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Chen B, Fang J, Piao S, Ciais P, Black TA, Wang F, Niu S, Zeng Z, Luo Y. A meta-analysis highlights globally widespread potassium limitation in terrestrial ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:154-165. [PMID: 37804058 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+ ) is the most abundant inorganic cation in plant cells, playing a critical role in various plant functions. However, the impacts of K on natural terrestrial ecosystems have been less studied compared with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Here, we present a global meta-analysis aimed at quantifying the response of aboveground production to K addition. This analysis is based on 144 field K fertilization experiments. We also investigate the influences of climate, soil properties, ecosystem types, and fertilizer regimes on the responses of aboveground production. We find that: K addition significantly increases aboveground production by 12.3% (95% CI: 7.4-17.5%), suggesting a widespread occurrence of K limitation across terrestrial ecosystems; K limitation is more prominent in regions with humid climates, acidic soils, or weathered soils; the effect size of K addition varies among climate zones/regions, and is influenced by multiple factors; and previous N : K and K : P thresholds utilized to detect K limitation in wetlands cannot be applied to other biomes. Our findings emphasize the role of K in limiting terrestrial productivity, which should be integrated into future terrestrial ecosystems models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingchun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Thomas Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Dong K, Li W, Tang Y, Ma S, Jiang M. Co-limitation of N and P is more prevalent in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau grasslands. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1140462. [PMID: 36875596 PMCID: PMC9975565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1140462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past three decades, the view of nutrient limitation has transferred from single-nutrient limitation to multiple-nutrient limitation. On the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), many nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition experiments have revealed different N- or P-limited patterns at many alpine grassland sites, whereas it is not clear what the general patterns of N and P limitation across the QTP grasslands. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis, containing 107 publications, to assess how N and P constrained plant biomass and diversity in alpine grasslands across the QTP. We also tested how mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) influence N and P limitations. RESULTS The findings show that plant biomass in QTP grasslands is co-limited by N and P. Single N limitation is stronger than single P limitation, and the combined positive effect of N and P addition is stronger than that of single nutrient additions. The response of biomass to N fertilization rate shows an increase firstly and then declines, and peaks at approximately 25 g N·m-2·year-1. MAP promotes the effect of N limitation on plant aboveground biomass and diminishes the effect of N limitation on belowground biomass. Meanwhile, N and P addition generally decline plant diversity. Moreover, the negative response of plant diversity to N and P co-addition is strongest than that of single nutrient additions. DISCUSSION Our results highlight that N and P co-limitation is more prevalent than N- or P-limitation alone in alpine grasslands on the QTP. Our findings provide a better understanding of nutrient limitation and management for alpine grasslands on the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Gannan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Gannan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Gannan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengluan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Gannan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Yu DW, Duan SJ, Zhang XC, Yin DQ, Wang SJ, Chen JS, Lei NF. Effects of nutrient supply on leaf stoichiometry and relative growth rate of three stoloniferous alien plants. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278656. [PMID: 36459510 PMCID: PMC9718409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Different nutrient supply brings about changes in leaf stoichiometry, which may affect growth rate and primary production of plants. Invasion of alien plants is a severe threat to biodiversity and ecosystem worldwide. A pot experiment was conducted by using three stoloniferous alien plants Wedelia trilobata, Alternanther philoxeroides and Hydrocotyle vulgaris to investigate effects of nutrient supply on their leaf stoichiometry and relative growth rate. Different nitrogen or phosphorus supply was applied in the experiment (N1:1 mmol L-1, N2:4 mmol L-1, and N3:8 mmol L-1, P1:0.15 mmol L-1, P2:0.6 mmol L-1 and P3:1.2 mmol L-1). Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in leaves of the three alien plants significantly increased with increase of nitrogen supply. With increase of phosphorus supply, nitrogen or phosphorus concentration of leaf was complex among the three alien plants. N:P ratio in leaf of the three alien plants subjected to different levels of nutrient supply was various. A positive correlation between relative growth rate and N:P ratio of the leaf is observed in W. trilobata and A. philoxeroides suffering from N-limitation. A similar pattern was not observed in Hydrocotyle vulgaris. We tentatively concluded that correlations between relative growth rate and N: P ratio of the leaf could be affected by species as well as nutrient supply. It is suggested that human activities, invasive history, local abundance of species et al maybe play an important role in the invasion of alien plants as well as relative growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wei Yu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su-Juan Duan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao- Chao Zhang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Da-Qiu Yin
- China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jin-Song Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (J-SC); (N-FL)
| | - Ning-Fei Lei
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (J-SC); (N-FL)
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van Paassen JG, Britton AJ, Mitchell RJ, Street LE, Johnson D, Coupar A, Woodin SJ. Legacy effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on vegetation and carbon stocks of upland heaths. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:226-237. [PMID: 32432343 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil carbon (C) pools and plant community composition are regulated by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. Atmospheric N deposition impacts ecosystem C storage, but the direction of response varies between systems. Phosphorus limitation may constrain C storage response to N, hence P application to increase plant productivity and thus C sequestration has been suggested. We revisited a 23-yr-old field experiment where N and P had been applied to upland heath, a widespread habitat supporting large soil C stocks. At 10 yr after the last nutrient application we quantified long-term changes in vegetation composition and in soil and vegetation C and P stocks. Nitrogen addition, particularly when combined with P, strongly influenced vegetation composition, favouring grasses over Calluna vulgaris, and led to a reduction in vegetation C stocks. However, soil C stocks did not respond to nutrient treatments. We found 40% of the added P had accumulated in the soil. This study showed persistent effects of N and N + P on vegetation composition, whereas effects of P alone were small and showed recovery. We found no indication that P application could mitigate the effects of N on vegetation or increase C sequestration in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G van Paassen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Andrea J Britton
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Ruth J Mitchell
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Lorna E Street
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew Coupar
- Scottish Natural Heritage, The Links, Golspie, KW10 6UB, UK
| | - Sarah J Woodin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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Huang J, Liu J, Zhang W, Cai X, Liu L, Zheng M, Mo J. Effects of urbanization on plant phosphorus availability in broadleaf and needleleaf subtropical forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:50-57. [PMID: 31150875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization, the migration of populations from rural to urban areas, has been causing great stress on natural environments, leading to air pollution and nitrogen (N) deposition, negatively affecting forest health. Although there is evidence that urbanization has changed forest N cycling, little is known about whether urbanization also changes the availability of phosphorus (P), which is important for plant growth and forest productivity. To address this question, we carried out a survey in the Pearl River Delta region, the world's largest urban area in southern China, using two types of representative forests, the evergreen broadleaf forests (BFs) and pine plantations (PPs). The leaf N:P ratios in the two forest types were high (20-50) with a significant increasing pattern along the rural-to-urban gradient. The ratios of leaf P:K and P:Na declined along the rural-to-urban gradient, whereas leaf P content did not change in BF but decreased in PP along the rural-to-urban gradient, suggesting that leaf P became limiting along urbanization. The abundance of actinomycetes and gram-negative bacteria decreased along the rural-to-urban gradient, indicating the negative effects of urbanization on soil microorganisms. Principal component analysis indicated that divergent key factors respond to the urbanization and affect plant P limitation in the two forest types. In BF, broadleaf trees showed a greater response to N deposition from urbanization indicating direct leaf N uptake from N deposition is a key factor for plant P limitation. Alternatively, in PP, our findings suggest soil acidification is an important factor accelerating plant P limitation. Our study revealed that urbanization intensifies plant P limitation in subtropical forests, and the effects vary depending on forest types. Our findings provide empirical information to support the management of forest ecosystems and evaluation of urbanization effects on forest health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xi'an Cai
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lei Liu
- CREAF, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mianhai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Enhanced Community Production rather than Structure Improvement under Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition in Severely Degraded Alpine Meadows. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11072023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization is a common management measure for the restoration of degraded grasslands. In order to investigate whether fertilization can improve the severely degraded alpine meadows, we conducted a fertilization experiment on the Tibetan Plateau that began in 2008. The treatments were nitrogen (N) addition alone (50 kg N ha−1 year−1, LN; 100 kg N ha−1 year−1, HN) or combined with phosphorus (P) fertilizer [(50 kg N + 50 kg P) ha−1 year−1, LN+P; (100 kg N + 50 kg P) ha−1 year−1, HN + P] in a severely degraded alpine meadow. Eleven consecutive years of N and P fertilization did not significantly change plant species richness, while fertilization reduced the plant species diversity index, with the most significant reduction in HN and HN + P treatments. LN + P and HN + P treatments greatly increased community coverage and aboveground biomass, while N addition alone, especially the HN treatment, significantly reduced community coverage and aboveground biomass. Fertilization had no effect on edible pastures, while N and P fertilization significantly increased the biomass of forbs. The proportion of forbs to total aboveground biomass was more than 90%, and fertilization had no effect on this proportion. This shows that forbs still have an absolute advantage in the community. In addition, HN, LN + P, and HN + P treatments significantly reduced ecosystem stability. Community aboveground biomass was greatly enhanced in the N and P fertilization treatments, and this was beneficial for the ecosystem quality and soil hydrological functioning. However, fertilization treatments did not improve the community structure with either N addition alone or combined with P fertilizer, which was of little significance in providing forages for the sustainable development of livestock husbandry. To improve the structure of severely degraded alpine grasslands, it is necessary to combine other measures such as cutting the roots of forbs, fencing, or reseeding.
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Wang HY, Wang ZW, Ding R, Hou SL, Yang GJ, Lü XT, Han XG. The impacts of nitrogen deposition on community N:P stoichiometry do not depend on phosphorus availability in a temperate meadow steppe. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:82-89. [PMID: 29960928 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) enrichment has great consequences on several fundamental ecological processes through its impacts on plant nutrition traits (i.e. nutrient concentration and stoichiometric ratios); however, the extent to which the effects of N enrichment depend on phosphorus (P) availability are less well understood. While there is mounting evidence for the species-specific responses of plant nutrition traits to nutrient enrichment, we know little about the changes at the community-level. Here, we measured community-level biomass weighted (CWM) and non-weighted (CM) plant N and P concentrations and N:P ratio in a temperate meadow steppe after four years factorial N and P addition, with biomass and nutrition traits of each species in each plot being recorded. Nitrogen addition significantly increased community-level N concentration, decreased P concentration, and enhanced community N:P ratio. Phosphorus addition had no impacts on community-level N concentration, significantly increased P concentration, and reduced community N:P ratio. The impacts of N addition on community nutrition traits were not dependent on P addition and the community-level nutrition trait responses to N and P additions were primarily driven by intraspecific trait variation (ITV) rather than by species turnover. Community-level nutrition traits in the temperate meadow steppe were sensitive to the projected N and P enrichment. While nutrient enrichment had substantially changed community composition, its impacts on community nutrition traits were driven by ITV. Nitrogen deposition would result in imbalance of N and P in plant community, as indicated by the substantial increase in community-level N:P, which was not affected by increased P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Wang
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Wang
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shuang-Li Hou
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guo-Jiao Yang
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Lü
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xing-Guo Han
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Calvo-Fernández J, Taboada Á, Fichtner A, Härdtle W, Calvo L, Marcos E. Time- and age-related effects of experimentally simulated nitrogen deposition on the functioning of montane heathland ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:149-159. [PMID: 28910717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems adapted to low nitrogen (N) conditions such as Calluna-heathlands are especially sensitive to enhanced atmospheric N deposition that affects many aspects of ecosystem functioning like nutrient cycling, soil properties and plant-microbial-enzyme relationships. We investigated the effects of five levels of experimentally-simulated N deposition rates (i.e., N fertilization treatments: 0, 10, 20 and 50kgNha-1yr-1 for 3years, and 56kgNha-1yr-1 for 10years) on: plant, litter, microbial biomass and soil nutrient contents, soil extracellular enzymatic activities, and plant root ericoid mycorrhizal colonization. The study was conducted in marginal montane Calluna-heathlands at different developmental stages resulting from management (young/building-phase and mature-phase). Our findings revealed that many soil properties did not show a statistically significant response to the experimental addition of N, including: total N, organic carbon (C), C:N ratio, extractable N-NO3-, available phosphorus (P), urease and β-glucosidase enzyme activities, and microbial biomass C and N. Our results also evidenced a considerable positive impact of chronic (10-year) high-N loading on soil extractable N-NH4+, acid phosphatase enzyme activity, Calluna root mycorrhizal colonization by ericoid fungi, Calluna shoot N and P contents, and litter N content and N:P ratio. The age of heathland vegetation influenced the effects of N addition on ericoid mycorrhizal colonization, resulting in higher colonized roots in young heathlands at the control, low and medium N-input rates; and in mature ones at the high and chronically high N rates. Also, young heathlands exhibited greater soil extractable N-NO3-, available P, microbial biomass N, Calluna shoot N and P contents, and litter N content, compared to mature ones. Our results highlighted that accounting for the N-input load and duration, as well as the developmental stage of the vegetation, is important for assessing the effects of added N, particularly at the heathlands' southern distribution limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Calvo-Fernández
- Area of Ecology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Institute of Environmental Research (IMA), University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Ángela Taboada
- Area of Ecology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Institute of Environmental Research (IMA), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststrasse 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststrasse 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Leonor Calvo
- Area of Ecology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Institute of Environmental Research (IMA), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Elena Marcos
- Area of Ecology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Institute of Environmental Research (IMA), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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Wang R, Goll D, Balkanski Y, Hauglustaine D, Boucher O, Ciais P, Janssens I, Penuelas J, Guenet B, Sardans J, Bopp L, Vuichard N, Zhou F, Li B, Piao S, Peng S, Huang Y, Tao S. Global forest carbon uptake due to nitrogen and phosphorus deposition from 1850 to 2100. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4854-4872. [PMID: 28513916 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterns and temporal trends of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition are important for quantifying their impact on forest carbon (C) uptake. In a first step, we modeled historical and future change in the global distributions of the atmospheric deposition of N and P from the dry and wet deposition of aerosols and gases containing N and P. Future projections were compared between two scenarios with contrasting aerosol emissions. Modeled fields of N and P deposition and P concentration were evaluated using globally distributed in situ measurements. N deposition peaked around 1990 in European forests and around 2010 in East Asian forests, and both increased sevenfold relative to 1850. P deposition peaked around 2010 in South Asian forests and increased 3.5-fold relative to 1850. In a second step, we estimated the change in C storage in forests due to the fertilization by deposited N and P (∆Cν dep ), based on the retention of deposited nutrients, their allocation within plants, and C:N and C:P stoichiometry. ∆Cν dep for 1997-2013 was estimated to be 0.27 ± 0.13 Pg C year-1 from N and 0.054 ± 0.10 Pg C year-1 from P, contributing 9% and 2% of the terrestrial C sink, respectively. Sensitivity tests show that uncertainty of ∆Cν dep was larger from P than from N, mainly due to uncertainty in the fraction of deposited P that is fixed by soil. ∆CPdep was exceeded by ∆CNdep over 1960-2007 in a large area of East Asian and West European forests due to a faster growth in N deposition than P. Our results suggest a significant contribution of anthropogenic P deposition to C storage, and additional sources of N are needed to support C storage by P in some Asian tropical forests where the deposition rate increased even faster for P than for N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yves Balkanski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Didier Hauglustaine
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ivan Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Josep Penuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laurent Bopp
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shu Tao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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10
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Ford H, Roberts A, Jones L. Nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation and grazing moderate nitrogen impacts on plant growth and nutrient cycling in sand dune grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:203-209. [PMID: 26519581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition alters plant biodiversity and ecosystem function in grasslands worldwide. This study examines the impact of 6 years of nutrient addition and grazing management on a sand dune grassland. Results indicate that co-limitation of N and phosphorus (P) moderates the impact of realistic rates of N addition (7.5, 15 kg N ha(1) year(-1)). Combined NP addition (15 kg N + 10 kg P ha(-1) year(-1)) was the only nutrient treatment to differ significantly from the control, with greater above-ground biomass (mainly moss), and enhanced N and P mineralisation rates. Grazing management altered plant functional group composition, reduced above-ground biomass and meso-faunal feeding rates, and decoupled N and P mineralisation. There were no synergistic effects of grazing and N treatment. Although NP co-limitation apparently prevents adverse impacts of N deposition above the critical load, excess N is likely to be stored in moss biomass and soil, with unknown future consequences. CAPSULE This study shows that at realistic levels of N addition, NP co-limitation in a dune grassland appears to prevent adverse impacts of N on plant growth and nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Ford
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Aled Roberts
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Laurence Jones
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
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11
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Sardans J, Alonso R, Janssens IA, Carnicer J, Vereseglou S, Rillig MC, Fernández‐Martínez M, Sanders TGM, Peñuelas J. Foliar and soil concentrations and stoichiometry of nitrogen and phosphorous across
E
uropean
P
inus sylvestris
forests: relationships with climate,
N
deposition and tree growth. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- CSIC Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Edifici C Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Rocio Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution CIEMAT Avda. Complutense 22 (edif. 70) Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- UA University of Antwerpen Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrjk Belgium
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- CSIC Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Edifici C Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies Nijenborg 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stavros Vereseglou
- Institut für Biologie Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 D‐14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) D‐14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institut für Biologie Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 D‐14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) D‐14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Marcos Fernández‐Martínez
- CSIC Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Edifici C Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Tanja G. M. Sanders
- Thünen‐Institute of Forest Ecosystems Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries Alfred‐Moeller‐Str. 1 16225 Eberswalde Germany
- Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology University Greifswald Grimmer Str. 88 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Edifici C Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
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12
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Jones AG, Power SA. Functional relationships with N deposition differ according to stand maturity in Calluna-dominated heathland. AMBIO 2015; 44:131-41. [PMID: 24845194 PMCID: PMC4329132 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant and soil bio(chemical) indicators are increasingly used to provide information on N deposition inputs and effects in a wide range of ecosystem types. However, many factors, including climate and site management history, have the potential to influence bioindicator relationships with N due to nutrient export and changing vegetation nutrient demands. We surveyed 33 heathlands in England, along a gradient of background N deposition (7.2-24.5 kg ha(-1) year(-1)), using Calluna vulgaris growth phase as a proxy for time since last management. Our survey confirmed soil nutrient accumulation with increasing time since management. Foliar N and phosphorus (P) concentrations in pioneer- and mature-phase vegetation significantly increased with N deposition. Significant interactions between climate and N deposition were also evident with, for example, higher foliar P concentrations in pioneer-phase vegetation at sites with higher temperatures and N deposition rates. Although oxidized N appeared more significant than reduced N, overall there were more, stronger relationships with total N deposition; suggesting efforts to control all emissions of N (i.e., both oxidized and reduced forms) will have ecological benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Glyn Jones
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK,
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13
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Rowe EC, Smart SM, Emmett BA. Phosphorus availability explains patterns in a productivity indicator in temperate semi-natural vegetation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:2156-2164. [PMID: 25008033 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00312h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant production is a key process in semi-natural ecosystems, affecting resource provision, carbon storage, and habitat suitability for species of conservation concern. There is debate over whether nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) limits productivity more widely, and whether the pattern of limitation has been affected by widespread atmospheric N pollution. In a national-scale survey, floristic composition was used to derive mean Ellenberg N score (EN) for use as an independent metric of productivity. Much of the variation in EN within extensively-managed habitats could be explained by bulk-soil properties such as total C and moisture contents, reflecting the axis from wet, organic, infertile soils to drier, mineral, fertile soils. However, this main axis of variation was also explained well by bicarbonate-extractable P stock, and P stock was included in the best 88 of 255 possible models for all habitats, or the best 55 of 255 models for extensively-managed habitats. The stock of mineralisable N was much less well able to explain variation in the productivity metric, particularly in extensively-managed habitats. This suggests that P availability is a more widespread constraint to the productivity of semi-natural ecosystems in the UK than is N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Rowe
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 3EU, UK.
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14
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Rowe EC, Tipping E, Posch M, Oulehle F, Cooper DM, Jones TG, Burden A, Hall J, Evans CD. Predicting nitrogen and acidity effects on long-term dynamics of dissolved organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 184:271-282. [PMID: 24077255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Increases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes may relate to changes in sulphur and nitrogen pollution. We integrated existing models of vegetation growth and soil organic matter turnover, acid-base dynamics, and organic matter mobility, to form the 'MADOC' model. After calibrating parameters governing interactions between pH and DOC dissolution using control treatments on two field experiments, MADOC reproduced responses of pH and DOC to additions of acidifying and alkalising solutions. Long-term trends in a range of acid waters were also reproduced. The model suggests that the sustained nature of observed DOC increases can best be explained by a continuously replenishing potentially-dissolved carbon pool, rather than dissolution of a large accumulated store. The simulations informed the development of hypotheses that: DOC increase is related to plant productivity increase as well as to pH change; DOC increases due to nitrogen pollution will become evident, and be sustained, after soil pH has stabilised.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Rowe
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, ECW, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
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15
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Lü XT, Reed S, Yu Q, He NP, Wang ZW, Han XG. Convergent responses of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption to nitrogen inputs in a semiarid grassland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:2775-84. [PMID: 23625746 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have significantly altered nitrogen (N) availability in most terrestrial ecosystems, with consequences for community composition and ecosystem functioning. Although studies of how changes in N availability affect biodiversity and community composition are relatively common, much less remains known about the effects of N inputs on the coupled biogeochemical cycling of N and phosphorus (P), and still fewer data exist regarding how increased N inputs affect the internal cycling of these two elements in plants. Nutrient resorption is an important driver of plant nutrient economies and of the quality of litter plants produce. Accordingly, resorption patterns have marked ecological implications for plant population and community fitness, as well as for ecosystem nutrient cycling. In a semiarid grassland in northern China, we studied the effects of a wide range of N inputs on foliar nutrient resorption of two dominant grasses, Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis. After 4 years of treatments, N and P availability in soil and N and P concentrations in green and senesced grass leaves increased with increasing rates of N addition. Foliar N and P resorption significantly decreased along the N addition gradient, implying a resorption-mediated, positive plant-soil feedback induced by N inputs. Furthermore, N : P resorption ratios were negatively correlated with the rates of N addition, indicating the sensitivity of plant N and P stoichiometry to N inputs. Taken together, the results demonstrate that N additions accelerate ecosystem uptake and turnover of both N and P in the temperate steppe and that N and P cycles are coupled in dynamic ways. The convergence of N and P resorption in response to N inputs emphasizes the importance of nutrient resorption as a pathway by which plants and ecosystems adjust in the face of increasing N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Lü
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
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16
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Southon GE, Field C, Caporn SJM, Britton AJ, Power SA. Nitrogen deposition reduces plant diversity and alters ecosystem functioning: field-scale evidence from a nationwide survey of UK heathlands. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59031. [PMID: 23637736 PMCID: PMC3639280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings from nitrogen (N) manipulation studies have provided strong evidence of the detrimental impacts of elevated N deposition on the structure and functioning of heathland ecosystems. Few studies, however, have sought to establish whether experimentally observed responses are also apparent under natural, field conditions. This paper presents the findings of a nationwide field-scale evaluation of British heathlands, across broad geographical, climatic and pollution gradients. Fifty two heathlands were selected across an N deposition gradient of 5.9 to 32.4 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). The diversity and abundance of higher and lower plants and a suite of biogeochemical measures were evaluated in relation to climate and N deposition indices. Plant species richness declined with increasing temperature and N deposition, and the abundance of nitrophilous species increased with increasing N. Relationships were broadly similar between upland and lowland sites, with the biggest reductions in species number associated with increasing N inputs at the low end of the deposition range. Both oxidised and reduced forms of N were associated with species declines, although reduced N appears to be a stronger driver of species loss at the functional group level. Plant and soil biochemical indices were related to temperature, rainfall and N deposition. Litter C:N ratios and enzyme (phenol-oxidase and phosphomonoesterase) activities had the strongest relationships with site N inputs and appear to represent reliable field indicators of N deposition. This study provides strong, field-scale evidence of links between N deposition--in both oxidised and reduced forms--and widespread changes in the composition, diversity and functioning of British heathlands. The similarity of relationships between upland and lowland environments, across broad spatial and climatic gradients, highlights the ubiquity of relationships with N, and suggests that N deposition is contributing to biodiversity loss and changes in ecosystem functioning across European heathlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E. Southon
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Field
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. M. Caporn
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sally A. Power
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Huang W, Zhou G, Liu J, Zhang D, Xu Z, Liu S. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen addition on foliar stoichiometry of nitrogen and phosphorus of five tree species in subtropical model forest ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 168:113-120. [PMID: 22609862 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N) addition on foliar N and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry were investigated in five native tree species (four non-N2 fixers and one N2 fixer) in open-top chambers in southern China from 2005 to 2009. The high foliar N:P ratios induced by high foliar N and low foliar P indicate that plants may be more limited by P than by N. The changes in foliar N:P ratios were largely determined by P dynamics rather than N under both elevated CO2 and N addition. Foliar N:P ratios in the non-N2 fixers showed some negative responses to elevated CO2, while N addition reduced foliar N:P ratios in the N2 fixer. The results suggest that N addition would facilitate the N2 fixer rather than the non-N2 fixers to regulate the stoichiometric balance under elevated CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
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18
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Tian W, Zhang CQ, Qiao P, Milne R. Diversity of culturable ericoid mycorrhizal fungi of Rhododendron decorum in Yunnan, China. Mycologia 2011; 103:703-9. [PMID: 21289105 DOI: 10.3852/10-296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi isolated from Rhododendron decorum Franch. in Yunnan, southwestern China, was examined for the first time. In total 300 hair-root samples were collected from 13 R. decorum individuals in two adjacent wild population sites and one cultivated population site. Two hundred eighteen slow-growing isolates were obtained; the ability of some to form ericoid mycorrhiza was tested in vitro. One hundred twenty-five isolates formed hyphal structures morphologically corresponding to ericoid mycorrhiza, and these were determined by morphological and molecular means to belong to 12 fungal species. There were hardly any differences in species among the three sampled populations. The sequences of several isolates were similar to those of Oidiodendron maius and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi from Helotiales, accounting respectively for 18.4% and 24.8% of the total culturable ericoid mycorrhizal fungi assemblage. Dark septate endophytes were detected in the sampled hair roots by microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tian
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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19
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Edmondson JL, Carroll JA, Price EAC, Caporn SJM. Bio-indicators of nitrogen pollution in heather moorland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:6202-6209. [PMID: 20888029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Heather moorlands are internationally important ecosystems that are highly sensitive to eutrophication and acidification by reactive atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. We used a long-term experiment simulating wet-deposition of N on heather moorland to identify potential bio-indicators of N deposition. These indicators were subsequently employed in a survey covering a N deposition gradient ranging from approximately 7 to 31kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), at selected sites throughout the UK. In this regional survey litter phenol oxidase activity and bryophyte species richness were negatively associated with N deposition. Calluna vulgaris N:P ratios and litter extractable N were positively correlated with N deposition. The use of the suite of four bio-indicators has the potential to provide rapid assessment of the extent of N saturation of heather moorland sites and moorland ecosystem functioning, and has significant advantages over reliance on single measures such as soil N status or an individual bio-indicator species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Edmondson
- Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
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