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Kang H, Shang X, Abdumutallip M, Chen Y, Li L, Wang X, Li C, Ouyang H, Tang X, Wang L, Rudich Y, Chen J. Accurate observation of black and brown carbon in atmospheric fine particles via a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155817. [PMID: 35561930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) are major components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that dramatically influence the energy budget of Earth. However, accurate assessment of the climatic impacts of CAs is still challenging due to the large uncertainties remaining in the measurement of their optical properties. In this respect, a modified versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system integrated into optical instruments (VACES-OPTS) was set up to increase particle concentration and amplify signal-noise ratio during optical measurement. Based on the novel technique, this study was able to lower the detection limit of CAs by an order of magnitude under high temporal resolution (2 h) and small sampling flow (6 L min-1). Besides, stable and reliable optical data were obtained for absorption apportionment and source identification of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC). In the field application of the new system, high absorption coefficient of CAs in Shanghai, China was witnessed. Further analysis of the contribution of black carbon BC and BrC to light absorption revealed that BrC could account for over 15% of the total absorption at 370 nm. According to the potential source contribution function model (PSCF) classification, CAs with strong light absorption in urban Shanghai originated not only from highly polluted inland China but also from active marine ship emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Kang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaona Shang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Munira Abdumutallip
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunqian Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ling Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Huiling Ouyang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xu Tang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Nogarotto DC, Pozza SA. A review of multivariate analysis: is there a relationship between airborne particulate matter and meteorological variables? ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:573. [PMID: 32772266 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among statistical tools for the study of atmospheric pollutants, trajectory regression analysis (TRA), cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) can be highlighted. Therefore, this article presents a systematic review of such techniques based on (i) air mass influences on particulate matter (PM) and (ii) the study of the relationship between PM and meteorological variables. This article aims to review studies that use TRA and to review studies that adopt CA and/or PCA to identify the associations and relationship between meteorological variables and atmospheric pollutants. Papers published between 2006 and 2018 and indexed by five of the main scientific databases were considered (ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases). PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) recommendations supported this systematic review. From the resulting most relevant papers, eight studies analyzed the influence of air mass trajectories on PM using TRA and twenty-one studies searched for the relationship between meteorological variables and PM using CA and/or PCA. A combination of TRA and time series models was identified as the possibility of future works. Besides, studies that simultaneously combine the three techniques to identify both the influence of air masses on PM and its relationship with meteorological variables are a possibility of future papers, because it can lead to a better comprehension of such a phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Andrea Pozza
- School of Technology (FT), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
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Negral L, Suárez-Peña B, Zapico E, Fernández-Nava Y, Megido L, Moreno J, Marañón E, Castrillón L. Anthropogenic and meteorological influences on PM 10 metal/semi-metal concentrations: Implications for human health. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125347. [PMID: 31765904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in investigating the human health risk associated with metals in airborne particulate matter. The objective of this paper is the health risk assessment of Al, Be, Sb, Sn, Ti and Tl in PM10 under different advections of air masses. These metals/semi-metal were studied in samples collected in an area influenced by industrial activities in northern Spain with the aim of analysing the variations in PM10 metal/semi-metal. Elemental concentrations were assessed over a period of one year in terms of air mass origin by means of back trajectories (HYSPLIT), the conditional probability function, polar plots, PM concentration roses, aerosol maps (NAAPs) and receptor modelling. The mean concentrations of Al, Be, Sb, Sn, Ti and Tl were 254, 0.02, 1.30, 1.15, 15.3 and 0.20 ng/m3, respectively, and were within the usual range for suburban stations in Europe. The highest levels were recorded during conditions of regional air mass origin, highlighting the importance of sources not far from the station. Under these circumstances, the renovation of air masses was not produced. The main sources of metals were anthropogenic, mostly related to the use of coal and coke production. In general, the cancer and non-cancer risk values obtained in this study fell within accepted precautionary criteria in all trajectory groups. However, in order to improve air quality and reduce risks to human health, the impact resulting from the joint inhalation of Al, Be, Sb, Sn, Ti and Tl should not be ignored when air masses are fundamentally of regional origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Negral
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, Gijón Campus, University of Oviedo, 33203, Gijón, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Suárez-Peña
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, Gijón Campus, University of Oviedo, 33203, Gijón, Spain.
| | - Eugenia Zapico
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, Gijón Campus, University of Oviedo, 33203, Gijón, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Fernández-Nava
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, Gijón Campus, University of Oviedo, 33203, Gijón, Spain.
| | - Laura Megido
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, Gijón Campus, University of Oviedo, 33203, Gijón, Spain.
| | - Jose Moreno
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Elena Marañón
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, Gijón Campus, University of Oviedo, 33203, Gijón, Spain.
| | - Leonor Castrillón
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, Gijón Campus, University of Oviedo, 33203, Gijón, Spain.
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Han Y, Xu H, Bi X, Lin F, Jiao L, Zhang Y, Feng Y. The effect of atmospheric particulates on the rainwater chemistry in the Yangtze River Delta, China. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:1452-1466. [PMID: 31566487 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1674750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of atmospheric particulates on the chemistry and acidity of rainwater during the washout process in areas with highly acidic rainfall, rainwater and particulates (before, during and after rain) were sampled and analyzed from June 2008 to June 2009 in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. The volume-weighted mean pH of the rainwater was only 4.44 in Hangzhou, and the average concentrations of TSP (total-suspended particulates) and PM10 (particulates with aerodynamic equivalent diameters of less than 10 μm) during the study period were 191 μg/m3 and 155 μg/m3, respectively. The measured acid buffering capacities of PM10 and TSP were 1.31 ± 0.45 and 1.61 ± 0.84 ml/mg, on average, respectively, indicating that both had a certain acid buffering capacity. Rain appeared to have a pronounced scouring effect on particulates, except for F- and Cl- in PM10. Upon combining the correlation analysis between ions in particulates and rainwater with Enrichment Factor and Principal Component Analysis of the rainwater chemistry, the results suggested that the components of rainwater were mainly derived from washout processes acting on particulates from crustal dust and building industry sources (Ca2+), marine sources (Na+, K+ (in spring), Mg2+ and Cl-) and anthropogenic sources, especially secondary aerosols emitted from agricultural land, motor vehicles and industrial plants (NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+). The F- in rainwater was mainly contributed by gaseous pollutants, such as HF from cooling systems, coal burning and surrounding factories.Implications: The interaction between particulates and rain in areas with highly acidic rainfall include the following: rain appears to have a pronounced scouring effect on most components in the particulates; the components of the rainwater are mainly derived from washout processes acting on PM contributed by crustal dust, sea salt and secondary aerosol subcloud; and the acid buffering capacities of PM10 and TSP in Hangzhou are 1.31 ± 0.45 and 1.61 ± 0.84 ml/mg, respectively, and had a certain acid buffering capacity toward rainwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- The State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Particulate Air Pollution and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- The State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Particulate Air Pollution and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Bi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- The State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Particulate Air Pollution and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Lin
- The Environmental Monitoring Center of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiao
- The Environmental Monitoring Center of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- The State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Particulate Air Pollution and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- The State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Particulate Air Pollution and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Qin X, Li Y, Sun X, Meng L, Wang X. Transport pathway and source area for Artemisia pollen in Beijing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:687-699. [PMID: 29236152 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia pollen is an important allergen responsible for allergic rhinitis in Beijing, China. To explore the transport pathways and source areas of Artemisia pollen, we used Burkard 7-day traps to monitor daily pollen concentrations in 2016 in an urban and suburban locality. Backward trajectories of 24- and 96-h and their cluster analysis were performed to identify transport pathways of Artemisia pollen using the HYSPLIT model on 0.5° × 0.5° GADS meteorological data. The potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) were calculated to further identify the major potential source areas at local, regional, and long-range scales. Our results showed significant differences in Artemisia pollen concentration between urban and suburban areas, attributed to differences in plant distribution and altitude of the sampling locality. Such differences arisen from both pollen emission and air mass movements, hence pollen dispersal. At local or regional scales, source area of northwestern parts of Beijing City, Hebei Province and northern and northwestern parts of Inner Mongolia influenced the major transport pathways of Artemisia pollen. Transport pathway at a long-range scale and its corresponding source area extended to northwestern parts of Mongolia. The regional-scale transport affected by wind and altitude is more profound for Artemisia pollen at the suburban than at the urban station.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiyin Li
- Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xu Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sarkar C, Roy A, Chatterjee A, Ghosh SK, Raha S. Factors controlling the long-term (2009-2015) trend of PM 2.5 and black carbon aerosols at eastern Himalaya, India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:280-296. [PMID: 30513422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A first-ever long-term (2009-2015) study on the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) aerosol were conducted over Himalaya in order to investigate the characteristics, temporal variations and the important factors regulating the long-term trend. The study was conducted over a high altitude station, Darjeeling (27°01'N, 88°15'E, 2200 m asl) representing a typical high altitude urban atmosphere at eastern Himalaya in India. The average concentrations of PM2.5 and BC over a period of seven years were 25.2 ± 5.6 μg m-3 (ranging between 2.2 and 220.4 μg m-3) and 3.4 ± 0.7 μg m-3 (0.4 to 15.6 μg m-3) respectively. We observed decreasing trends in both PM2.5 (49% at a rate of 170 ng m-3 month-1) and BC (34% at the rate of 20 ng m-3 month-1) mass concentration over this region from 2009 to 2015. We extensively studied the impact of micrometeorological parameters on the long-term trend in PM2.5 and BC through the correlation analysis. The significant changes in boundary layer dynamics over this region played a major role in the decreasing trend of aerosols. The concentration weighted trajectory analysis revealed that the important contributory long-distant source regions for PM2.5 and BC over eastern Himalaya were Indo Gangetic Plane and Nepal. The contributions from these regions were found to be decreased significantly from 2009 to 2015. Investigations on the fire counts associated with the forest fire, and open burning activities through the satellite observations revealed that the decreasing trend in PM2.5 and BC over eastern Himalaya is well correlated to the decreasing trend in the fire counts over IGP and Nepal. We also explored that the changes and up gradation of the domestic fuel at the Indo Gangetic Plane regions in recent years not only improved the regional air quality but also affected the atmospheric environment over the eastern part of Himalaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirantan Sarkar
- Environmental Science Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Arindam Roy
- Environmental Science Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Abhijit Chatterjee
- Environmental Science Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, India; National Facility on Astroparticle Physics and Space Science, Bose Institute, 16, A.J.C. Bose Road, Darjeeling 734101, India.
| | - Sanjay K Ghosh
- Environmental Science Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, India; National Facility on Astroparticle Physics and Space Science, Bose Institute, 16, A.J.C. Bose Road, Darjeeling 734101, India; National Center for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science, Block-EN, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Sibaji Raha
- National Facility on Astroparticle Physics and Space Science, Bose Institute, 16, A.J.C. Bose Road, Darjeeling 734101, India; National Center for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science, Block-EN, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
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Dimitriou K, Kassomenos P. Aerosol contributions at an urban background site in Eastern Mediterranean - Potential source regions of PAHs in PM 10 mass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:563-571. [PMID: 28454029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, two backward air mass trajectory-based models (Potential Source Contribution Function [PSCF] and Concentration Weighted Trajectory [CWT]) were combined, aiming to identify sources and factors defining the load of PM in the city of Limassol (Cyprus). The study also focused on the determination of atmospheric pathways enriching the aerosol phase of four carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), Benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) and Benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), in PM10 mass. The analysis was performed on a 0.5°·0.5° resolution grid for the two-year period 2011-2012. During cold seasons, regional airflows triggered the accumulation of locally produced PM2.5, while the impact of dust plumes originated from deserts in NE Africa, Syria and the Middle East, was apparent on PM2.5 and principally on PMCOARSE levels. On the contrary, within warm seasons, weaker dust PMCOARSE contributions were detected in Limassol from areas in Egypt and Libya. Raised particulate-phase PAH concentrations in Limassol were clearly related to air parcels reaching Cyprus via continental areas. The use of outdated technologies for heating and transportation in Turkey and Syria, and fire events in central Turkey, are possible sources of exogenous PAHs throughout cold and warm period respectively. The influence of clean marine air masses dropped the levels of PAH compounds in all seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavlos Kassomenos
- Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Greece
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Siudek P, Frankowski M. The effect of sources and air mass transport on the variability of trace element deposition in central Poland: a cluster-based approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23026-23038. [PMID: 28822040 PMCID: PMC5630644 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of trace element (As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) deposition fluxes were conducted simultaneously in two contrasted environments, i.e., urban and forest, between April 2013 and October 2014. This was the first such project in central Poland, aimed at long-term observations of trace elements in the atmosphere and their distribution, transport, and deposition pattern. The receptor sites were different in terms of local meteorological conditions, emission potential, and distance to major anthropogenic sources. The deposition fluxes of all trace elements showed clear seasonal variations, with relatively higher values in winter than in summer. The main factors affecting interannual differences in concentrations and deposition of trace elements in central Poland were local emission from industrial and commercial sources, and changes in atmospheric conditions (wind speed and direction, boundary layer, precipitation amount, air mass origin). In this study, the impact of regional and long-range transport on trace element deposition was determined using the air back-trajectory cluster analysis. During the summertime of 2013 and 2014, the predominant SW and E advections from regional and remote anthropogenic sources in Europe were responsible for high deposition of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn, whereas during the wintertime of 2013/2014, we observed a significant influence of polluted air masses from southeastern regions. Based on the Pb/Zn ratio, it was found that regional sources significantly influenced the aerosol composition and rainwater chemistry within the study domain. However, the role of a long-range transport of anthropogenic pollutants was also important. In addition, a relatively small difference in the Pb/Zn ratio between both sites (urban 0.26 ± 0.18, forest 0.23 ± 0.17) may suggest (1) very similar contribution of anthropogenic sources and (2) minor importance of atmospheric transformation processes of these metals in the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Siudek
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1 Street, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland.
- Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b Street, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marcin Frankowski
- Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b Street, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Dimitriou K, Kassomenos P. Three year study of tropospheric ozone with back trajectories at a metropolitan and a medium scale urban area in Greece. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 502:493-501. [PMID: 25290591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Three years of hourly O3 concentration measurements from a metropolitan and a medium scale urban area in Greece: Athens and Ioannina respectively, were analyzed in conjunction with hourly wind speed/direction data and air mass trajectories, aiming to reveal local and regional contributions respectively. Conditional Probability Function was used to indicate associations among distinct wind directions and extreme O3 episodes. Backward trajectory clusters were elaborated by Potential Source Contribution Function on a grid of a 0.5°×0.5° resolution, in order to localize potential exogenous sources of O3 and its precursors. In Athens, an increased likelihood of extreme O3 events at the Northern suburbs was associated with the influence of SSW-SW sea breeze from Saronikos Gulf, due to O3 transportation from the city center. In Ioannina, the impacts of O3 conveyance from the city center to the suburban monitoring site were weaker. Potential O3 transboundary sources for Athens were mainly localized over Balkan Peninsula, Greece and the Aegean Sea. Potential Source Contribution Function hotspots were isolated over the industrialized area of Ptolemaida basin and above the region of Thessaloniki. Potential regional O3 sources for Ioannina were indicated across northern Greece and Balkan Peninsula, whereas peak Potential Source Contribution Function values were particularly observed over the urban area of Sofia in Bulgaria. The implemented methods, revealed local and potential transboundary source areas of O3, influencing Athens and Ioannina. Differences among the two cities were highlighted and the role of topography was emerged. These findings can be used in order to reduce the emission of O3 precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavlos Kassomenos
- Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Greece
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Tian YZ, Shi GL, Han B, Wu JH, Zhou XY, Zhou LD, Zhang P, Feng YC. Using an improved Source Directional Apportionment method to quantify the PM(2.5) source contributions from various directions in a megacity in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:750-756. [PMID: 25192649 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The transport of particulate matter (PM) and chemical species is an essential mechanism for determining the fate of PM pollutants and their effects. To determine source transport quantitatively, an ambient PM2.5 dataset from a megacity in China was analysed using a novel method called "Source Directional Apportionment" (SDA). The SDA method is developed in this work to quantify contributions of each source category from various directions. The three steps of SDA are (1) to estimate source categories and time series of source contributions to PM with a factor analysis model, (2) to identify directions by trajectory cluster analysis and (3) to quantify source directional contributions for each source category by combining the time series of source contributions to the back trajectories in each direction. For PM2.5 in Chengdu, crustal dust, vehicular exhaust, coal combustion and secondary sulphate are all important contributors to PM; secondary nitrate and cement dust are relatively less influential. Four potential source directions were identified in Chengdu during the sampling period from 2009 to 2011. The percentages of source directional contributions from Directions 1-4 (northeast, southwest to south, southwest and west) were estimated as follows: crustal dust (7.9%, 9.1%, 6.4% and 6.2%, respectively), cement dust (1.0%, 1.2%, 1.3% and 1.1%, respectively), vehicular exhaust (6.4%, 6.0%, 5.6% and 7.0%, respectively), secondary sulphate (5.1%, 5.2%, 5.6% and 8.6%, respectively) and secondary nitrate (2.0%, 2.4%, 2.5% and 2.3%, respectively). Finally, the source directional contributions to important chemical species were quantified to determine their transport from sources to receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ze Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guo-Liang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Bo Han
- College of Software, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jian-Hui Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lai-Dong Zhou
- Chengdu Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610042, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Chengdu Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610042, China
| | - Yin-Chang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Dimitriou K, Kassomenos P. Decomposing the profile of PM in two low polluted German cities--mapping of air mass residence time, focusing on potential long range transport impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 190:91-100. [PMID: 24732885 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to decompose the profile of particulates in Karlsruhe and Potsdam (Germany), focusing on the localization of PM potential transboundary sources. An air mass cluster analysis was implemented, followed by a study of air mass residence time on a grid of a 0.5° × 0.5° resolution. Particulate/gaseous daily air pollution and meteorological data were used to indicate PM local sources. Four Principal Component Analysis (PCA) components were produced: traffic, photochemical, industrial/domestic and particulate. PM2.5/PM10 ratio seasonal trends, indicated production of PMCOARSE (PM10-PM2.5) from secondary sources in Potsdam during warm period (WP). The residing areas of incoming slow moving air masses are potential transboundary PM sources. For Karlsruhe those areas were mainly around the city. An air mass residence time secondary peak was observed over Stuttgart. For Potsdam, areas with increased dwelling time of the arriving air parcels were detected particularly above E/SE Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Dimitriou
- Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Pavlos Kassomenos
- Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Rodopoulou S, Chalbot MC, Samoli E, Dubois DW, San Filippo BD, Kavouras IG. Air pollution and hospital emergency room and admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Doña Ana County, New Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 129:39-46. [PMID: 24529001 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Doña Ana County in New Mexico regularly experiences severe air pollution episodes associated with windblown dust and fires. Residents of Hispanic/Latino origin constitute the largest population group in the region. We investigated the associations of ambient particulate matter and ozone with hospital emergency room and admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular visits in adults. METHODS We used trajectories regression analysis to determine the local and regional components of particle mass and ozone. We applied Poisson generalized models to analyze hospital emergency room visits and admissions adjusted for pollutant levels, humidity, temperature and temporal and seasonal effects. RESULTS We found that the sources within 500km of the study area accounted for most of particle mass and ozone concentrations. Sources in Southeast Texas, Baja California and Southwest US were the most important regional contributors. Increases of cardiovascular emergency room visits were estimated for PM10 (3.1% (95% CI: -0.5 to 6.8)) and PM10-2.5 (2.8% (95% CI: -0.2 to 5.9)) for all adults during the warm period (April-September). When high PM10 (>150μg/m(3)) mass concentrations were excluded, strong effects for respiratory emergency room visits for both PM10 (3.2% (95% CI: 0.5-6.0)) and PM2.5 (5.2% (95% CI: -0.5 to 11.3)) were computed. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicated effects of PM10, PM2.5 and O3 on emergency room visits during the April-September period in a region impacted by windblown dust and wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Marie-Cecile Chalbot
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Public Health, 4301 West Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - David W Dubois
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Box 30003 MSC 3Q, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA
| | | | - Ilias G Kavouras
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Public Health, 4301 West Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA.
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