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Akinyemi O, Ogundare T, Wedeslase T, Hartmann B, Odusanya E, Williams M, Hughes K, Cornwell Iii E. Trends in Suicides and Homicides in 21st Century America. Cureus 2024; 16:e61010. [PMID: 38910703 PMCID: PMC11194035 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violent deaths, including suicides and homicides, pose a significant public health challenge in the United States. Understanding the trends and identifying associated risk factors is crucial for targeted intervention strategies. AIM To examine the trends in suicides and homicides over the past two decades and identify demographic and contextual predictors using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System online database. METHODS A retrospective analysis of mortality records from 2000 to 2020 was conducted, utilizing multivariate regression analyses. Covariates included age, race, sex, education, mental health conditions, and time period. Age-adjusted rates were employed to assess trends. RESULTS Over the 20 years, there was an upward trajectory in suicide rates, increasing from approximately 10/100,000 to over 14/100,000 individuals, which is a notable increase among American Indians (100.8% increase) and individuals aged 25 years and younger (45.3% increase). Homicide rates, while relatively stable, exhibited a significant increase in 2019-2020, with African Americans consistently having the highest rates and a significant increase among American Indians (73.2% increase). In the multivariate regression analysis, Individuals with advanced education (OR= 1.74, 95% CI= 1.70 - 1.78), depression (OR = 13.47, 95% CI = 13.04 - 13.91), and bipolar disorder (OR = 2.65, 95% CI = 2.44 - 2.88) had higher odds of suicide. Risk factors for homicide include African Americans (OR = 4.15, 95% CI = 4.08 - 4.23), Latinx (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 2.26 - 2.37), people aged 25 years and younger, and those with lower educational attainment. CONCLUSION This study highlights the changing demographic pattern in suicides and homicides in the United States and the need for targeted public health responses. Means restriction, universal suicide screening, addressing mental health stigma, and implementing broad interventions that modify societal attitudes toward suicide and homicides are essential components of a comprehensive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Temitope Ogundare
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | | | - Brandon Hartmann
- Medicine and Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, USA
| | - Eunice Odusanya
- Medicine and Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, USA
| | | | - Kakra Hughes
- Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, USA
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Stevens HR, Graham PL, Beggs PJ, Ossola A. Associations between violent crime inside and outside, air temperature, urban heat island magnitude and urban green space. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:661-673. [PMID: 38189988 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
There are more incidents of violence in summer and on hot days, a trend likely to be exacerbated by climate change. Urban areas experience additional temperature modulation due to the urban form, however, to date, no studies have considered the effect of the urban heat island (UHI) or green space with respect to the temperature-violence relationship. This study modelled the relationship between the number of daily violent crime incidents that occurred inside or outside between July 2013 and June 2018, and the average surface UHI or percentage greencover (including grasses, shrubs and trees) within each local government area in Greater Sydney, Australia. Panelised negative binomial time series regression models indicated that the violent crime rate was associated with higher surface UHI for crimes committed outside (p = 0.006) but not inside (p = 0.072). Greater percentage of all vegetation was associated with significantly lower rates of violent crime committed outside (p = 0.011) but was not associated with violent crimes committed inside (p = 0.430). More socio-economic disadvantage was associated with higher rates of violent crime committed inside (p = 0.002) but not outside (p = 0.145). Greater temperature was non-linearly associated with higher rates of violent crime committed both inside and outside (p < 0.001). The findings of this study are important because both violence and heat exposure are critical health issues and will be stressed by urbanisation and climate change. The expansion of green space and/or reduction in UHI may mitigate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Stevens
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Petra L Graham
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Paul J Beggs
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Alessandro Ossola
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Guo Y, Gao Y, He C, Zhu Y, Zhou L, Kan H, Chen R. Short-term high temperature may increase the incidence risk of collective conflicts: A case-crossover study in the Greater Middle East. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170105. [PMID: 38232834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violent conflict is a formidable global challenge, with long-lasting impacts on individual health and society security. There has been compelling evidence that heat can increase aggression intention on the individual level. However, little is known about the short-term relationship between ambient temperature and collective violent conflicts, especially in less developed regions. METHOD We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study combined with the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) among 247,773 violent conflicts from 29 countries or regions in the Greater Middle East, between 1997 and 2021. Potential modification effects of economic status and climate conditions were explored by stratified analyses. Negative control and sensitivity analyses were also performed to test the robustness of our model. RESULTS We observed significant associations between higher temperature and the onset of five categories of violent conflicts. The effects generally occurred within the first several days after exposure. The incidence risks of battles, violence against civilians, explosions/remote violence, protests and riots were 1.60 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.31-1.95], 1.82 (95 % CI: 1.37-2.42), 1.24 (95 % CI: 1.08-1.41), 1.16 (95 % CI: 1.09-1.24) and 1.54 (95 % CI: 1.22-1.95) when comparing extreme high temperatures to minimum-risk temperatures. The associations were generally more prominent in areas with lower economic levels and associations in regions of the continental climate are also stronger. CONCLUSIONS Our finding reveals novel and concrete evidence that short-term high temperature could increase the risk of multiple forms of violent conflict in the Greater Middle East and provides new insights into the potential short-term mechanisms under the heat-collective violence association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Guo
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Gao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng He
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiang Zhu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Wright RJ, Demain JG. Growing Impact of Climate Change on Respiratory Health and Related Allergic Disorders: Need for Health Systems to Prepare. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:xi-xv. [PMID: 37973264 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine, and Public Health, Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at, Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Jeffrey G Demain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA; WWAMI School of Medicine, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99516, USA.
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McCool WC, Codding BF. US homicide rates increase when resources are scarce and unequally distributed. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2023; 6:e3. [PMID: 38516371 PMCID: PMC10955375 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
As homicide rates spike across the United States, researchers nominate diverse causes such as temperature, city greenness, structural racism, inequality, poverty and more. While variation in homicide rates clearly results from multiple causes, many correlation studies lack the systematic theory needed to identify the underlying factors that structure individual motivations. Building on pioneering work in evolutionary human sciences, we propose that when resources are unequally distributed, individuals may have incentives to undertake high-risk activities, including lethal violence, in order to secure material and social capital. Here we evaluate this theory by analysing federal data on homicide rates, poverty and income inequality across all 50 US states for the years 1990, 2000 and 2005-2020. Supporting predictions derived from evolutionary social sciences, we find that the interaction of poverty (scarcity) and inequality (unequal distribution) best explains variation in US homicide rates. Results suggest that the increase in homicide rates during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic are driven in part by these same underlying causes that structure homicide rates across the US over the last 30 years. We suggest that these results provide compelling evidence to expand strategies for reducing homicide rates by dismantling structures that generate and concentrate sustained poverty and economic inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston C. McCool
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, USA
- Society, Water, and Climate Interdisciplinary Research Group, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, USA
| | - Brian F. Codding
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, USA
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Martinson E, Chang HH, D’Souza RR, Ebelt S, Scovronick N. Association between outdoor temperature and fatal police shootings in the United States, 2015-2021. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e267. [PMID: 38912390 PMCID: PMC11189680 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Here, we investigate the association between outdoor temperature and fatal police shootings in the United States between 2015 and 2021. Methods We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study. Data on fatal police shootings were from the Washington Post's Fatal Force database and temperature data were from Daymet. Results A 5°C increase in maximum same-day temperature was associated with a 1.033 (95% CI = 1.002, 1.065) increased odds of a fatal police shooting. In stratified analyses, the strongest associations were observed in victims who were armed (OR, 1.052 [95% CI = 1.017, 1.088), White (OR, 1.052 [95% CI = 1.006, 1.100), or aged 45+ (OR, 1.110 [95% CI = 1.044, 1.181]). In additional subgroup analyses, relative risks were also generally higher among those who were armed. Conclusions There is evidence of an association between outdoor temperature and fatal police shootings in the United States, particularly when the victims were reported as armed. This study cannot determine if the associations are a result of any specific causes (e.g., increased police aggression or other factors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Martinson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Howard H. Chang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rohan R. D’Souza
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Stefanie Ebelt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Noah Scovronick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Li J, Feng C, Yang J. Climate attribution of interpersonal violence: International evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116836. [PMID: 37543128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is increasingly threatening interpersonal violence, yet global evidence for related impacts and potential transmission mechanisms remains limited. We examine whether and how climate change, particularly climate extremes, affects interpersonal violence. Using the panel data of 140 countries and regions from 2000 to 2019, we find that hot and wet extremes precipitated increase in homicide rates globally. Economic level, inequality, and resources scarcity were important intermediaries through which climate extremes affected homicide, while the direct effects still dominated the total effects. We then reveal the heterogeneous effects of climate extremes, further suggesting that poor countries and regions with relatively small contributions to climate change were particularly sensitive to climate extremes. These findings elucidate a strong climate-violence link, helping explain implications of facilitating violence prevention and mitigating climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Chao Feng
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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8
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Zhu Y, He C, Bell M, Zhang Y, Fatmi Z, Zhang Y, Zaid M, Bachwenkizi J, Liu C, Zhou L, Chen R, Kan H. Association of Ambient Temperature With the Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Partnered Women in Low- and Middle-Income South Asian Countries. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:952-961. [PMID: 37379013 PMCID: PMC10308303 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Importance Intimate partner violence (IPV), including physical, sexual, and emotional violence, constitutes a critical public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. While climate change could escalate violent events, data quantifying its possible association with IPV are scant. Objective To evaluate the association of ambient temperature with the prevalence of IPV among partnered women in low- and middle-income countries in South Asia, and to estimate the association of future climate warming with IPV. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the Demographic and Health Survey and included 194 871 ever-partnered women aged 15 to 49 years from 3 South Asian countries (India, Nepal, and Pakistan). The study applied the mixed-effect multivariable logistic regression model to investigate the association of ambient temperature with IPV prevalence. The study further modeled the change in IPV prevalence under various future climate change scenarios. The data included in the analyses were collected from October 1, 2010, to April 30, 2018, and the current analyses were performed from January 2, 2022, to July 11, 2022. Exposure Annual ambient temperature exposure for each woman, estimated based on an atmospheric reanalysis model of the global climate. Main Outcomes and Measures The prevalence of IPV and its types (physical, sexual, and emotional violence) were assessed based on self-reported questionnaires from October 1, 2010, to April 30, 2018, and the changes in the prevalence with climate changes were estimated through the 2090s. Results The study included 194 871 ever-partnered women aged 15 to 49 years (mean [SD] age, 35.4 [7.6] years; overall IPV prevalence, 27.0%) from 3 South Asian countries. The prevalence of physical violence was highest (23.0%), followed by emotional (12.5%), and sexual violence (9.5%). The annual temperature ranges were mostly between 20 °C and 30 °C. A significant association was found between high ambient temperature and the prevalence of IPV against women, with each 1 °C increase in the annual mean temperature associated with a mean increase in IPV prevalence of 4.49% (95% CI, 4.20%-4.78%). According to the study's projections under the unlimited emissions scenarios (SSPs [shared socioeconomic pathways], as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] 5-8.5), IPV prevalence would increase by 21.0% by the end of the 21st century, while it would only moderately increase under increasingly stricter scenarios (SSP2-4.5 [9.8%] and SSP1-2.6 [5.8%]). In addition, the projected increases in the prevalence of physical (28.3%) and sexual (26.1%) violence were greater than that of emotional violence (8.9%). In the 2090s, India was estimated to experience the highest IPV prevalence increase (23.5%) among the 3 countries, compared with Nepal (14.8%) and Pakistan (5.9%). Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional, multicountry study provides ample epidemiological evidence to support that high ambient temperature may be associated with the risk of IPV against women. These findings highlight the vulnerabilities and inequalities of women experiencing IPV in low- and middle-income countries in the context of global climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Zhu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng He
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michelle Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yuqiang Zhang
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham
| | - Zafar Fatmi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maryam Zaid
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jovine Bachwenkizi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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Chen S, Lin X, Du Z, Zhang Y, Zheng L, Ju X, Guo T, Wang X, Chen L, Jiang J, Hu W, Zhang W, Hao Y. Potential causal links between long-term ambient particulate matter exposure and cerebrovascular mortality: Insights from a large cohort in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121336. [PMID: 36822305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cohort studies conducted in North America and Europe have linked cerebrovascular mortality to long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM). However, limited evidence from large cohorts in high-exposure areas and the traditional approach of association assessment may cause residual confounding issues. In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal links between cerebrovascular mortality and long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and PM2.5-10 in an ongoing cohort study with 580,757 participants in southern China. Using satellite-based estimates of PM concentration at a 1-km2 spatial resolution, we assigned exposure levels to each participant and used the marginal structural Cox model to assess the association between PM exposure and cerebrovascular mortality while accounting for time-varying covariates. We also explored the potential modification effects of sociodemographic and behavioral factors on the PM-health associations. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for overall cerebrovascular mortality were 1.041 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.034-1.049) and 1.032 (95% CI: 1.026-1.038) for each 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, and PM10, respectively. Similar trends were observed in the mortality risk from stroke and ischemic stroke, with HRs ranging from 1.040 to 1.069 and 1.025 to 1.052, respectively, across 2 p.m. exposures. The impact of PM exposure was generally more apparent among women, participants with primary school diplomas and below, and the subgroup under low-exposure. Multiple sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. In conclusion, this sizable prospective cohort study hypothesizes causal links between long-term PM exposure and cerebrovascular mortality, particularly among vulnerable participants, supporting the rationale for reducing PM concentration in China to reduce cerebrovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Du
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Ju
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lichang Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking, China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking, China
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuantao Hao
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking, China.
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10
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Rahman MM, Lorenzo M, Ban-Weiss G, Hasan Z, Azzouz M, Eckel SP, Conti DV, Lurmann F, Schlaerth H, Johnston J, Ko J, Palinkas L, Hurlburt M, Silva S, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Garcia E. Ambient temperature and air pollution associations with suicide and homicide mortality in California: A statewide case-crossover study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162462. [PMID: 36858215 PMCID: PMC10465171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher ambient temperature and air pollution may contribute to increased risk of behaviors harmful to oneself or to others; however, quantitative evidence is limited. We examined the relationship of deaths due to suicide and homicide with temperature and air pollution in California-a state prone to high levels of both exposures. METHOD California death certificates from 2014 to 2019 were used to identify deaths due to suicide and homicide. Residential data for decedents were used to assign exposure to daily temperature (maximum[Tmax], minimum[Tmin]) and daily average air pollution concentrations (particulate matter <10 μm[PM10] and < 2.5 μm[PM2.5], nitrogen dioxide[NO2], ozone[O3]). Tmin served as a surrogate for nighttime temperature. A time-stratified case-crossover study design using conditional logistic regression was used to assess the effects of daily exposure to temperature and air pollutants on suicide and homicide mortality, adjusting for relative humidity. Effect modification by sex and age was assessed. RESULTS We observed 24,387 deaths due to suicide and 10,767 deaths due to homicide. We found a monotonic temperature association for both outcomes. A 5 °C increase in Tmax at lag-2 and Tmin at lag-0 was associated with 3.1 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 %-5.2 %) and 3.8 % (95%CI: 0.9 %-6.8 %) increased odds of death due to suicide, respectively. The increased odds of homicide mortality per 5 °C increase in Tmax at lag-0 and Tmin at lag-1 were 4.9 % (95%CI: 1.6 %-8.1 %) and 6.2 % (95%CI: 1.6 %-11.0 %), respectively. No air pollutant associations were statistically significant. Temperature associations were robust after adjustment for PM2.5. Some temperature effects were larger among women for suicide and men for homicide mortality, and among those over age 65 years for both outcomes. CONCLUSION Risk of suicide and homicide mortality increases with increasing daily ambient temperatures. Findings have public health relevance given anticipated increases in temperatures due to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Lorenzo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Ban-Weiss
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zainab Hasan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehjar Azzouz
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Hannah Schlaerth
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jill Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Ko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Palinkas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Hurlburt
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sam Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erika Garcia
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Zheng H, Cheng J, Ho HC, Zhu B, Ding Z, Du W, Wang X, Yu Y, Fei J, Xu Z, Zhou J, Yang J. Evaluating the short-term effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal outdoor falls and road traffic injuries among children and adolescents in China: a time-stratified case-crossover study. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 17:105. [PMID: 37033401 PMCID: PMC10067518 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-023-1705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although studies have suggested that non-optimal temperatures may increase the risk of injury, epidemiological studies focusing on the association between temperature and non-fatal injury among children and adolescents are limited. Therefore, we investigated the short-term effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal falls and road traffic injuries (RTIs) among students across Jiangsu Province, China. Meteorological data and records of non-fatal outdoor injuries due to falls and RTIs among students aged 6-17 were collected during 2018-2020. We performed a time-stratified case-crossover analysis with a distributed lag nonlinear model to examine the effect of ambient temperature on the risk of injury. Individual meteorological exposure was estimated based on the address of the selected school. We also performed stratified analyses by sex, age, and area. A total of 57322 and 5455 cases of falls and RTIs were collected, respectively. We observed inverted U-shaped curves for temperature-injury associations, with maximum risk temperatures at 18 °C (48th of daily mean temperature distribution) for falls and 22 °C (67th of daily mean temperature distribution) for RTIs. The corresponding odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 2.193 (2.011, 2.391) and 3.038 (1.988, 4.644) for falls and RTIs, respectively. Notably, there was a significant age-dependent trend in which the temperature effect on falls was greater in older students (P-trend < 0.05). This study suggests a significant association between ambient temperature and students' outdoor falls and RTIs. Our findings may help advance tailored strategies to reduce the incidence of outdoor falls and RTIs in children and adolescents. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11783-023-1705-1 and is accessible for authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Wencong Du
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Juan Fei
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4006 Australia
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
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12
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Hu J, He G, Meng R, Gong W, Ren Z, Shi H, Lin Z, Liu T, Zeng F, Yin P, Bai G, Qin M, Hou Z, Dong X, Zhou C, Pingcuo Z, Xiao Y, Yu M, Huang B, Xu X, Lin L, Xiao J, Zhong J, Jin D, Zhao Q, Li Y, Gama C, Xu Y, Lv L, Zeng W, Li X, Luo L, Zhou M, Huang C, Ma W. Temperature-related mortality in China from specific injury. Nat Commun 2023; 14:37. [PMID: 36596791 PMCID: PMC9810693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury poses heavy burden on public health, accounting for nearly 8% of all deaths globally, but little evidence on the role of climate change on injury exists. We collect data during 2013-2019 in six provinces of China to examine the effects of temperature on injury mortality, and to project future mortality burden attributable to temperature change driven by climate change based on the assumption of constant injury mortality and population scenario. The results show that a 0.50% (95% confident interval (CI): 0.13%-0.88%) increase of injury mortality risk for each 1 °C rise in daily temperature, with higher risk for intentional injury (1.13%, 0.55%-1.71%) than that for unintentional injury (0.40%, 0.04%-0.77%). Compared to the 2010s, total injury deaths attributable to temperature change in China would increase 156,586 (37,654-272,316) in the 2090 s under representative concentration pathways 8.5 scenario with the highest for transport injury (64,764, 8,517-115,743). Populations living in Western China, people aged 15-69 years, and male may suffer more injury mortality burden from increased temperature caused by climate change. Our findings may be informative for public health policy development to effectively adapt to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Ruilin Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhoupeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Heng Shi
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850002, China
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Peng Yin
- The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guoxia Bai
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850002, China
| | - Mingfang Qin
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Zhulin Hou
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Chunliang Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Zhuoma Pingcuo
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850002, China
| | - Yize Xiao
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Min Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Lifeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jieming Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Donghui Jin
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Qinglong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yajie Li
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850002, China
| | - Cangjue Gama
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850002, China
| | - Yiqing Xu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Lingshuang Lv
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Liying Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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13
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Lyons VH, Gause EL, Spangler KR, Wellenius GA, Jay J. Analysis of Daily Ambient Temperature and Firearm Violence in 100 US Cities. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2247207. [PMID: 36525273 PMCID: PMC9856408 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.47207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Firearm violence is a leading public health crisis in the US. Understanding whether and how ambient temperature is associated with firearm violence may identify new avenues for prevention and intervention. OBJECTIVE To estimate the overall and regional association between hotter temperatures and higher risk of firearm violence in the US. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used distributed lag nonlinear models, controlling for seasonality and long-term time trends by city and pooled results overall and by climate region. The most populous cities in the US with the highest number of assault-related firearm incidence (ie, shootings) from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed. Data analysis was performed from October 2021 to June 2022. EXPOSURES Maximum daily temperature by city. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the number of assault-related firearm shootings by city. RESULTS A total of 116 511 shootings in 100 cities were included in this analysis. The pooled analysis estimated that 6.85% (95% CI, 6.09%-7.46%) of all shootings were attributable to days hotter than city-specific median temperatures. This equates to 7973 total shootings (95% CI, 7092-8688 total shootings) across the 100 cities over the 6-year study period, although the number of total persons injured or killed would be higher. Estimated risk of firearm incidents increased almost monotonically with higher temperatures, with a local peak at the 84th percentile of the temperature range corresponding to a relative risk of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.12-1.21) compared with the median temperature. However, even moderately hot temperatures were associated with higher risk of shootings. Although significant, there was low heterogeneity between cities (I2 = 11.7%; Cochran Q test, P = .02), indicating regional or climate-specific variation in the daily temperature and incident shootings relationship. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings underscore the importance of heat adaptation strategies broadly throughout the year to reduce shootings, rather than focusing on only the hottest days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian H. Lyons
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
- Allies in Healthier Systems for Health & Abundance in Youth, Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Emma L. Gause
- Firearm Injury & Policy Research Program, Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith R. Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Jay
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Luo L, Zeng F, Bai G, Gong W, Ren Z, Hu J, He G, Shi H, Lin Z, Liu T, Yin P, Qin M, Hou Z, Meng R, Zhou C, Dong X, Pingcuo Z, Xiao Y, Yu M, Huang B, Xu X, Lin L, Xiao J, Zhong J, Jin D, Li Y, Gama C, Xiong P, Xu Y, Lv L, Zeng W, Li X, Zhou M, Huang C, Ma W. Future injury mortality burden attributable to compound hot extremes will significantly increase in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157019. [PMID: 35798110 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As climate change, compound hot extremes (CHEs), daytime and nighttime persistent hot extremes, are projected to become much more frequent and intense, which may pose a serious threat to human health. However, evidence on the impact of CHEs on injury is rare. METHODS We collected injury death data and daily meteorological data from six Chinese provinces during 2013-2018. A time-stratified case-crossover design with two-stage analytic approach was applied to assess the associations of CHEs with injury mortality by intention, mechanism, age and gender. Using the projected daily temperatures of five General Circulation Models (GCMs), we projected the frequency of CHEs and CHEs-attributable mortality burden of injury under three Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. RESULTS CHEs were significantly associated with increased injury mortality risk (RR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.09-1.19), with strong effects on unintentional injuries (RR = 1.16, 95%CI:1.11,1.22) and intentional injuries (RR = 1.11, 95%CI:0.99,1.25). Female (RR = 1.21,95%CI: 1.13-1.29) and the elderly (RR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.22-1.39) were more susceptible to CHEs. Both the frequency and injury mortality burden of CHEs showed a steep rising trend under RCP8.5 scenario, with a 7.37-fold and 8.22-fold increase respectively, by the end of the century, especially in southern, eastern, central and northwestern China. CONCLUSION CHEs were associated with increased injury mortality risk, and the CHEs-attributable injury mortality burden was projected to aggravate substantially in the future as global warming. It is urgent to develop targeted adaptation policies to alleviate the health burden of CHEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Guoxia Bai
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhoupeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System (LREIS), Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Heng Shi
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Ave, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Peng Yin
- The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingfang Qin
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Zhulin Hou
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ruilin Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Chunliang Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zhuoma Pingcuo
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Yize Xiao
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Min Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Lifeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jieming Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Donghui Jin
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yajie Li
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Cangjue Gama
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yiqing Xu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Lingshuang Lv
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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15
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Le VTH, Berman JD, Tran QA, Wattenberg EV, Alexander BH. The Effects of Daily Temperature on Crime Events in Urban Hanoi, Vietnam Using Seven Years of Data (2013-2019). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13906. [PMID: 36360786 PMCID: PMC9657037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of temperature on behavior change and mental health have previously been explored, but the association between temperature and crime is less well understood, especially in developing countries. Single-city-level data were used to evaluate the association between the short-term effects of temperature on crime events in urban Hanoi, Vietnam. We used quasi-Poisson regression models to investigate the linear effects and distributed lag non-linear models to investigate the non-linear association between daily temperature and daily crime events from 2013 to 2019. There were 3884 crime events, including 1083 violent crimes and 2801 non-violent crimes during the 7-year study period. For both linear and non-linear effects, there were positive associations between an increase in daily temperature and crime, and the greatest effects were observed on the first day of exposure (lag 0). For linear effects, we estimated that each 5 °C increase in daily mean temperature was associated with a 9.9% (95%CI: 0.2; 20.5), 6.8% (95%CI: 0.6; 13.5), and 7.5% (95%CI: 2.3; 13.2) increase in the risk of violent, non-violent, and total crime, respectively. For non-linear effects, however, the crime risk plateaued at 30 °C and decreased at higher exposures, which presented an inverted U-shape response with a large statistical uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thuy Huong Le
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Jesse D. Berman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Quynh Anh Tran
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Elizabeth V. Wattenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce H. Alexander
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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16
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Algahtany M, Kumar L, Barclay E. A tested method for assessing and predicting weather-crime associations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75013-75030. [PMID: 35641751 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on haze as a weather element and its correlation with crime. In this study, we examined haze as a weather variable to investigate its effects on criminal activity. We used both monthly crime data and weather records to build a regression model that contains a sequential statistical approach to reach the correlation coefficients between the variables. Also, we developed a prediction model to predict crime cases considering three weather factors: temperature, humidity, and haze. We applied this model in two different climate provinces in Saudi Arabia, namely, Riyadh and Makkah. Riyadh is a desert area and observes haze approximately 17 days per month on average, while Makkah is a coastal area observing haze an average of 4 days per month. We found a measurable relationship between each of these three variables and criminal activity. We found that a one-degree increase in temperature was associated with an increase in assault of 0.739, when humidity and haze were held constant. For other independent variables measured against the same crime in Riyadh, a one-degree increase in humidity was associated with a 0.164 increase in assault. An increase in the number of times that a haze phenomenon is observed was associated with an increase of 0.359 in assault cases. Haze had the most effect on theft, drug, and assault crimes in Riyadh compared to the other elements. Temperature and humidity have a significant relationship with crime in Makkah, while haze had no significant influence in that region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalit Kumar
- School of Environment and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Elaine Barclay
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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17
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Palinkas LA, Hurlburt MS, Fernandez C, De Leon J, Yu K, Salinas E, Garcia E, Johnston J, Rahman MM, Silva SJ, McConnell RS. Vulnerable, Resilient, or Both? A Qualitative Study of Adaptation Resources and Behaviors to Heat Waves and Health Outcomes of Low-Income Residents of Urban Heat Islands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11090. [PMID: 36078804 PMCID: PMC9517765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Little is known of how low-income residents of urban heat islands engage their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and resources to mitigate the health impacts of heat waves. In this qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 40 adults in two such neighborhoods in Los Angeles California to explore their adaptation resources and behaviors, the impacts of heat waves on physical and mental health, and threat assessments of future heat waves. Eighty percent of participants received advanced warning of heat waves from television news and social media. The most common resource was air conditioning (AC) units or fans. However, one-third of participants lacked AC, and many of those with AC engaged in limited use due primarily to the high cost of electricity. Adaptation behaviors include staying hydrated, remaining indoors or going to cooler locations, reducing energy usage, and consuming certain foods and drinks. Most of the participants reported some physical or mental health problem or symptom during heat waves, suggesting vulnerability to heat waves. Almost all participants asserted that heat waves were likely to increase in frequency and intensity with adverse health effects for vulnerable populations. Despite limited resources, low-income residents of urban heat islands utilize a wide range of behaviors to minimize the severity of health impacts, suggesting they are both vulnerable and resilient to heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A. Palinkas
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Michael S. Hurlburt
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Cecilia Fernandez
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jessenia De Leon
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kexin Yu
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Erika Salinas
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Erika Garcia
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Jill Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Md. Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Sam J. Silva
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Rob S. McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
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Pan R, Yao Z, Yi W, Wei Q, He Y, Tang C, Liu X, Son S, Ji Y, Song J, Cheng J, Ji Y, Su H. Temporal trends of the association between temperature variation and hospitalizations for schizophrenia in Hefei, China from 2005 to 2019: a time-varying distribution lag nonlinear model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:5184-5193. [PMID: 34417696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Along with climate change, unstable weather patterns are becoming more frequent. However, the temporal trend associated with the effect of temperature variation on schizophrenia (SCZ) is not clear. Daily time-series data on SCZ and meteorological factors for 15-year between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2019 were collected. And we used the Poisson regression model combined with the time-varying distribution lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to explore the temporal trend of the association between three temperature variation indicators (diurnal temperature range, DTR; temperature variability, TV; temperature change between neighboring days, TCN) and SCZ hospitalizations, respectively. Meanwhile, we also explore the temporal trend of the interaction between temperature and temperature variation. Stratified analyses were performed in different gender, age, and season. Across the whole population, we found a decreasing trend in the risk of SCZ hospitalizations associated with high DTR (from 1.721 to 1.029), TCN (from 1.642 to 1.066), and TV (TV0-1, from 1.034 to 0.994; TV0-2, from 1.041 to 0.994, TV0-3, from 1.044 to 0.992, TV0-4, from 1.049 to 0.992, TV0-5, from 1.055 to 0.993, TV0-6, from 1.059 to 0.991, TV0-7, from 1.059 to 0.990), but an increasing trend in low DTR (from 0.589 to 0.752). Subgroup analysis results further revealed different susceptible groups. Besides, the interactive effect suggests that temperature variation may cause greater harm under low-temperature conditions. There was a synergy between TCN and temperature on the addition and multiplication scales, which were 1.068 (1.007, 1.133) and 0.067 (0.009, 0.122), respectively. Our findings highlight public health interventions to mitigate temperature variation effects needed to focus not only on high temperature variations but also moderately low temperature variations. Future hospitalizations for SCZ associated with temperature variation may be more severely affected by temperature variability from low temperature environments. The temporal trend is associated with the effect of temperature variation on schizophrenia (SCZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenhai Yao
- Anhui Public Meteorological Service Center, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Qiannan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yangyang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Shasha Son
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yanhu Ji
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yifu Ji
- The Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.
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19
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Wen B, Xu R, Wu Y, Coêlho MDSZS, Saldiva PHN, Guo Y, Li S. Association between ambient temperature and hospitalization for renal diseases in Brazil during 2000-2015: A nationwide case-crossover study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2021; 6:100101. [PMID: 36777886 PMCID: PMC9904055 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Climate change is increasing the risks of injuries, diseases, and deaths globally. However, the association between ambient temperature and renal diseases has not been fully characterized. This study aimed to quantify the risk and attributable burden for hospitalizations of renal diseases related to ambient temperature. Methods Daily hospital admission data from 1816 cities in Brazil were collected during 2000 and 2015. A time-stratified case-crossover design was applied to evaluate the association between temperature and renal diseases. Relative risks (RRs), attributable fractions (AFs), and their confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the associations and attributable burden. Findings A total of 2,726,886 hospitalizations for renal diseases were recorded during the study period. For every 1°C increase in daily mean temperature, the estimated risk of hospitalization for renal diseases over lag 0-7 days increased by 0·9% (RR = 1·009, 95% CI: 1·008-1·010) at the national level. The associations between temperature and renal diseases were largest at lag 0 days but remained for lag 1-2 days. The risk was more prominent in females, children aged 0-4 years, and the elderly ≥ 80 years. 7·4% (95% CI: 5·2-9·6%) of hospitalizations for renal diseases could be attributable to the increase of temperature, equating to 202,093 (95% CI: 141,554-260,594) cases. Interpretation This nationwide study provides robust evidence that more policies should be developed to prevent heat-related hospitalizations and mitigate climate change. Funding China Scholarship Council, and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,Corresponding authors: Dr Shanshan Li, and Professor Yuming Guo, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. Tel: +61 3 9905 6100
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,Corresponding authors: Dr Shanshan Li, and Professor Yuming Guo, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. Tel: +61 3 9905 6100
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20
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Cheng J, Ho HC, Su H, Huang C, Pan R, Hossain MZ, Zheng H, Xu Z. Low ambient temperature shortened life expectancy in Hong Kong: A time-series analysis of 1.4 million years of life lost from cardiorespiratory diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111652. [PMID: 34246637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperature is an important contributor to mortality burden worldwide, most of which is from cold exposure. However, little is known about the cold impact on life expectancy loss. This paper aimed to estimate cold-related life expectancy loss from cause-, age-, and gender-specific cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Daily deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and weather records were acquired for Hong Kong, China during 2000-2016. Years of life lost (YLL) that considers life expectancy at the time of death was calculated by matching each death by age and sex to annual life tables. Using a generalized additive model that fits temperature-YLL association, we estimated loss of years in life expectancy from cold. Cold was estimated to cause life expectancy loss of 0.9 years in total cardiovascular disease, with more years of loss in males than in females and in people aged 65 years and older than in people aged up to 64 years. Cold-related life expectancy loss in total respiratory diseases was 1.2 years, with more years of loss in females than in males and comparable years of loss in people aged up to 64 years and in people aged 65 years and older. Among cause-specific diseases, we observed the greatest life expectancy loss in pneumonia (1.5 years), followed by ischaemic heart disease (1.2 years), COPD (1.1 years), and stroke (0.3 years). Between two periods of 2000-2007 and 2008-2016, cold-related life expectancy loss due to cardiovascular disease did not decrease and cold-related life expectancy loss due to respiratory disease even increased by five times. Our findings suggest an urgent need to develop prevention measures against adverse cold effects on cardiorespiratory disease in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, 230022, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, 81 Meishan Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Su
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, 230022, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, 81 Meishan Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, 230022, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, 81 Meishan Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
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21
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Mahendran R, Xu R, Li S, Guo Y. Interpersonal violence associated with hot weather. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e571-e572. [PMID: 34508676 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahini Mahendran
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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22
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Bergmans RS, Larson P, Bennion E, Mezuk B, Wozniak MC, Steiner AL, Gronlund CJ. Short-term exposures to atmospheric evergreen, deciduous, grass, and ragweed aeroallergens and the risk of suicide in Ohio, 2007-2015: Exploring disparities by age, gender, and education level. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111450. [PMID: 34102161 PMCID: PMC8404218 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal trends in suicide mortality are observed worldwide, potentially aligning with the seasonal release of aeroallergens. However, only a handful of studies have examined whether aeroallergens increase the risk of suicide, with inconclusive results thus far. The goal of this study was to use a time-stratified case-crossover design to test associations of speciated aeroallergens (evergreen, deciduous, grass, and ragweed) with suicide deaths in Ohio, USA (2007-2015). METHODS Residential addresses for 12,646 persons who died by suicide were linked with environmental data at the 4-25 km grid scale including atmospheric aeroallergen concentrations, maximum temperature, sunlight, particulate matter <2.5 μm, and ozone. A case-crossover design was used to examine same-day and 7-day cumulative lag effects on suicide. Analyses were stratified by age group, gender, and educational level. RESULTS In general, associations were null between aeroallergens and suicide. Stratified analyses revealed a relationship between grass pollen and same-day suicide for women (OR = 3.84; 95% CI = 1.44, 10.22) and those with a high school degree or less (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.18, 3.49). CONCLUSIONS While aeroallergens were generally not significantly related to suicide in this sample, these findings provide suggestive evidence for an acute relationship of grass pollen with suicide for women and those with lower education levels. Further research is warranted to determine whether susceptibility to speciated aeroallergens may be driven by underlying biological mechanisms or variation in exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Bergmans
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106, USA.
| | - Peter Larson
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106, USA
| | - Erica Bennion
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Briana Mezuk
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matthew C Wozniak
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Allison L Steiner
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carina J Gronlund
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106, USA
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23
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Kuznar LA, Day J. Homicide, Inequality, and Climate: Untangling the Relationships. Front Psychol 2021; 12:697126. [PMID: 34456813 PMCID: PMC8386116 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers debate the causal connections between homicide, inequality, and temperature. This study examines these relationships globally based on country-level data. A new measure of inequality is introduced that provides a more granular measure of inequality patterns than commonly used metrics. The approach allows estimation of risk sensitive decision-making that helps to explain how class impacts violence under different climate conditions. The results indicate that homicide rates are higher when poorer segments of populations are disproportionately influenced by temperature, middle class segments are influenced by inequality, and the wealthy are influenced by middle and impoverished class dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Kuznar
- Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Purdue University, Fort Wayne, IN, United States.,National Security Innovations, Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Day
- National Security Innovations, Inc., Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Yi W, Cheng J, Wei Q, Pan R, Song S, He Y, Tang C, Liu X, Zhou Y, Su H. Disparities of weather type and geographical location in the impacts of temperature variability on cancer mortality: A multicity case-crossover study in Jiangsu Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:110985. [PMID: 33744269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the serious health burden caused by adverse weather events, increasing researches focused on the relationship between temperature variability (TV) and cause-specific mortality, but its association with cancer was not well explored. We aimed to investigate the impacts of TV on cancer mortality and examine the modifying effects of weather type and geographical location as well as other characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Daily city-specific data of cancer deaths, mean temperature (Tmean), maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin), relative humidity (RH), rainfall, and air pollutants were collected during 2016-2017 in 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, China. TV0-t was defined as the standard deviation of the daily Tmax and Tmin on the exposure 0-t days. A two-stage analysis was applied. First, a time-stratified case-crossover design was used to examine the odds ratio (OR) and attributable fraction of cancer mortality per 1 °C increase in TV by adjusting for potential confounders. Random effect meta-analysis was used to summarize the pooled ORs. Second, stratified analysis was performed for weather type, geographical location, demographics, and other city-level characteristics. The weather was defined as four types according to days during warm or cold season combined with high or low RH. RESULTS A total of 303670 cases were included in our study. Meta-analysis showed that the ORs of cancer mortality per 1 °C increase in TV0-t significantly increased and peaked in TV0-2 (OR=1.0098, 95% CI: 1.0039-1.0157). The attributable fraction of TV0-2 on cancer mortality was 4.74%, accounting for 14395 deaths in the study period. Significant ORs of TV-related cancer mortality were found during the warm season combined with high RH and in the northern region of Jiangsu. Susceptible groups of TV-related cancer mortality were identified as female patients, patients aged 45-65 years, and those living in cities with lower per capita green area. CONCLUSIONS TV can significantly increase the risk of cancer mortality, especially during warm and humid days and in the northern region of Jiangsu. Findings are of great significance to formulate urban planning, resource allocation, and health intervention to prolong the life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiannan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Yangyang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China.
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25
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Han C, Xu R, Gao CX, Yu W, Zhang Y, Han K, Yu P, Guo Y, Li S. Socioeconomic disparity in the association between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and mortality in 2640 Chinese counties. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106241. [PMID: 33160162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality has been evaluated intensively, little is known about the socioeconomic disparity in the association. METHODS We collected data on annual all-cause mortality, PM2.5 concentration, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of 2640 counties from the two most recent Chinese censuses in 2000 and 2010. We applied the difference-in-differences (DID) method to estimate PM2.5-mortality association for counties at different quartiles of literacy rate, college rate, urbanization rate and GDP per capita, respectively. RESULTS Overall, every 10 µg/m3 increase in annual average PM2.5 was associated with 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0-5.0) increase of all-cause mortality. The stratified analysis suggested higher health impact of exposure in counties with lower socioeconomic status. For counties of the lowest quartile (Q1) of literacy rate, college rate, urbanization rate and GDP per capita, the effect estimates were 6.0% (95% CI: 4.2-7.7), 4.4% (95% CI: 2.8-6.0), 3.5% (95% CI: 2.0-5.1) and 4.9% (95% CI: 2.7-7.1), respectively. There was strong evidence for elevated risk in mortality associated with PM2.5 of all socioeconomic factors in the lowest quartile (Q1) compared with the highest quartile counties (Q4) (p-value for difference < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was socioeconomic disparity in the PM2.5-mortality association in China. Dwellers living in less developed counties are more vulnerable to long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 than those living in developed counties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Han
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline X Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health (Orygen), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kun Han
- School of Economy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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26
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Berman JD, Bayham J, Burkhardt J. Hot under the collar: A 14-year association between temperature and violent behavior across 436 U.S. counties. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110181. [PMID: 32971077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Violent behavior is influenced by individual and societal characteristics, but the role of environmental factors is less understood. Our aims were to use national-level data to identify the association between criminal behavior and short-term temperature conditions, including the departure of daily temperatures from normal conditions. METHODS We conducted a multi-stage hierarchical time-series model across 436 U.S. counties and 14-years representing 100.4 million people to investigate the association between daily mean temperature and daily mean temperatures departing from normal conditions with violent and non-violent crime counts. First-stage comparisons were made within counties to control for population and geographic heterogeneities, while a second stage combined estimates. We evaluated differences in risk based on county sociodemographic characteristics and estimated non-linear exposure-response relationships. RESULTS We observed a total of 9.0 million violent crimes and 20.9 million non-violent property crimes between 2000 through 2013. We estimated that each 10 °C increase in daily temperature or daily departure from long-term normal temperatures were associated with 11.92% (95% PI: 11.57, 12.27) and 10.37% (95% PI: 10.05, 10.69) increase in the risk of violent crime, respectively. Similar, but lower in magnitude trends, were observed for property crime risks. We found that crime risk plateaus and decreases at high daily temperatures, but for temperatures departing from normal, the association with crime increased linearly. Seasonal variations showed that anomalously warm temperatures days during cool months had the greatest risk. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed an association between higher temperatures and high departure from normal temperatures with both violent and non-violent crime risk, regardless of community-type. However, our findings on seasonal and daily trends suggest that daily mean temperature may impact crime by affecting routine activities and behavior, as opposed to a temperature-aggression relationship. These results may advance public response and planning to prevent violent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Berman
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - J Bayham
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Burkhardt
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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