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Yakkou L, Houida S, El Baaboua A, Bilen S, Chelkha M, Okyay Kaya L, Aasfar A, Ameen F, Ahmad Bhat S, Raouane M, Amghar S, El Harti A. Unveiling resilience: coelomic fluid bacteria's impact on plant metabolism and abiotic stress tolerance. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2363126. [PMID: 38832593 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2363126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Earthworms' coelomic fluid (CF) has been discovered to possess properties that promote plant development. In particular, the earthworm's coelomic fluid-associated bacteria (CFB) are the primary factor influencing the plants' response. To investigate this, we used bacteria isolated from the CF and selected based on different plant growth-promoting traits, in a mesocosm ecosystem that includes plants. This experiment aimed to assess their impact on the metabolism of plants growing under abiotic stress environments (alkaline soil and nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potassium (K) deficit) and compare the lipid profiles of plants under the various treatments. We used seven different bacterial species isolated from the CF of Aporrectodea molleri and as a plant model Zea mays L. For the metabolomic analysis method, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomic. After observing the metabolomic profiles, we found that a few molecular pathways are involved in how plants react to bacterial biostimulants. The bacterial isolates belonging to Pantoea vagans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus paramycoides, and Bacillus thuringiensis have led to a significant increase in synthesizing several metabolites belonging to various chemical categories. Contrary to predictions, abiotic stress did not cause a drop in the composition and concentration of lipids in plants treated with the CFB, demonstrating the rigidity of the protective mechanisms. The statistical analysis based on the Pearson method revealed a positive significant correlation between plant growth parameters (length of the aerial part, surface of the leaves, and biomass) and some metabolites belonging to fatty acids, carboxylic acids, benzene derivatives, and alkanes. Moreover, the standard metabolic components of all treatments in much higher concentrations during bacterial treatments than the control treatment suggests that the bacteria have stimulated the overexpression of these metabolic components. According to these results, we could assume that plants treated with CFB exhibit an adaptability of abiotic stress defense mechanisms, which may be attributed to the upregulation of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Yakkou
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies and Plant Protection (LBVRN), Faculty of Sciences Agadir, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
- Faculty of Applied Sciences- Ait Melloul, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Sofia Houida
- Laboratory of Mycobacteria and Tuberculosis, Institut Pasteur of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Baaboua
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek-Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Serdar Bilen
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Maryam Chelkha
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Leyla Okyay Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abderrahim Aasfar
- Plant and Microbial Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Raouane
- Research Team «Lumbricidae, Improving Soil Productivity and Environment (LAPSE)», Center "Water, Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Souad Amghar
- Research Team «Lumbricidae, Improving Soil Productivity and Environment (LAPSE)», Center "Water, Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif El Harti
- Research Team «Lumbricidae, Improving Soil Productivity and Environment (LAPSE)», Center "Water, Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Zang X, He M, Xu Y, Che T, Wang F, Xu J, Zhang H, Hu F, Xu L. Metaphire guillelmi exhibited predominant capacity of arsenic efflux. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142479. [PMID: 38815813 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Earthworm could regulate their body concentration of arsenic via storage or excretion, and the ability of As efflux among different earthworms is not consistent. Here, whole and semi As exposure patterns with 0-10-30-60-100 mg kg-1 exposure concentrations were set to characterize the As efflux in geophagous earthworm, Metaphire guillelmi. Cast As (As-C) and earthworms' antioxidative responses were monitored to explore the efflux mechanisms under 30 mg kg-1 As-spiked soil (As30), besides, As concentration in earthworm tissue after egestion and dissection depurations were compared. In the whole exposure pattern, As concentration in gut content (As-G, 19.2-120.3 mg kg-1) surpassed that in the tissue (As-T, 17.2-53.2 mg kg-1), and they both increased with exposure concentrations. With the prolong time, they firstly increased and kept stable between day 10-15, then As-G increased while As-T decreased between day 15-20. In the semi-exposure pattern, both As-G and As-T decreased when M. guillelmi was transferred to clean soil for 5 days. During the 42-day incubation in As30, the antioxidative responses including reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were firstly increased and then decreased, and As-C (13.9-43.9 mg kg-1) kept higher than As-G (14.2-35.1 mg kg-1). Significantly positive correlations were found between As-T and GSH, As-C and GST. Moreover, tissue As after dissection (11.6-22.9 mg kg-1) was obviously lower than that after egestion (11.4-26.4 mg kg-1), but significantly related to ROS and GSH. Taken together, M. guillelmi exhibited excellent capacity of As efflux, and GSH explained tissue As accumulation while GST facilitated the As elimination via cast. Besides, dissection instead of egestion revealed the As efflux in M. guillelmi more accurately. These findings contributed to a better understanding of how geophagous earthworm M. guillelmi regulated tissue As accumulation for As stress tolerance, and recommended an optimal depuration mode to characterize As accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Zang
- Asia Hub, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyue He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanzhou Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Che
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Asia Hub, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Xu
- Asia Hub, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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Mekersi N, Kadi K, Hackenberger DK, Casini S, Addad D, Thangaraj R, Chen Z, Zhang C, Yuvaraj A. Accumulation of heavy metals from single and combined olive mill wastewater and pomace in soil and bioaccumulation in tissues of two earthworm species: Endogeic (Aporrectodea trapezoides) and Epigeic (Eisenia fetida). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:45280-45294. [PMID: 38963619 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Soil and earthworms are threatened by anthropogenic contamination resulting from olive mill waste dumping on the soil due to their pollutant properties. While several studies have explored the effects of olive mill waste on soil properties and the accumulation of heavy metals in soil, there is currently a gap in the literature regarding the potential bioaccumulation of heavy metals from olive mill waste in earthworms. In this study, soil with earthworms from two ecological categories (endogeic: Aporrectodea trapezoides and epigeic: Eisenia fetida) was treated with increasing doses of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and olive mill pomace (OMP), applied individually or combined, in an indoor experiment in plastic containers, under laboratory conditions. The results revealed the presence of significant concentrations of heavy metals in the two types of wastes ranging as follows: Fe˃ Zn˃ Cu˃ Cd˃ Cr for OMWW, and Fe˃ Zn˃ Cu˃ Cr for OMP (with Cd below the detection limit). The study demonstrated distinct effects of OMWW and OMP, both individually and in combination, on soil heavy metal content, ranging as follows: soil OMWW > soil Combination > soil OMP for Cd; soil Combination > soil OMWW > soil OMP for Cr and Fe; and soil Combination > soil OMP > soil OMWW for Cu and Zn. Additionally, our investigation showed that both earthworm species exhibited significant uptake of these metals into their tissues, particularly the endogeic species. Interestingly, the most significant difference between species was in the accumulation of Cu, with the epigeic species accumulating significantly lower amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Mekersi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Water, Environment and Health, University of Abbes Laghrour, Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Kenza Kadi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Water, Environment and Health, University of Abbes Laghrour, Khenchela, Algeria
| | | | - Silvia Casini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Dalila Addad
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Water, Environment and Health, University of Abbes Laghrour, Khenchela, Algeria
- Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments Laboratory, Larbi Ben M'hidi University, 04000, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Ramasundaram Thangaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Arable Land Conservation in South China, Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province for Land Use and Consolidation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ananthanarayanan Yuvaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India
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Chen J, Chen S, Liu Z, Wu L, Xiang H, Zhang J, Wei H. A Bibliometric Analysis on Research Progress of Earthworms in Soil Ecosystems. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:385. [PMID: 38927265 PMCID: PMC11201220 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The earthworm, as a soil engineer, plays highly important roles in the soil ecosystem for shaping soil structure, promoting soil fertility, regulating microbial community composition and activities and decomposing soil pollutants. However, the research progresses on this important soil fauna have rarely been reviewed so far. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the literature published during 1900-2022, which was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS). The results showed that three periods (1900-1990, 1991-2005 and 2006-2022) could be identified in terms of the intensity of publications on the topic, and the number of publications kept increasing since 2006. The United States produced the highest publication record at the country scale, whereas Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most productive institution. Chinese institutions and authors played an active and prominent role during 2018-2022. Soil Biology & Biochemistry was the most popular journal for the topic-related research. In these publications, Professor Lavelle P was the most influential author. Based on a citation network of the top 50 cited papers, four hotspots were identified, i.e., the ecological effects of earthworms, the impact of agricultural activities on earthworms, earthworm ecotoxicology and earthworm invasion. Moreover, "impact", "biodiversity", "oxidative stress", "diversity", "response", "Eisenia fetida" and "exposure" were the emerging and active topics in recent years. This study can help us to better understand the relevant subject categories, journals, countries, institutions, authors and articles and identify the research hotspots and emerging trends in the field of soil earthworm research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Shufang Chen
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Ziqiang Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Lizhu Wu
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Huimin Xiang
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaen Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Chatelain M, Nold F, Mathieu J. Metal pollution drives earthworm biodiversity in urban lawns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169867. [PMID: 38185153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Urban soils represent hotspots of metallic trace elements (MTEs) pollution. Despite the critical impact of soil organisms on soil ecosystem services, there is limited understanding regarding the effects of MTE levels in urban soils on these organisms. This is particularly surprising considering that earthworms, key organisms for soil ecosystems, are commonly used in MTE toxicity tests. This research investigates the impact of MTE pollution on earthworm communities in lawns within the city of Paris. In this study, we sampled a comprehensive array of earthworm communities, totalling 965 individuals from 13 distinct species belonging to Lumbricus, Aporrectodea, Allolobophora and Octolasion genera. These communities were collected from three different locations within 18 parks. At these sites, we assessed the concentrations of eight metals and metalloids in the soil (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Hg), along with selenium concentrations and eight fundamental soil parameters, to examine the association between earthworm communities and soil attributes. Median MTE concentrations exceeded recommended statutory limit values by approximately 20 % (0.6 mg/kg Cd), 30 % (36.8 mg/kg Cu), 40 % (122.0 mg/kg Zn), and up to 90 % (0.6 mg/kg Hg and 99.7 mg.kg Pb). Nevertheless, these concentrations exhibited considerable variability both between and within parks, correlating with variations in earthworm community structures. Specifically, our results highlight that Cu concentrations in the soil explain about 6 % of the variation in the assemblage of earthworm species. Our findings underscore the importance of considering MTE pollution levels to enhance our comprehension of earthworm distribution in urban environments and its effects on the ecosystem services provided by urban lawns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Chatelain
- Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraβe 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Université de Paris Cité, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), 15-21 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - François Nold
- Laboratory of Agronomy of the Paris City, Paris Green Space and Environmental Division (DEVE), Parc Floral - Pavillon 5 - Rond Point de la Pyramide, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Mathieu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Université de Paris Cité, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), 15-21 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75005 Paris, France
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Marini E, De Bernardi A, Tagliabue F, Casucci C, Tiano L, Marcheggiani F, Vaccari F, Taskin E, Puglisi E, Brunetti G, Vischetti C. Copper toxicity on Eisenia fetida in a vineyard soil: a combined study with standard tests, genotoxicity assessment and gut metagenomic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13141-13154. [PMID: 38240981 PMCID: PMC10881645 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) toxicity is a pressing concern for several soils, especially in organic viticulture. The objective of this work was to assess Cu toxicity on the non-target organism Eisenia fetida, employing both traditional and novel tools for early identification of Cu-induced damages. In addition to traditional tests like avoidance and reproductive toxicity experiments, other tests such as the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and gut microbiome analysis were evaluated to identify early and more sensitive pollution biomarkers. Four sub-lethal Cu concentrations were studied, and the results showed strong dose-dependent responses by the earthworm avoidance test and the exceeding of habitat threshold limit at the higher Cu doses. An inverse proportionality was observed between reproductive output and soil Cu concentration. Bioaccumulation was not detected in earthworms; soil concentrations of potentially bioavailable Cu were not affected by E. fetida presence or by time. On the contrary, the SCGE test revealed dose-dependent genotoxicity for the 'tail length' parameter already at the second day of Cu exposition. Gut microbiome analysis a modulation of microbial composition, with the most aboundant families being Pectobateriaceae, Comamonadaceae and Microscillaceae. Bacillaceae increased over time and showed adaptability to copper up to 165 mg/kg, while at the highest dose even the sensitive Acetobacteriaceae family was affected. The research provided new insights into the ecotoxicity of Cu sub-lethal doses highlighting both alterations at earthworms' cellular level and changes in their gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Marini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna De Bernardi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Francesca Tagliabue
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiano Casucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Filippo Vaccari
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Eren Taskin
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gianluca Brunetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, SA5095, Australia
| | - Costantino Vischetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
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Schoffer JT, Solari F, Petit-Dit-Grézériat L, Pelosi C, Ginocchio R, Yáñez C, Mazuela P, Neaman A. The downside of copper pesticides: An earthworm's perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16076-16084. [PMID: 38240972 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of copper-based pesticides, while effective in controlling plant diseases, has been identified as a major source of copper contamination in soils. This raises concerns about potential adverse effects on earthworms, key players in soil health and ecosystem function. To inform sustainable pesticide practices, this study aimed to establish copper toxicity thresholds for earthworm avoidance in agricultural soils impacted by copper-based pesticides. We collected 40 topsoil samples (0-5 cm) from orchards and vineyards in the O'Higgins Region of central Chile, and 10 additional soils under native vegetation as background references. A standardized avoidance bioassay using Eisenia fetida assessed the impact of copper-based pesticides on the soils. Total copper concentrations ranged between 23 and 566 mg kg-1, with observed toxic effects on earthworms in certain soils. The effective concentration at 50% (EC50) for total soil copper, determined by Eisenia fetida's avoidance response, was 240 mg kg-1, with a 95% confidence interval of 193-341 mg kg-1. We further compared our EC50 values with existing data from agricultural soils impacted by mining activities. Interestingly, the results revealed a remarkable similarity between the thresholds for earthworm avoidance, regardless of the source of copper contamination. This observation underscores the universality of copper toxicity in agricultural ecosystems and its potential impact on soil biota. This study provides novel insights into copper toxicity thresholds for earthworms in real-world, pesticide-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Tomás Schoffer
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fiama Solari
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucas Petit-Dit-Grézériat
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, Avignon, France
- Avignon Université, IMBE, Pôle Agroscience, Avignon, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, Avignon, France
| | - Rosanna Ginocchio
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Yáñez
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pilar Mazuela
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Alexander Neaman
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
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Ahmadpour M, Wang W, Sinkakarimi MH, Ahmadpour M, Hosseini SH. Joint toxicity of cadmium and fenpyroximate on two earthworms: Interspecific differences, subcellular partitioning and biomarker responses. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139329. [PMID: 37364643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and fenpyroximate are common soil contaminants found together in the field, but their combined toxicity to terrestrial invertebrates has not been studied. Therefore, earthworms Aporrectodea jassyensis and E. fetida were exposed into Cd (5, 10, 50 and 100 μg/g) and fenpyroximate (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 μg/g) and their mixture, and multiple biomarker responses (mortality, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant activity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (MDA), protein content, weight loss and subcellular partitioning) were determined to estimate health status and mixture effect. MDA, SOD, TAC, and weight loss were significantly correlated with Cd in total internal and debris (p < 0.01). Fenpyroximate altered the subcellular distribution of Cd. It appears that maintaining Cd in a non-toxic form was the earthworms' primary Cd detoxification strategy. CAT activity was inhibited by Cd, fenpyroximate, and their combined presence. BRI values for all treatments indicated a major and severe alteration in earthworm's health. The combined toxicity of Cd and fenpyroximate was greater than the toxicity of either substance alone. According to EAI, all combined treatments exhibited a clear antagonistic effect. In general, the sensitivity of A. jassyensis was greater than that of E. fetida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Ahmadpour
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jingsu, 210037, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jingsu, 210037, China
| | - Mohammad Hosein Sinkakarimi
- Research Center for the Caspian Region, University of Mazandaran, CP: 47416-13534, Babolsar, Iran; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Mazandaran, CP: 47416-13534, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Ahmadpour
- Research Center for the Caspian Region, University of Mazandaran, CP: 47416-13534, Babolsar, Iran; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Mazandaran, CP: 47416-13534, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Hosseini
- Research Center for the Caspian Region, University of Mazandaran, CP: 47416-13534, Babolsar, Iran; College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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9
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Yang S, Yang D, Taylor D, He M, Liu X, Xu J. Tracking cadmium pollution from source to receptor: A health-risk focused transfer continuum approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161574. [PMID: 36640872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure poses a substantial risk to human health. Despite this, the multi-stage process through which Cd is released to the environment before being taken up and impacting human receptors has rarely been investigated. Here we utilized an integrated model involving Cd emissions, atmospheric transport, deposition, uptake by rice, receptor ingestion and metabolic processing in quantifying the critical emission sources and human health risks of Cd. Atmospheric Cd emissions in the study area in southeastern China were estimated at 147 kg (2016), with >53 % of emissions from non-ferrous metals (NFM) smelting activities. Atmospheric Cd depositions caused elevated Cd content in soil and rice, accounting for 3-79 % and 50-85 % of, respectively, soil and rice Cd. Cumulative frequency analysis showed that an estimated 1.3 % of predicted urine Cd through the consumption of Cd-contaminated rice and exceeded existing safety standards (1 μg g-1), thus highlighting the risks posed to health from high levels of Cd pollution. Applying stricter industrial emission standards to the NFM sector in particular and effective soil management practices could substantially reduce exposure to Cd pollution. The results contribute to understanding of the Cd transfer process and draw attention to the relative health benefits of interventions aimed at mitigating Cd levels and exposure risks at different stages along the Cd transfer continuum from source to receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Yang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - David Taylor
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 117650, Singapore
| | - Mingjiang He
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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10
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Romano D, Di Giovanni A, Pucciariello C, Stefanini C. Turning earthworms into moonworms: Earthworms colonization of lunar regolith as a bioengineering approach supporting future crop growth in space. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14683. [PMID: 37020940 PMCID: PMC10068126 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The earthworms beneficial effects on soils may be promising to improve lunar soil fertility, enabling the use of local substrates for space farming. Herein, we investigated the effects of the lunar regolith simulant (LHS-1) at different concentrations in cow manure mixtures on the survival and fitness of Eisenia fetida. During 14 and 60-day experiments, although E. fetida showed an increased mortality with LHS-1 alone, most of the population survived. More numerous tunnels were observed when exposed to the higher concentrations of LHS-1 (poor in nutrients for earthworms). This may be related to an increased mobility for food search. The cocoons production was not affected by different substrate treatments, except for the highest concentration of LHS-1. No effects of different LHS-1 concentrations on the amount of ingested substrate were recorded. This study shows that E. fetida can potentially colonize lunar regolith representing a future valuable biological tool for supporting crops growth on the Moon.
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11
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Maystrenko T, Rybak A. Radium uptake by earthworms E. fetida after exposure to contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 257:107085. [PMID: 36538842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radium-226 is one of the most important radionuclides for assessing the radiation exposure in terrestrial ecosystems in terms of its significant contribution to the internal and total dose rates. A laboratory culture of Eisenia fetida was exposed to soil contaminated with 226Ra and 238U during two months. These nuclides entered the soil as a result of industrial radium production (Vodny, Komi Republic, Russia). The concentrations of 226Ra and 238U were 89000 ± 9000 and 2130 ± 270 Bq kg-1 of soil. Bioaccumulation of 226Ra was investigated in E. fetida exposed to the radioactive soil or to a mixture containing the same radioactive soil diluted with peat and sand. The activity concentrations of 226Ra in E. fetida were higher after exposure to the contaminated soil compared to the mixture. The literature data on the radium accumulation in earthworms were considered also. Our experiments showed that the concentration ratio (CR) of 226Ra in E. fetida varied from 5.5 × 10-4 to 4.5 × 10-3 Bq kg-1 f.w./Bq kg-1 d.w. The average CRs were (6.7 ± 1.7) × 10-4 for the earthworms E. fetida from the soil mixture and (3.2 ± 1.2) × 10-3 for those from the radioactive soil. These CRs for 226Ra were up to two orders of magnitude lower than the values calculated by us from the results obtained by other researchers for natural earthworm populations in areas with lower levels radioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Maystrenko
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of RAS, Russia.
| | - Anna Rybak
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of RAS, Russia.
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12
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Pires E, Lana PDC, Mafra LL. Phycotoxins and marine annelids - A global review. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 122:102373. [PMID: 36754459 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several species of microalgae can produce potent phycotoxins that negatively affect aquatic organisms and their consumers following different exposure routes, as well as toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) processes. Benthic organisms are especially vulnerable as they are exposed to both benthic and planktonic species causative of harmful algal blooms (HABs). While benthic algae can come into direct contact with annelids during substrate remobilization, planktonic cells can settle to the bottom mostly during senescence and/or encystment stages, and in shallow and calm waters. We performed a systematic, qualitative review of the literature on the phycotoxin TK and TD processes in marine annelids, summarizing the most relevant findings and general trends. Besides, by using innovative analytical/statistical approaches, we were able to detect patterns and gaps in the current literature, thus pointing to future research directions. We retrieved and analyzed studies involving diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs), paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), brevetoxins (PbTXs), domoic acid (DA), as well as palytoxin and its congeners, the ovatoxins (treated together as PLTXs). It is worth mentioning that studies evaluating other phycotoxins (e.g., ciguatoxins, yessotoxins) were not found in the literature. The absence of data on PbTXs, PSTs and DA is the largest gap hampering TK assessment in annelids, although some relevant information on TD is already available. Whereas lethal effects from DSTs have not been reported, more potent toxins like PbTXs, PSTs, DA and those grouped as PLTX-like compounds can cause mortality and/or marked decrease in annelid abundance. In addition, phycotoxins have been linked to sublethal effects on annelid cells. Although very sparse, field and laboratory studies offer strong evidence that annelids may be reliable indicators of toxin exposure and their negative effects during both early and later stages of HABs in marine environments. Besides quickly responding to these compounds at both organismic and suborganismic levels, annelids are easily found in areas affected by HABs. The use of annelids in future investigations evaluating the action mechanisms of toxic microalgae on marine invertebrates should be thus encouraged. In this case, the choice for widely dispersed and numerically dominant species of annelids would strengthen the validation and extrapolation of results from risk assessments in areas affected by HABs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Pires
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira Mar s / n, CEP 83255-976, PO Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Paulo da Cunha Lana
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira Mar s / n, CEP 83255-976, PO Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Laureno Mafra
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira Mar s / n, CEP 83255-976, PO Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
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13
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Laurent C, Bravin MN, Blanchart E, Crouzet O, Pelosi C, Lamy I. Does a decade of soil organic fertilization promote copper and zinc bioavailability to an epi-endogeic earthworm? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17472-17486. [PMID: 36197613 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While long-term organic fertilizer (OF) applications tend to decrease copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) availability in agricultural soils, earthworm bioturbation has been reported to have the opposite effect. Thus, the consequences of OF amendments in earthworm-inhabited soils on Cu and Zn bioavailability to earthworms are still under debate. Here, we assessed the effect of a decade of agronomically realistic OF applications on Cu and Zn availability in earthworm-inhabited soils and the consequences on Cu and Zn bioavailability to earthworms. An epi-endogeic species (Dichogaster saliens) was exposed in microcosms to three field-collected soils that had received either no, mineral, or organic fertilization for a decade. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties (i.e., concentration, aromaticity, and binding properties toward Cu), pH, and Cu and Zn availability (i.e., total concentration and free ionic activity) were determined in the solution of the soil containing earthworms. Cu and Zn bioavailability was assessed by measuring the net accumulation (ng) and concentration of Cu and Zn in earthworms (mg kg-1). Despite soil Cu and Zn contamination induced by a decade of OF applications, organic fertilization induced an increase in soil pH and DOM properties that drove the reduction of Cu and Zn availability in earthworm-inhabited soils, while bioturbation had little effect on soil pH, DOM properties, and Cu and Zn availability. Consistently, Cu and Zn bioavailability to earthworms did not increase with OF applications. From an ecotoxicological perspective, our results suggest that agronomically realistic applications of OF for a decade should not pose a risk to earthworms in terms of Cu and Zn net accumulation, but further studies have to be undertaken to understand consequent long-term toxicity after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Laurent
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et risque, 97743, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
- Recyclage et risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Avenue Agropolis, Cedex 5, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu N Bravin
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et risque, 97743, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France.
- Recyclage et risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Avenue Agropolis, Cedex 5, 34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Eric Blanchart
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Crouzet
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, Ecotoxicology team, 78026, Versailles, France
- OFB, Unité Petite Faune Sédentaire et Outre-mer, Paris, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, Ecotoxicology team, 78026, Versailles, France
- UMR 1114 EMMAH, INRAE, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Isabelle Lamy
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, Ecotoxicology team, 78026, Versailles, France
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14
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Shi H, Wang P, Zheng J, Deng Y, Zhuang C, Huang F, Xiao R. A comprehensive framework for identifying contributing factors of soil trace metal pollution using Geodetector and spatial bivariate analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159636. [PMID: 36280075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The accurate identification of pollution sources is important for controlling soil pollution. However, the widely used Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model generally relies on knowledge and experience to accurately identify pollution sources; thus, this method faces significant challenges in objectively identifying soil pollution sources. Herein, we established a comprehensive source analysis framework using factor identification and geospatial analysis, and revealed the factors contributing to trace metal(loid) (TM) pollution in soil in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. Using the PMF model, we initially considered that the PRD may be affected by natural, atmospheric, traffic and industrial, and agricultural sources. Moreover, Geodetector model detected the relationship between TMs and 12 environmental variables based on the strong spatial "source-sink" relationship of pollutants. The parent material and digital elevation model were the key factors predicting the accumulation of Cr, Ni, and Cu. Industries and roads were the most important determinants of Pb, Zn, and Cd, whereas atmospheric deposition was more important for Hg accumulation. The accumulation of As was found to be closely related to agricultural activities such as the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The spatial autocorrelation between soil TM pollution and environmental variables further supports this hypothesis. Overall, the obtained results showed that proposed approach improved the accuracy of source apportionment and provided a basis for soil pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyuan Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jiatong Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yirong Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changwei Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rongbo Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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15
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Pastor-Jáuregui R, Paniagua-López M, Aguilar-Garrido A, Martínez-Garzón FJ, Romero-Freire A, Sierra-Aragón M. Ecotoxicological risk assessment in soils contaminated by Pb and As 20 years after a mining spill. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 251:104100. [PMID: 36347658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the potential toxicity of the soils of the Guadiamar Green Corridor (GGC) affected by the Aznalcóllar mine spill (Andalusia, Spain), one of the most important mining accidents in Europe in recent decades. Twenty years after the accident, although the area is considered to be recovered, residual contamination in soils persists, and the bioavailability of some contaminants, such as As, is showing trends of increasing. Therefore, the potential residual toxicity in 84 soil samples was evaluated by bioassays with lettuce (Latuca sativa L.), earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and determining the microbial activity by basal respiration and metabolic quotient. The selected soils sampled along the GGC were divided into 4 types according to their physicochemical properties. In the closest part of the mine two soil types appear (SS1 and SS2), originally decarbonated and loamy, with a reduction in lettuce root elongation of 57% and 34% compared to the control, as well as a the highest metabolic quotient (23.9 and 18.1 ng CcO2 μg Cmicrob-1 h-1, respectively) with the highest risk of Pb and As toxicity. While, located in the middle and final part of the affected area of the spill (SS3 and SS4), soils presented alkaline pH, finer textures and the lowest metabolic quotient (<9.5 ng CcO2 μg Cmicrob-1 h-1). In addition, due to Pb and As exceeded the Guideline values established in the studied area, the human toxicity risk was determined according to US-EPA methodology. Although the total contents were higher than the Guidelines established, the obtained hazard quotients for both contaminants were less than one, so the risk for human health was discarded. However, monitoring over time of the toxicity risks of the GGC soils would be advisable, especially due to the existence of areas where residual contamination persist, and soil hazard quotient obtained for As in children was higher and close to unity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pastor-Jáuregui
- Dpto. Acad. de Recursos Hídricos, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University Nacional Agraria La Molina, Peru
| | - M Paniagua-López
- Dpto. Edafología y Química Agrícola, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Spain; Dpto. Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Spain
| | - A Aguilar-Garrido
- Dpto. Edafología y Química Agrícola, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F J Martínez-Garzón
- Dpto. Edafología y Química Agrícola, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A Romero-Freire
- Dpto. Edafología y Química Agrícola, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - M Sierra-Aragón
- Dpto. Edafología y Química Agrícola, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Spain
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16
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Tőzsér D, Mizser S, Karaffa K, Málik-Roffa H, Magura T. A meta-analysis-based evaluation of metallic element accumulation in earthworms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107546. [PMID: 36183488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The responses of earthworms to excess soil element concentrations are well studied. However, published information on the metallic element accumulation in individuals is controversial. In this paper, the published data on earthworm As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn whole body concentrations were evaluated in individuals collected from contaminated and uncontaminated (control) soils, using meta-analyses. The role of soil pH and exposure time as potential influencing factors on metal accumulation was also assessed. Based on the evaluations, the accumulation of each metallic element was significantly (p < 0.05) more intensive in individuals collected from contaminated soils than in ones from control soils, with minor differences in the order of accumulation intensity among the studied metallic elements. Further, major interspecific differences were indicated in the accumulation, with different species being the most intensive accumulators for individual metallic elements. Among the studied metals, Cu concentration in earthworm bodies increased significantly with increasing soil pH. As for the exposure time-dependent accumulation, Pb concentration was found to decrease significantly with time in whole body tissues of earthworms. These results suggested a high variability in metal- and species-specific accumulation-excretion patterns of earthworms, influenced also by other external factors. Based on the results highlighted in this meta-analysis, accumulation schemes raise the need for further analyses involving other additional variables (e.g., soil type, organic matter content, climatic condition) to get a better understanding of element cycle-earthworm relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Tőzsér
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Mizser
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Karaffa
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Málik-Roffa
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Magura
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-DE Anthropocene Ecology Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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17
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Wang L, Yang D, Chen R, Ma F, Wang G. How a functional soil animal-earthworm affect arbuscular mycorrhizae-assisted phytoremediation in metals contaminated soil? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128991. [PMID: 35650720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a promising and sustainable technology to remediate the risk of heavy metals (HMs) contaminated soils, however, this way is limited to some factors contributing to slow plant growth and low remediation efficiency. As soil beneficial microbe, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) assisted phytoremediation is an environment-friendly and high-efficiency bioremediation technology. However, AMF-symbiotic formation and their functional expression responsible for HMs-polluted remediation are significantly influenced by edaphic fauna. Earthworms as common soil fauna, may have various effects on formation of AMF symbiosis, and exhibit synergy with AMF for the combined remediation of HMs-contaminated soils. For now, AMF-assisted phytoremediation incorporating earthworm coexistence is scarcely reported. Therefore, the main focus of this review is to discuss the AMF effects under earthworm coexistence. Effects of AMF-symbiotic formation influenced by earthworms are fully reviewed. Moreover, underlying mechanisms and synergy of the two in HMs remediation, soil improvement, and plant growth were comprehensively elucidated. Phenomenon of "functional synergism" between earthworms and AMF may be a significant mechanism for HMs phytoremediation. Finally, this review analyses shortcomings and prescriptions in the practical application of the technology and provides new insights into AMF- earthworms synergistic remediation of HMs-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Dongguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Rongjian Chen
- Yichun Luming Mining Co., Ltd, Tieli 152500, PR China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Gen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
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18
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Wang Y, Wang ZJ, Huang JC, Chachar A, Zhou C, He S. Bioremediation of selenium-contaminated soil using earthworm Eisenia fetida: Effects of gut bacteria in feces on the soil microbiome. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134544. [PMID: 35405199 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) contamination in the soil poses a food safety risk to humans. The present study was to investigate the role of earthworm Eisenia fetida in soil Se remediation. When exposed to selenite at 4 mg Se/kg, E. fetida efficiently concentrated Se in tissues (24.53 mg Se/kg dry weight), however, only accounting for a minor portion of the added Se. Microbial analysis shows 12 out of 15 functional genera became more abundant in the worm-inhabited soil when exposed to Se, suggesting E. fetida contributed to Se remediation mainly by introducing Se-reducing bacteria to the soil via feces, which were dominated by the genera Pseudomonas (∼62.65%) and Aeromonas (∼29.99%), whose abundance was also significantly boosted in the worm-inhabited soil. However, when isolated from worm feces at 200 mg Se/L, Pseudomonas strains only displayed a high tolerance to Se rather than removal capacity. In contrast, among 4 isolated Aeromonas strains, A. caviae rapidly removing 85.74% of the added selenite, mainly through accumulation (67.38%), while A. hydrophila and A. veronii were more effective at volatilizing Se (27.77% and 24.54%, respectively), and A. media performed best by reducing Se by ∼49.00% under anaerobic conditions. Overall, our findings have highlighted the importance of E. fetida as a key contributor of functional bacteria to the soil microbiome, building a strong foundation for the development of an earthworm-soil system for Se bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zi-Jing Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Azharuddin Chachar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Chuanqi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
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19
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Liu Y, Liu S, Zhao W, Xia C, Wu M, Wang Q, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Zuza AV, Tian X. Assessment of heavy metals should be performed before the development of the selenium-rich soil: A case study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112990. [PMID: 35217010 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of selenium (Se)-rich soils in China is an effective method for rural revitalization, but assessment of heavy metals is essential prior to the development of Se-rich soils. This study was focused on the Jiangjin district, a typical Se-rich area located in Sichuan Basin of China, to investigate contamination, influencing factors, and sources of As, Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn based on 156 topsoil samples. This study analyzed and compared the enrichment factor (EF), Nemerow index (PN), geographical information system (GIS), and positive matrix factorization (PMF). Results demonstrate that the average values of As, Cu, Cd, Sb, and Zn in topsoil were higher than the soil background values of western Chongqing by approximately 1.75, 1.11, 1.27, 1.71, and 2.58 times, respectively, indicating that some heavy metals have been enriched in the soils. The polluted areas of As, Cu, Cd, and Zn in topsoil were mainly distributed in the northern and central Jiangjin district, whereas high-Sb soils were located in the southeast. The Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Sb were concentrated in Se-rich soils, indicating that heavy metals pollution should be carefully considered for the utilization of Se-rich soils. Four potential sources of heavy metals were found in this study area: 1) the parent materials (Cr, Ni, Cu); 2) industrial activities with high coal consumption (As); 3) mechanical and chemical industrial activities (Zn, Sb); and 4) transportation and agricultural activities (Pb, Cd). These observations provide a scientific basis for the development, utilization, and protection of Se-rich soil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of GIS Application Research, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Geography and Tourism College, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shuling Liu
- The Key Laboratory of GIS Application Research, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Geography and Tourism College, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences, Jinan, 250013, China; Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resource Utilization, MNR, Jinan, 250013, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Geological Process and Resource Utilization, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Chuanbo Xia
- Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences, Jinan, 250013, China; Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resource Utilization, MNR, Jinan, 250013, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Geological Process and Resource Utilization, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Mei Wu
- The Key Laboratory of GIS Application Research, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Geography and Tourism College, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences, Jinan, 250013, China; Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resource Utilization, MNR, Jinan, 250013, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Geological Process and Resource Utilization, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences, Jinan, 250013, China; Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resource Utilization, MNR, Jinan, 250013, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Geological Process and Resource Utilization, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences, Jinan, 250013, China; Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resource Utilization, MNR, Jinan, 250013, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Geological Process and Resource Utilization, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Andrew V Zuza
- Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Xinglei Tian
- Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences, Jinan, 250013, China; Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resource Utilization, MNR, Jinan, 250013, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Geological Process and Resource Utilization, Jinan, 250013, China.
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20
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Liu H, Qu M, Chen J, Guang X, Zhang J, Liu M, Kang J, Zhao Y, Huang B. Heavy metal accumulation in the surrounding areas affected by mining in China: Spatial distribution patterns, risk assessment, and influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:154004. [PMID: 35192835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies about heavy metal (HM) accumulation in the surrounding areas affected by mining mainly focused on a single or just a few mining areas. However, these studies could not provide adequate information supporting HM controls in soils at the national scale. This study first conducted a literature investigation and collected HM data in mining areas in China from 263 pieces of published literature. Then, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk index (ER), and health risk assessment model were adopted to evaluate their HM pollution, ecological risks, and health risks, respectively. Finally, Geodetector and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to explore the relationships between the spatial distribution patterns of HMs in soils and their influencing factors. Results showed that: (i) the average concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Ni, and Cr were 5.4, 1.2, 335.3, 496.1, 105.8, 55.0, 42.6, and 72.4 mg kg-1, respectively, in the surrounding areas affected by mining in China; Cd pollution in soils (Igeo = 2.9) was most severe; Cd (ERCd > 320) and Hg (ERHg > 320) were the main ecological risk factors; (ii) among the selected factors, mine types, clay content, soil organic carbon, and precipitation with the highest relative importance for the spatial distribution patterns of the HMs; (iii) HM accumulation were inversely proportional to soil pH, and were proportional to clay content, precipitation, and temperature; (iv) As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Ni should be selected as the HMs to be controlled preferentially; (v) priority attention should be given to mining areas in Central South China, Southwest China, Liaoning province, and Zhejiang province; (vi) special attention should be given to mining areas of antimony, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, and lead‑zinc. The above results provided crucial information for HM control in the areas affected by mining at the national scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Liu
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mingkai Qu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Guang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Maosheng Liu
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Junfeng Kang
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Yongcun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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The Survival Response of Earthworm ( Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060320. [PMID: 35736928 PMCID: PMC9227884 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Frequent use of herbicides may impose a risk on non-target species. The objective was to test the combined toxic effect of binary herbicide mixtures—metribuzin:halosulfuron and metribuzin:flumioxazin—on non-target earthworms in two test systems: filter paper and a soil toxicity test system. The joint action experiments were independently run twice to substantiate the findings. The most potent individual herbicide was metribuzin, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 17.17 µg ai. cm−2 at 48 h in the filter paper test. The toxicity of the individual herbicides on the filter paper test was ranked as metribuzin>halosulfuron>flumioxazin. In the soil test, metribuzin and halosulfuron had high toxicity with an LC50 of 8.48 and 10.08 mg ai. kg−1, respectively, on day 14. Thus, the individual herbicide ranking did not change between the filter paper and artificial soil tests. The herbicide’s mixed effect in both test systems showed a consistent antagonistic effect relative to a Concentration Addition reference model. It indicates that the mixtures retracted the herbicide’s action in the earthworms.
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22
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Zhang M, Jouquet P, Dai J, Xiao L, Du Y, Liu K, Motelica-Heino M, Lavelle P, Zhong H, Zhang C. Assessment of bioremediation potential of metal contaminated soils (Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) by earthworms from their tolerance, accumulation and impact on metal activation and soil quality: A case study in South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:152834. [PMID: 34999072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the potential of four earthworm species commonly found in South China for the bioremediation of soils contaminated by Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. Survival rates and metal accumulation of Eisenia fetida, Amynthas morrisi, A. robustus and A. corticis and changes in soil physico-chemical properties were investigated in a 60-day incubation experiment with a metal-polluted soil. At the end of the experiment, the survival rates of E. fetida, A. morrisi and A. robustus were significantly higher than that of A. corticis. Principal component analysis showed that earthworm activity improved soil quality with the averaging soil quality index being 0.66, 0.64, 0.56, 0.53, and 0.12 for the A. corticis, A. morrisi, A. robustus, E. fetida, and control treatments, respectively. The highest total available Cd, Cu, and Pb in casts were found in the treatment with A. morrisi, and this species accumulated the smallest amount of metals. Results indicate that A. morrisi may be the best candidate for earthworm-assisted bioremediation of metal contaminated soils in South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Arable Land Conservation in South China/Centre of Land consolidation and soil bioremediation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Pascal Jouquet
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement, IESS, 93143 Bondy, France
| | - Jun Dai
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Arable Land Conservation in South China/Centre of Land consolidation and soil bioremediation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Arable Land Conservation in South China/Centre of Land consolidation and soil bioremediation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Arable Land Conservation in South China/Centre of Land consolidation and soil bioremediation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexue Liu
- Department of Resources and the Urban Planning, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | | | - Patrick Lavelle
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement, IESS, 93143 Bondy, France
| | - Hesen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Arable Land Conservation in South China/Centre of Land consolidation and soil bioremediation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Arable Land Conservation in South China/Centre of Land consolidation and soil bioremediation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Santos FCF, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM, Amorim MJB. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113485. [PMID: 35390690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicokinetics-toxicodynamics (TKTD) of Cu and Cd in the soil model organism Enchytraeus crypticus, and assess the development of internal effect concentrations over time. Animals were exposed in LUFA 2.2 soil spiked with increasing concentrations of Cu and Cd. Survival, reproduction and internal metal concentrations in the animals were evaluated at different points in time over a period of 21 days. Internal concentrations increased with time, for Cu reaching a steady state after c. 10 days, except for the highest test concentration, and for Cd continuing to increase after 21 days. Applying a one-compartment model to all data together, estimated uptake and elimination rate constants for Cu and Cd were 0.08 and 0.45 kg soil/kg organism/day and 0.4 and 0.04 per day, respectively. Median lethal concentrations, based on total soil concentrations, decreased with time for Cu and did not reach a steady state level, but they did not change with time for Cd. The LC50inter (based on internal concentrations) was 75 mg Cu/kg body DW and > 800 mg Cd/kg body weight. Animals were able to regulate Cu internal concentrations, keeping them low, while for Cd internal concentrations continued to increase showing lack of regulation and also the importance of exposure time. This study highlights the advantages of using a TKTD approach to understand the relation between organism survival and internal Cu or Cd concentrations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C F Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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24
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Riedl SAB, Völkl M, Holzinger A, Jasinski J, Jérôme V, Scheibel T, Feldhaar H, Freitag R. In vitro cultivation of primary intestinal cells from Eisenia fetida as basis for ecotoxicological studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:221-233. [PMID: 34791607 PMCID: PMC8901508 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The earthworm Eisenia fetida is a commonly used model organism for unspecific soil feeders in ecotoxicological studies. Its intestinal cells are the first to encounter possible pollutants co-ingested by the earthworm, which makes them prime candidates for studies of toxic effects of environmental pollutants on the cellular as compared to the organismic level. In this context, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the suitability of preparations of primary intestinal E. fetida cells for in vitro ecotoxicological studies. For this purpose, a suitable isolation and cultivation protocol was established. Cells were isolated directly from the intestine, maintaining >85% viability during subsequent cultivations (up to 144 h). Exposure to established pollutants and soil elutriates comprising silver nanoparticles and metal ions (Cu2+, Cd2+) induced a significant decrease in the metabolic activity of the cells. In case of microplastic particles (MP particles), namely 0.2, 0.5, 2.0, and 3.0 µm diameter polystyrene (PS) beads as well as 0.5 and 2.0 µm diameter polylactic acid (PLA) beads, no active uptake was observed. Slight positive as well as negative dose and size dependent effects on the metabolism were seen, which to some extent might correlate with effects on the organismic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A B Riedl
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Völkl
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anja Holzinger
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Julia Jasinski
- Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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25
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Application of Deinococcus radiodurans in the treatment of environmental pollution by heavy metals and radionuclides. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Huang C, Ge Y, Shen Z, Wang K, Yue S, Qiao Y. Reveal the metal handling and resistance of earthworm Metaphire californica with different exposure history through toxicokinetic modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117954. [PMID: 34426187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxicokinetic (TK) model provides a new approach to mechanistically elucidate the natural variation of metal handling strategy by adaptive and sensitive earthworm populations. Here, TK model was applied to explore the metal handling and resistance strategy of wild Metaphire californica with different historical exposure history through a 12-day re-exposure and another 12-day elimination incubation. M. californica populations showed different kinetic strategies for non-essential metals (Cd and Pb) and essential metals (Zn and Cu), which were closely related to their exposure history. M. californica from the most serious Cd-contaminated soil showed the fastest kinetic rates of both Cd uptake (K1 = 0.78 gsoil/gworm/day) and elimination (K2 = 0.23 day-1), and also had the lowest Cd half-life (t1/2 = 3.01 day), which demonstrated the potential Cd-resistance of wild M. californica from Cd-contaminated soils. Besides, the comparative experiment showed totally different metal kinetics of laboratory Eisenia fetida from field M. californica, suggesting the impacts of distinct exposure history and species-specifical sensitivities. These findings provide a novel approach to identify and quantify resistance using TK model and also imply the risk of overlooking existing exposure background and interspecies extrapolation in eco-toxicological studies and risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caide Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Ge
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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27
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Yang S, Taylor D, Yang D, He M, Liu X, Xu J. A synthesis framework using machine learning and spatial bivariate analysis to identify drivers and hotspots of heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117611. [PMID: 34174665 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Source apportionment can be an effective tool in mitigating soil pollution but its efficacy is often limited by a lack of information on the factors that influence the accumulation of pollutants at a site. In response to this limitation and focusing on a suite of heavy metals identified as priorities for pollution control, the study established a comprehensive pollution control framework using factor identification coupled with spatial agglomeration for agricultural soils in an industrialized part of Zhejiang Province, China. In addition to elucidating the key role of industrial and traffic activities on heavy metal accumulation through implementing a receptor model, specific influencing factors were identified using a random forest model. The distance from the soil sample location to the nearest likely industrial source was the most important factor in determining cadmium and copper concentrations, while distance to the nearest road was more important for lead and zinc pollution. Soil parent materials, pH, organic matter, and clay particle size were the key factors influencing accumulation of arsenic, chromium, and nickel. Spatial auto-correlation between levels of soil metal pollution and industrial agglomeration can enable a more targeted approach to pollution control measures. Overall, the approach and results provide a basis for improved accuracy in source apportionment, and thus improved soil pollution control, at the regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Yang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 117650, Singapore
| | - David Taylor
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 117650, Singapore
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingjiang He
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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28
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Deep-Sea Actinobacteria Mitigate Salinity Stress in Tomato Seedlings and Their Biosafety Testing. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081687. [PMID: 34451732 PMCID: PMC8401925 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an enormous problem affecting global agricultural productivity. Deep-sea actinobacteria are interesting due to their salt tolerance mechanisms. In the present study, we aim to determine the ability of deep-sea Dermacoccus (D. barathri MT2.1T and D. profundi MT2.2T) to promote tomato seedlings under 150 mM NaCl compared with the terrestrial strain D. nishinomiyaensis DSM20448T. All strains exhibit in vitro plant growth-promoting traits of indole-3-acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization, and siderophore production. Tomato seedlings inoculated with D. barathri MT2.1T showed higher growth parameters (shoot and root length, dry weight, and chlorophyll content) than non-inoculated tomato and the terrestrial strain under 150 mM NaCl. In addition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in leaves of tomatoes inoculated with deep-sea Dermacoccus was lower than the control seedlings. This observation suggested that deep-sea Dermacoccus mitigated salt stress by reducing oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide. D. barathri MT2.1T showed no harmful effects on Caenorhabditis elegans, Daphnia magna, Eisenia foetida, and Escherichia coli MC4100 in biosafety tests. This evidence suggests that D. barathri MT2.1T would be safe for use in the environment. Our results highlight the potential of deep-sea Dermacoccus as a plant growth promoter for tomatoes under salinity stress.
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29
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Adeel M, Shakoor N, Hussain T, Azeem I, Zhou P, Zhang P, Hao Y, Rinklebe J, Rui Y. Bio-interaction of nano and bulk lanthanum and ytterbium oxides in soil system: Biochemical, genetic, and histopathological effects on Eisenia fetida. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125574. [PMID: 33756203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The massive application of rare earth elements (REEs) in electronic industries cause their inevitable release into the environment; however, its effects on soil biota remain largely unaddressed. We investigated the E. fetida detoxification potential of nano and bulk La2O3 and Yb2O3 and their potential impact on biochemical and genetic markers at 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg kg-1 concentration. We found that earthworms bioremediate 3-15% La2O3 and Yb2O3 contaminated soil at low and medium levels, while this potential was limited at higher levels. Nano and bulk La2O3 and Yb2O3 treatment induced neurotoxicity in earthworm by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase by 49-65% and 22-36% at 500 and 1000 mg kg-1, respectively. Nano La2O3 proved to be highly detrimental, mainly through oxidative stress and subsequent failure of antioxidant system. Nano La2O3 and Yb2O3 at 100 mg kg-1 significantly down-regulated the expression of annetocin mRNA in the parental and progeny earthworms by 50% and 20%, which is crucial for earthworm reproduction. Similarly, expression level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and metallothionein was significantly upregulated in both generations at medium exposure level. Histological observations showed that nano REEs at 200 mg kg-1 induced drastic changes in the intestinal epithelium and typhlosole of E. fetida. To date, our results enhance the understanding of interaction between REEs and earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- College of Veterinary Sciences, The University Agriculture Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Azeem
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pingfan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yi Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yue S, Huang C, Wang R, Qiao Y. Selenium toxicity, bioaccumulation, and distribution in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to different substrates. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112250. [PMID: 33915450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential microelement for human or animal health. At high concentrations, it can cause Se poisoning. Human activities (such as coal burning and mining) threaten soil biota by mobilizing high levels of Se. We used the earthworm Eisenia fetida as a bio-indicator of environmental pollutants to investigate Se acute toxicity, enrichment, and distribution through exposure tests using filter paper, artificial soil and cow manure. The 24 h- and 48 h-LC50 for the filter paper contact test were 2.7 and 1.52 μg/cm2. In artificial soil test, the 14 d-LC50 and 14 d-biomass inhibition concentration (IC20) were 63.86 and 59.81 mg/kg, respectively. The cow manure resulted in a 2.2- and 2.6-fold higher LC50 and IC20 than artificial soil results, respectively. Earthworms accumulated the largest Se load (89.47 mg/kg) in artificial soil containing 80 mg Se/kg and only accumulated 90.3 mg/kg in cow manure containing 160 mg Se/kg; 46.6-60.59% of the total Se was distributed in the tail of E. fetida. The Se enrichment rate (SERSe) and bioaccumulation factor (BAFSe) scored higher in artificial soil than in cow manure with the same Se concentration exposure, and the highest SERSe was 6.21 and 6.31 mg Se/kg earthworm/d, respectively. The highest BAFSe was 1.49 in artificial soil and 0.75 in cow manure. Our results demonstrate that selenite is more toxic to earthworms living in artificial soil than in cow manure. E. fetida possesses certain Se detoxification mechanisms by distributing Se in the tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Caide Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Shi Z, Yan J, Ren X, Wen M, Zhao Y, Wang C. Effects of biochar and thermally treated biochar on Eisenia fetida survival, growth, lysosomal membrane stability and oxidative stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144778. [PMID: 33508671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite its known positive impacts when added to soil, the negative effects of biochar on earthworms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the toxicity of nine biochars of three feedstock origins, animal (cow dung), plant (corncob) and microorganism (sewage sludge), produced at three pyrolysis temperatures (350 °C, 550 °C and 750 °C) on earthworms. Vermitoxicity was first assessed using acute toxicity test, neutral red retention time (NRRT) assay and oxidative stress response assay. Furthermore, we evaluated whether the thermal treatment of biochars could reduce their vermitoxicity using an acute toxicity assay. We found that, according to LC50 and earthworm weight loss, cow dung biochar was more toxic than corncob or sewage sludge biochar; thus, production feedstock is apparently important to biochar vermitoxicity. Furthermore, NRRTs indicated cow dung biochar disrupted lysosomal membrane stability in earthworm coelomocytes, providing further evidence for the toxicity of this biochar to earthworms. Disturbed antioxidant enzyme activities and elevated malondialdehyde content showed that earthworm suffer oxidative stress, also implying a potential vermitoxicity. However, thermal treatment of cow dung biochar substantially improved its LC50 and decreased earthworm weight loss, implying that the PAHs in this biochar might be damage factors and that heating could reduce the potential toxicity of biochar. Besides, NRRT assay was first used to evaluate the effects of biochar on earthworms and clear dose-effect relationships indicated that NRRT assay might be a useful tool for assessing the potential negative effects of biochar. Overall, given the different effects of various biochars, including toxicity, reported here, our findings will help improve understanding of biochar vermitoxicity mechanisms, serve to improve biochar ecological risk assessments and provide a reference for the proper application of biochar amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, PR China.
| | - Jinhong Yan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Xingna Ren
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Mei Wen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, PR China
| | - Congying Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, PR China
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Olivia LC, Minerva GC, Rocío PJ, Francisco José MP. Assessment of biopiles treatment on polluted soils by the use of Eisenia andrei bioassay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116642. [PMID: 33571857 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A long-term case of residual pollution is studied after 20 years since the largest mining accident in Spain (the Aznalcóllar spill) happened. This pollution is manifested through a surface zoning consisting of bare soils (B0), sparsely vegetated soils (B1), and densely vegetated and recovered soils (B2). A biopiles treatment with a mixture of contaminated soils (B0 and B1) with recovered soils (B2) at 50% (w/w), and vermicompost addition (50 tons ha-1) was evaluated. To assess the effectiveness of treatments, total, water-soluble, and bioavailable fractions of the most polluting elements in the zone (Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, and Sb) was analyzed. To evaluate the potential risk of contamination for the ecosystem, a bioassay with earthworm Eisenia andrei was carried out. Twenty years after the accident, there are still soils where total As and Pb exceed the regulatory levels and water-soluble Zn and As exceed the toxicity guidelines. According to toxicity bioassay, weight variation and juvenile production of earthworms showed an improvement after biopiles treatment, with values that trend to be similar to those of recovered soils. The only bioaccumulated element in earthworms was Cd (BAF>1), both in polluted as in treated soils, which indicates the possible existence of exclusion mechanisms of the other pollutants by earthworms. The comparison between biopiles and polluted soils showed no significant differences for the bioaccumulation factor of trace elements, with the exception of Zn and Cu, which slightly increased after treatment. According to our results, biopiles treatment combined with vermicompost addition is a good technique for the recovery of residual contaminated areas, by the improvement of soil properties and the reduction of the potential toxicity; anyway, monitoring of soils and organisms is needed to prevent the increase of bioavailability of some potentially pollutant elements over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorente-Casalini Olivia
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - García-Carmona Minerva
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente, University Miguel Hernández, Avda. de La Universidad S/n, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pastor-Jáuregui Rocío
- Departamento de Recursos Hídricos, National Agrarian University "La Molina", 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Martín-Peinado Francisco José
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Huang C, Ge Y, Yue S, Qiao Y, Liu L. Impact of soil metals on earthworm communities from the perspectives of earthworm ecotypes and metal bioaccumulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124738. [PMID: 33316673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study elucidates the impact of soil metal contamination on earthworm communities at the ecotype level. A total of 292 earthworms belonging to 13 species were collected in metal-contaminated soils from Wanshou (WSC), Daxing (DXC) and Lupu (LPC) plots (1.40-6.60, 29.4-126, 251-336 and 91.9-109 mg/kg for soil Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, respectively) in Hunan Province, southern China. The results showed that the total earthworm density and biomass significantly decreased along the increasing metal-contaminated gradient while epigeic earthworms became more dominant than anecic and endogeic earthworms. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil pH, total nitrogen and Cd concentration were the primary factors influencing earthworm communities, explaining 33.7%, 29.1% and 26.7% of the total variance, respectively. In addition, epigeic earthworm Metaphire californica bioaccumulated more Cd (0.27-0.60 mmol/kg), while endogeic earthworm Amynthas hupeiensis and anecic earthworm Amynthas asacceus bioaccumulated more Cu (0.55-1.62 mmol/kg) and Zn (2.86-6.46 mmol/kg) from soil, respectively, which were related to their habit soils and showed the species-specific bioaccumulation features. Our study discovered the diverse responses of earthworm ecotypes to metal contamination and their specific features of metal bioaccumulation, provide insight for soil risk assessments and for biodiversity conservation from a niche partitioning perspective. CAPSULE: Earthworms of different ecotypes showed different responses to soil metal contamination and species-specific features of metal bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caide Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Ge
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Longsheng Liu
- Hengyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hengyang 421151, China
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Gan X, Huang JC, Zhang M, Zhou C, He S, Zhou W. Remediation of selenium-contaminated soil through combined use of earthworm Eisenia fetida and organic materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124212. [PMID: 33535361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se)-polluted soils pose serious threats to terrestrial ecosystems through food chains. This study evaluated the use of earthworm Eisenia fetida and organic materials for Se remediation. The greater mortality (6.7%) and weight loss (28.6%) were observed for earthworms exposed to selenate than selenite at 20 mg Se Kg-1 over 21 d, while selenate was taken up 2.5-fold faster than selenite. Compared with peat moss, Se accumulation increased by 119% in selenite-exposed earthworms supplied with cow manure. Earthworm activity caused greater reduction in selenite (17.4%), with little impact on selenate-treated soil. X-ray absorption spectroscopy speciation analysis shows 87-91% of tissue Se was transformed to organo-Se, i.e., SeMet and SeCys, in earthworms exposed to either selenite or selenate, posing great risks to their predators. The study also found selenium increased bacterial diversity in earthworm casts, while greater relative abundances (~37.57%) of functional genera were obtained for selenite. Over 24 h, two bacteria strains, Bacillus cereus and Aeromonas encheleia, isolated from casts, rapidly reduced selenite by ~94%, compared to ~25% for selenate. Elemental Se was present only in strains (~27%), casts (~11%) and worm-inhabited soil (~2.7%) of selenite treatments, suggesting earthworm gut microbiota could buffer earthworms and other soil fauna from selenite toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jung-Chen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Manping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Chuanqi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Weili Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Godlewska P, Ok YS, Oleszczuk P. THE DARK SIDE OF BLACK GOLD: Ecotoxicological aspects of biochar and biochar-amended soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123833. [PMID: 33264919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a product of biomass pyrolysis, is characterized by significant surface area, porosity, high water holding capacity, and environmental persistence. It is perceived as a material that can counteract climate change due to its high carbon stability and is also considered suitable for soil amendment (fertility improvement, soil remediation). However, biochar can have a toxic effect on organisms as harmful substances may be present in it. This paper reviews the literature regarding the current knowledge of harmful substances in biochar and their potential negative impact on organisms from different trophic levels. The effects of biochar on the content and toxicity of harmful substances in biochar-amended soils are also reviewed. Application of biochar into soil does not usually have a toxic effect and very often stimulate plants, bacteria activity and invertebrates. The effect however is strictly determined by type of biochar (especially the feedstock used and pyrolysis temperature) as well as contaminants content. The pH, electrical conductivity, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as well as heavy metals are the main factor usually responsible for biochar toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Godlewska
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Xiao R, Liu X, Ali A, Chen A, Zhang M, Li R, Chang H, Zhang Z. Bioremediation of Cd-spiked soil using earthworms (Eisenia fetida): Enhancement with biochar and Bacillus megatherium application. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128517. [PMID: 33049509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the influence of biochar and Bacillus megatherium on Cd removal from artificially contaminated soils using earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Within a 35-days remediation period, over 30% of Cd was removed by earthworms from the contaminated soil (with Cd at ∼ 2.5 mg kg-1), and both additives facilitated Cd removal. Additionally, over 22% reduction in the extractable Cd contents was also achieved by earthworms. Cd accumulated in earthworms steadily increased through remediation, and the accumulated Cd decreased in the order of earthworm + biochar (T3) > earthworm + Bacillus megatherium (T4) > earthworm alone (T2). The bioaccumulation factors (BCF) were above 1, indicating the enrichment of Cd in earthworms, and there were higher BCF for both T4 (944%) and T3 (845%). The ingestion of metal-bonded biochar particle and the elevated Cd mobility would be the main reason for the enhanced Cd-remediation by earthworms under T3 and T4, respectively. Through remediation, microbiota communities in both, soil and earthworm guts, demonstrated high similarity, while a lower level of bacterial abundance was observed in earthworm guts compared with that in soils. Eventually, soils became more fertile and demonstrated higher enzyme activities after remediation. Therefore, we concluded that earthworm, alone or combined with biochar or Bacillus megatherium could be an alternative method for Cd-contaminated soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Anle Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Muyuan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Hong Chang
- College of Resource and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
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Zhong X, Chen Z, Li Y, Ding K, Liu W, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Zhang M, Baker AJM, Yang W, Fei Y, Wang Y, Chao Y, Qiu R. Factors influencing heavy metal availability and risk assessment of soils at typical metal mines in Eastern China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123289. [PMID: 32947698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
China exemplifies the serious and widespread soil heavy metal pollution generated by mining activities. A total of 420 soil samples from 58 metal mines was collected across Eastern China. Total and available heavy metal concentrations, soil physico-chemical properties and geological indices were determined and collected. Risk assessments were applied, and a successive multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to provide insights into the heavy metal contamination characteristics and environmental drivers of heavy metal availability. The results suggested that although the degrees of pollution varied between different mine types, in general they had similar contamination characteristics in different regions. The major pollutants for total concentrations were found to be Cd and As in south and northeast China. The availability of Zn and Cd is relatively higher in south China. Soil physico-chemical properties had major effect on metal availability where soil pH was the most important factor. On a continental scale, soil pH and EC were influenced by the local climate patterns which could further impact on heavy metal availability. Enlightened by this study, future remediation strategies should be focused on steadily increasing soil pH, and building adaptable and sustainable ecological system to maintain low metal availabilities in mine site soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ziwu Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yaying Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kengbo Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wenshen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yongqiang Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Miaoyue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Alan J M Baker
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia; Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Wenjun Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yingheng Fei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanqing Chao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Zeb A, Li S, Wu J, Lian J, Liu W, Sun Y. Insights into the mechanisms underlying the remediation potential of earthworms in contaminated soil: A critical review of research progress and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140145. [PMID: 32927577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, soil pollution is a major global concern drawing worldwide attention. Earthworms can resist high concentrations of soil pollutants and play a vital role in removing them effectively. Vermiremediation, using earthworms to remove contaminants from soil or help to degrade non-recyclable chemicals, is proved to be an alternative, low-cost technology for treating contaminated soil. However, knowledge about the mechanisms and framework of the vermiremediation various organic and inorganic contaminants is still limited. Therefore, we reviewed the research progress of effects of soil contaminants on earthworms and potential of earthworm used for remediation soil contaminated with heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, as well as crude oil. Especially, the possible processes, mechanisms, advantages and limitations, and how to boost the efficiency of vermiremediation are well addressed in this review. Finally, future prospects of vermiremediation soil contamination are listed to promote further studies and application of vermiremediation in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurang Zeb
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Song Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiapan Lian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weitao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yuebing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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Thørring H, Wærsted FM, Raaness A, Skipperud L, Jensen LK. Elevated natural radioactivity in undisturbed forest and mountain areas of arctic Norway - local geology, soil characteristics, and transfer to biota. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 222:106291. [PMID: 32771855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the geology in areas close to a large unexploited uranium deposit and the impact of bedrock characteristics on levels of radionuclides and other elements in soil and biota. Factors influencing soil inventory and ecosystem transfer are discussed, focussing on 238U, 226Ra, and 210Pb. Field work was carried out in Salangen Valley in Northern Norway. Sampling stations for soil and biota covered different habitats - grassland, birch forest and low alpine heathland. The geological survey confirmed uranium-bearing minerals in granitic gneiss and pegmatites. There was large variation in the local occurrence of uranium, reflecting the irregular nature of the pegmatite. Activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, and 210Pb in surface soil were elevated at sites close to U-enhanced bedrock, compared to sites with other types of bedrock. Particularly high soil levels were found for 226Ra and 210Pb, whereas activity concentrations of 238U were more variable, depending of local soil characteristics. Levels of other natural radionuclides (40K, 232Th) merely increased with soil mineral content, and concentrations of heavy metals were generally low at all sites. External dose rate (1 m above ground surface) was closely correlated with 226Ra levels in soil. Plant levels of 238U and 226Ra varied by several orders of magnitude depending on soil level and plant species, whereas plant levels of 210Pb and 210Po were largely affected by aerial fallout. Berries generally contained lower levels of 238U and 226Ra than green plant parts. As was the case for plants, the levels of 238U in earthworms were strongly correlated with the respective concentrations in the soil. Soil-to-plant transfer was markedly higher for 226Ra than for 238U. For both radionuclides, a positive correlation was found between concentration ratios of V. myrtillus (heath) and soil organic matter content. The 238U concentration ratios for earthworms were generally two orders of magnitude higher than for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Thørring
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 329, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Frøydis Meen Wærsted
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Science and Nature Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Agnes Raaness
- Geological Survey of Norway, P.O. Box 6315 Torgarden, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lindis Skipperud
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Science and Nature Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Louise Kiel Jensen
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 6606 Langnes, 9296, Tromsø, Norway.
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Kaur H, Sharma S, Vijaya P. Toxicological effect of Parthenium hysterophorus and milk processing industry sludge on earthworms, Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:33464-33473. [PMID: 31062245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Production of large quantities of organic waste all over the world poses major environmental and disposal problems. The present study was conducted to explore the deleterious effects of Parthenium hysterophorus and milk processing industry sludge on the health of earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Earthworms were allowed to grow in the mixture of cow dung:Parthenium hysterophorus (75:25) and cow dung:milk processing industry sludge (60:40) for 60 days. The biochemical markers viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histological changes in earthworm's intestine were assessed after 15, 30, 45, and 60 days of exposure. The results revealed increased MDA level, while SOD, CAT, and GPx activities showed variation in both treatments. Furthermore, histopathological changes revealed damage in the intestinal tissue in both treatments during all intervals. More severe effects were registered in P. hysterophorus treatment. Obtained results may contribute to the understanding of P. hysterophorus and milk processing industry sludge induced toxic effects on earthworms and to identify defense mechanism of Eisenia fetida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Zoology & Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
| | - Suman Sharma
- Department of Zoology & Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Puttaganti Vijaya
- Department of Zoology & Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
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Li X, Wang M, Jiang R, Zheng L, Chen W. Evaluation of joint toxicity of heavy metals and herbicide mixtures in soils to earthworms (Eisenia fetida). J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 94:137-146. [PMID: 32563477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that a simplified and robust approach to evaluating thecombined effects of chemical mixtures is critical for ecological risk assessment (ERA) of contaminated soil. The earthworm (Eisenia fetida) was used as a model to study the combined effects of polymetallic contamination and the herbicide siduron in field soil using a microcosm experiment. The responses of multiple biomarkers, including the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE), the concentrations of glycogen, soluble protein (SP), malonaldehyde (MDA), and metallothionein (MT), and the neutral red uptake test (NRU), were investigated. Multivariate analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Spearman's Rank Correlations analysis (BVSTEP) revealed that the activities of AChE and CAT and the NRU content were the prognostic biomarkers capturing the minimum data set of all the variables. Internal Cd (tissue Cd) in earthworms was closely related to the health status of worms under combined contamination of heavy metals and siduron. The integrated effect (Emix) calculated based on the activities of AChE and CAT and NRU content using the stress index method had significantly linear regression with internal Cd (p<0.01). Emix(10), Emix(20), and Emix(50) were then calculated, at 1.27, 1.63 and 2.71 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. It could be concluded that a bioassay-based approach incorporating multivariate analysis and internal dose was pragmatic and applicable to evaluating combined effects of chemical mixtures in soils under the guidance of the top-down evaluation concept of combined toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Rong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Richardson JB, Görres JH, Sizmur T. Synthesis of earthworm trace metal uptake and bioaccumulation data: Role of soil concentration, earthworm ecophysiology, and experimental design. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114126. [PMID: 32120252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals can be essential for organo-metallic structures and oxidation-reduction in metabolic processes or may cause acute or chronic toxicity at elevated concentrations. The uptake of trace metals by earthworms can cause transfer from immobilized pools in the soil to predators within terrestrial food chains. We report a synthesis and evaluation of uptake and bioaccumulation empirical data across different metals, earthworm genera, ecophysiological groups, soil properties, and experimental conditions (metal source, uptake duration, soil extraction method). Peer-reviewed datasets were extracted from manuscripts published before June 2019. The 56 studies contained 3513 soil-earthworm trace metal concentration paired data sets across 11 trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, U, Zn). Across all field and laboratory experiments studied, the median concentrations of Hg, Pb, and Cd in earthworm tissues that were above concentrations known to be hazardous for consumption by small mammals and avian predators but not for Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, and As. Power regressions show only Hg and Cd earthworm tissue concentrations were well-correlated with soil concentrations with R2 > 0.25. However, generalized linear mixed-effect models reveal that earthworm concentrations were significantly correlated with soil concentrations for log-transformed Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, As, Sb (p < 0.05). Factors that significantly contributed to these relationships included earthworm genera, ecophysiological group, soil pH, and organic matter content. Moreover, spiking soils with metal salts, shortening the duration of exposure, and measuring exchangeable soil concentrations resulted in significantly higher trace metal uptake or greater bioaccumulation factors. Our results highlight that earthworms are able to consistently bioaccumulate toxic metals (Hg and Cd only) across field and laboratory conditions. However, future experiments should incorporate greater suites of trace metals, broader genera of earthworms, and more diverse laboratory and field settings to generate data to devise universal quantitative relationships between soil and earthworm tissue concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Richardson
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - J H Görres
- Department of Plant & Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Tom Sizmur
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DW, UK
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Rodríguez-Seijo A, Lourenço J, Arenas-Lago D, Mendo S, Vega FA, Pereira R. Chemical availability versus bioavailability of potentially toxic elements in mining and quarry soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126421. [PMID: 32443230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Abandoned mining and quarry areas are sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), through lixiviates or transfer processes of bioavailable fractions from mining wastes and tailings. In this study, earthworms (Eisenia fetida Savigny, 1826) were exposed for 28 days to two mining soils from a lead/zinc mine and two quarry soils from an old serpentine quarry. Despite their pseudo total metal contents, a previous characterization of these soils pointed out for a low chemical availability of PTEs. Therefore, a multibiomarker approach was used and the response of E. fetida to soils was assessed through the analysis of neurotoxic, oxidative stress, energy metabolism and DNA damage biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase, catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breaks). Metal bioaccumulation was also assessed to evaluate bioavailability and organism's exposure. Results showed that high contents of PTEs were recorded in the whole body of earthworms exposed to lead/zinc mine. However, the bioaccumulation factors for worms exposed to soils from both sampling sites were <1 due to the high PTEs contents in soils. Earthworms exposed to both types of soils displayed neurotoxic and energy metabolism effects. However, significant levels of oxidative stress and DNA damage were recorded only for earthworms exposed to lead/zinc mine soils. This study demonstrated that despite the low availability of PTEs showed by previous sequential chemical extractions, the results obtained from the direct toxicity assessment performed in this study, highlight the importance of a multibiomarker approach using soil organisms to provide a better evaluation of soils pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Arenas-Lago
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias Do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas 1, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Flora A Vega
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias Do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas 1, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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Rybak AV, Belykh ES, Maystrenko TA, Shadrin DM, Pylina YI, Chadin IF, Velegzhaninov IO. Genetic analysis in earthworm population from area contaminated with radionuclides and heavy metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137920. [PMID: 32213403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of environmental contamination by naturally occurring radionuclides and heavy metals on the genetic structure of a population of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. A. caliginosa were collected from four sites and characterized by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses. No differences in genetic structure and diversity were found between sites that differed greatly in soil contamination levels of radionuclides and metals. However, when the genetic structure of the A. caliginosa population was analyzed without considering information about the sampling site, a complex intraspecific genetic structure was identified. At least three highly divergent lineages were found, in unequal proportions, of each genetically isolated group from each study site. No associations were found between the distribution of the detected genetic clusters and the geographical origin of the samples. Thus, no noticeable adaptive changes or signs of directional selection were detected, despite the long history of genotoxic waste disposal at the sampling site. These results suggest a combined effect of three factors on the genetic structure and diversity of A. caliginosa in soils: the complexity of the contaminant composition, the heterogeneous spatial distribution of the pollutants, and the complexity of the intraspecific genetic structures of A. caliginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Rybak
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Elena S Belykh
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Maystrenko
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Dmitry M Shadrin
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Yana I Pylina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Ivan F Chadin
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Ilya O Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; Polytechnical Institute of Vyatka State University, Kirov 610020, Russia.
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Audusseau H, Vandenbulcke F, Dume C, Deschins V, Pauwels M, Gigon A, Bagard M, Dupont L. Impacts of metallic trace elements on an earthworm community in an urban wasteland: Emphasis on the bioaccumulation and genetic characteristics in Lumbricus castaneus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137259. [PMID: 32105923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metallic trace elements (MTEs) soil pollution has become a worldwide concern, particularly regarding its impact on earthworms. Earthworms, which constitute the dominant taxon of soil macrofauna in temperate regions and are crucial ecosystem engineers, are in direct contact with MTEs. The impacts of MTE exposure on earthworms, however, vary by species, with some able to cope with high levels of contamination. We combined different approaches to study the effects of MTEs at different levels of biological organisation of an earthworm community, in a contaminated urban wasteland. Our work is based on field collection of soil and earthworm samples, with a total of 891 adult earthworms from 8 species collected, over 87 quadrats across the study plot. We found that MTE concentrations are highly structured at the plot scale and that some elements, such as Pb, Zn, and Cu, are highly correlated. Comparing species assemblage to MTE concentrations, we found that the juvenile and adult abundances, and community composition, were significantly affected by pollution. Along the pollution gradient, as species richness decreased, Lumbricus castaneus became more dominant. We thus investigated the physiological response of this species to a set of specific elements (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) and studied the impacts of MTE concentrations at the plot scale on its population genetic. These analyses revealed that L. castaneus is able to bioaccumulate high quantities of Cd and Zn, but not of Cu and Pb. The population genetic analysis, based on the genotyping of 175 individuals using 8 microsatellite markers, provided no evidence of the role of the heterogeneity in MTE concentrations as a barrier to gene flow. The multidisciplinary approach we used enabled us to reveal the comparatively high tolerance of L. castaneus to MTE concentrations, suggesting that this is a promising model to study the molecular bases of MTE tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Audusseau
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Université de Lille, EA 4515-LGCgE - Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Cassandre Dume
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France; Université de Lille, EA 4515-LGCgE - Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Valentin Deschins
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Maxime Pauwels
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 - Unité Evolution-Ecologie-Paléontologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Agnès Gigon
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Matthieu Bagard
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Lise Dupont
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
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Di Carlo E, Boullemant A, Poynton H, Courtney R. Exposure of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) to bauxite residue: Implications for future rehabilitation programmes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137126. [PMID: 32059318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bauxite residue is typically alkaline, has high sodium content and elevated concentrations of trace elements. Effective rehabilitation strategies are needed to mitigate potential environmental risks from its disposal and storage. Increasingly, the importance of viable soil faunal populations as well as establishment of vegetation covers is recognized as key components of successful rehabilitation. Inoculation with earthworms is a strategy for accelerating mine site rehabilitation, but little is known on the effects of bauxite residue properties on earthworm survival and viability. In the current study, earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were exposed for 28 days to a series of bauxite residue/soil treatments (0, 10, 25, 35, 50, 75 and 100% residue) to evaluate possible toxic effects on earthworms, investigate the bioavailability of relevant elements (e.g. As, Cr, V), and assess the risk of element transfer. Results showed that soil containing ≥25% residue (pH ≥ 9.8; ESP ≥ 18.5%; extractable Na ≥ 1122 mg/kg) significantly impacted survival (mortality ≥28%) and reproduction (cocoon production inhibition ≥76%) of the exposed earthworms. Alkalinity, sodicity and bioavailable Na were identified as major factors causing toxicity and some earthworms were observed to adopt compensative response (i.e. swollen body) to cope with osmotic stress. Conversely, soil containing 10% residue (pH = 9.1; ESP = 9.2%; extractable Na = 472 mg/kg) did not elicit significant toxicity at the organism level, but biomarker analysis (i.e. superoxide dismutase and catalase) in earthworm coelomocytes showed an oxidative stress. Furthermore, earthworms exposed to soil containing ≥10% residue took up and accumulated elevated concentrations of Al, As, Cr and V in comparison to the control earthworms. We concluded that earthworm inoculation could be used in future rehabilitation programmes once the key parameters responsible for toxicity are lowered below specific target values (i.e. pH = 9.1, ESP = 18.5%, extractable Na = 1122 mg/kg for Eisenia fetida). Nonetheless, trace element uptake in earthworms should be regularly monitored and the risk to the food chain further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Di Carlo
- University of Limerick, Department of Biological Sciences & The Bernal Institute, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Helen Poynton
- University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, USA
| | - Ronan Courtney
- University of Limerick, Department of Biological Sciences & The Bernal Institute, Co. Limerick, Ireland.
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Ramires MF, Lorensi de Souza E, de Castro Vasconcelos M, Clasen BE, Fontanive DE, Bianchetto R, Grasel Cezimbra JC, Antoniolli ZI. Enzyme assays and toxicity of pig abattoir waste in Eisenia andrei. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113928. [PMID: 32004959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to high global demand, large amounts of abbattoir waste are generated from pork production. Mismanagement of abattoir waste on agricultural lands can result in soil and water contamination with pathogens and contaminants like metals and nutrients. Therefore, possible effects on soil organisms prior to application should be evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of fresh pig abattoir waste (PAWf) and waste after stabilization processes on E. andrei through tests of avoidance behavior, acute toxicity and chronic toxicity. In order to do this, the waste was evaluated fresh (i.e., non-treated), and after aerated composting (PAWa), natural composting (PAWn) and vermicomposting (PAWv). In addition, we used a natural soil with no history of agricultural use as control soil. The evaluation was based on avoidance behavior, mortality, initial and final earthworm weight, and reproduction, in addition to a set of enzyme assays formed by acetylcholinesterase, lipid peroxidation, catalase and glutathione S-transferase measured over time. The ecotoxicological results showed that PAWf and PAWa increased AChE activity at different experimental periods, while PAWn decreased activity at 14 days compared to the control. PAWf and PAWa increased TBARS levels at 7 and 14 days, respectively. CAT activity decreased at 3, 7 and 14 days in PAWv, while GST activity increased at 3 days in PAWa and at 3 and 14 days in PAWf compared to the control. In the acute toxicity test, PAWa and PAWn had a toxic effect on E. andrei, resulting in 100% mortality at 14 days of exposure. Based on our findings, pig abattoir waste should undergo vermicomposting prior to agricultural application to soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Figueiredo Ramires
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Lorensi de Souza
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Cipriano Barata, n. 211, Bairro Érico Veríssimo, Três Passos, RS, 98600000, Brazil
| | - Márlon de Castro Vasconcelos
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Cipriano Barata, n. 211, Bairro Érico Veríssimo, Três Passos, RS, 98600000, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Estevão Clasen
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Cipriano Barata, n. 211, Bairro Érico Veríssimo, Três Passos, RS, 98600000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Erison Fontanive
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Cipriano Barata, n. 211, Bairro Érico Veríssimo, Três Passos, RS, 98600000, Brazil
| | - Renan Bianchetto
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Cipriano Barata, n. 211, Bairro Érico Veríssimo, Três Passos, RS, 98600000, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar Grasel Cezimbra
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Cipriano Barata, n. 211, Bairro Érico Veríssimo, Três Passos, RS, 98600000, Brazil
| | - Zaida Inês Antoniolli
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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Huang JC, Gan X, He S, Zhou W. Interactive effects of earthworm Eisenia fetida and bean plant Phaseolus vulgaris L on the fate of soil selenium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114048. [PMID: 32014748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for animals with a narrow margin between essentiality and toxicity. Se toxicity is largely related to inorganic forms of Se in soil, i.e., selenite and selenate that enter food chains through plant uptake, threatening higher trophic level organisms. This experiment investigated effects of earthworm activity on Se bioavailability in soil and the subsequent plant uptake, using earthworm Eisenia fetida and bean plant Phaseolus vulgaris L, both exposed to either selenite or selenate at 1 or 4 mg Se kg-1 for 16 weeks. Plants took up selenate (up to 221-fold) faster than selenite, with up to 84% of the Se rapidly transported to shoots. In the presence of earthworms, Se accumulation obviously increased for selenate-supplied plants, leading to an up to 4% increase in Se translocation factor for all treatments except for 1 mg kg-1 selenite treatment. Earthworms also concentrated Se faster in tissues (up to 274 mg kg-1 DW) at exposure to selenate. For Se toxicity, Se speciation analysis was conducted on the plants and earthworms using XAS. Compared to worm-free treatments, the percentage of organo-Se, i.e., SeMet and CysSeSeCys, increased in beans (up to 34%) in the presence of earthworms for selenate, while the elemental Se portion was significantly reduced or absent, opposite to the results for selenite. Surprisingly, elemental Se (up to 65%) dominated earthworms, regardless of the form of Se supplied. In conclusion, earthworms clearly enhanced Se uptake and translocation in plants, leading to elevated Se levels in shoots. To prevent resulting hazards to humans and other animals, caution should be taken while consuming the shoots, particularly beans, harvested from the Se contaminated soil where earthworm activity is high. Finally, the significant reduction in soil Se suggests phytoextraction of Se from the soil could be improved using earthworms as an aid to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Gan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Weili Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
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Urionabarrenetxea E, Garcia-Velasco N, Marigómez I, Soto M. Effects of elevated temperatures and cadmium exposure on stress biomarkers at different biological complexity levels in Eisenia fetida earthworms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 231:108735. [PMID: 32142922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Several ecotoxicological studies assessed metal toxicity upon soil biota and other communities but were mainly focused on the study of a single chemical and usually under optimal conditions of temperature. Meanwhile an increasing global warming is leading to new scenarios by combining different stress factors; chemical stress and thermal stress. Presently, this study aims to assess the joint effects produced by cadmium and elevated temperature on earthworms different levels of biological complexity. Eisenia fetida earthworms were maintained at 19 °C and 26 °C and simultaneously exposed to four Cd concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 25 and 125 mg Cd/Kg soil) for 14 (Short term exposure) and 56 days (reproduction test). Endpoints were addressed at different levels of biological complexity: reproductive impairment (cocoons and juvenile productions), Cd tissue accumulation, mortality of adults, weight loss and cytotoxic effects (coelomocyte viability). In the Short term exposure, increase in temperature produced a larger accumulation of Cd. Hence, earthworms exposed to 125 mg Cd/kg soil under heat stress (26 °C) showed a two fold higher Cd accumulation comparing to those at 19 °C. Earthworms exposed to moderate-high concentrations of Cd (2.5-125 mg Cd/kg) and maintained at 26 °C showed severe weight loss and high mortality rates. The neutral red uptake capacity of coelomocytes extruded from earthworms exposed to the highest Cd concentration decreased after 14 d at 19 °C, and more markedly at 26 °C. The reproduction impairment (decreased number of cocoons) was enhanced after exposure to concentrations higher than 2.5 mg Cd/kg at 26 °C, and after exposure to 125 mg Cd/kg at 19 °C. Earthworm reproduction capability is highly vulnerable to the effect of toxicants at elevated temperatures and sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Urionabarrenetxea
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nerea Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Manu Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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Gowri S, Thangaraj R. Studies on the toxic effects of agrochemical pesticide (Monocrotophos) on physiological and reproductive behavior of indigenous and exotic earthworm species. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:212-225. [PMID: 30897939 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1590538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are an ideal biological model in toxicity assays and environmental monitoring studies. In the present study, the reproductive toxicity and histopathological effects of Monocrotophos pesticide on an exotic epigeic Eudrilus eugeniae and an indigenous epigeic Perionyx barotensis earthworm were studied. Earthworm species were exposed to different concentrations of pesticide like 450 ppm, 500 ppm, and 650 ppm for 45 days and the mortality rate and reproductive activity was recorded every 15 days of exposure. There was an increase in mortality and abnormal sperm (asthenospermia, necrospermia, and oligospermia) and defective cocoons in earthworms with increasing concentrations of the pesticide. Histopathological changes like rupture of chloragogenous tissue, longitudinal muscle, fused and extra-villous growth and necrotic cell rupture in earthworm's body wall (epidermis, circular and longitudinal muscles) were observed. Fluorescent probes have detected cell death in pesticide-treated earthworms when compared to the control group after 45 days. The present findings show that Monocrotophos pesticide on exposure to epigeic earthworm species causes significant reproductive toxicity and histopathological abnormalities and these changes could be used as a tool in environmental risk assessment of pesticides.Abbreviations: DDT: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; MCP: Monocrotophos; EPA: Environment Protection Act; SL: Soluble Liquid; C: N (Carbon: Nitrogen); C: P (Carbon: Phosphorus); LC: Lethal Concentration; PBS: Phosphate Buffer Solution; WHO: World Health Organization; H&E: Hematoxylin and Eosin; SV: seminal vesicles; O: ovary; GP: genital papillae; Ch: chloragogenous tissue; EL: epithelial layer; CM: circular muscle; LM: longitudinal muscle; CD: cell debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Gowri
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasundaram Thangaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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