | - N. Lasni Wathima Nishshanke
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences (Center for Biotechnology), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (D.M.I.D.); (W.L.R.K.); (N.L.W.N.)
| | - L. Dinithi C. Peiris
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences (Center for Biotechnology), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (D.M.I.D.); (W.L.R.K.); (N.L.W.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +94-714-018-537
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29
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Joubert BR, Mantooth SN, McAllister KA. Environmental Health Research in Africa: Important Progress and Promising Opportunities. Front Genet 2020; 10:1166. [PMID: 32010175 PMCID: PMC6977412 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization in 2016 estimated that over 20% of the global disease burden and deaths were attributed to modifiable environmental factors. However, data clearly characterizing the impact of environmental exposures and health endpoints in African populations is limited. To describe recent progress and identify important research gaps, we reviewed literature on environmental health research in African populations over the last decade, as well as research incorporating both genomic and environmental factors. We queried PubMed for peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, or books examining environmental exposures and health outcomes in human populations in Africa. Searches utilized medical subheading (MeSH) terms for environmental exposure categories listed in the March 2018 US National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, which includes chemicals with worldwide distributions. Our search strategy retrieved 540 relevant publications, with studies evaluating health impacts of ambient air pollution (n=105), indoor air pollution (n = 166), heavy metals (n = 130), pesticides (n = 95), dietary mold (n = 61), indoor mold (n = 9), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs, n = 0), electronic waste (n = 9), environmental phenols (n = 4), flame retardants (n = 8), and phthalates (n = 3), where publications could belong to more than one exposure category. Only 23 publications characterized both environmental and genomic risk factors. Cardiovascular and respiratory health endpoints impacted by air pollution were comparable to observations in other countries. Air pollution exposures unique to Africa and some other resource limited settings were dust and specific occupational exposures. Literature describing harmful health effects of metals, pesticides, and dietary mold represented a context unique to Africa. Studies of exposures to phthalates, PFASs, phenols, and flame retardants were very limited. These results underscore the need for further focus on current and emerging environmental and chemical health risks as well as better integration of genomic and environmental factors in African research studies. Environmental exposures with distinct routes of exposure, unique co-exposures and co-morbidities, combined with the extensive genomic diversity in Africa may lead to the identification of novel mechanisms underlying complex disease and promising potential for translation to global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie R Joubert
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Kimberly A McAllister
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
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30
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Zhang M, Zhu Z, Yuan S, Wang S, Yang C, Dwivedi P, Si T, Xu RX. One-step microencapsulation and spraying of pesticide formulations for improved adhesion and sustained release. J Microencapsul 2019; 36:649-658. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1665118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Chaoyu Yang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Pankaj Dwivedi
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ting Si
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ronald X. Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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31
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Schwarzbacherová V, Wnuk M, Deregowska A, Holečková B, Lewinska A. In vitro exposure to thiacloprid-based insecticide formulation promotes oxidative stress, apoptosis and genetic instability in bovine lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104654. [PMID: 31533058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A proprietary thiacloprid-based neonicotinoid insecticide formulation is widely used in agriculture to protect vegetables and fruit against various pests. However, its effect on animal cells has not been fully elucidated. In this study, bovine peripheral lymphocytes were incubated with different concentrations of this formulation (10; 30; 60; 120 and 240 μg.mL-1) for 4 h to address the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the insecticide. Insecticide formulation treatment resulted in decreased cell viability and proliferation, p53-mediated cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and apoptosis induction accompanied by elevated levels of mitochondrial superoxide and protein carbonylation. Oxidant-based DNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR) were also observed, namely the formation of micronuclei, DNA double-strand breaks and slightly elevated recruitment of p53 binding protein (53BP1) foci. Our results contribute to the elucidation of insecticide effects on animal lymphocyte cultures after short-term exposure. Due to increased application of neonicotinoids worldwide, resulting in both higher yields and adverse effects on non-target animals and humans, further in vivo and in vitro experiments should be performed to confirm their cytotoxic and genotoxic activities during short-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Schwarzbacherová
- Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Deregowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Beáta Holečková
- Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Tadevosyan NS, Poghosyan SB, Khachatryan BG, Muradyan SA, Guloyan HA, Tshantshapanyan AN, Hutchings NJ, Tadevosyan AE. Residues of xenobiotics in the environment and phytotoxic activity in Armenia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:1011-1018. [PMID: 31418625 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1628603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the results of a dynamic study (spring, summer, and fall) of the residues of certain xenobiotics such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), synthetic surfactants (SSs) in surface water, soil, sludge, snow and phytotoxic activity in Ararat and Lori marzes of Armenia (2016-2017). A comparative analysis of the environmental status showed that all pollutants studied such as γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (4,4'-DDT), and p-p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (4,4'-DDE) were identified in Ararat marz with the average concentrations and detection rates higher than in Lori marz. The prominent contaminant was γ-HCH. The findings indicated the concentrations of OCPs below of regulatory concern. In Ararat marz an increase in the number of sterile pollen grains of certain wild plants was revealed (14.8-26.0%), compared with Lori marz with the levels within the contingent standard of 5-11%. The phytotoxic activity of soil samples from the Ararat marz studied on Avena sativa seedlings was significantly higher in the summer-fall period. These data correlated with monitoring findings showed an increase in the levels of γ-HCH, 4,4'-DDT, SS in the soil and sludge sampled in summer-fall in Ararat marz. This difference in the environmental status can be considered as the result of active agriculture in Ararat marz, whose share of contribution to a relevant branch of the economy of Armenia is two times higher than in Lori marz, 15.4% and 7.9%, respectively. Mentioned rates of agricultural production may be one of the reasons for the environmental deterioration in Ararat marz. The detection of 4,4-DDT, γ-HCH residues testifies the circulation of these formulations in the environment indicating their use in recent past and confirming their persistence. Although since the 70s of the last century the application of OCPs in the Republic of Armenia has been prohibited. The current situation may be explained by low awareness of farmers on different issues related to the safe management of pesticides. To ensure safe working conditions and raise awareness among the farmers we have developed "Recommendations on Safety requirements when working with pesticides" that are approved by the State Service for Food Safety at the Ministry of Agriculture of RA and included in the reference booklets for farmers as guiding information. Our study shows the understanding of associations between the deterioration of the environmental status and share of agriculture contribution to the economy that provides the evidence for future research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya S Tadevosyan
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene and Toxicology, Scientific-Research Center of Yerevan State Medical University after M.Heratsi , Yerevan , Armenia
| | - Susanna B Poghosyan
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene and Toxicology, Scientific-Research Center of Yerevan State Medical University after M.Heratsi , Yerevan , Armenia
| | - Bavakan G Khachatryan
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene and Toxicology, Scientific-Research Center of Yerevan State Medical University after M.Heratsi , Yerevan , Armenia
| | - Susanna A Muradyan
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene and Toxicology, Scientific-Research Center of Yerevan State Medical University after M.Heratsi , Yerevan , Armenia
| | - Hasmik A Guloyan
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene and Toxicology, Scientific-Research Center of Yerevan State Medical University after M.Heratsi , Yerevan , Armenia
| | - Ashot N Tshantshapanyan
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene and Toxicology, Scientific-Research Center of Yerevan State Medical University after M.Heratsi , Yerevan , Armenia
| | - Nicholas J Hutchings
- UC Irvine School of Medicine , Orange , CA , USA
- Armenia Osteoporosis Center , Yerevan , Armenia
| | - Artashes E Tadevosyan
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Organization of Yerevan State Medical University after M.Heratsi , Yerevan , Armenia
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33
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Lai X, Yan S, Ye N, Xiang Y. An Ultrasensitive Sensing of Carbaryl by Changing Catalytic Activity of AuNPs on Fehling Reaction-Resonance Scattering Spectroscopy. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jing X, Yang L, Zhao W, Wang F, Chen Z, Ma L, Jia L, Wang X. Evaporation-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets for the determination of triazole fungicides in water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1597:46-53. [PMID: 30926256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and effective analytical procedure for determining three triazole fungicides (myclobutanil, epoxiconazole, and tebuconazole) in water samples is developed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection after evaporation-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets. The extraction procedure involves the sequential addition of the extraction solvent 1-dodecanol (low density), volatile solvent dichloromethane (high density), and calcium oxide to the aqueous sample (the latter reacting exothermically). The CaO reaction can promote the volatilization of the dichloromethane which disperses the 1-dodecanol as fine droplets in the aqueous sample due to the bubbles generated. Therefore, a dispersive solvent is not required. Then, the floating 1-dodecanol is solidified using an ice bath for easy separation from the sample. The variables (the volumes of extraction and volatile solvents, amounts of calcium oxide and sodium chloride, pH values, and extraction time) in the extraction procedure are further optimized. Under optimized conditions, the linearity ranges are 0.05-5 μg mL-1 with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification are 0.0051-0.0090 μg mL-1 and 0.0169-0.0299 μg mL-1, respectively. The recoveries of myclobutanil, epoxiconazole, and tebuconazole in tap, reservoir, and river water range between 77.6% and 104.4% with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.6% to 7.8%. Hence, the method was reliable for analysis of myclobutanil, epoxiconazole, and tebuconazole in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Wenfei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zhenjia Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Ling Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Liyan Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China.
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Zhao P, Yuan W, Xu C, Li F, Cao L, Huang Q. Enhancement of Spirotetramat Transfer in Cucumber Plant Using Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Carriers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11592-11600. [PMID: 30350969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides will be used for a long period of time, and their use may cause environmental contamination and adverse effects on human health. The aim of this study was to improve the utilization rate of pesticides and reduce the risk to the environment using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as carriers. Compared to the conventional formulation, spirotetramat-loading MSNs improved deposition, uptake, and translocation performance in cucumber plants. MSNs may hold spirotetramat in their mesoporous structure and prevent its degradation in plants. The final residue of spirotetramat and its metabolites demonstrated that spirotetramat-loading MSNs had low risk to the edible parts of plants under foliar application. This study added our knowledge of MSNs controlling pesticide release and transfer in plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wanling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lidong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
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Dias GL, Camponogara S, Costa VZD, Cezar-Vaz MR, Weiller TH, Cardoso LS. Representações sociais sobre saúde e meio ambiente para equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família. SAUDE E SOCIEDADE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-12902018170658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Atualmente, sabe-se que as questões que envolvem a saúde possuem uma relação com diversos determinantes, dentre os quais, o meio ambiente merece destaque especial. Nesse sentido, a relação saúde e meio ambiente é um importante aspecto a ser considerado, particularmente nas práticas de trabalhadores das equipes de Estratégias Saúde da Família (ESF). O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer as representações sociais sobre saúde e meio ambiente para equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família. É um estudo qualitativo, descritivo-exploratório, baseado na teoria das representações sociais. Os dados foram coletados entre fevereiro e junho de 2016, em um município localizado no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram deste estudo 19 trabalhadores de ESF. Os dados foram analisados conforme análise de conteúdo temática, buscando-se o núcleo central da representação social e os elementos periféricos. A partir da análise dos dados delineou-se a seguinte representação: a salubridade do território. Os elementos periféricos relacionados à representação são: água, resíduos sólidos urbanos e agrotóxicos e poluição atmosférica. Conclui-se que a compreensão da relação saúde e meio ambiente está intrinsecamente relacionada com os danos que o meio ambiente pode causar na saúde.
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Detoxification of Pesticide-Containing Wastewater with FeIII, Activated Carbon and Fenton Reagent and Its Control Using Three Standardized Bacterial Inhibition Tests. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9120969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bergmann AJ, North PE, Vasquez L, Bello H, del Carmen Gastañaga Ruiz M, Anderson KA. Multi-class chemical exposure in rural Peru using silicone wristbands. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2017; 27:560-568. [PMID: 28745304 PMCID: PMC5658680 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure monitoring with personal silicone wristband samplers was demonstrated in Peru in four agriculture and urban communities where logistic and practical constraints hinder use of more traditional approaches. Wristbands and associated methods enabled quantitation of 63 pesticides and screening for 1397 chemicals including environmental contaminants and personal care products. Sixty-eight wristbands were worn for approximately one month by volunteers from four communities of Alto Mayo, Peru. We identified 106 chemicals from eight chemical classes among all wristbands. Agricultural communities were characterized by pesticides and PAHs, while the urban communities had more personal care products present. Multiple linear regressions explained up to 40% of variance in wristbands from chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and DDT and its metabolites (DDx) (r2=0.39, 0.30, 0.40, respectively). All three pesticides were significantly different between communities, and cypermethrin and DDx were associated with participant age. The calculated relative age of DDT suggested some communities had more recent exposure than others. This work aids health research in the Alto Mayo and beyond by identifying typical mixtures and potential sources of exposure to organic chemicals in the personal environment. Silicone wristband sampling with chemical screening is a candidate for widespread use in exposure monitoring in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Bergmann
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Paula E North
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Luis Vasquez
- Yantaló Peru Foundation, Yantaló, Moyobamba, Peru
| | - Hernan Bello
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University College of Agricultural Sciences, 1007 Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. Tel.: +541 737 8501. Fax: +541 737 0497. E-mail:
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Montalvão MF, Malafaia G. Effects of abamectin on bullfrog tadpoles: insights on cytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23411-23416. [PMID: 28895048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Abamectin is one of the most used pesticides worldwide. However, investigations about its effects on amphibian populations are rare. Thus, the present study sought to investigate possible cytotoxic effects on Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles exposed to low abamectin concentrations diluted in water. Accordingly, four experimental groups were set: negative control, positive control (cyclophosphamide-40 mL L-1), abamectin at concentrations 36 μg a.i./L (ABA36 group), and 72 μg a.i./L (ABA72 group), applied as Kraft® 36EC. The micronucleus test was conducted and other nuclear abnormalities in peripheral blood erythrocytes were checked after 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure to the treatments. The total of other nuclear abnormalities was influenced by the treatments, whereas the frequency of micronuclei was influenced by the exposure time. Such frequency was higher in the animals comprising the ABA72 group, which was assessed 72 h after the exposure had begun. The total of other nuclear abnormalities was influenced by the treatments. Animals in the positive control, ABA36, and ABA72 groups showed similar frequency of these abnormalities at 48 and 72 h. However, this frequency was statistically higher than that of animals in their respective negative control groups. Thus, the present study confirmed the hypothesis that the exposure of L. catesbeianus tadpoles to abamectin caused cytotoxic effects on them, although this exposure lasted short and the concentrations were low. It disclosed prospects for variations in the nucleus of erythrocytes circulating in amphibians, a fact that may provide an important/complementary approach for the detection of cytotoxicity caused by abamectin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Flores Montalvão
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, 75790-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, 75790-000, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Dos Santos AG, Mendes ÉA, de Oliveira RP, Faria AMC, de Sousa AO, Pirovani CP, de Araújo FF, de Carvalho AT, Costa MC, Assis Santos D, Montoya QV, Rodrigues A, Dos Santos JL. Trichoderma asperelloides Spores Downregulate dectin1/2 and TLR2 Receptors of Mice Macrophages and Decrease Candida parapsilosis Phagocytosis Independent of the M1/M2 Polarization. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1681. [PMID: 28936201 PMCID: PMC5594820 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensive use of pesticides to control pests in agriculture has promoted several issues relating to environment. As chemical pesticides remain controversial, biocontrol agents originating from fungi could be an alternative. Among them, we highlight biocontrol agents derived from the fungi genus Trichoderma, which have been documented in limiting the growth of other phytopathogenic fungus in the roots and leaves of several plant species. An important member of this genus is Trichoderma asperelloides, whose biocontrol agents have been used to promote plant growth while also treating soil diseases caused by microorganisms in both greenhouses and outdoor crops. To evaluate the safety of fungal biological agents for human health, tests to detect potentially adverse effects, such as allergenicity, toxicity, infectivity and pathogenicity, are crucial. In addition, identifying possible immunomodulating properties of fungal biocontrol agents merits further investigation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of T. asperelloides spores in the internalization of Candida parapsilosis yeast by mice phagocytes, in order to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism of this interaction, as a model to understand possible in vivo effects of this fungus. For this, mice were exposed to a fungal spore suspension through-intraperitoneal injection, euthanized and cells from the peripheral blood and peritoneal cavity were collected for functional, quantitative and phenotypic analysis, throughout analysis of membrane receptors gene expression, phagocytosis ability and cells immunophenotyping M1 (CCR7 and CD86) and M2 (CCR2 and CD206). Our analyses showed that phagocytes exposed to fungal spores had reduced phagocytic capacity, as well as a decrease in the quantity of neutrophils and monocytes in the peripheral blood and peritoneal cavity. Moreover, macrophages exposed to T. asperelloides spores did not display the phenotypic profile M1/M2, and had reduced expression of pattern recognition receptors, such as TLR2, dectin-1 and dectin-2, all involved in the first line of defense against clinically important yeasts. Our data could infer that T. asperelloides spores may confer susceptibility to infection by C. parapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa G Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéus, Brazil
| | - Érica A Mendes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana M C Faria
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Belo HorizonteBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos P Pirovani
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéus, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F de Araújo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo CruzBelo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Universidade de UberabaUberaba, Brazil
| | - Andréa T de Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo CruzBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marliete Carvalho Costa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Belo HorizonteBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Belo HorizonteBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Quimi V Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual de São PauloRio Claro, Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual de São PauloRio Claro, Brazil
| | - Jane L Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéus, Brazil
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