1
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Teschke R. Copper, Iron, Cadmium, and Arsenic, All Generated in the Universe: Elucidating Their Environmental Impact Risk on Human Health Including Clinical Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6662. [PMID: 38928368 PMCID: PMC11203474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans are continuously exposed to various heavy metals including copper, iron, cadmium, and arsenic, which were specifically selected for the current analysis because they are among the most frequently encountered environmental mankind and industrial pollutants potentially causing human health hazards and liver injury. So far, these issues were poorly assessed and remained a matter of debate, also due to inconsistent results. The aim of the actual report is to thoroughly analyze the positive as well as negative effects of these four heavy metals on human health. Copper and iron are correctly viewed as pollutant elements essential for maintaining human health because they are part of important enzymes and metabolic pathways. Healthy individuals are prepared through various genetically based mechanisms to maintain cellular copper and iron homeostasis, thereby circumventing or reducing hazardous liver and organ injury due to excessive amounts of these metals continuously entering the human body. In a few humans with gene aberration, however, liver and organ injury may develop because excessively accumulated copper can lead to Wilson disease and substantial iron deposition to hemochromatosis. At the molecular level, toxicities of some heavy metals are traced back to the Haber Weiss and Fenton reactions involving reactive oxygen species formed in the course of oxidative stress. On the other hand, cellular homeostasis for cadmium and arsenic cannot be provided, causing their life-long excessive deposition in the liver and other organs. Consequently, cadmium and arsenic represent health hazards leading to higher disability-adjusted life years and increased mortality rates due to cancer and non-cancer diseases. For unknown reasons, however, liver injury in humans exposed to cadmium and arsenic is rarely observed. In sum, copper and iron are good for the human health of most individuals except for those with Wilson disease or hemochromatosis at risk of liver injury through radical formation, while cadmium and arsenic lack any beneficial effects but rather are potentially hazardous to human health with a focus on increased disability potential and risk for cancer. Primary efforts should focus on reducing the industrial emission of hazardous heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, 63450 Hanau, Germany; ; Tel.: +49-6181/21859; Fax: +49-6181/2964211
- Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, 60590 Hanau, Germany
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2
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Shin J, Jeong R, Kumar H, Park C, Park SS, Kim K. Nanoparticle-based nanocomposite coatings with postprocessing for enhanced antimicrobial capacity of polymeric film. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:507-523. [PMID: 37905703 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on surfaces pose a significant risk of microbial contamination and chronic diseases, leading to potential health complications. To mitigate this concern, the implementation of antibacterial coatings becomes paramount in reducing pathogen propagation on contaminated surfaces. To address this requirement, our study focuses on developing cost-effective and sustainable methods using polymer composite coatings. Copper and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were used to assess their active antimicrobial functions. After coating the surface with nanoparticles, four different combinations of two postprocessing treatments were performed. Intense pulsed light was utilized to sinter the coatings further, and plasma etching was applied to manipulate the physical properties of the nanocomposite-coated sheet surface. Bacterial viability was comparatively analyzed at four different time points (0, 30, 60, and 120 min) upon contact with the nanocomposite coatings. The samples with nanoparticle coatings and postprocessing treatments showed an above-average 84.82% mortality rate at 30 min and an average of 89.77% mortality rate at 120 min of contact. In contrast, the control sample, without nanoparticle coatings and postprocessing treatments, showed a 95% microbe viability after 120 min of contact. Through this study, we gained critical insights into effective strategies for preventing the spread of microorganisms on high-touch surfaces, thereby contributing to the advancement of sustainable antimicrobial coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemyung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hitendra Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chaneel Park
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon S Park
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keekyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Mishra P, Kiran NS, Romanholo Ferreira LF, Yadav KK, Mulla SI. New insights into the bioremediation of petroleum contaminants: A systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138391. [PMID: 36933841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum product is an essential resource for energy, that has been exploited by wide range of industries and regular life. A carbonaceous contamination of marine and terrestrial environments caused by errant runoffs of consequential petroleum-derived contaminants. Additionally, petroleum hydrocarbons can have adverse effects on human health and global ecosystems and also have negative demographic consequences in petroleum industries. Key contaminants of petroleum products, primarily includes aliphatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), resins, and asphaltenes. On environmental interaction, these pollutants result in ecotoxicity as well as human toxicity. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, DNA mutations, and protein dysfunction are a few key causative mechanisms behind the toxic impacts. Henceforth, it becomes very evident to have certain remedial strategies which could help on eliminating these xenobiotics from the environment. This brings the efficacious application of bioremediation to remove or degrade pollutants from the ecosystems. In the recent scenario, extensive research and experimentation have been implemented towards bio-benign remediation of these petroleum-based pollutants, aiming to reduce the load of these toxic molecules in the environment. This review gives a detailed overview of petroleum pollutants, and their toxicity. Methods used for degrading them in the environment using microbes, periphytes, phyto-microbial interactions, genetically modified organisms, and nano-microbial remediation. All of these methods could have a significant impact on environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Neelakanta Sarvashiva Kiran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
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Xing D, Magdouli S, Zhang J, Bouafif H, Koubaa A. A Comparative Study on Heavy Metal Removal from CCA-Treated Wood Waste by Yarrowia lipolytica: Effects of Metal Stress. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040469. [PMID: 37108923 PMCID: PMC10145133 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioremediation is an effective way to remove heavy metals from pollutants. This study investigated the effects of Yarrowia lipolytica (Y. lipolytica) on the bioremediation of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood wastes. Copper ions stressed the yeast strains to improve their bioremediation efficiency. A comparison of changes in morphology, chemical composition, and metal content of CCA wood before and after bioremediation was conducted. The amount of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) was quantified by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer. The results showed that yeast strains remained on the surface of CCA-treated wood after bioremediation. The morphologies of the strains changed from net to spherical because of the Cu2+ stress. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that carboxylic acid groups of wood were released after removing heavy metals. A large amount of oxalic acid was observed when the optical density (OD600nm) was 0.05 on the 21st day. Meanwhile, the highest removal rate of Cu, As, and Cr was 82.8%, 68.3%, and 43.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the Cu removal from CCA-treated wood increased by about 20% after Cu2+ stress. This study showed that it is feasible to remove heavy metals from CCA-treated wood by Y. lipolytica without destroying the wood structure, especially by copper-induced Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xing
- Institut de Recherche sur les Forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Sara Magdouli
- Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Hassine Bouafif
- Centre Technologique des Résidus Industriels en Abitibi Témiscamingue, 433 Boulevard du Collège, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 0E1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Koubaa
- Institut de Recherche sur les Forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada
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5
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Woźniak M. Antifungal Agents in Wood Protection—A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196392. [PMID: 36234929 PMCID: PMC9570806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodegradation of wood and wood products caused by fungi is recognized as one of the most significant problems worldwide. To extend the service life of wood products, wood is treated with preservatives, often with inorganic compounds or synthetic pesticides that have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, the development of new, environmentally friendly wood preservatives is being carried out in research centers around the world. The search for natural, plant, or animal derivatives as well as obtaining synthetic compounds that will be safe for humans and do not pollute the environment, while at the same time present biological activity is crucial in terms of environmental protection. The review paper presents information in the literature on the substances and chemical compounds of natural origin (plant and animal derivatives) and synthetic compounds with a low environmental impact, showing antifungal properties, used in research on the ecological protection of wood. The review includes literature reports on the potential application of various antifungal agents including plant extracts, alkaloids, essential oils and their components, propolis extract, chitosan, ionic liquids, silicon compounds, and nanoparticles as well as their combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60625 Poznań, Poland
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6
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Abstract
Wood modification is an excellent and increasingly used method to expand the application of woody materials. Traditional methods, such as chemical or thermal, have been developed for the targeted improvement of some selected properties, unfortunately typically at the expense of others. These methods generally alter the composition of wood, and thus its mechanical properties, and enhance dimensional stability, water resistance, or decrease its susceptibility to microorganisms. Although conventional methods achieve the desired properties, they require a lot of energy and chemicals, therefore research is increasingly moving towards more environmentally friendly processes. The advantage of modern methods is that in most cases, they only modify the surface and do not affect the structure and mechanical properties of the wood, while reducing the amount of chemicals used. Cold plasma surface treatment is one of the cheapest and easiest technologies with a limited burden on the environment. In this review, we focus on cold plasma treatment, the interaction between plasma and wood compounds, the advantages of plasma treatment compared to traditional methods, and perspectives.
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7
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Cui G, Liu Y, Chen Y, Song T, Tong S. Experiments and simulation of co-migration of copper-resistant microorganisms and copper ions in saturated porous media. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2021; 242:103857. [PMID: 34265524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HV) pollutants may migrate to the groundwater environment through leaching, causing groundwater pollution. Compared with surface water pollution, groundwater pollution is complex and hidden. Existing methods for treating HV pollution in the vadose zone have had limited application owing to various problems. In recent years, microorganisms have been used in the field of pollution control and remediation owing to their outstanding adsorption and degradation properties and low cost, but their environmental safety and behavior in porous media are still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the migration behavior and mechanisms of copper ions in saturated porous media under the action of copper-resistant microorganisms and to establish a corresponding numerical model to simulate the results. The key parameters of adsorption and migration were determined through batch adsorption and soil column experiments. A one-dimensional soil column was used to conduct a co-migration experiment using copper-resistant microorganisms and Cu2+ in water-saturated quartz sand, and a co-migration mathematical model was constructed. It was found that the existence of microorganisms had an inhibitory effect on the migration of Cu2+ in quartz sand, and Cu2+ promoted the migration of microorganisms, reduced their adsorption, and increased their concentration in the column experiment effluent. The selected solute transport mathematical model had a good fitting effect on the breakthrough curves of copper ion and copper-resistant microorganisms during their co-migration. The results can provide parameters and a theoretical basis for the risk assessment and prevention of HV pollution in the saturated zone or aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Cui
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Yaoxuan Chen
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tiejun Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shouzheng Tong
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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8
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Ude VC, Brown DM, Stone V, Johnston HJ. Time dependent impact of copper oxide nanomaterials on the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress, metal binding, inflammation and mucus secretion in single and co-culture intestinal in vitro models. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 74:105161. [PMID: 33839236 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential for ingestion of copper oxide nanomaterials (CuO NMs) is increasing due to their increased exploitation. Investigation of changes in gene expression allows toxicity to be detected at an early stage of NM exposure and can enable investigation of the mechanism of toxicity. Here, undifferentiated Caco-2 cells, differentiated Caco-2 cells, Caco-2/HT29-MTX (mucus secreting) and Caco-2/Raji B (M cell model) co-cultures were exposed to CuO NMs and copper sulphate (CuSO4) in order to determine their impacts. Cellular responses were measured in terms of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the gene expression of an antioxidant (haem oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)), the pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin 8 (IL8)), the metal binding (metallothionein 1A and 2A (MT1A and MT2A)) and the mucus secreting (mucin 2 (MUC2)), as well as HMOX-1 protein level. While CuSO4 induced ROS production in cells, no such effect was observed for CuO NMs. However, these particles did induce an increase in the level of HMOX-1 protein and upregulation of HMOX1, MT2A, IL8 and MUC2 genes in all cell models. In conclusion, the expression of HMOX1, IL8 and MT2A were responsive to CuO NMs at 4 to 12 h post exposure when investigating the toxicity of NMs using intestinal in vitro models. These findings can inform the selection of endpoints, timepoints and models when investigating NM toxicity to the intestine in vitro in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Ude
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - David M Brown
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Helinor J Johnston
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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9
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Fischer J, Evlanova A, Philippe A, Filser J. Soil properties can evoke toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles towards springtails at low concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116084. [PMID: 33246757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP) are used as an efficient alternative to conventional Cu in agriculture and might end up in soils. They show a high toxicity towards cells and microorganisms, but only low toxicity towards soil invertebrates. However, most existing soil ecotoxicological studies were conducted in a sandy reference soil and at test concentrations ≥100 mg Cu/kg soil. Therefore, there is a knowledge gap concerning the effect of soil texture on the toxicity of CuO-NP at lower, more realistic test concentrations. In our study, a sandy reference soil and three loamy soils were spiked with CuO-NP at up to four concentrations, ranging from 5 to 158 mg Cu/kg. We investigated 28-day reproduction as well as weight and Cu content after 14-day bioaccumulation and subsequent 14-day elimination for the springtail Folsomia candida. For the first time we analysed the size distribution of CuO-NP in aqueous test soil extracts by single particle-ICP-MS which revealed that the diameter of CuO-NP significantly increased with increasing concentration, but did not vary between test soils. Negative effects on reproduction were only observed in loamy soils, most pronounced in a loamy-acidic soil (-61%), and they were always strongest at the lowest test concentration. The observed effects were much stronger than reported by other studies performed with sandy soils and higher CuO-NP concentrations. In the same soil and concentration, a moderate impact on growth (-28%) was observed, while Cu elimination from springtails was inhibited. Rather than Cu body concentration, the diameter of the CuO-NP taken up, as well as NP-clay interactions might play a crucial role regarding their toxicity. Our study reports for the first time toxic effects of CuO-NP towards a soil invertebrate at a low, realistic concentration range. The results strongly suggest including lower test concentrations and a range of soil types in nanotoxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Fischer
- University of Bremen, UFT, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Str. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Anna Evlanova
- University of Bremen, UFT, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Str. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Allan Philippe
- IES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Juliane Filser
- University of Bremen, UFT, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Str. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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Wang T, Wei X, Sun Y, Hu Y, Li J, Zhang X, Yin S, Shi Y, Zhu Y. Copper nanoparticles induce the formation of fatty liver in Takifugu fasciatus triggered by the PERK-EIF2α- SREBP-1c pathway. NANOIMPACT 2021; 21:100280. [PMID: 35559772 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), a new pollutant in water environments, were widely used in various industrial and commercial applications. This study indicated that the presence of CuNPs exposure under environmental related concentration is an inducing factor that contributes to the fatty liver formation in Takifugu fasciatus. Furthermore, we explored the fatty liver formation mechanism. The results shown, (1) the cloned genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) (GRP78, IRE-1α, PERK, and ATF-6α) were highly expressed in the liver of T. fasciatus. (2) after 30-days exposure, CuNPs accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum of liver and induced the appearance of ERS, then activated unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway. Furthermore, the SREBP-1c pathway that plays a key role in lipid synthesis was activated. (3) by using 4-PBA and GSK inhibitors to respectively stimulate ERS and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) through in vitro experiments, we confirmed that CuNPs induced the fatty liver formation in T. fasciatus triggered by the PERK-EIF2α pathway by activating the SREBP-1c pathway to promote fatty liver formation. This study provides a new perspective for identifying the pathogens of fatty liver formation, and adds to the knowledge of the ecological safety data service of CuNPs in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wei
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Yiru Sun
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Yadong Hu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
| | - Yonghai Shi
- Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Zhongyang Group Company Limited, Haian, Jiangsu 226600, China
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11
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Lu D, Luo Q, Chen R, Zhuansun Y, Jiang J, Wang W, Yang X, Zhang L, Liu X, Li F, Liu Q, Jiang G. Chemical multi-fingerprinting of exogenous ultrafine particles in human serum and pleural effusion. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2567. [PMID: 32444803 PMCID: PMC7244483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter pollution is one of the leading causes of global disease burden. Epidemiological studies have revealed the connections between particulate exposure and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, until now, the real species of ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs) in humans are still scarcely known. Here we report the discovery and characterization of exogenous nanoparticles (NPs) in human serum and pleural effusion (PE) samples collected from non-occupational subjects in a typical polluted region. We show the wide presence of NPs in human serum and PE samples with extreme diversity in chemical species, concentration, and morphology. Through chemical multi-fingerprinting (including elemental fingerprints, high-resolution structural fingerprints, and stable iron isotopic fingerprints) of NPs, we identify the sources of the NPs to be abiogenic, particularly, combustion-derived particulate emission. Our results provide evidence for the translocation of ambient UFPs into the human circulatory system, and also provide information for understanding their systemic health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yongxun Zhuansun
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fang Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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12
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Heat Treatment of Pine Wood: Possible Effect of Impregnation with Silver Nanosuspension. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The scope of the present work was to study the effects of heat treatment (at different mild temperatures) on the physicomechanical properties of pine wood, and to find out if impregnation with nanosilver may have any potential influence on the impact of heat treatment. Impregnation of wood with a 400-ppm silver nanosuspension was carried out under an initial vacuum pressure of 0.07 MPa, followed by a pressure of 0.25 MPa for thirty minutes, before heat treatment. Heat treatment was carried out under hot air at three relatively mild temperatures, 145, 165, and 185 °C. Results showed improvement of some properties in heat-treated wood at 145 °C. This was indicative of the improving impact caused by hornification and irreversible hydrogen bonding in the course of water movements due to heat treatment; significant fluctuations in the intensities of FTIR spectra bands at 1750–1500 cm−1 were corroborating evidence of chemical alterations in hemicellulose polymer. The high mass loss at temperature 185 °C, and the extreme thermal degradation thereof, overcame the improving effects of hornification and formation of irreversible hydrogen bonds, consequently mechanical properties decreased significantly. Interaction of different elements involved made it hard to predict properties in specimens modified at 165 °C. Impregnation of specimens with nanosilver suspension resulted in significant increase of mass loss in specimens heat-treated at 185 °C, and significant fluctuations in properties of specimens heat-treated at 145 °C.
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Yan J, Karlsson A, Zou Z, Dai D, Edlund U. Contamination of heavy metals and metalloids in biomass and waste fuels: Comparative characterisation and trend estimation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134382. [PMID: 31698270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of contaminated biomass and waste fuels is essential for waste management, waste to energy (WtE) and mitigating carbon emissions. The contamination of heavy metals and metalloids is specially concerned by environmental regulation and waste to energy processes. In this study, comparative characterisation is performed for three typical contaminated biomass and waste fuels. i.e. recycled woods, combustible municipal solid waste, and industrial and commercial wastes. The contamination characteristics are further analysed using statistical methods (e.g. significance, correlation, profile, and principal component analyses) to identify specific contamination features, relations among the contaminants and potential contamination sources. Contamination trend is estimated based on the continuously monitoring fuel qualities, the driving forces for regulating and reduction of the contaminations, and potential changes in major contamination sources. The comparative characterisation combined with statistical analyses provides a better way to understand the contamination mechanisms. The approach can also relate the fuel contamination with the contamination sources and their changes for trend estimation. Generally, the toxic heavy metals and metalloids are expected to be significantly reduced due to stricter regulations, but there is no general trend for the reduction of other metals and metalloids because of the complicated changes in contamination sources and waste recycling streams in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Yan
- Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Vattenfall AB, SE-169 92 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Zhi Zou
- Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deliang Dai
- Economics and Statistics, Linnaeus University, SE-351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Abstract
This work reviewed innovative wood surface treatments based on nanotechnology. It is well documented in the literature that the cell walls of wood present significant porosity; this porosity is on a molecular scale. The main reason for the use of nanotechnology in wood science and technology is the unique characteristic of nano-based materials to effectively penetrate deeply into wood substrates, which, in turns, results in the alteration of their surface chemistry. This subsequently causes an improvement in wood properties. Any potential change in the wood properties due to treatment with nanomaterials is based on the higher interfacial area which is developed due to the treatment. This occurs because the number of particles is significantly reduced to the nanoscale. The nanomaterials improve the properties of wood as a raw material and alter its original features to a limited extent. However, their potential impact on both health and the environment should be addressed by applying tools such as life-cycle assessments. This will avoid mistakes being made in which new technologies are released on the market prior to an impact assessment having been carried out.
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15
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Mechanical and Physical Properties of Oriented Strand Lumber (OSL): The Effect of Fortification Level of Nanowollastonite on UF Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111884. [PMID: 31739612 PMCID: PMC6918287 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the fortification level of nanowollastonite on urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) and its effect on mechanical and physical properties of oriented strand lumbers (OSL). Two resin contents are applied, namely, 8% and 10%. Nanowollastonite is mixed with the resin at two levels (10% and 20%). It is found that the fortification of UF resin with 10% nanowollastonite can be considered as an optimum level. When nanowollastonite content is higher (that is, 20%), higher volume of UF resin is left over from the process of sticking the strips together, and therefore is absorbed by wollastonite nanofibers. The mechanism involved in the fortification of UF resin with nanowollastonite, which results in an improvement of thickness swelling values, can be attributed to the following two main factors: (i) nanowollastonite compounds making active bonds with the cellulose hydroxyl groups, putting them out of reach for bonding with the water molecules and (ii) high thermal conductivity coefficient of wollastonite improving the transfer of heat to different layers of the OSL mat, facilitating better and more complete resin curing. Since nanowollastonite contributes to making bonds between the wood strips, which consequently improves physical and mechanical properties, its use can be safely recommended in the OSL production process to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the panel.
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16
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Physical and Mechanical Properties of Thermally-Modified Beech Wood Impregnated with Silver Nano-Suspension and Their Relationship with the Crystallinity of Cellulose. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101538. [PMID: 31547089 PMCID: PMC6835842 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of thermally modified beech wood impregnated with silver nano-suspension and to examine their relationship with the crystallinity of cellulose. Specimens were impregnated with a 400 ppm nanosilver suspension (NS); at least, 90% of silver nano-particles ranged between 20 and 100 nano-meters. Heat treatment took place in a laboratory oven at three temperatures, namely 145, 165, and 185 °C. Physical properties and mechanical properties of treated wood demonstrated statistically insignificant fluctuations at low temperatures compared to control specimens. On the other hand, an increase of temperature to 185 °C had a significant effect on all properties. Physical properties (volumetric swelling and water absorption) and mechanical properties (MOR and MOE) of treated wood demonstrated statistically insignificant fluctuations at low temperatures compared to control specimens. This degradation ultimately resulted in significant decrease in MOR, impact strength, and physical properties. However, thermal modification at 185 °C did not seem to cause significant fluctuations in MOE and compression strength parallel to grain. As a consequence of the thermal modification, part of amorphous cellulose was changed to crystalline cellulose. At low temperatures an increased crystallinity caused some of the properties to be improved. Crystallinity also demonstrated a decrease in NS-HT185 in comparison to HT185 treatment. TCr indices in specimens thermally treated at 145 °C revealed a significant increase as a result of impregnation with nanosilver suspension. This improvement in TCr index resulted in a noticeable increase in MOR and MOE values. Other properties did not show significant fluctuations, suggesting that the effect of the increased crystallinity and cross-linking in lignin was more than the negative effect of the low cell-wall polymer degradation caused by thermal modification. Change of amorphous cellulose to crystalline cellulose, as well as cross-linking in lignin, partially ameliorated the negative effects of thermal degradation at higher temperatures and therefore, compression parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity did not decrease significantly. Overall, it can be concluded that increased crystallinity and cross-linking in lignin can compensate for some decreased properties caused by thermal modification, but it would be significantly dependent on the temperature under which modification is carried out. Impregnating specimens with silver nano-suspension prior to thermal modification enhanced the effects of thermal modification as a result of improved thermal conductivity.
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17
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Sisler JD, Mandler WK, Shaffer J, Lee T, McKinney WG, Battelli LA, Orandle MS, Thomas TA, Castranova VC, Qi C, Porter DW, Andrew ME, Fedan JS, Mercer RR, Qian Y. Toxicological assessment of dust from sanding micronized copper-treated lumber in vivo. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:630-639. [PMID: 30953980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Micronized copper azole (MCA) is a lumber treatment improve longevity. In this study, the in vivo response to PM2.5 sanding dust generated from MCA-treated lumber was compared to that of untreated yellow pine (UYP) or soluble copper azole-treated (CA-C) lumber to determine if the MCA was more bioactive than CA-C. Mice were exposed to doses (28, 140, or 280 μg/mouse) of UYP, MCA, or CA-C sanding dust using oropharyngeal aspiration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) lactate dehydrogenase activity was increased at 1 day post-exposure to 280 μg/mouse of MCA and CA-C compared to UYP. BALF polymorphonuclear cells were increased by MCA and CA-C. There were increases in BALF cytokines in MCA and CA-C-exposed groups at 1 day post-exposure. Lung histopathology indicated inflammation with infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. Pulmonary responses were more severe in MCA and CA-C-exposed groups at 1 day post-exposure. MCA caused more severe inflammatory responses than CA-C at 1 day post-exposure. These findings suggest that the MCA and CA-C sanding dusts are more bioactive than the UYP sanding dust, and, moreover, the MCA sanding dust is more bioactive in comparison to the CA-C sanding dust. No chronic toxic effects were observed among all observed sanding dusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Sisler
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - W Kyle Mandler
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Justine Shaffer
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Taekhee Lee
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Walter G McKinney
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Lori A Battelli
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Marlene S Orandle
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Treye A Thomas
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Vincent C Castranova
- School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Chaolong Qi
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research Division, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45213, United States
| | - Dale W Porter
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Michael E Andrew
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Fedan
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Robert R Mercer
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Yong Qian
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
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18
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Lankone RS, Challis K, Pourzahedi L, Durkin DP, Bi Y, Wang Y, Garland MA, Brown F, Hristovski K, Tanguay RL, Westerhoff P, Lowry G, Gilbertson LM, Ranville J, Fairbrother DH. Copper release and transformation following natural weathering of nano-enabled pressure-treated lumber. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:234-244. [PMID: 30852200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available lumber, pressure-treated with micronized copper azole (MCA), has largely replaced other inorganic biocides for residential wood treatment in the USA, yet little is known about how different outdoor environmental conditions impact the release of ionic, nano-scale, or larger (micron-scale) copper from this product. Therefore, we weathered pressure treated lumber for 18 months in five different climates across the continental United States. Copper release was quantified every month and local weather conditions were recorded continuously to determine the extent to which local climate regulated the release of copper from this nano-enabled product during its use phase. Two distinct release trends were observed: In cooler, wetter climates release occurred primarily during the first few months of weathering, as the result of copper leaching from surface/near-surface areas. In warmer, drier climates, less copper was initially released due to limited precipitation. However, as the wood dried and cracked, the exposed copper-bearing surface area increased, leading to increased copper release later in the product lifetime. Single-particle-ICP-MS results from laboratory prepared MCA-wood leachate solutions indicated that a) the predominant form of released copper passed through a filter smaller than 0.45 micrometers and b) released particles were largely resistant to dissolution over the course of 6 wks. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) testing was conducted on nonweathered and weathered MCA-wood samples to simulate landfill conditions during their end-of-life (EoL) phase and revealed that MCA wood released <10% of initially embedded copper. Findings from this study provide data necessary to complete a more comprehensive evaluation of the environmental and human health impacts introduced through release of copper from pressure treated lumber utilizing life cycle assessment (LCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Lankone
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Katie Challis
- Colorado School of Mines, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Leila Pourzahedi
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - David P Durkin
- United States Naval Academy, Department of Chemistry, Annapolis, MD 21402, United States of America
| | - Yuqiang Bi
- Arizona State University, School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States of America
| | - Yan Wang
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Michael A Garland
- Oregon State University, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America
| | - Frank Brown
- Arizona State University, The Polytechnic School, Ira. A Fulton Schools of Engineering, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States of America
| | - Kiril Hristovski
- Arizona State University, The Polytechnic School, Ira. A Fulton Schools of Engineering, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States of America
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Oregon State University, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- Arizona State University, School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States of America
| | - Greg Lowry
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Leanne M Gilbertson
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - James Ranville
- Colorado School of Mines, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - D Howard Fairbrother
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America.
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19
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Papadopoulos AN, Bikiaris DN, Mitropoulos AC, Kyzas GZ. Nanomaterials and Chemical Modifications for Enhanced Key Wood Properties: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E607. [PMID: 31013808 PMCID: PMC6523757 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This work briefly reviews the research milestones in the area of wood chemical modification, focusing on acetylated and furfurylated wood which have been scaled up, and exploits the solutions that nanotechnology can offer to wood protection as an alternative green innovative approach in improving key wood properties, namely the dimensional stability when subjected to a fluctuating moisture content and a susceptibility to biodegradability by microorganisms. Recently, nanomaterials were found to be able applicable in wood science. The target is to improve some special physicochemical characteristics of wood in order to resist extreme conditions (climate, bacteria, etc.), giving an enhanced potentiality. It is well-established that the wood cell wall shows a porosity of molecular scale dimensions; this is caused by the partial filling of spaces between the microfibrils of the cellulose mainly by polyoses and lignin. The small-sized nanoparticles can deeply and effectively penetrate into the wood, altering its surface chemistry, improving its properties, and therefore, resulting in a hyper-performance product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios N Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, GR-661 00 Drama, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Athanasios C Mitropoulos
- Hephaestus Advanced Laboratory, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, GR-654 04 Kavala, Greece.
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Hephaestus Advanced Laboratory, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, GR-654 04 Kavala, Greece.
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20
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Zikeli F, Vinciguerra V, D'Annibale A, Capitani D, Romagnoli M, Scarascia Mugnozza G. Preparation of Lignin Nanoparticles from Wood Waste for Wood Surface Treatment. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020281. [PMID: 30781574 PMCID: PMC6409744 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignin was isolated from wood wastes comprising Iroko sawdust (IR) and mixed sawdust from Iroko and Norway spruce (IRNS), furnished by a local wood houses producer. The respective acidolysis lignin fractions were structurally characterized using pyrolysis (Py)-GCMS, two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (2D HSQC NMR), Fourier-transform infrared FTIR and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopies, size exclusion chromatography, and standard wet-chemistry methods for Klason lignin and polysaccharides determination. The isolated lignin fractions were subsequently used for the preparation of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) using a non-solvent method. LNPs were then used for wood surface treatment using a dip-coating technique. The coated wood samples were analyzed by colorimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after artificial weathering experiments in a UV chamber to investigate the UV protection potential of the LNPs coatings. Wood samples dip-coated with LNPs showed promising surface modifications resembling a sort of film of fused LNPs. Coatings made from IR-LNPs and IRNS-LNPs performed significantly better in artificial weathering experiments than uncoated reference samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zikeli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Vinciguerra
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Alessandro D'Annibale
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory "Annalaura Segre" Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IMC-CNR), Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy.
| | - Manuela Romagnoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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21
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Parks AN, Cantwell MG, Katz DR, Cashman MA, Luxton TP, Clar JG, Perron MM, Portis L, Ho KT, Burgess RM. Assessing the release of copper from nanocopper-treated and conventional copper-treated lumber into marine waters II: Forms and bioavailability. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1969-1979. [PMID: 29575127 PMCID: PMC6038930 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
One application of nanocopper is as a wood-preserving pesticide in pressure-treated lumber. Recent research has shown that pressure-treated lumber amended with micronized copper azole (MCA), which contains nanosized copper, releases copper under estuarine and marine conditions. The form of copper released (i.e., ionic, nanocopper [1-100 nm in size]) is not fully understood but will affect the bioavailability and toxicity of the metal. In the present study, multiple lines of evidence, including size fractionation, ion-selective electrode electrochemistry, comparative toxicity, and copper speciation were used to determine the form of copper released from lumber blocks and sawdust. The results of all lines of evidence supported the hypothesis that ionic copper was released from MCA lumber and sawdust, with little evidence that nanocopper was released. For example, copper concentrations in size fractionations of lumber block aqueous leachates including unfiltered, 0.1 μm, and 3 kDa were not significantly different, suggesting that the form of copper released was in the size range operationally defined as dissolved. These results correlated with the ion-selective electrode data which detects only ionic copper. In addition, comparative toxicity testing resulted in a narrow range of median lethal concentrations (221-257 μg/L) for MCA lumber blocks and CuSO4 . We conclude that ionic copper was released from the nanocopper pressure-treated lumber under estuarine and marine conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1969-1979. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Parks
- National Research Council c/o U.S. EPA, ORD/NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Mark G Cantwell
- U.S. EPA, ORD/NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - David R Katz
- U.S. EPA, ORD/NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Michaela A Cashman
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Geosciences, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Todd P Luxton
- U.S. EPA, ORD/NRMRL, Land and Materials Management Division, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Justin G Clar
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education c/o U.S. EPA, ORD/NRMRL/LMMD, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Monique M Perron
- US EPA, OCSPP, Office of Pesticides Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lisa Portis
- Lifespan Ambulatory Care Center, East Greenwich, RI USA
| | - Kay T Ho
- U.S. EPA, ORD/NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Robert M Burgess
- U.S. EPA, ORD/NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
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22
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Hristozov D, Pizzol L, Basei G, Zabeo A, Mackevica A, Hansen SF, Gosens I, Cassee FR, de Jong W, Koivisto AJ, Neubauer N, Sanchez Jimenez A, Semenzin E, Subramanian V, Fransman W, Jensen KA, Wohlleben W, Stone V, Marcomini A. Quantitative human health risk assessment along the lifecycle of nano-scale copper-based wood preservatives. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:747-765. [PMID: 29893192 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1472314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of nano-scale copper oxide (CuO) and basic copper carbonate (Cu2(OH)2CO3) in both ionic and micronized wood preservatives has raised concerns about the potential of these substances to cause adverse humans health effects. To address these concerns, we performed quantitative (probabilistic) human health risk assessment (HHRA) along the lifecycles of these formulations used in antibacterial and antifungal wood coatings and impregnations by means of the EU FP7 SUN project's Decision Support System (SUNDS, www.sunds.gd). The results from the risk analysis revealed inhalation risks from CuO in exposure scenarios involving workers handling dry powders and performing sanding operations as well as potential ingestion risks for children exposed to nano Cu2(OH)2CO3 in a scenario involving hand-to-mouth transfer of the substance released from impregnated wood. There are, however, substantial uncertainties in these results, so some of the identified risks may stem from the safety margin of extrapolation to fill data gaps and might be resolved by additional testing. Our stochastic approach successfully communicated the contribution of different sources of uncertainty in the risk assessment. The main source of uncertainty was the extrapolation from short to long-term exposure, which was necessary due to the lack of (sub)chronic in vivo studies with CuO and Cu2(OH)2CO3. Considerable uncertainties also stemmed from the use of default inter- and intra-species extrapolation factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danail Hristozov
- a Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics , University Ca' Foscari , Venice , Italy.,b Greendecision Srl , Venice , Italy
| | - Lisa Pizzol
- a Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics , University Ca' Foscari , Venice , Italy.,b Greendecision Srl , Venice , Italy
| | - Gianpietro Basei
- a Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics , University Ca' Foscari , Venice , Italy
| | - Alex Zabeo
- a Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics , University Ca' Foscari , Venice , Italy.,b Greendecision Srl , Venice , Italy
| | - Aiga Mackevica
- c Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- c Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Ilse Gosens
- d National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- d National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , Netherlands.,e Institute of Risk Assessment Studies , Utrecht University , Netherlands
| | - Wim de Jong
- d National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Elena Semenzin
- a Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics , University Ca' Foscari , Venice , Italy
| | - Vrishali Subramanian
- a Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics , University Ca' Foscari , Venice , Italy
| | - Wouter Fransman
- i Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO , Zeist , Netherlands
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- f National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- f National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g BASF SE , Ludwigshafen , Germany
| | - Vicki Stone
- j School of Life Sciences, Nanosafety Research Group , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- a Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics , University Ca' Foscari , Venice , Italy
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Sisler JD, Qi C, McKinney W, Shaffer J, Andrew M, Lee T, Thomas T, Castranova V, Mercer RR, Qian Y. Physical chemical properties and cell toxicity of sanding copper-treated lumber. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2018; 15:311-321. [PMID: 29300681 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2018.1424339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To protect against decay and fungal invasion into the wood, the micronized copper, copper carbonate particles, has been applied in the wood treatment in recent years; however, there is little information on the health risk associated with sanding micronized copper-treated lumber. In this study, wood dust from the sanding of micronized copper azole-treated lumber (MCA) was compared to sanding dust from solubilized copper azole-treated wood (CA-C) and untreated yellow pine (UYP). The test found that sanding MCA released a much higher concentration of nanoparticles than sanding CA-C and UYP, and the particles between about 0.4-2 µm from sanding MCA had the highest percentage of copper. The percentage of copper in the airborne dust from sanding CA-C had a weak dependency on particle size and was lower than that from sanding MCA. Nanoparticles were seen in the MCA PM2.5 particles, while none were detected in the UYP or CA-C. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis found that the bulk lumber for MCA and CA-C had relatively equal copper content; however, the PM2.5 particles from sanding the MCA had a higher copper concentration when compared to the PM2.5 particles from sanding UYP or CA-C. The cellular toxicity assays show that exposure of RAW 264.7 macrophages (RAW) to MCA and CA-C wood dust suspensions did not induce cellular toxicity even at the concentration of 200 µg PM2.5 wood dust/mL. Since the copper from the treated wood dust can leach into the wood dust supernatant, the supernatants of MCA, CA-C and UYP wood dusts were subjected to the cellular toxicity assays. The data showed that at the higher concentrations of copper (≥5 µg/ml), both MCA and CA-C supernatants induced cellular toxicity. This study suggests that sanding MCA-treated lumber releases copper nanoparticles and both the MCA and CA-C-treated lumber can release copper, which are potentially related to the observed in vitro toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Sisler
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Health Effects Laboratory Division , Morgantown , West Virginia
| | - Chaolong Qi
- b National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research & Technology , Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch , Cincinnati , Ohio
| | - Walter McKinney
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Health Effects Laboratory Division , Morgantown , West Virginia
| | - Justine Shaffer
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Health Effects Laboratory Division , Morgantown , West Virginia
| | - Michael Andrew
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Health Effects Laboratory Division , Morgantown , West Virginia
| | - Taekhee Lee
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Health Effects Laboratory Division , Morgantown , West Virginia
| | - Treye Thomas
- c U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission , Rockville , Maryland
| | - Vincent Castranova
- d School of Pharmacy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia
| | - Robert R Mercer
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Health Effects Laboratory Division , Morgantown , West Virginia
| | - Yong Qian
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Health Effects Laboratory Division , Morgantown , West Virginia
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Pantano D, Neubauer N, Navratilova J, Scifo L, Civardi C, Stone V, von der Kammer F, Müller P, Sobrido MS, Angeletti B, Rose J, Wohlleben W. Transformations of Nanoenabled Copper Formulations Govern Release, Antifungal Effectiveness, and Sustainability throughout the Wood Protection Lifecycle. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1128-1138. [PMID: 29373787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we compare the standard European benchmark of wood treatment by molecularly dissolved copper amine (Cu-amine), also referred to as aqueous copper amine (ACA), against two nanoenabled formulations: copper(II)oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in an acrylic paint to concentrate Cu as a barrier on the wood surface, and a suspension of micronized basic copper carbonate (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2) for wood pressure treatment. After characterizing the properties of the (nano)materials and their formulations, we assessed their effects in vitro against three fungal species: Coniophora puteana, Gloeophyllum trabeum, and Trametes versicolor, finding them to be mediated only partially by ionic transformation. To assess the use phase, we quantify both release rate and form. Cu leaching rates for the two types of impregnated wood (conventional and nanoenabled) are not significantly different at 172 ± 6 mg/m2, with Cu being released predominantly in ionic form. Various simulations of outdoor aging with release sampling by runoff, during condensation, by different levels of mechanical shear, all resulted in comparable form and rate of release from the nanoenabled or the molecular impregnated woods. Because of dissolving transformations, the nanoenabled impregnation does not introduce additional concern over and above that associated with the traditional impregnation. In contrast, Cu released from wood coated with the CuO acrylate contained particles, but the rate was at least 100-fold lower. In the same ranking, the effectiveness to protect against the wood-decaying basidiomycete Coniophora puteana was significant with both impregnation technologies but remained insignificant for untreated wood and wood coated by the acrylic CuO. Accordingly, a lifecycle-based sustainability analysis indicates that the CuO acrylic coating is less sustainable than the technological alternatives, and should not be developed into a commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pantano
- Nano Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Neubauer
- Material Physics, RAA/OR and RAA/OS, BASF SE , Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jana Navratilova
- Deepartment of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorette Scifo
- CNRS-IRD-Collège de France - INRA, CEREGE Marseille University , 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Chiara Civardi
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- ETH, Institute for Building Materials , 8049 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nano Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Frank von der Kammer
- Deepartment of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Müller
- Material Physics, RAA/OR and RAA/OS, BASF SE , Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marcos Sanles Sobrido
- CNRS-IRD-Collège de France - INRA, CEREGE Marseille University , 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Bernard Angeletti
- CNRS-IRD-Collège de France - INRA, CEREGE Marseille University , 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jerome Rose
- CNRS-IRD-Collège de France - INRA, CEREGE Marseille University , 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Material Physics, RAA/OR and RAA/OS, BASF SE , Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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25
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Muna M, Heinlaan M, Blinova I, Vija H, Kahru A. Evaluation of the effect of test medium on total Cu body burden of nano CuO-exposed Daphnia magna: A TXRF spectroscopy study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1488-1496. [PMID: 28967571 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of Cu and Cu-based nanoparticles (NPs) to aquatic biota is usually mitigated in natural freshwater compared to organics-free artificial freshwater. The main aim of this study was to evaluate whether mitigated toxicity is accompanied by lower total copper body burden in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna and whether CuO NPs are more hazardous in this aspect than soluble Cu salts. Total copper body burden in different media (OECD202 artificial freshwater and two natural freshwaters) was measured by a relatively novel technique - total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy - which proved suitable for the analysis of individual juvenile daphnids. Mean copper body burden was 2.8-42 times higher in daphnids exposed to CuO NPs (0.05 mg Cu/L and 1 mg Cu/L) than in daphnids exposed to equal or equitoxic concentrations (0.025 mg Cu/L and 0.05 mg Cu/L) of CuSO4. Using natural freshwater instead of artificial one resulted in increased copper burden after exposure to CuO NPs but not after exposure to Cu salt. After 24 h post-exposure depuration in the presence of algae Raphidocelis subcapitata, total copper body burden in daphnids exposed to CuO NPs sharply decreased while in daphnids exposed to Cu salt it did not. Despite the CuO NP toxicity mitigating effect of natural freshwater, total copper body burden of aquatic crustaceans in natural waterbodies may be greater than could be predicted based on the results obtained using artificial freshwater as the test medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marge Muna
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Margit Heinlaan
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Irina Blinova
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Heiki Vija
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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26
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Ribera J, Gandía M, Marcos JF, Bas MDC, Fink S, Schwarze FWMR. Effect of Trichoderma-enriched organic charcoal in the integrated wood protection strategy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183004. [PMID: 28797118 PMCID: PMC5552308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gradual elimination of chromium from wood preservative formulations results in higher Cu leaching and increased susceptibility to wood decay fungi. Finding a sustainable strategy in wood protection has become of great interest among researchers. The objective of these in vitro studies was to demonstrate the effect of T-720-enriched organic charcoal (biochar) against five wood decay basidiomycetes isolated from strongly damaged poles. For this purpose, the antagonistic potential of Trichoderma harzianum (strain T-720) was confirmed among other four Trichoderma spp. against five brown-rot basidiomycetes in dual culture tests. T-720 was genetically transformed and tagged with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in order to study its antagonistic mechanism against wood decay basidiomycetes. It was also demonstrated that T-720 inhibits the oxalic acid production by basidiomycetes, a well-known mechanism used by brown-rot fungi to detoxify Cu from impregnated wood. Additionally, this study evaluated the effect of biochar, alone or in combination with T-720, on Cu leaching by different preservatives, pH stabilization and prevention of wood decay caused by five basidiomycetes. Addition of biochar resulted in a significant Cu binding released from impregnated wood specimens. T-720-enriched biochar showed a significant reduction of wood decay caused by four basidiomycetes. The addition of T-720-enriched biochar to the soil into which utility poles are placed may improve the efficiency of Cr-free wood preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ribera
- Department of Applied Wood Materials, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Professur für Forstbotanik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Mónica Gandía
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna, Spain
| | - Jose F. Marcos
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna, Spain
| | - Maria del Carmen Bas
- Department of Applied Statistics and Operational Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Siegfried Fink
- Professur für Forstbotanik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Francis W. M. R. Schwarze
- Department of Applied Wood Materials, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Professur für Forstbotanik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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27
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Kovačec E, Regvar M, van Elteren JT, Arčon I, Papp T, Makovec D, Vogel-Mikuš K. Biotransformation of copper oxide nanoparticles by the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:178-185. [PMID: 28407547 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Two plant pathogenic fungi, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata, isolated from crop plants, were exposed to Cu in ionic (Cu2+), microparticulate (MP, CuO) or nanoparticulate (NP, Cu or CuO) form, in solid and liquid culturing media in order to test fungal response and toxic effects of the mentioned compounds for the potential use as fungicides. B. cinerea has shown pronounced growth and lower levels of lipid peroxidation compared to A. alternata. Its higher resistance/tolerance is attributed mainly to biotransformation of CuO and Cu NPs and CuO MPs into a blue compound at the fungal/culturing media interface, recognized by Cu K-edge EXAFS analysis as Cu-oxalate complex. The pronounced activity of catechol-type siderophores and organic acid secretion in B. cinerea induce leaching and mobilization of Cu ions from the particles and their further complexation with extracellularly secreted oxalic acid. The ability of pathogenic fungus to biotransform CuO MPs and NPs hampers their use as fungicides. However the results show that B. cinerea has a potential to be used in degradation of Cu(O) nanoparticles in environment, copper extraction and purification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kovačec
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjana Regvar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Iztok Arčon
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, Nova Gorica, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamás Papp
- MTA-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, 6726 Szeged, Kozep fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Darko Makovec
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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28
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Ribera J, Fink S, Bas MDC, Schwarze FWMR. Integrated control of wood destroying basidiomycetes combining Cu-based wood preservatives and Trichoderma spp. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174335. [PMID: 28379978 PMCID: PMC5381793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of new generation of wood preservatives (without addition of a co-biocide) in combination with an exchange of wood poles on identical sites with high fungal inoculum, has resulted in an increase of premature failures of wood utility poles in the last decades. Wood destroying basidiomycetes inhabiting sites where poles have been installed, have developed resistance against wood preservatives. The objective of the in vitro studies was to identify a Trichoderma spp. with a highly antagonistic potential against wood destroying basidiomycetes that is capable of colonizing Cu-rich environments. For this purpose, the activity of five Trichoderma spp. on Cu-rich medium was evaluated according to its growth and sporulation rates. The influence of the selected Trichoderma spp. on wood colonization and degradation by five wood destroying basidiomycetes was quantitatively analyzed by means of dry weight loss of wood specimens. Furthermore, the preventative effect of the selected Trichoderma spp. in combination with four Cu-based preservatives was also examined by mass loss and histological changes in the wood specimens. Trichoderma harzianum (T-720) was considered the biocontrol agent with higher antagonistic potential to colonize Cu-rich environments (up to 0.1% CuSO4 amended medium). T. harzianum demonstrated significant preventative effect on wood specimens against four wood destroying basidiomycetes. The combined effect of T. harzianum and Cu-based wood preservatives demonstrated that after 9 months incubation with two wood destroying basidiomycetes, wood specimens treated with 3.8 kg m-3 copper-chromium had weight losses between 55-65%, whereas containers previously treated with T. harzianum had significantly lower weight losses (0-25%). Histological studies on one of the wood destroying basidiomycetes revealed typical decomposition of wood cells by brown-rot fungi in Cu-impregnated samples, that were notably absent in wood specimens previously exposed to T. harzianum. It is concluded that carefully selected Trichoderma isolates can be used for integrated wood protection against a range of wood destroying basidiomycetes and may have potential for integrated wood protection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ribera
- Applied Wood Materials, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Professur für Forstbotanik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Siegfried Fink
- Professur für Forstbotanik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Maria del Carmen Bas
- Applied Statistics and Operational Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Francis W. M. R. Schwarze
- Applied Wood Materials, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Professur für Forstbotanik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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29
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The changing face of nanomaterials: Risk assessment challenges along the value chain. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 84:105-115. [PMID: 27998719 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Risk assessment (RA) of manufactured nanomaterials (MNM) is essential for regulatory purposes and risk management activities. Similar to RA of "classical" chemicals, MNM RA requires knowledge about exposure as well as of hazard potential and dose response relationships. What makes MNM RA especially challenging is the multitude of materials (which is expected to increase substantially in the future), the complexity of MNM value chains and life cycles, the accompanying possible changes in material properties over time and in contact with various environmental and organismal milieus, and the difficulties to obtain proper exposure data and to consider the proper dose metric. This article discusses these challenges and also critically overviews the current state of the art regarding MNM RA approaches.
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30
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Platten WE, Sylvest N, Warren C, Arambewela M, Harmon S, Bradham K, Rogers K, Thomas T, Luxton TP. Estimating dermal transfer of copper particles from the surfaces of pressure-treated lumber and implications for exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 548-549:441-449. [PMID: 26826852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lumber pressure-treated with micronized copper was examined for the release of copper and copper micro/nanoparticles using a surface wipe method to simulate dermal transfer. In 2003, the wood industry began replacing CCA treated lumber products for residential use with copper based formulations. Micronized copper (nano to micron sized particles) has become the preferred treatment formulation. There is a lack of information on the release of copper, the fate of the particles during dermal contact, and the copper exposure level to children from hand-to-mouth transfer. For the current study, three treated lumber products, two micronized copper and one ionic copper, were purchased from commercial retailers. The boards were left to weather outdoors for approximately 1year. Over the year time period, hand wipe samples were collected periodically to determine copper transfer from the wood surfaces. The two micronized formulations and the ionic formulation released similar levels of total copper. The amount of copper released was high initially, but decreased to a constant level (~1.5mgm(-2)) after the first month of outdoor exposure. Copper particles were identified on the sampling cloths during the first two months of the experiment, after which the levels of copper were insufficient to collect interpretable data. After 1month, the particles exhibited minimal changes in shape and size. At the end of 2-months, significant deterioration of the particles was evident. Based on the wipe sample data, a playground visit may result in a potential exposure to 2.58mg of copper, which is near or exceeds the daily tolerable upper intake limits for children under the age of 8, if completely ingested through hand-to-mouth transfer. While nanoparticles were found, there is not enough information to estimate the exposure from the released particles due to a lack of published literature on copper carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Platten
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., 46 E. Hollister St., Cincinnati, OH 45219, United States
| | - Nicholas Sylvest
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., 46 E. Hollister St., Cincinnati, OH 45219, United States
| | - Casey Warren
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., 46 E. Hollister St., Cincinnati, OH 45219, United States
| | | | - Steve Harmon
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Karen Bradham
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Kim Rogers
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Treye Thomas
- Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway Suite 600, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Todd Peter Luxton
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
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31
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Geers C, Rodríguez-Lorenzo L, Placencia Peña MI, Brodard P, Volkmer T, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Petri-Fink A. Distribution of Silica-Coated Silver/Gold Nanostars in Soft- and Hardwood Applying SERS-Based Imaging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:274-83. [PMID: 26651531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous suspension have just begun to be exploited for the preservative treatment of wood. However, at present, there is very little information available on the distribution of NPs in wood after impregnation, due to associated analytical challenges. In this study, we present the detection of model NPs in softwood and hardwood by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SERS is a highly sensitive analytical method requiring no fluorescent labeling. The NP distribution after impregnation is evaluated with one representative species of the two wood types. To show the feasibility of the method, we prepared SERS-active Au/Ag nanostars coated with silica to act as a model NP system. We show herein that NPs can be imaged in very low quantities in both wood types without any matrix interactions. The presence of the NPs in the wood was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The fast detection of NPs in a complex matrix, without complicated sample preparation, marks a huge step forward in the development and application of nanotechnology for wood preservation and the quest to optimize the properties of one of the world's most important raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Geers
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - L Rodríguez-Lorenzo
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M I Placencia Peña
- Architecture, Wood and Civil Engineering, Bern University of Applied Sciences , Solothurnstrasse 102, 2500 Biel, Switzerland
| | - P Brodard
- HES-SO Haute école d'ingénierie et d'architecture , Pérolles 80, 1705 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - T Volkmer
- Architecture, Wood and Civil Engineering, Bern University of Applied Sciences , Solothurnstrasse 102, 2500 Biel, Switzerland
| | - B Rothen-Rutishauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - A Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg , Chemin de Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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32
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Civardi C, Schubert M, Fey A, Wick P, Schwarze FWMR. Micronized Copper Wood Preservatives: Efficacy of Ion, Nano, and Bulk Copper against the Brown Rot Fungus Rhodonia placenta. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142578. [PMID: 26554706 PMCID: PMC4640524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently introduced micronized copper (MC) formulations, consisting of a nanosized fraction of basic copper (Cu) carbonate (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2) nanoparticles (NPs), were introduced to the market for wood protection. Cu NPs may presumably be more effective against wood-destroying fungi than bulk or ionic Cu compounds. In particular, Cu- tolerant wood-destroying fungi may not recognize NPs, which may penetrate into fungal cell walls and membranes and exert their impact. The objective of this study was to assess if MC wood preservative formulations have a superior efficacy against Cu-tolerant wood-destroying fungi due to nano effects than conventional Cu biocides. After screening a range of wood-destroying fungi for their resistance to Cu, we investigated fungal growth of the Cu-tolerant fungus Rhodonia placenta in solid and liquid media and on wood treated with MC azole (MCA). In liquid cultures we evaluated the fungal response to ion, nano and bulk Cu distinguishing the ionic and particle effects by means of the Cu2+ chelator ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) and measuring fungal biomass, oxalic acid production and laccase activity of R. placenta. Our results do not support the presence of particular nano effects of MCA against R. placenta that would account for an increased antifungal efficacy, but provide evidence that attribute the main effectiveness of MCA to azoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Civardi
- Empa, Applied Wood Materials, Dübendorf, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- ETH, Institute for Building Materials, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark Schubert
- Empa, Applied Wood Materials, Dübendorf, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Fey
- Empa, Applied Wood Materials, Dübendorf, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa, Particles- Biology Interactions, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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