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Rajan S, Parween M, Raju NJ. Pesticides in the hydrogeo-environment: a review of contaminant prevalence, source and mobilisation in India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5481-5513. [PMID: 37183216 PMCID: PMC10183316 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides in the hydrogeological system are a global concern as they pose a severe threat to humans and other organisms. In agriculture, around 4.12 million tonnes of pesticides were used globally in 2018, which is 50% more than in the 1990s. Various pesticides detected in the hydrogeological system of India since the 1990s have been documented and reviewed to understand the prevalence, source, history and degradation pathways. This review contributes to a better understanding of existing pesticide pollution and the state of hydrogeological resource deterioration. Small to excess levels of pesticide residues were detected in groundwater, surface water, soil, and sediments. Pesticides that were most commonly and predominantly found in the hydrogeological system were HCHs, DDTs, endosulfan, heptachlor, drins (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin), chlordane etc. β and γ-HCH isomers among HCHs, whereas p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE among the DDTs were detected most prevalently. In many regions, pesticide residue levels in water have exceeded the maximum residue limits of WHO and BIS, while those in soils and sediments have exceeded the threshold effect level and probable effect level. Higher pesticide residues were detected in the water resources of rural agricultural areas compared to peri-urban or urban areas. A positive correlation of pesticide residues between water resources and soil has been observed in some regions, suggesting a similar contamination source. Diagnostic ratios of pesticides reveal their source, history and degradation pathways. Diagnostic ratios observed in various studies conducted in India suggest historical as well as recent use of banned pesticides. Strengthening current policies and regulations, monitoring pesticide use, changes in pesticide application practices, awareness among farmers, and the use of prominent removal techniques are necessary to tackle pesticide contamination in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Rajan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Musarrat Parween
- Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India
| | - N Janardhana Raju
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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2
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Khuman SN, Park MK, Kim HJ, Hwang SM, Lee CH, Choi SD. Organochlorine pesticides in the urban, suburban, agricultural, and industrial soil in South Korea after three decades of ban: Spatial distribution, sources, time trend, and implicated risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119938. [PMID: 35970351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides in soil samples across urban, suburban, agricultural, and industrial sites were analyzed every year between 2013 and 2016 in South Korea. The study aims to understand the residual status, diminution of occurrence from the South Korean environment, and its risk to humans after three decades of the ban. A general decreasing trend of OCPs has been observed over the years. The OCP concentrations were below the guideline values prescribed for soil pollution. Metabolites like p,p'-DDD and endosulfan sulfate contributed a major portion to the total OCP concentration over the years. The agricultural sites showed higher OCP levels than other site types. Compositional profile and diagnostic ratios suggested that the occurrence of DDT and endosulfan residues were due to historical inputs, but those of HCH and chlordane reflect recent usage in some pockets. The calculated incremental lifetime cancer risk was within the safety limit for all age groups across the genders in the majority of the sites. It is evident that the OCP load on soil is decreasing since the ban on usage. However, regular monitoring with a special focus on metabolites can be an effective control measure to regulate and eliminate the contamination of OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjenbam Nirmala Khuman
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Park
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemical Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Man Hwang
- Department of Chemical Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Roque I, Lourenço R, Marques A, Martínez-López E, Espín S, Gómez-Ramirez P, García-Fernández AJ, Roulin A, Rabaça JE. A First Record of Organochlorine Pesticides in Barn Owls (Tyto alba) from Portugal: Assessing Trends from Variation in Feather and Liver Concentrations. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:436-442. [PMID: 35871684 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated feathers as a non-destructive biomonitoring tool documenting organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in liver and checked possible trends in pesticide use in two areas based on OCP concentrations in barn owls (Tyto alba). We measured the concentrations of 16 OCP in 15 primary feathers and 15 livers from barn owl carcasses collected on roadsides in Tagus Valley and Évora regions, south Portugal. Total OCP mean concentration was 8 120 ng g-1 in feathers and 178 ng g-1 in livers. All compounds were detected in feathers while in livers δ-HCH, endosulfan sulphate, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDD were not detected. The high β-HCH and heptachlor concentrations in feathers most likely derived from external endogenous contamination. P,p'-DDE was the OCP with the highest hepatic concentration. Both matrices indicated an exposure to recently released heptachlor. The differing OCP concentrations between Tagus Valley and Évora seem to reflect differences in land-use and pesticide use histories of the two locations, and/or faster degradation of OCP in the Tagus area.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Roque
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, LabOr-Laboratory of Ornithology, IIFA - Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal.
| | - R Lourenço
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, LabOr-Laboratory of Ornithology, IIFA - Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - A Marques
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, LabOr-Laboratory of Ornithology, IIFA - Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - E Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Espín
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - P Gómez-Ramirez
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A J García-Fernández
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Roulin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Building Biophore, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J E Rabaça
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, LabOr-Laboratory of Ornithology, IIFA - Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
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4
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Ashesh A, Singh S, Linthoingambi Devi N, Chandra Yadav I. Organochlorine pesticides in multi-environmental matrices of India: A comprehensive review on characteristics, occurrence, and analytical methods. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Alshemmari H, Al-Shareedah AE, Rajagopalan S, Talebi LA, Hajeyah M. Pesticides driven pollution in Kuwait: The first evidence of environmental exposure to pesticides in soils and human health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129688. [PMID: 33524749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution from pesticide residues is a key concern due to the high soil accumulation of pesticides and their human toxicity. Pesticide concentration of surface soil samples from the Sulaibiya agricultural field located in Kuwait was assessed in the present study. The study also investigated health risk assessment for both children and adults based on the residual concentrations. The average concentration of ƩOCPs (sum of organochlorine pesticides) along the present study was 3062 pg/g. The residual concentration of ƩOCPs was comparatively lower as compared to other locations around the world. Out of the 11 observed locations, A, B, and D locations indicated higher concentrations of ƩOCPs. The results indicated that DDT showed higher concentrations 692.87 pg/g in soil samples as compared to the other pesticides. Cancer risks of OCP via ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation of soil particles suggested that all stations were in a safe zone. However, locations A, B and D were closer to the low-risk band. The distribution pattern for each form of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) was different in Sulaibiya, indicating the non-simultaneous use of different groups of OCPs in this region. Multivariate statistical analysis based on cluster analysis identified three classes, 1, 2 and 3 of pesticides, suggesting these are from the same sources. Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that soil physicochemical properties influence the pesticides in soil samples. The results provides the baseline data of pesticides in soils from Kuwait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshemmari
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait; Stockholm Convention Regional Center for Capacity-Building and the Transfer of Technology for West Asia (SCRC-Kuwait), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait.
| | - Abdulaziz E Al-Shareedah
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Smitha Rajagopalan
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Lina Ali Talebi
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Mariam Hajeyah
- Crisis Decision Support (CDS) Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
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6
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Li Q, Li A, Yu X, Dai T, Peng Y, Yuan D, Zhao B, Tao Q, Wang C, Li B, Gao X, Li Y, Wu D, Xu Q. Soil acidification of the soil profile across Chengdu Plain of China from the 1980s to 2010s. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134320. [PMID: 31518779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil acidification is a major environmental issue associated with intensive agricultural land use. Rapid urbanization has inevitably caused great changes in agricultural land use around urban areas. However, the effects of agricultural land-use change and soil parent material on the pH dynamics of the whole soil profile remain poorly understood. Based on a paired soil resampling campaign in the 1980s and 2010s, this study evaluated the effects of agricultural land-use change and parent materials on the pH dynamics of the soil profile across the Chengdu Plain of China. The results showed that soil pH significantly decreased by 1.20, 0.72, 0.66 and 0.68 units at the 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-100 cm soil depths, respectively. Conversions of traditional rice-wheat/rapeseed rotations to rice-vegetable rotations and afforested land significantly increased the magnitude of pH decline at the 0-60 cm soil depth. Soils formed from Q4 grey-brown alluvium and Q4 grey alluvium, which had a lower soil bulk density (BD) and higher sand content, showed a much higher magnitude of pH decline than soils formed from Q3 (Quaternary Pleistocene) old alluvium, and significant acidification of deep soils only occurred in soils formed from Q4 (Quaternary Holocene) grey-brown alluvium and Q4 grey alluvium. These results suggested that agricultural land-use change aggravated acidification in the soil profile and the soil acidification degrees were parent material-dependent; in particular, significant acidification of deep soils was more inclined to occur in soils with lower soil BD and higher sand content due to their effects on the downward movement of acids and the penetration resistance of plant roots. More attention should be given to minimizing or preventing acidification of both topsoil and deep soils aggravated by agricultural land-use change across urban agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiquan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Aiwen Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuelian Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Tianfei Dai
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yueyue Peng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dagang Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yiding Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Deyong Wu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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7
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Diop A, Diop YM, Sarr SO, Ndiaye B, Gueye R, Thiam K, Cazier F, Delattre F. Pesticide Contamination of Soil and Groundwater in the Vulnerable Agricultural Zone of the Niayes (Dakar, Senegal). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2019.1613928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amadou Diop
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Control, Faculty of de Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Yérim Mbagnick Diop
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Control, Faculty of de Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Serigne Omar Sarr
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Control, Faculty of de Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Bara Ndiaye
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Control, Faculty of de Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Rokhaya Gueye
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Control, Faculty of de Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Khadidiatou Thiam
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Control, Faculty of de Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Common Center of Measurements, Littoral Côte d’Opale University, BP 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - François Delattre
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, Littoral Côte d’Opale University, BP 59140, Dunkerque, France
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8
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Wu L, Wu X, Lin S, Wu Y, Tang S, Zhou M, Shaaban M, Zhao J, Hu R, Kuzyakov Y, Wu J. Carbon budget and greenhouse gas balance during the initial years after rice paddy conversion to vegetable cultivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:46-56. [PMID: 29426168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice paddy conversion to vegetable production is a common agricultural practice driven by economic benefits and shifting diets. However, little is known on the initial effects of this land-use conversion on net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) and greenhouse gas (GHG) balance. Annual NECB and emissions of CH4 and N2O were measured from a native double rice cropping system (Rice) and a vegetable field recently converted from rice paddy (Veg) under no nitrogen (N) fertilization (Rice-N0 and Veg-N0) and conventional N fertilization (Rice-N+ and Veg-N+) during the initial four years upon conversion in subtropical China. Land-use conversion from rice to vegetable cultivation led to substantial C losses (2.6 to 4.5 Mg C ha-1 yr-1), resulting from strongly reduced C input by 44-52% and increased soil organic matter mineralization by 46-59% relative to Rice. The magnitude of C losses from Veg was highest in the first year upon conversion, and showed a decreasing trend over time. N fertilization shifted rice paddy from a slight C source in Rice-N0 (-1.0 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) to a significant C sink in Rice-N+ (1.1 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) and alleviated the impact of land-use conversion on C loss via increased C input from higher crop productivity. Land-use conversion greatly increased the global warming potential (GWP) from Veg by 116-395% relative to Rice in the first year, primarily due to increased C losses and N2O emission outweighing the decreased CH4 emission. However, the GWP did not show obvious difference between Rice and Veg in the following years. N fertilization and land-use conversion interactively increased GWP in the first year via increased N2O production. Concluding, NECB and GHG emissions in the first year after conversion are crucial and should be considered when evaluating the environmental consequences of land-use conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xian Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shan Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yupeng Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuirong Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Shaaban
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinsong Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 420049 Kazan, Russia; Agro-Technology Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China
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9
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Sun J, Pan L, Tsang DCW, Zhan Y, Zhu L, Li X. Organic contamination and remediation in the agricultural soils of China: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:724-740. [PMID: 29017123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution is a global problem in both developed and developing countries. Countries with rapidly developing economies such as China are faced with significant soil pollution problems due to accelerated industrialization and urbanization over the last decades. This paper provides an overview of published scientific data on soil pollution across China with particular focus on organic contamination in agricultural soils. Based on the related peer-reviewed papers published since 2000 (n=203), we evaluated the priority organic contaminants across China, revealed their spatial and temporal distributions at the national scale, identified their possible sources and fates in soil, assessed their potential environmental risks, and presented the challenges in current remediation technologies regarding the combined organic pollution of agricultural soils. The primary pollutants in Northeast China were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to intensive fossil fuel combustion. The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were higher in North and Central China owing to concentrated agricultural activities. The levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were higher in East and South China primarily because of past industrial operations and improper electronic waste processing. The co-existence of organic contaminants was severe in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, which are the most populated and industrialized regions in China. Integrated biological-chemical remediation technologies, such as surfactant-enhanced bioremediation, have potential uses in the remediation of soil contaminated by multiple contaminants. This critical review highlighted several future research directions including combined pollution, interfacial interactions, food safety, bioavailability, ecological effects, and integrated remediation methods for combined organic pollution in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianteng Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lili Pan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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10
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Qu C, Albanese S, Lima A, Li J, Doherty AL, Qi S, De Vivo B. Residues of hexachlorobenzene and chlorinated cyclodiene pesticides in the soils of the Campanian Plain, southern Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1497-1506. [PMID: 28964601 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A systematic grid sampling method and geostatistics were employed to investigate the spatial distribution, inventory, and potential ecological and human health risks of the residues of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and chlorinated cyclodiene pesticides in soils of the Campanian Plain, Italy, and explore their relationship with the soils properties. The geometric mean (Gmean) concentrations of HCB and cyclodiene compounds followed the order CHLs (heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, trans-chlordane, and cis-chlordane) > DRINs (aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin) > SULPHs (α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, and endosulfan sulfate) > HCB. The residual levels of most cyclodienes in agricultural soils were generally higher than those of corresponding counterparts in the other land uses. Significant differences in the concentration of HCB and cyclodienes in the soils across the region are observed, and the Acerra-Marigliano conurbation (AMC) and Sarno River Basin (SRB) areas exhibit particularly high residual concentrations. Some legacy cyclodienes in the Campanian Plain may be attributed to a secondary distribution. The Gmean inventory of HCB, SULPHs, CHLs, and DRINs in the soil is estimated to be 0.081, 0.41, 0.36, and 0.41 metric tons, respectively. The non-cancer and cancer risks of HCB and cyclodienes for exposed populations are deemed essentially negligible, however, endosulfan poses significant ecological risks to some terrestrial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Qu
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources (DiSTAR), University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Stefano Albanese
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources (DiSTAR), University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Lima
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources (DiSTAR), University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Jiji Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | | | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Benedetto De Vivo
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources (DiSTAR), University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
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11
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Zeng F, Yang D, Xing X, Qi S. Evaluation of Bayesian approaches to identify DDT source contributions to soils in Southeast China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 176:32-38. [PMID: 28254712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dicofol application may be an important source to elevate the dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) residues to soils in Fujian, Southeast China, after the technical DDT was banned, which left DDT residues from the historical application. The DDT residues varied geographically, corresponding to the varied potential sources of DDT. In this study, a novel approach based on the Bayesian method (BM) was developed to identify the source contributions of DDT to soils, composed with both historical DDT and dicofol. The Naive Bayesian classifier was used basing on the subset of the samples, which were determined by chemical analysis independent of the Bayesian approach. The results show that BM (95%) was higher than that using the ratio of o, p'-/p, p'-DDT (84%) to identify DDT source contributions. High detection rate (97%) of dicofol (p, p'-OH-DDT) was observed in the subset, showing dicofol application influenced the DDX levels in soils in Fujian. However, the contribution from historical technical DDT source was greater than that from dicofol in Fujian, indicating historical technical DDT was still an important pollution source to soils. In addition, both the DDX (DDT isomers and derivatives) level and dicofol contribution in non-agricultural soils were higher than other agricultural land uses, especially in hilly regions, the potential cause may be the atmospheric transport of dicofol type DDT, after spraying during daytime, or regional difference on production and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinli Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Pan HW, Lei HJ, He XS, Xi BD, Han YP, Xu QG. Levels and distributions of organochlorine pesticides in the soil-groundwater system of vegetable planting area in Tianjin City, Northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:417-429. [PMID: 27975327 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To study the influence of long-term pesticide application on the distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the soil-groundwater system, 19 soil samples and 19 groundwater samples were collected from agricultural area with long-term pesticide application history in Northern China. Results showed that the composition of OCPs changed significantly from soil to groundwater. For example, ∑DDT, ∑HCH, and ∑heptachlor had high levels in the soil and low levels in the groundwater; in contrast, endrin had low level in the soil and high level in the groundwater. Further study showed that OCP distribution in the soil was significantly influenced by its residue time, soil organic carbon level, and small soil particle contents (i.d. <0.0002 mm). Correlation analysis also indicates that the distribution of OCPs in the groundwater was closely related to the levels of OCPs in the soil layer, which may act as a pollution source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Pan
- School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hong-Jun Lei
- School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Song He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bei-Dou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Han
- School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
| | - Qi-Gong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Huang B, Luo N, Long L, Huang M, Zhai X, Zeng G. Effect of land use pattern change from paddy soil to vegetable soil on the adsorption-desorption of cadmium by soil aggregates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2734-2743. [PMID: 27834052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of land use change from paddy soil to vegetable soil on the adsorption-desorption behavior of Cd in soil aggregates and the variation in soil properties were investigated. The vegetable soil was characterized by lower pH, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), free iron oxides, manganese oxides, and catalase activity and higher urease activity compared with the paddy soil. In the isothermal adsorption and desorption experiments, the adsorption characteristics of Cd of the two soils could be well described by Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The adsorption capacity of vegetable soil decreased 22.72 %, and the desorption rate increased 35 % with respect to paddy soil. Therefore, conversion from paddy to vegetable field can reduce the adsorption ability to Cd of the soil to a certain extent. Both the two soils reached the maximum adsorption capacity and the minimum desorption rate in the <0.002-mm faction. The adsorption capacity of Cd in paddy and vegetable soils exhibited great reliance on the content of CEC. Desorption rate was negatively correlated with the four indicators: organic matter, CEC, free iron oxides, and manganese oxides, and specific adsorption was primarily controlled by soil organic matter and manganese oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ninglin Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lingzhi Long
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Mei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
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Qu C, Albanese S, Chen W, Lima A, Doherty AL, Piccolo A, Arienzo M, Qi S, De Vivo B. The status of organochlorine pesticide contamination in the soils of the Campanian Plain, southern Italy, and correlations with soil properties and cancer risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:500-511. [PMID: 27376995 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, inventory, and potential risk of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and their correlation with soil properties and anthropogenic factors were investigated in soils of the Campanian Plain. The total concentrations of HCHs and DDTs ranged from 0.03 to 17.3 ng/g (geometric mean: GM = 0.05 ng/g), and 0.08-1231 ng/g (GM = 14.4 ng/g), respectively. In general, the concentration of OCPs in farmland and orchards was higher than on land used for non-agricultural purposes. There are significant differences in the concentration of OCPs in the soils across the region, more specifically, the Acerra-Marigliano conurbation (AMC) and Sarno River Basin (SRB) are recognized as severely OCP-contaminated areas. The recent application of technical HCHs and DDTs in large quantities appears unlikely in light of the ratio of α-HCH/β-HCH and p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE, and the prohibition of the use of these chemicals in Italy nearly forty years ago. The clear correlation between the concentration of DDTs and organic carbon suggests a typical secondary distribution pattern. The mass inventory of OCPs in soils of the Campanian Plain is estimated to have a GM of 17.3 metric tons. There is no clear evidence linking the impact of geographical distribution of OCPs on the incidence of cancer, and the 95% confidence interval of total incremental lifetime cancer risk (TILCR) data falls below the internationally accepted benchmark value of 1 × 10(-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Qu
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Stefano Albanese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Annamaria Lima
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela L Doherty
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Michele Arienzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China.
| | - Benedetto De Vivo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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15
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Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in wetland soils under different land uses along a 100-year chronosequence of reclamation in a Chinese estuary. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17624. [PMID: 26633149 PMCID: PMC4668565 DOI: 10.1038/srep17624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil profiles were collected at a depth of 30 cm in ditch wetlands (DWs), riverine wetlands (RiWs) and reclaimed wetlands (ReWs) along a 100-year chronosequence of reclamation in the Pearl River Delta. In total, 16 OCPs were measured to investigate the effects of wetland reclamation and reclamation history on OCP levels. Our results showed that average ∑DDTs, HCB, MXC, and ∑OCPs were higher in surface soils of DWs compared to RiWs and ReWs. Both D30 and D20 soils contained the highest ∑OCP levels, followed by D40 and D100 soils; lower ∑OCP levels occurred in D10 soils. Higher ∑OCP levels were observed in the younger RiWs than in the older ones, and surface soils exhibited higher ∑OCP concentrations in the older ReWs compared with younger ReWs. The predominant percentages of γ-HCH in ∑HCHs (>42%) and aldrin in ∑DRINs (>46%) in most samples reflected the recent use of lindane and aldrin. The presence of dominant DDT isomers (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD) indicated the historical input of DDT and significant aerobic degradation of the compound. Generally, DW soils had a higher ecotoxicological risk of OCPs than RiW and ReW soils, and the top 30 cm soils had higher ecotoxicological risks of HCHs than of DDTs.
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16
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Ju C, Dong F, Liu X, Wu X, Zhao H, Zheng Y, Xu J. Rapid residue analysis of oxathiapiprolin and its metabolites in typical Chinese soil, water, and sediments by a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:909-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ju
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
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17
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Huang T, Guo Q, Tian H, Mao X, Ding Z, Zhang G, Li J, Ma J, Gao H. Assessing spatial distribution, sources, and human health risk of organochlorine pesticide residues in the soils of arid and semiarid areas of northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6124-6135. [PMID: 24474559 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-two topsoil samples were collected to analyze the residue levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in topsoil of arid and semiarid areas of northwest China in 2011. Results showed that DDTs were the dominant contaminants with a mean concentration of 12.52 ng/g. The spatial distribution characteristics indicated that α-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were mainly used in rural sites, whereas hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and endosulfan were detected mostly in urban areas. DDTs, heptachlor, and chlordane were found almost equally in both urban and rural areas. Source identification revealed that the current levels of HCHs in soils were attributable to the residues from their historical use and fresh usage of lindane (γ-HCH). DDTs were mainly from historical use and fresh usage of dicofol, and HCB was emitted from the chemical industry. It was also found that the current soil levels of heptachlor were mainly from its historical usage, endosulfan from fresh input, and chlordane from long-range atmospheric transport, respectively. The noncarcinogenic health risk assessment with a model was also conducted using USEPA standards for adults and children. Results indicated that health risk under nondietary exposure to OCPs decreased in the sequence of ΣDDT > ΣHCH > HCB > Σheptachlor > Σendosulfan > Σchlordane. According to the reference dose from the USEPA, the health risk under nondietary exposure to OCPs in the soil samples was at a relatively safe level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
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18
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Du X, Jin X, Yang X, Yang X, Zhou Y. Spatial pattern of land use change and its driving force in Jiangsu Province. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:3215-32. [PMID: 24646864 PMCID: PMC3987031 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110303215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Scientific interpretation of the mechanism of land use change is important for government planning and management activities. This study analyzes the land use change in Jiangsu Province using three land use maps of 2000, 2005 and 2008. The study results show that there was a significant change in land use. The change was mainly characterized by a continuous built-up land expansion primarily at the expense of cropland loss, and the trend became increasingly rapid. There was an obvious regional difference, as most of the cropland loss or built-up land expansion took place in southern Jiangsu, where the rate of built-up land expansion was faster than in central and northern Jiangsu. Meanwhile, the spatial pattern changed remarkably; in general, the number of patches (NumP) showed a declining trend, and the mean patch size (MPS) and patch size standard deviation (PSSD) displayed increase trends. Furthermore, the relative importance of selected driven factors was identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and general linear model (GLM). The results showed that not only the relative importance of a specific driving factor may vary, but the driven factors may as well. The most important driven factor changed from urban population (UP), secondary gross domestic product (SGDP) and gross domestic product (GDP) during 2000-2005 to resident population (RP), population density (POD) and UP during 2005-2008, and the deviance explained (DE) decreased from 91.60% to 81.04%. Policies also had significant impacts on land use change, which can be divided into direct and indirect impacts. Development policies usually had indirect impacts, particularly economic development policies, which promote the economic development to cause land use change, while land management policies had direct impacts. We suggest that the government should think comprehensively and cautiously when proposing a new development strategy or plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong Du
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xiaobin Jin
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xilian Yang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xuhong Yang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yinkang Zhou
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Mishra K, Sharma RC, Kumar S. Contamination profile of DDT and HCH in surface sediments and their spatial distribution from North-East India. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 95:113-122. [PMID: 23810211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Contamination status and spatial distribution of DDTs and HCHs were investigated in sediments collected from ponds and riverine system from districts Nagaon and Dibrugarh, North East India. A total of 113 surface sediment samples were collected from both the districts including 43 from ponds/wetlands and 70 from rivers/streams. Based on dry weight (dw), the mean concentration of ∑HCH and ∑DDT in sediments were found to be 287 ng/g (71.2-834 ng/g) and 321 ng/g (30.1-918 ng/g) for district Dibrugarh while 330 ng/g (39.2-743 ng/g) and 378 ng/g (72.5-932 ng/g) for district Nagaon, respectively. DDTs and HCHs in sediments were well influenced by total organic carbon, clay and silt content of sediments. Source identification revealed that sediment residue levels have originated from long and recent mixed source of technical HCH and Lindane for HCHs and mainly technical DDT for DDTs. Majority of samples exceeded the sediment quality guidelines (SQG) for γ-HCH, p,p'-DDT and ∑DDT indicating potential environmental risk. This baseline data can be used as reference for regular ecological and future POPs monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumkum Mishra
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal-246174, Uttarakhand, India.
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Komprda J, Komprdová K, Sáňka M, Možný M, Nizzetto L. Influence of climate and land use change on spatially resolved volatilization of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from background soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:7052-7059. [PMID: 23506564 DOI: 10.1021/es3048784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The subject of this study is the assessment of the influence of climate and land use change on the potential re-emission of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from background and agricultural soils. A deterministic spatially and temporally explicit model of the air-surface exchange was created, fed with distributed data of soil and atmospheric concentrations from real measurements, and run under various scenarios of temperature and land use change for a case study area representative of central European conditions. To describe land use influence, some important features were implemented including effect of plowing, influence of land cover, temperature of soil, and seasonal changes of air layer stability. Results show that volatilization of pesticides from soil largely exceeded dry gas deposition in most of the area. Agricultural soils accounted for more than 90% of the total re-emissions both because of the generally higher soil fugacities (higher loads of chemicals and relatively low organic carbon content), but also due to physical characteristics and land management practices enhancing the dynamics of the exchange. An increase of 1 °C in air temperature produced an increase of 8% in the averaged total volatilization flux, however this effect can be neutralized by a change of land use of 10% of the arable lands to grassland or forest, which is consistent with projected land use change in Europe. This suggests that future assessment of climate impact on POP fate and distribution should take into consideration land use aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Komprda
- RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Shi Y, Lu Y, Meng F, Guo F, Zheng X. Occurrence of organic chlorinated pesticides and their ecological effects on soil protozoa in the agricultural soils of North Western Beijing, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 92:123-128. [PMID: 23582133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of ∑HCHs, ∑DDTs, protozoa abundance and their community structure in surface soils of orchards, vegetable lands, and barren lands in northern west outskirts of Beijing were detected in order to investigate the protozoa responses to low dose organic chlorinated Pesticides (OCPs) after long-term field-based exposure. Significant differences in total concentrations of HCHs and DDTs were found among the three general groups ranking in decreasing order of concentration from orchard>vegetable lands >barren lands. Ciliate was the rare group in surface soils of all the sampling groups. The abundance of flagellate, ciliate, and amoebae in vegetable soils were significantly higher than those in orchard soils. The abundance of all the taxa of protozoa was strongly negative correlated with the residue level of ∑HCHs and ∑DDTs (P<0.05) in agricultural soils. However, no negative correlation between the residue levels of OCPs and protozoa abundance was shown in both the orchard and the barren soils. This field study demonstrated a considerable long-term impact of the OCPs residue on the abundance of protozoa in soils, and that the abundance of soil protozoa was much more influenced by land use type in association with different soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Shi
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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22
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Yu HY, Li FB, Yu WM, Li YT, Yang GY, Zhou SG, Zhang TB, Gao YX, Wan HF. Assessment of organochlorine pesticide contamination in relation to soil properties in the Pearl River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 447:160-168. [PMID: 23380564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) have been found in soil of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), attributable to high pesticide application in this area. Consequently, the occurrence and environmental effect of HCHs and DDTs in the PRD have attracted considerable attention. However, study focusing on the influence of potential factors such as soil property on the environmental fate of HCHs and DDTs in the PRD has been rare. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of soil physiochemical properties on the distribution patterns and fate of soil HCHs and DDTs on a large spatial scale. Levels of HCHs (sum of α-, β-, γ- and δ-HCH) and DDTs (sum of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDD), and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE)) in 151 soil samples covering all areas of the PRD and physiochemical parameters related to soil properties including pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total Fe (TFe), DCB-Fe (DFe), amorphous-Fe (AFe), complexed-Fe (CFe), total Mn (TMn), DCB-Mn (DMn), amorphous-Mn (AMn), complexed-Mn (CMn) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined. The residual levels of HCHs and DDTs in soils of the present study, which are mainly controlled by soil TOC and CFe content and varying spatially with land use types, may potentially pose ecological risk to plants and animals. On the other hand, transformation of soil HCHs may be affected by pH and DDT transformation correlated significantly with AFe and CFe. Currently, soil has become an important secondary source of OCPs and the re-emission potential of OCPs in soil was mainly affected by soil OCP concentrations and land use types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yun Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
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Gao J, Zhou H, Pan G, Wang J, Chen B. Factors influencing the persistence of organochlorine pesticides in surface soil from the region around the Hongze Lake, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013. [PMID: 23178885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB), DDTs and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) was examined in surface soils from paddy, upland and wetland fields in the region around the Hongze Lake in 2009, and some factors influencing residual levels of OCPs in soils were analyzed. DDTs and HCHs were the predominant contaminants in soils. The residual levels of OCPs in cultivated soils were significantly higher than those of corresponding counterparts in wetland soils. It indicated the agricultural usage amount of OCPs principally accounted for the presence of their residues in soil. Among these organochlorines and their metabolites detected in the soil samples, β-HCH and p, p'-DDE were the two dominant substances of HCHs and DDTs, respectively. The ratio of w(DDT)/w(DDD+DDE) and the ratio α-HCH/γ-HCH also suggested residual HCHs and DDTs in soil resulted from technical HCH (no elimination of Lindane) and DDT applied in this region in the past and there has been no recent input. The analysis of linear correlation indicated that soil pH and TOC influenced the residues of α-HCH and β-HCH, respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed the contents of OCPs in soils probably were related to their usage amount in the past and octanol-water coefficient (Kow). Compared with the corresponding data from other places and the protection guidelines of Netherlands, US EPA and China, the region around the Hongze Lake may be generally categorized as a slightly polluted area and it is suitable for agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Life Science and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China.
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Mishra K, Sharma RC, Kumar S. Contamination levels and spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides in soils from India. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 76:215-25. [PMID: 22001318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), are potential chemical pollutants extensively used for agriculture and vector control purposes due to low cost and high effectiveness. Concentrations of HCH and DDT were determined in 175 surface soil samples from different agricultural fields, fallow and urban lands of districts Nagaon and Dibrugarh, Assam, India. The mean concentrations of total HCH and total DDT were 825 ng/g (range: 98-1945 ng/g) and 903 ng/g (range: 166-2288 ng/g) in district Nagaon while 705 ng/g (range: 178-1701 ng/g) and 757 ng/g (range: 75-2296 ng/g) in district Dibrugarh, respectively. The soils from paddy fields contained highest amounts of HCH and DDT residues. Total organic carbon was found to be positively associated with soil HCH and DDT residues. Ratios of DDT/(DDD+DDE) were 1.25 and 1.82 while of α/γ HCH were 2.78 and 2.51 for districts Dibrugarh and Nagaon, respectively. Source identification revealed that soil residue levels have originated from long past and recent mixed source of technical HCH and Lindane for HCHs and mainly technical DDT for DDTs. Spatial distribution was also investigated to identify the areas with higher pesticide loadings in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mishra
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University-A Central University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
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Sun B, Dong ZX, Zhang XX, Li Y, Cao H, Cui ZL. Rice to vegetables: short- versus long-term impact of land-use change on the indigenous soil microbial community. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2011; 62:474-485. [PMID: 21298263 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change is known to have a significant effect on the indigenous soil microbial community, but it is unknown if there are any general trends regarding how this effect varies over time. Here, we describe a comparative analysis of microbial communities from three adjacent agricultural fields: one-century-old paddy field (OP) and two vegetable fields (new vegetable field (NV) and old vegetable field (OV)) that were established on traditional paddy fields 10 and 100 years ago, respectively. Soil chemical and physical analysis showed that both vegetable fields were more nutrient rich than the paddy field in terms of organic C, total N, total P, and available K. The vegetable fields possessed relatively higher abundance of culturable bacteria, fungi, and specific groups of bacteria (Actinomyces, nitrifying bacteria, and cellulose-decomposing bacteria) but lower levels of microbial biomass C and N. Notably, the decrease of biomass was further confirmed by analysis of seven additional soils in chronosequence sampled from the same area. Next we examined the metabolic diversity of the microbial community using the EcoPlate(TM) system from Biolog Inc. (Hayward, CA, USA). The utilization patterns of 31 unique C substrates (i.e., community-level physiological profile) showed that microorganisms in vegetable soil and paddy soil prefer to use different C substrates (polymeric compounds for NV and OV soils, phenolic acids for OP soil). Principal component analysis and the average well color development data showed that the NV is metabolically more distinct from the OV and OP. The effect was likely attributable to the elevated soil pH in NV soil. Furthermore, we assessed the diversity of soil bacterial populations using the cultivation-independent technology of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). Results showed that levels of bacterial diversity in OP and NV soils were similar (Shannon's diversity index H = 4.83 and 4.79, respectively), whereas bacteria in OV soil have the lowest score of diversity (H = 3.48). The low level of bacterial diversity in OV soil was supported by sequencing of ten randomly selected 16S rDNA clones from each of the three rDNA libraries. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the ten OV clones belonged to Proteobacteria with eight in the gamma-subdivision and two in the alpha-subdivision. In contrast, the ten clones from NV and OP soils were classified into four and eight bacterial classes or unclassified groups, respectively. Taken together, our data suggest that land-use change from rice to vegetables resulted in a decrease of bacterial diversity and soil biomass despite an increase in the abundance of culturable microorganisms and, moreover, the decrease of bacterial diversity occurred during long-term rather than short-term vegetable cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Karnchanasest B, Hawker DW. A column test for leaching of organochlorines from soil by amphiphilic nonionic nanopolymers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2011; 46:411-418. [PMID: 21614715 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2011.572508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic nonionic cross-linked nanopolymers (NPs) were synthesized to examine removal of five organochlorines (OCs), namely lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, and DDT, from a range of Thai agricultural soils. The synthesized NP particles had polarity characteristics similar to those of nonionic surfactant micelles and were largely in the size range of 55-155 nm. This work aimed to determine the optimal conditions for leaching of OC contaminated soil with NPs and also to investigate the role and influence of soil properties on this leaching. An investigation of the concentrations of aqueous dispersions of these particles found that a concentration of 10 g L(-1). was found most effective in leaching the OCs from a column of spiked soil. The optimal contact time that allowed a NP dispersion and spiked soil to reach equilibrium was 48 h. The results indicated influencing factors for OC removal and soil remediation were properties both of the soil and the compounds themselves. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and soil texture played an important role on the sorption as well as compound hydrophobicity expressed as log K(OW) values. The removal efficiency was found to be in the range of 85.2-92.8 % for all soil samples and in the order of DDT < aldrin < heptachlor < dieldrin < endrin < lindane regardless of soil type. This order is inversely related to the log K(OC) values of these compounds. For OC compounds with a similar molecular structure, removal efficiency was related to molecular weight (MW).
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Hu W, Lu Y, Wang T, Luo W, Zhang X, Geng J, Wang G, Shi Y, Jiao W, Chen C. Factors affecting HCH and DDT in soils around watersheds of Beijing reservoirs, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2010; 32:85-94. [PMID: 19484495 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-009-9267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The factors that influence the dynamics of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in soils around the watersheds of Beijing reservoirs were examined. Compared with other studies on HCH and DDT in soils and established reference values, the concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils around our study area were relatively low. The relationships between HCH and DDT concentrations and land use, soil texture, and soil properties were discussed. HCH and DDT concentrations were higher in arable soils than those in uncultivated fallow soils. Although land use was the most important factor affecting HCH and DDT residues, additional factors such as soil texture and soil total organic carbon were also involved in pesticide retention in soils. The results indicated that the historical agricultural applications of HCH and DDT were the major source of their residues. Atmospheric deposition, as well as long-distance transportation and inputs from surrounding weathered agricultural soils may also serve as important sources of HCH and DDT residues in the watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
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Zhang L, Dong L, Shi S, Zhou L, Zhang T, Huang Y. Organochlorine pesticides contamination in surface soils from two pesticide factories in Southeast China. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:628-633. [PMID: 19772983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present article attempts to investigate organochlorine pesticides' (OCPs) contamination in soils from polluted sites and to assess the soil quality in the study area. HCHs and eight other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) pesticides were studied in surface soil samples collected from a new (F) and an old (G) pesticide factory in Southeast China. According to the measured results, surface soils from F and G were contaminated with HCHs, DDTs, HCB, and chlordane, with beta-HCH and p,p'-DDT being the two dominant substances. The total OCPs concentrations of surface soils from F and G were 0.84 and 166mgkg(-1) respectively. Cluster analysis was performed to group the soil sites in terms of their total OCPs contamination levels. The ratios of alpha-HCH/gamma-HCH, o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT, and trans-/cis- chlordane in some of the soil samples are similar to their technical products in the study area which indicates the lack of hazardous waste management practices of the pesticide production and transportation. According to GB 15618-1995, the HCHs could be classified as light pollution and little pollution for F and G, whereas DDTs levels of F and G could be defined as little pollution and heavy pollution, respectively. This study indicates that surface soils, especially residential area soils from F and G were facing varying degrees of pollutions. The situation is more hazardous due to the continuous exposure of the population that lives in the surroundings. Therefore, on-site remediation technologies and the best available techniques/best environmental practices (BAT/BEP) should be carried out on these factories with the national implementation of the Stockholm Convention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, No. 1 Yuhui Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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Alle A, Dembelle A, Yao B, Ado G. Distribution of Organochlorine Pesticides in Human Breast Milk and Adipose Tissue from Two Locations in Côte d’Ivoire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajaps.2009.456.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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