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Sanches ALM, da Silva Pinto TJ, Daam MA, Teresa FB, Vieira BH, Reghini MV, de Almeida EA, Espíndola ELG. Isolated and mixed effects of pure and formulated abamectin and difenoconazole on biochemical biomarkers of the gills of Danio rerio. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:106978. [PMID: 38870676 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are released into the environment daily, and their effects on nontarget species in aquatic ecosystems have been widely reported. To evaluate the adverse effects caused in adults of Danio rerio species exposed to the pesticides abamectin, difenoconazole, and their commercial formulations (Kraft 36EC® and Score 250EC®), both isolated and in mixtures, biochemical biomarkers were analyzed in the gills of organisms exposed to sublethal concentrations. To this end, the activities of the enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), lipid hydroperoxide (LH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), which are indicative of oxidative stress, were measured after 48 h of exposure to the different pesticide treatments. The results showed a significant increase in EROD activity and MDA levels in the gills of fish exposed to the commercial formulation of abamectin. When the fish were exposed to difenoconazole and its commercial formulation, an increase in GST, GPx, and MDA levels and a decrease in GR activity were observed in the gills. Furthermore, the responses of the biomarkers were more pronounced in organisms exposed to mixtures of both active ingredients and commercial formulations. It is concluded that the commercial formulations Kraft 36EC® and Score 250EC® and their mixtures cause significant alterations in the detoxification metabolism of exposed organisms and induce oxidative stress in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Letícia Madeira Sanches
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Resources, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Registro, São Paulo, Brazil; NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, School of Engineering of São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Institute of Chemistry, Campinas, Rua Josué de Castro, s/n - Cidade Universitária, 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, School of Engineering of São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil; CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fabrício Barreto Teresa
- UEG State University of Goiás, Unit of Exact and Technological Sciences (UnUCET), Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Bruna Horvath Vieira
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, School of Engineering of São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marina Vanderlei Reghini
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, School of Engineering of São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- Department of Natural Science, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, School of Engineering of São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
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2
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Pamanji R, Ragothaman P, Koigoora S, Sivan G, Selvin J. Network analysis of toxic endpoints of fungicides in zebrafish. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae087. [PMID: 38845614 PMCID: PMC11150978 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish being the best animal model to study, every attempt has been made to decipher the toxic mechanism of every fungicide of usage and interest. It is important to understand the multiple targets of a toxicant to estimate the toxic potential in its totality. A total of 22 fungicides of different classes like amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, carboxin, chlorothalonil, difenoconazole, etridiazole, flusilazole, fluxapyroxad, hexaconazole, kresoxim methyl, mancozeb, myclobutanil, prochloraz, propiconazole, propineb, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, trifloxystrobin and ziram were reviewed and analyzed for their multiple explored targets in zebrafish. Toxic end points in zebrafish are highly informative when it comes to network analysis. They provide a window into the molecular and cellular pathways that are affected by a certain toxin. This can then be used to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and to draw conclusions on the potential of a particular compound to induce toxicity. This knowledge can then be used to inform decisions about drug development, environmental regulation, and other areas of research. In addition, the use of zebrafish toxic end points can also be used to better understand the effects of environmental pollutants on ecosystems. By understanding the pathways affected by a given toxin, researchers can determine how pollutants may interact with the environment and how this could lead to health or environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Pamanji
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Prathiviraj Ragothaman
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Srikanth Koigoora
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur -Tenali Rd, Vadlamudi 522213, AP, India
| | - Gisha Sivan
- Division of Medical Research, SRM SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
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Mu X, Liu Z, Zhao X, Yuan L, Li Y, Wang C, Xiao G, Mu J, Qiu J, Qian Y. Bisphenol A Analogues Induce Neuroendocrine Disruption via Gut-Brain Regulation in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1022-1035. [PMID: 38165294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
There is epidemiological evidence in humans that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) is tied to abnormal neuroendocrine function with both behavioral and intestinal symptoms. However, the underlying mechanism of this effect, particularly the role of gut-brain regulation, is poorly understood. We exposed zebrafish embryos to a concentration series (including environmentally relevant levels) of BPA and its analogues. The analogue bisphenol G (BPG) yielded the strongest behavioral impact on zebrafish larvae and inhibited the largest number of neurotransmitters, with an effective concentration of 0.5 μg/L, followed by bisphenol AF (BPAF) and BPA. In neurod1:EGFP transgenic zebrafish, BPG and BPAF inhibited the distribution of enteroendocrine cells (EECs), which is associated with decreased neurotransmitters level and behavioral activity. Immune staining of ace-α-tubulin suggested that BPAF inhibited vagal neural development at 50 and 500 μg/L. Single-cell RNA-Seq demonstrated that BPG disrupted the neuroendocrine system by inducing inflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells via TNFα-trypsin-EEC signaling. BPAF exposure activated apoptosis and inhibited neural developmental pathways in vagal neurons, consistent with immunofluorescence imaging studies. These findings show that both BPG and BPAF affect the neuroendocrine system through the gut-brain axis but by different mechanisms, revealing new insights into the modes of bisphenol-mediated neuroendocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Mu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zaiteng Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lilai Yuan
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 214081, China
| | - Yingren Li
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 214081, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guohua Xiao
- Hebei Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
- Hebei Marine Living Resources and Environment Key Laboratory, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jiandong Mu
- Hebei Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
- Hebei Marine Living Resources and Environment Key Laboratory, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Marghany F, Ayobahan SU, Salinas G, Schäfers C, Hollert H, Eilebrecht S. Transcriptomic and proteomic fingerprints induced by the fungicides difenoconazole and metalaxyl in zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104348. [PMID: 38135202 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we applied OMICs analysis to identify substance-specific biomarker candidates, which may act as early indicators for specific ecotoxic modes of actions (MoA). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to two sublethal concentrations of difenoconazole and metalaxyl according to a modified protocol of the OECD test guideline No. 236. At the end of exposure, total RNA and protein were extracted, followed by transcriptomics and proteomics analysis. The analysis of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) revealed a positive exposure-response correlation in all test concentrations for both fungicides. Similarly, also a positive correlation between the obtained transcriptome and proteome data was observed, highlighting the robustness of our approach. From the detected DEGs, candidate biomarkers specific for difenoconazole (apoa1b, gatm, mylpfb and acta1b) and metalaxyl (lgals2b, abat, fabp1b.1 and myh9a) were selected, and their biological functions were discussed to assess the predictive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Marghany
- Department Ecotoxicogenomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Steve U Ayobahan
- Department Ecotoxicogenomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Services for Integrative Genomics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Department Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Department Environmental Media Related Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eilebrecht
- Department Ecotoxicogenomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany.
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Martin-Folgar R, Sabroso C, Cañas-Portilla AI, Torres-Ruíz M, González-Caballero MC, Dorado H, Velasco I, Morales M. DNA damage and molecular level effects induced by polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics (NPs) after Chironomus riparius (Diptera) larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140552. [PMID: 37914044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we analyzed the early molecular effects of polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics (NPs) on an aquatic primary consumer (larvae of Chironomus riparius, Diptera) to evaluate their potential DNA damage and the transcriptional response of different genes related to cellular and oxidative stress, endocrine response, developmental, oxygen transport, and immune response. After 24-h exposures of larvae to doses of PS NPs close to those currently found in the environment, the results revealed a large genotoxic effect. This end was evidenced after significant increases in DNA strand breaks of C. riparius larvae quantified by the comet assay, together with results obtained when analyzing the expression of four genes involved in DNA repair (xrrc1, ATM, DECAY and NLK) and which were reduced in the presence of these nanomaterials. Consequently, this reduction trend is likely to prevent the repair of DNA damage caused by PS NPs. In addition, the same tendency to reduce the expression of genes involved in cellular stress, oxidative stress, ecdysone pathway, development, and oxygen transport was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that PS NPs reduce the expression of hormonal target genes and a developmental gene. We show, for the first time, effects of PS NPs on the endocrine system of C. riparius and suggest a possible mechanism of blocking ecdysteroid hormones in insects. Moreover, the NPs were able to inhibit the expression of hemoglobin (Hb C), a protein involved in oxygen transport, and activate a gene of the humoral immune system. These data reveal for the first time the genomic effects of PS NPs in the aquatic invertebrate C. riparius, at the base of the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martin-Folgar
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Avda. Esparta s/n Las Rozas, (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Celia Sabroso
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Avda. Esparta s/n Las Rozas, (Madrid), Spain
| | - Ana I Cañas-Portilla
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mónica Torres-Ruíz
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mª Carmen González-Caballero
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, (Madrid), Spain
| | - Helena Dorado
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Avda. Esparta s/n Las Rozas, (Madrid), Spain
| | - Ignacio Velasco
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Avda. Esparta s/n Las Rozas, (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mónica Morales
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Avda. Esparta s/n Las Rozas, (Madrid), Spain.
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6
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Lu J, Zhang C, Xu W, Chen W, Tao L, Li Z, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Developmental toxicity and estrogenicity of glyphosate in zebrafish in vivo and in silico studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140275. [PMID: 37758082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
As the most heavily used herbicide globally, glyphosate (GLY) has been detected in a variety of environments and has raised concerns about its ecological and health effects. There is debate as to whether GLY may disrupt the endocrine system. Here, we investigated the developmental toxicity of GLY in zebrafish based on deep learning-enabled morphometric analysis (DLMA). In addition, the estrogenic activity of GLY was assessed by endocrine disruption prediction, docking study and in vivo experiments. Results showed that exposure to environmental concentrations of GLY negatively impacted zebrafish development, causing yolk edema and pericardial edema. Endocrine disruption prediction suggested that GLY may target estrogen receptors (ER). Molecular docking analysis revealed binding of GLY to three zebrafish ER. In vivo zebrafish experiment, GLY enhanced the protein levels of ERα and the mRNA levels of cyp19a, HSD17b1, vtg1, vtg2, esr1, esr2a and esr2b. These results suggest that GLY may act as an endocrine disruptor by targeting ER, which warrants further attention for its potential toxicity to aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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7
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Reis CG, Bastos LM, Chitolina R, Gallas-Lopes M, Zanona QK, Becker SZ, Herrmann AP, Piato A. Neurobehavioral effects of fungicides in zebrafish: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18142. [PMID: 37875532 PMCID: PMC10598008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in global agriculture to achieve high productivity levels. Among them, fungicides are specifically designed to inhibit fungal growth in crops and seeds. However, their application often results in environmental contamination, as these chemicals can persistently be detected in surface waters. This poses a potential threat to non-target organisms, including humans, that inhabit the affected ecosystems. In toxicologic research, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is the most commonly used fish species to assess the potential effects of fungicide exposure, and numerous and sometimes conflicting findings have been reported. To address this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on the neurobehavioral effects of fungicides in zebrafish. Our search encompassed three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science), and the screening process followed predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. We extracted qualitative and quantitative data, as well as assessed reporting quality, from 60 included studies. Meta-analyses were performed for the outcomes of distance traveled in larvae and adults and spontaneous movements in embryos. The results revealed a significant overall effect of fungicide exposure on distance, with a lower distance traveled in the exposed versus control group. No significant effect was observed for spontaneous movements. The overall heterogeneity was high for distance and moderate for spontaneous movements. The poor reporting practices in the field hindered a critical evaluation of the studies. Nevertheless, a sensitivity analysis did not identify any studies skewing the meta-analyses. This review underscores the necessity for better-designed and reported experiments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Bastos
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Chitolina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Gallas-Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative in Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (BRISA) Collaboration, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Querusche K Zanona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia e Neuroquímica da Excitabilidade Neuronal e Plasticidade Sináptica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sofia Z Becker
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Herrmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative in Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (BRISA) Collaboration, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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8
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Wu X, Han H, Xie K, He N, Yang Z, Jin X, Ma S, Dong J. Difenoconazole disrupts carp intestinal physical barrier and causes inflammatory response via triggering oxidative stress and apoptosis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105507. [PMID: 37532360 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
As a common fungicide, difenoconazole (DFZ) is widespread in the natural environment and poses many potential threats. Carp makes up a significant proportion of China's freshwater aquaculture population and are vulnerable to the DFZ. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of DFZ (0.488 mg/L and 1.953 mg/L) exposure for 4 d on the intestinal tissues of carp and explored the mechanisms. Specifically, DFZ exposure caused pathological damage to the intestinal tissues of carp, reducing the expression levels of intestinal tight junction proteins, and leading to damage to the intestinal barrier. In addition, DFZ exposure activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, increasing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and decreasing the levels of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10, TGF-β1). As disruption of the intestinal barrier is closely linked to oxidative stress and apoptosis, we have conducted research in both areas for this reason. The results showed that DFZ exposure elevated reactive oxygen species in carp intestines, decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, and suppressed the expression of oxidative stress-related genes. TUNEL results showed that DFZ induced the onset of apoptosis. In addition, the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes and proteins were examined. Western blotting results showed that DFZ could upregulate the protein expression levels of Bax, Cytochrome C and downregulate the protein levels of Bcl-2. qPCR results showed that DFZ could upregulate the transcript levels of Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 and downregulate the transcript levels of Bcl-2 transcript levels. This suggests that DFZ can induce apoptosis of mitochondrial pathway in carp intestine. In conclusion, DFZ can induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in carp intestine, leading to the destruction of intestinal physical barrier and the occurrence of inflammation. Our data support the idea that oxidative stress and apoptosis are important triggers of pesticide-induced inflammatory bowel illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hairui Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Kunmei Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Nana He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zuwang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiaohui Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shaojie Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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9
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Chen H, Chen J, Wu Y, Xie W, Jin L. A study on the mechanism of Indium phosphide/zinc sulfide core/shell quantum dots influencing embryo incubation of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106593. [PMID: 37327537 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) inhibit fish hatching, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the effect of Indium phosphide/zinc sulfide quantum dots (InP/ZnS QDs) on the embryo incubation of rare minnow was investigated. Five experimental concentration groups were set up according to the preliminary experimental results, which were 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 nM. A direct exposure method was adopted to expose embryos to InP/ZnS QDs solution. The results showed that InP/ZnS QDs significantly inhibited the embryo hatching rate, delayed embryo emergence, affected the expression of genes associated with hatching gland cells and hatching enzymes. InP/ZnS QDs also destroy the structure of the embryo chorion. In addition, QDs can cause oxidative stress in embryos. Transcriptional sequencing analysis showed that InP/ZnS QDs InP/ZnS QDs may have induced the production of a hypoxic environment and triggered induce abnormal cardiac muscle contraction, inflammatory response and apoptosis process in embryos. In conclusion, QDs influences embryo hatchability largely through egg chorion mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yingyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Li Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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10
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Chang Y, Fu H, Yu H, Mao L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Yang J, Liu X, Jiang H. Developmental defects and potential mechanisms in F1 generation of parents exposed to difenoconazole at different life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163529. [PMID: 37068689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As a typical triazole fungicide, difenoconazole is extensively used to control plant diseases; however, its residue in environmental waters poses a risk to aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the acute toxicity of different life stages and sub-lethal toxicity in embryonic yolk sac stage of difenoconazole to zebrafish, and the developmental toxicity in F1 generation of parents exposed to difenoconazole at different life stages of zebrafish. Furthermore, we used transcriptomics to explore the potential mechanisms of difenoconazole on the F1 larvae of parents exposed to the chemical at the embryonic stage. The results of this study showed that developmental defects were observed in the F1 embryo/larvae of parents exposed to 3, 30, and 300 μg/L of difenoconazole at different (embryo, larval, juvenile, and adult) life stages, and exposure to difenoconazole at the embryonic stage caused more severe developmental toxicity than those at other life stages. Developmental defects (malformation, inhibition of heartbeat and body length) were observed in the F1 embryos and larvae of parents exposed to difenoconazole at the embryonic stage. In addition, the total cholesterol and triglyceride contents were significantly reduced in the F1 larvae, and RNA-seq analysis revealed significant alterations in the expression of nine genes (msmo1, hsd17b7, sc5d, tm7sf2, ebp, cyp2r1, lss, cyp51, and cyp27b1) in the steroid synthesis pathway. This is suggested that F1 larvae of parents exposed to difenoconazole at the embryonic stage show abnormalities in the steroid biosynthetic pathway. These results reveal the differences in toxicity of difenoconazole to zebrafish at different life stages, improve studies on difenoconazole toxicity to zebrafish, and provide a new perspective for assessing the risk of contaminants to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Yang Q, Deng P, Xing D, Liu H, Shi F, Hu L, Zou X, Nie H, Zuo J, Zhuang Z, Pan M, Chen J, Li G. Developmental Neurotoxicity of Difenoconazole in Zebrafish Embryos. TOXICS 2023; 11:353. [PMID: 37112580 PMCID: PMC10142703 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole is a type of triazole fungicide that is widely used in the treatment of plant diseases. Triazole fungicides have been shown in several studies to impair the development of the nervous system in zebrafish embryos. There is still little known about difenoconazole-induced neurotoxicity in fish. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/L of difenoconazole solution until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). The difenoconazole-exposed groups showed concentration-dependent inhibitory tendencies in heart rate and body length. Malformation rate and spontaneous movement of zebrafish embryos increased, and the locomotor activity decreased in the highest exposure group. The content of dopamine and acetylcholine was reduced significantly in difenoconazole treatment groups. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was also increased after treatment with difenoconazole. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in neurodevelopment was remarkably altered, which corresponded with the alterations of neurotransmitter content and AChE activity. These results indicated that difenoconazole might affect the development of the nervous system through influencing neurotransmitter levels, enzyme activity, and the expression of neural-related genes, ultimately leading to abnormal locomotor activity in the early stages of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Dadu River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610016, China
| | - Haoling Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Shi
- Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lian Hu
- Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xi Zou
- Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hongyan Nie
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junli Zuo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zimeng Zhuang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meiqi Pan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Changsha Xinjia Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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12
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Lu Y, Zheng X, He X, Guo J, Fu Q, Xu H, Lu Z. Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on growth, biochemical and molecular parameters in two chironomids, Chironomus kiiensis and Chironomus javanus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114658. [PMID: 36796207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues have serious environmental impacts on rice-based ecosystems. In rice fields, Chironomus kiiensis and Chironomus javanus provide alternative food sources to predatory natural enemies of rice insect pests, especially when pests are low. Chlorantraniliprole is a substitute for older classes of insecticides and has been used extensively to control rice pests. To determine the ecological risks of chlorantraniliprole in rice fields, we evaluated its toxic effects on certain growth, biochemical and molecular parameters in these two chironomids. The toxicity tests were performed by exposing third-instar larvae to a range of concentrations of chlorantraniliprole. LC50 values at 24 h, 48 h, and 10 days showed that chlorantraniliprole was more toxic to C. javanus than to C. kiiensis. Chlorantraniliprole significantly prolonged the larval growth duration, inhibited pupation and emergence, and decreased egg numbers of C. kiiensis and C. javanus at sublethal dosages (LC10 = 1.50 mg/L and LC25 = 3.00 mg/L for C. kiiensis; LC10 = 0.25 mg/L and LC25 = 0.50 mg/L for C. javanus). Sublethal exposure to chlorantraniliprole significantly decreased the activity of the detoxification enzymes carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in both C. kiiensis and C. javanus. Sublethal exposure to chlorantraniliprole also markedly inhibited the activity of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase (POD) in C. kiiensis and POD and catalase (CAT) in C. javanus. Expression levels of 12 genes revealed that detoxification and antioxidant abilities were affected by sublethal exposures to chlorantraniliprole. There were significant changes in the expression levels of seven genes (CarE6, CYP9AU1, CYP6FV2, GSTo1, GSTs1, GSTd2, and POD) in C. kiiensis and ten genes (CarE6, CYP9AU1, CYP6FV2, GSTo1, GSTs1, GSTd2, GSTu1, GSTu2, CAT, and POD) in C. javanus. These results provide a comprehensive overview of the differences in chlorantraniliprole toxicity to chironomids, indicating that C. javanus is more susceptible and suitable as an indicator for ecological risk assessment in rice ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Xusong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Xiaochan He
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321000, PR China
| | - Jiawen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Qiming Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
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13
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Zhu R, Liu C, Wang J, Zou L, Yang F, Chi X, Zhu J. Nano-TiO 2 aggravates bioaccumulation and developmental neurotoxicity of difenoconazole in zebrafish larvae via oxidative stress and apoptosis: Protective role of vitamin C. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114554. [PMID: 36682185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2) could enhance the bioavailability and toxicity of coexisting organic contaminants in the aquatic environment. This study attempted to investigate the combined effects of n-TiO2 and difenoconazole (DIF) on the neurodevelopment of zebrafish and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to n-TiO2 (100 μg/L), DIF (0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L) and their mixtures from 4 to 96 h post fertilization (hpf) and neurotoxicity was evaluated. Our results indicated that n-TiO2 adsorbed DIF into the brain of zebrafish and significantly enhanced the bioaccumulation of DIF and n-TiO2 in the 0.5 mg/L co-exposure group. 100 μg/L n-TiO2 was not developmentally toxic to the zebrafish larvae, but it exacerbated DIF-induced neurobehavioral alterations in the zebrafish larvae. n-TiO2 also aggravated DIF-induced suppression of central nervous system (CNS) neurogenesis in Tg (HuC:egfp) zebrafish, motor neuron axon length in Tg (hb9:egfp) zebrafish, and downregulation of neurodevelopmental genes (elavl3, ngn1, gap43, gfap and mbp). In addition, DIF elevated oxidative stress by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, and triggered apoptosis by upregulation of p53, bax, bcl-2 and caspase-3, which were markedly intensified in the presence of n-TiO2. Moreover, vitamin C (VC) ameliorated n-TiO2/DIF-induced abnormal locomotor behaviors and neurotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis, indicating that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in n-TiO2/DIF-induced neurotoxicity. Taken together, our data indicated that n-TiO2 enhanced the accumulation of DIF and heightened oxidative stress and apoptosis, thereby inducing neurotoxicity. This study exemplifies the importance of the toxicity assessment of chemical mixtures and novel insights to mitigate their combined toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Nantong Third Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China
| | - Li Zou
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226011, PR China.
| | - Xia Chi
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China.
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China.
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14
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Nataraj B, Hemalatha D, Malafaia G, Maharajan K, Ramesh M. "Fishcide" effect of the fungicide difenoconazole in freshwater fish (Labeo rohita): A multi-endpoint approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159425. [PMID: 36244480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole is widely used to protect crops, fruits, and vegetables. However, this fungicide can enter aquatic environments and cause harmful effects to non-target organisms and induce little-known biological disorders. Thus, aiming to expand our knowledge about the ecotoxicity of difenoconazole on freshwater ichthyofauna, we aimed to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of difenoconazole and evaluate its possible impacts from different toxicity biomarkers, using freshwater fish Labeo rohita as a model system. Using the probit analysis method, the 96 h LC50 value of difenoconazole in the fish was calculated as 4.5 mg L-1. Posteriorly, fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.45 mg L-1 1/10th and 0.9 mg L-1 1/5th LC50 value) for 21 days. A significant reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity was noted in the gill, liver, and kidneys of fish compared to the control groups. The level of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity was higher in all vital tissues of difenoconazole-treated fish. Histological alterations in the gill include epithelial lifting, lamellar fusion, hypertrophy, and epithelial necrosis. At the same time, the liver showed pyknotic nucleus, vacuolation, cellular edema and tubular necrosis, shrinkage of glomeruli, vacuolation, and pyknotic nuclei in the kidney. DNA damage was increased significantly with tail formation based on the concentration and time-dependent manner. Therefore, our study confirms that the exposure of L. rohita to difenoconazole induces negative biological consequences and sheds light on the danger of this fungicide for freshwater fish species. We believe that studies like ours can support actions and strategies for the remediation/mitigation of aquatic pollution by difenoconazole and for the conservation of freshwater ichthyofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Nataraj
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Devan Hemalatha
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; Department of Zoology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641014, India
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Kannan Maharajan
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
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15
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Ren B, Liang H, Li L, Li Y, Liang H, Zhao T, Chen H, Zhao Y. Enantioselective toxic effects of the novel chiral antifungal agrochemical penthiopyrad in the early life stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110252. [PMID: 36347316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Penthiopyrad was extensively applied in agricultural production, however, the toxicities information of the penthiopyrad enantiomers on early life stages of aquatic organism were limited. This study investigated the enantioselective toxicity of penthiopyrad on the early life stage of zebrafish by acute toxicity, sublethal toxic effects and the mRNA relative expression levels of genes related to succinate dehydrogenase, cardiac development, and lipid metabolism. The results showed that the 96-h-LC50 of penthiopyrad racemate and enantiomers to zebrafish embryos were Rac-: 2.784 mg/L; R-(-)-: 3.528 mg/L; S-(+)-: 1.882 mg/L. Penthiopyrad exposure induced autonomous movement abnormalities, slowed heart rate and delayed hatching in zebrafish embryos, and caused developmental toxic effects such as pericardial edema and yolk sac edema. The mRNA relative expression levels results showed that penthiopyrad exposure induced significant enantioselectivity effect for the expression of the Sdha, Pr1 and Nkx2.5 with a 1.94-4.98-fold difference between different enantiomers, and significantly affected succinate dehydrogenase (energy metabolism), lipid metabolism and cardiac development-related genes expression. In general, S-(+)-penthiopyrad induced higher toxic effects in zebrafish embryos, and mitochondrial dysfunction may be an important cause of abnormal development. This study contributed to improve the comprehensive risk assessment and enantiomeric research system of penthiopyrad to early life stage of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Environmental Testing Center of Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Li Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - YanHong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hanlin Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Haiyue Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yuexing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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16
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Wu X, Xu B, Chen H, Qiang J, Feng H, Li X, Chu M, Pan E, Dong J. Crosstalk of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy under reactive oxygen stress involved in difenoconazole-induced kidney damage in carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108508. [PMID: 36581253 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole is a commonly used triazole fungicide in agricultural production. Because of its slow degradation and easy accumulation in the environment, it seriously endangers both animal health and the ecological environment. Therefore, it is hoped that the effects on carp kidneys can be studied by simulating difenoconazole residues in the environment. The experiment was designed with two doses (0.488 mg/L, 1.953 mg/L) as exposure concentrations of difenoconazole for 4 d. Histopathological results showed that difenoconazole could cause severe damage to the kidney structure and extensive inflammatory cell infiltration in carp. Elevated levels of Creatinine, and BUN suggested the development of kidney damage. The DHE fluorescence probe's result suggested that difenoconazole might cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) to accumulate in the kidney of carp. Difenoconazole was found to increase MDA levels while decreasing the activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-PX, according to biochemical indicators. In addition, difenoconazole could up-regulate the transcription levels of inflammatory factors tnf-α, il-6, il-1β, and inos. At the same time, it inhibited the transcription level of il-10 and tgf-β1. The TUNEL test clearly showed that difenoconazole induced apoptosis in the kidney and vastly raised the transcript levels of apoptosis-related genes p53, caspase9, caspase3, and bax while inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2, fas, capsase8. Additionally, TEM imaging showed that clearly autophagic lysosomes and autophagosomes were formed. Elevated levels of LC3II protein expression, increased transcript levels of the autophagy-related gene atg5 as well as decreased transcript levels of p62 represented the generation of autophagy. In conclusion, the study illustrated that oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy all played roles in difenoconazole-induced kidney injury in carp, which was closely linked to ROS production. This work provides a valuable reference for studying the toxicity of difenoconazole to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Baoshi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Huizhen Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Jingchao Qiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Huimiao Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Mingyi Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Enzhuang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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17
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Rao C, Cao X, Li L, Zhou J, Sun D, Li B, Guo S, Yuan R, Cui H, Chen J. Bisphenol AF induces multiple behavioral and biochemical changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) at different life stages. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106345. [PMID: 36351319 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As common environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), bisphenol AF (BPAF) raises potential concerns for aquatic organisms due to its widespread presence and continued release in the aquatic environment. This research aimed to use zebrafish embryos and adult fish to explore the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (5 μg/L), 50 μg/L and 500 μg/L of BPAF on zebrafish embryonic development, behavioral alterations, and the potential mechanisms driving these effects. The results showed that 500 μg/L of BPAF severely affected the growth and development of embryos. In behavioral experiments, all concentrations of BPAF significantly inhibited the locomotor activity of larvae, 50 and 500 μg/L BPAF significantly altered the anxiety-like and aggressive behavior of adult zebrafish. Furthermore, environmentally relevant concentrations and higher concentrations of BPAF induced varying degrees of oxidative stress in both embryonic and adult fish. The most significant histopathological changes and decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were observed in the brain at 50 and 500 μg/L of BPAF. We hypothesized that oxidative stress is an important cause of behavioral disturbances in larvae and adult fish. To our best knowledge, the present experiment is a pioneer in studying the effects of BPAF on a variety of complex behaviors (swimming performance, anxiety-like, social behavior, aggression) in zebrafish, which emphasizes the potential health risk of higher concentrations of BPAF in terms of induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Rao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Jiameng Zhou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Dandan Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Baohua Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Suqi Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Rongjie Yuan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Han Cui
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
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18
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Pitombeira de Figueirêdo L, Athayde DB, Pinto TJDS, Daam MA, Guerra GDS, Duarte-Neto PJ, Espíndola ELG. Influence of temperature on the toxicity of the elutriate from a pesticide contaminated soil to two cladoceran species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:956-966. [PMID: 35672617 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brazil has become one of the largest consumers of pesticides in the world. However, there are still few studies evaluating pesticide toxicity integrating local aquatic and terrestrial environments. In addition, there is growing concern about the influence of temperature conditions related with climate change on contaminants toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the elutriate toxicity of the insecticide Kraft® 36 EC (a.i. abamectin), the fungicide Score® 250 EC (a.i. difenoconazole) and their mixture to the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis, using model ecosystems (mesocosms). To this end, mesocosms were filled with natural soil and subjected to the following treatments: Control (Milli-Q water), Kraft (10.8 g abamectin ha-1), Score (20 g difenoconazole ha-1), and Kraft + Score (10.8 g abamectin ha-1 + 20 g difenoconazole ha-1). The experiment lasted 18 days, and the applications were made on days 1, 8, and 15; the occurrence of rainfall was simulated on days 1, 8, and 15 after applications and only rainfall simulation on days 4, 11, and 18. The experiment was conducted under two different temperatures: 23 °C and 33 °C. At 23 °C, single Kraft treatment and in combination with Score showed high toxicity to both cladocerans. At 33 °C, elutriate of the Kraft® and mixture treatments were highly toxic to D. similis but not to C. silvestrii. The results indicate that while Kraft had higher toxicity than Score to both cladocerans, this toxicity was counteracted at 33 °C only for the exotic species, D. similis. The results portray the complexity of pesticide toxicity when considering realistic experimental settings including different organisms and temperature treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Pitombeira de Figueirêdo
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Danillo B Athayde
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Glauce da Silva Guerra
- PPGBEA, Department of Statistics and Informatics, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171900, Recife, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Duarte-Neto
- PPGBEA, Department of Statistics and Informatics, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171900, Recife, Brazil
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
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Jiang J, Zhang C, Wang L, Wang X, He H, Wu S, Zhao X. Insights into the combined effects of environmental concentration of difenoconazole and tebuconazole on zebrafish early life stage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154687. [PMID: 35314214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Limited literature had focused on the combined effect of triazole fungicides on aquatic organisms at environmental concentrations. In this research, difenoconazole (DIF) and tebuconazole (TEB) mixture exhibited additive effect on the acute toxicity to zebrafish embryos. The transcriptomics and metabolomics demonstrated DIF and TEB mixtures at aquatic life benchmark and environmental concentration simultaneously influenced the lipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism, but showed diverse response patterns mediating the combined effects on zebrafish embryos after 120 h exposure. The DIF and TEB mixture at aquatic life benchmark caused combined effect on yolk sac resorption and metabolites, was less than the additive effect of individual DIF and TEB. It was found environmental concentration of DIF and TEB caused much lower levels of IFN and IL6, induced higher levels of PGE2, l-kynurenine and formylanthranilate in zebrafish larvae, and their binary mixture caused synergistic effect on the accumulation of metabolites in metabolic pathways, which might cause more negative effect and risk on growth in zebrafish later life stages. Results further demonstrated that adding arachidonic acid (AA) increased the transcripts of Pla2, Ptgs1, Cyp19a and Cxcl8b, allayed the accumulation of PLA2 and 17β-E2, and induced more PGF2α, IFN and IL6 levels in zebrafish larvae, indicated AA metabolism might play important regulatory roles on hormone synthesis and immune response caused by DIF and TEB mixtures. Current results indicated the risk assessment of mixtures based on single concentration may not precisely estimate the environmental risk and health effect, it is crucially important to consider the multi-concentration combinations, and more attention should be paid to the environmental concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongmei He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Li Y, Ren B, Zhao T, Chen H, Zhao Y, Liang H, Liang H. Enantioselective toxic effects of mefentrifluconazole in the early life stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1662-1674. [PMID: 35297557 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The research on the enantioselective toxic effects of chiral pesticides on non-target aquatic organisms has attracted more and more attention. This study investigated the enantioselective toxic effects of mefentrifluconazole (MFZ) on acute toxicity, developmental toxicity, locomotor behaviors, and the mRNA relative expression levels of genes related to neurodevelopment and cardiac development in zebrafish embryos or larvae. The 96-h lethal concentration 50 (LC50 ) values (exposed to racemate and enantiomers of MFZ, that is, rac-MFZ/(-)-MFZ/(+)-MFZ) were 1.010, 1.552, and 0.753 mg/L for embryo, and 0.753, 1.187, and 0.553 mg/L for larvae. The rac-MFZ/(-)-MFZ/(+)-MFZ can affect the heart development of zebrafish embryos, accompanied by heart rate inhibition, yolk sac deformities, pericardial deformities, and down-regulation of genes related to cardiotoxicity in larvae in an enantioselective manner. Moreover, the rac-MFZ/(-)-MFZ/(+)-MFZ also can affect the neural development of zebrafish embryos, accompanied by autonomic movement inhibition, swimming speed and swimming distance abnormalities, and down-regulation of genes related to neurotoxicity in larvae in an enantioselective manner. For all toxicity endpoints, the effect of the (+)-MFZ to early-staged zebrafish were significantly greater than that of (-)-MFZ. These results will help distinguishing the difference of MFZ enantiomers to zebrafish, and provide scientific reference for improving the risk assessment of chiral pesticides MFZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haiyue Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuexing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hanlin Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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21
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Peel Diffusion and Antifungal Efficacy of Different Fungicides in Pear Fruit: Structure-Diffusion-Activity Relationships. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050547. [PMID: 35628802 PMCID: PMC9144380 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens can invade not only the fruit peel but also the outer part of the fruit mesocarp, limiting the efficacy of fungicides. In this study, the relationships between fungicide structure, diffusion capacity and in vivo efficacy were evaluated for the first time. The diffusion capacity from pear peel to mesocarp of 11 antifungal compounds, including p-aminobenzoic acid, carbendazim, difenoconazole, dipicolinic acid, flusilazole, gentamicin, kojic acid, prochloraz, quinolinic acid, thiophanate methyl and thiram was screened. The obtained results indicated that size and especially polarity were negatively correlated with the diffusion capacity. Although some antifungal compounds, such as prochloraz and carbendazim, were completely degraded after a few days in peel and mesocarp, other compounds, such as p-aminobenzoic acid and kojic acid, showed high stability. When applying the antifungal compounds at the EC50 concentrations, it was observed that the compounds with high diffusion capacity showed higher in vivo antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata than compounds with low diffusion capacity. In contrast, there was no relationship between stability and in vivo efficacy. Collectively, the obtained results indicated that the diffusion capacity plays an important role in the efficacy of fungicides for the control of pear fruit diseases.
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22
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Huang T, Zhao Y, He J, Cheng H, Martyniuk CJ. Endocrine disruption by azole fungicides in fish: A review of the evidence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153412. [PMID: 35090921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Azole fungicides are widely used chemicals in agriculture and medicine. Their antifungal activity involves inhibition of steroid biosynthesis via inhibition of several cytochrome p450 enzymes. Evidence is accumulating in fish species to suggest azole fungicides perturb multiple hormone signaling pathways. The objective of this review was to comprehensively review data for azole-mediated impacts on the teleost endocrine system. We emphasize aspects of azole-induced endocrine disruption in several fish species, with special focus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG), hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Histopathological, physiological, and molecular data suggest azole fungicides at environmentally relevant concentrations and above are endocrine disruptors in fish. Endocrine disruption has been well documented for some azoles (e.g., difenconazole, fadrozole, ketoconazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon), but there are little data for others (e.g., cyproconazole, expoxiconazole, imidazole, metoconazole, nocodazole) in fish, revealing a knowledge gap in our understanding of azole toxicity. Based upon literature, computational analyses of transcriptome responses revealed progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, insulin signaling pathway, adrenergic signaling, and metabolism of angiotensinogen may be processes disrupted by azoles. However, hormonal regulation of the sympathetic nervous system and the cardiovascular system in response to azole exposure has yet to be investigated in fish. Recommendations for studies moving forward include focus on non-steroid endocrine pathways, mechanisms of neuroendocrine disruption, and transgenerational effects of azoles on fish. This critical review identifies knowledge gaps and future directions for environmental studies focused on the effects of azoles in aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Jia He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, USA.
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23
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Dornelas ASP, de Jesus Ferreira JS, Silva LCR, de Souza Saraiva A, Cavallini GS, Gravato CAS, da Maia Soares AMV, Almeida Sarmento R. The sexual reproduction of the nontarget planarian Girardia tigrina is affected by ecologically relevant concentrations of difenoconazole: new sensitive tools in ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27095-27103. [PMID: 34981389 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fungicide difenoconazole, widely used to reduce the negative impacts of fungi diseases on areas with intensive farming, can reach freshwater systems causing deleterious effects on nontarget organisms. The acute and chronic toxicity of a commercial formulation containing 250 g L-1 of difenoconazole (Prisma®) as the active ingredient was assessed in the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. The endpoints evaluated were feeding rate, locomotion, regeneration, and sexual reproduction of planarians. The estimated 48 h LC50 of the commercial formulation on planarians expressed as the concentration of the active ingredient difenoconazole was 47.5 mg a.i.L-1. A significant decrease of locomotion (LOEC = 18.56 mg a.i.L-1), delayed regeneration (LOEC = 9.28 mg a.i.L-1), and sexual reproduction impairment, i.e., decreased fecundity and fertility rates (LOEC ≤ 1.16 mg a.i.L-1) were observed on planarians exposed to sublethal concentrations of the formulation. This study demonstrated the importance of using reproductive, physiological, and behavioral parameters as more sensitive and complementary tools to assess the deleterious effects induced by a commercial formulation of difenoconazole on a nontarget freshwater organism. The added value and importance of our research work, namely, the impairment of sexual reproduction of planarians, contributes to the development of useful tools for ecotoxicology and highlights the fact that those tools should be developed as guidelines for testing of chemicals. Our results showed that the use of reproductive parameters of Girardia tigrina would help to complement and achieve a better assessment of the risk posed by triazole fungicides to freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silvestre Pereira Dornelas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Joel Santiago de Jesus Ferreira
- Curso de Engenharia de Bioprocessos E Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Laila Cristina Rezende Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Althiéris de Souza Saraiva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Campos Belos (Laboratório de Conservação de Agroecossistemas E Ecotoxicologia), Campos Belos, Goiás, 73840-000, Brazil
| | - Grasiele Soares Cavallini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Almeida Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
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Li R, Liu B, Xu W, Yu L, Zhang C, Cheng J, Tao L, Li Z, Zhang Y. DNA damage and cell apoptosis induced by fungicide difenoconazole in mouse mononuclear macrophage RAW264.7. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:650-659. [PMID: 34877763 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole (DFC) is a typical triazole fungicide. Because of its effective bactericidal activity, it has been widely used in agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables. This study revealed the cytotoxic effect of fungicide DFC on mouse monocyte macrophage RAW264.7. The results showed that the IC50 value of DFC on RAW264.7 cells was 37.08 μM (24 h). DFC can significantly inhibit the viability of RAW264.7 cells, induce DNA damage and enhance apoptosis. The established cytotoxicity test showed that DFC-induced DNA double strand breaks in RAW264.7 cells. DFC-treated cells showed typical morphological changes of apoptosis, including chromatin condensation and nuclear lysis. In addition, DFC can induce the release of Cyt c, promote the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in RAW264.7 cells. Through this research, people further understand the toxicity of DFC and provide a more scientific basis for its safety application and risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Qingpu District Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lvnan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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25
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Hamdi H, Ben Othmene Y, Khlifi A, Hallara E, Houas Z, Najjar MF, Abid-Essefi S. Subchronic exposure to Epoxiconazole induced-heart damage in male Wistar rats. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 182:105034. [PMID: 35249655 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole is a worldwide fungicide used to control fungal diseases. Although to its hazardous effects in non-target species, little information is available in the literature to show the cardiotoxic effects of EPX in male rats. Thus, our investigation aimed to assess the outcomes of EPX exposure on some biochemical parameters, the generation of oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation and histopathological alterations in the heart tissue. EPX was administered orally at doses of 8, 24, 40 and 56 mg/kg body weight, representing, respectively NOEL (No observed effect level), NOEL× 3, NOEL× 5 and NOEL× 7 for 28 consecutive days in male Wistar rats. Our results show that EPX induced a significant decrease of cardiac acetylcholinesterase, an increase of biochemical markers, such as creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) and a perturbation of the lipid profile. Furthermore, EPX caused diverse histological modifications in the myocardium, including congestion of cardiac blood vessels, cytoplasmic vacuolization, leucocytic infiltration and hemorrhage. Indeed, we have shown that EPX induces increase of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation levels and DNA damage. On the other hand, we have found an increase of the antioxidant enzymes activity such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S tranferase initially enhanced at the doses of 8, 24, and 40 mg/kg b.w. and then decreased at the dose of 56 mg/kg b.w. In conclusion, our work has shown that EPX causes cardiotoxic effects by altering redox status and damaging heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Ben Othmene
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aida Khlifi
- Research Laboratory "Bioressources: Integrative Biology & Valorisation, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Elhem Hallara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Fattouma Bourguiba University, Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Zohra Houas
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fadhel Najjar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Fattouma Bourguiba University, Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
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Huang T, Jiang H, Zhao Y, He J, Cheng H, Martyniuk CJ. A comprehensive review of 1,2,4-triazole fungicide toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio): A mitochondrial and metabolic perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151177. [PMID: 34699814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this critical review, we synthesize data from peer-reviewed literature reporting on triazole fungicide exposures in the zebrafish model. Based on their mode of action in plants (potent inhibitors of ergosterol synthesis), we focused attention on mechanisms related to cellular, lipid, and steroid metabolism. Evidence from several studies reveals that zebrafish exposed to triazoles present with impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress, as well as dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Such metabolic disruptions are expected to underscore developmental delays, deformity, and aberrant locomotor activity and behaviors often observed following exposure. We begin by summarizing physiological and behavioral effects observed with triazole fungicide exposure in zebrafish. We then discuss mechanisms that may underlie adverse apical effects, focusing on mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolism. Using computational approaches, we also identify novel biomarkers of triazole fungicide exposure. Extracting and analyzing data contained in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) revealed that transcriptional signatures responsive to different triazoles are related to metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, biological oxidations, and fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism among other processes. Pathway and sub-network analysis identified several transcripts that are responsive in organisms exposed to triazole fungicides, several of which include lipid-related genes. Knowledge gaps and recommendations for future investigations include; (1) targeted metabolomics for metabolites in glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain; (2) additional studies conducted at environmentally relevant concentrations to characterize the potential for endocrine disruption, given that studies point to altered cholesterol (precursor for steroid hormones), as well as altered estrogen receptor alpha and thyroid hormone expression; (3) studies into the potential role for lipid peroxidation and oxidation of lipid biomolecules as a mechanism of triazole-induced toxicity, given the strong evidence for oxidative damage in zebrafish following exposure to triazole fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Haibo Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Jia He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Qin Y, Wang X, Yan X, Zhu D, Wang J, Chen S, Wang S, Wen Y, Martyniuk CJ, Zhao Y. Developmental toxicity of fenbuconazole in zebrafish: effects on mitochondrial respiration and locomotor behavior. Toxicology 2022; 470:153137. [PMID: 35218879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides are used to control the disease of cereal crops but may also cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. There is a lack of toxicity data for some triazoles such as fenbuconazole in aquatic organisms. This research was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of fenbuconazole at environmentally relevant concentrations with attention on the mitochondria, antioxidant system, and locomotor activity in zebrafish. Zebrafish were exposed to one concentration of 5, 50, 200 or 500ng/L fenbuconazole for 96h. There was no effect on survival nor percentage of fish hatched, but exposure to 200 and 500ng/L fenbuconazole resulted in malformation and hypoactivity in zebrafish. Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of embryos were measured to determine if the fungicide impaired mitochondrial respiration. Exposure to 500ng/L fenbuconazole reduced basal OCR and oligomycin-induced ATP linked respiration in exposed fish. Fenbuconazole reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced the activities of mitochondrial Complex II and III. Transcript levels of both sdhc and cyc1, each related to Complex II and III, were also altered in expression by fenbuconazole exposure, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction in embryos. Fenbuconazole activated the antioxidant system, based upon both transcriptional and enzymatic data in zebrafish. Consistent with mitochondrial impairment, molecular docking confirmed a strong binding capacity of the fungicide at the Qi site of Complex III, revealing this complex is susceptible to fenbuconazole. This study reveals potential toxicity pathways related to fenbuconazole exposure in aquatic organisms; such data can improve risk assessments for triazole fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingju Qin
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Di Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P. R. China
| | - Siying Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, The Education Department of Jilin Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin 136000, PR China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences in Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P. R. China.
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Anti-Tumor Active Isopropylated Fused Azaisocytosine-Containing Congeners Are Safe for Developing Danio rerio as Well as Red Blood Cells and Activate Apoptotic Caspases in Human Breast Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041211. [PMID: 35209001 PMCID: PMC8876100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
New isopropylated fused azaisocytosine-containing congeners (I-VI) have previously been reported as promising anticancer drug candidates, so further research on these molecules in the preclinical development phase is fully justified and necessary. For this reason, in the present paper, we assess the toxicity/safety profiles of all the compounds using Danio rerio and red blood cell models, and examine the effect of the most selective congeners on the activation of apoptotic caspases in cancer and normal cells. In order to evaluate the effect of each molecule on the development of zebrafish embryos/larvae and to select the safest compounds for further study, various phenotypic parameters (i.e., mortality, hatchability, heart rate, heart oedema, yolk sac utilization, swim bladder development and body shape) were observed, and the half maximal lethal concentration, the maximal non-lethal concentration and no observed adverse effect concentration for each compound were established. The effect of all the isopropylated molecules was compared to that of an anticancer agent pemetrexed. The lipophilicity-dependent structure-toxicity correlations were also determined. To establish the possible interaction of the compounds with red blood cells, an ex vivo hemolysis test was performed. It was shown that almost all of the investigated isopropylated congeners have no adverse phenotypic effect on zebrafish development during five-day exposure at concentrations up to 50 μM (I-III) or up to 20 μM (IV-V), and that they are less toxic for embryos/larvae than pemetrexed, demonstrating their safety. At the same time, all the molecules did not adversely affect the red blood cells, which confirms their very good hemocompatibility. Moreover, they proved to be activators of apoptotic caspases, as they increased caspase-3, -7 and -9 levels in human breast carcinoma cells. The conducted research allows us to select-from among the anticancer active drug candidates-compounds that are safe for developing zebrafish and red blood cells, suitable for further in vivo pharmacological tests.
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Zhang H, Yang G, Bao Z, Jin Y, Wang J, Chen J, Qian M. Stereoselective effects of fungicide difenoconazole and its four stereoisomers on gut barrier, microbiota, and glucolipid metabolism in male mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150454. [PMID: 34818760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole is a commonly used triazole fungicide that consists of four stereoisomers [(2S,4S)-, (2S,4R)-, (2R,4R)-, and (2R,4S)-isomers] with different bioactivity. For example, the toxicity of the (2R,4S)-isomer to fish is approximately seven times higher than that of the (2S,4S)-isomer. However, the stereoselective toxic effects of difenoconazole stereoisomers on mammals have received little attention. In the present study, adult male mice were orally treated with a mixture of the four stereoisomers or each stereoisomer individually (0, 30, or 100 mg/kg/d) by gavage for 28 days. Pathological staining of the liver sections showed that the (2R,4R)-isomer caused lipid droplet accumulation. The mixture or each individual stereoisomers decreased the levels of amino acids and acyl-carnitine in serum. Moreover, the (2S,4R)-, (2R,4R)-, and (2R,4S)-isomers affected intestinal permeability, causing decreases in mucus secretion and tight junction protein expression in colon. Analysis of the gut microbiota composition showed that the stereoisomers caused decreases of OTU numbers and observed species at different levels. Interestingly, difenoconazole and its four stereoisomers reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level and some short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Taking the findings together, 2R-difenoconazole with strong bioactivity against pathogenic fungi also had significant effects in mammals, disrupting hepatic lipid metabolism, intestinal permeability, and gut microbiota. It is concluded that the health risks of the four difenoconazole stereoisomers to mammals should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhiwei Bao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312366, China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Zhang H, Qian M, Wang J, Yang G, Weng Y, Jin C, Li Y, Jin Y. Insights into the effects of difenoconazole on the livers in male mice at the biochemical and transcriptomic levels. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126933. [PMID: 34425431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole (DFZ) is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide, that is extensively used in agriculture. Studies have shown that residues of DFZ and other fungicides have toxic effects on nontarget organisms. However, its hepatoxicity in mammals remains unclear. Here, we characterized the toxic hepatic effects in male C57BL/6 mice exposed to 30 and 100 mg/kg bw DFZ for 14 and 56 days, respectively. The results revealed that DFZ could increase the relative liver weights, however, the relative fat and spleen weights decreased. More importantly, DFZ exposure changed the hepatic morphology and induced hepatic oxidative stress. Gene expression analysis suggested that DFZ could induce a glycolipid metabolism disorder. Moreover, hepatic transcriptomic analysis revealed the effects of DFZ exposure on the transcriptional levels of various genes, and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that energy metabolism and immune-associated pathways were mainly affected. We validated the results from transcriptomic analysis and found that some key genes related to energy metabolism were affected. In addition, flow cytometry showed that the CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+ /CD8+ levels declined in the spleen of mice. Taken together, these findings combined with transcriptome analysis highlighted that DFZ caused different endpoints in the liver, which could provide more evidence for investigating the toxic effects of DFZ in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - You Weng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Li Y, Liang H, Ren B, Zhao T, Chen H, Zhao Y, Liang H. Enantioselective toxic effects of mefentrifluconazole in the liver of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) based on transcription level and metabolomic profile. Toxicology 2022; 467:153095. [PMID: 34999168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mefentrifluconazole, a new type of chiral triazole fungicide, is widely applied to control a variety of fungal diseases in crops. However, the toxicological effects of mefentrifluconazole on aquatic organisms are unknown, especially at the enantiomer level. In the present study, zebrafish were selected as a typical model for mefentrifluconazole enantiomer exposure. Metabolomic and transcription analyses were performed with 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L mefentrifluconazole and its enantiomers (i.e., rac-mfz/(-)-mfz/(+)-mfz) at 28 days. The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics analysis showed that 9, 10 and 4 metabolites were changed significantly in the rac-mfz, (+)-mfz and (-)-mfz treatment groups compared with the control group, respectively. The differential metabolites were related to energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of lipid metabolism-, apoptosis- and CYP-related genes in the livers of female zebrafish in rac-mfz and (+)-mfz was 1.61-108.92 times and 2.37-551.34 times higher than that in (-)-mfz, respectively. The results above indicate that exposure to mefentrifluconazole induced enantioselective liver toxicity in zebrafish. Our study underlined the importance of distinguishing different enantiomers, which will contribute to environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Bo Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Haiyue Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yuexing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hanlin Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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Jablonski CA, Pereira TCB, Teodoro LDS, Altenhofen S, Rübensam G, Bonan CD, Bogo MR. Acute toxicity of methomyl commercial formulation induces morphological and behavioral changes in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 89:107058. [PMID: 34942342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of pesticides has continue grown over recent years, leading to several environmental and health concerns, such as the contamination of surface and groundwater resources and associated biota, potentially affecting populations that are not primary targets of these complex chemical mixtures. In this work, we investigate lethal and sublethal effects of acute exposure of methomyl commercial formulation in zebrafish embryo and larvae. Methomyl is a broad-spectrum carbamate insecticide and acaricide that acts primarily in acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChE). Methomyl formulation 96 h-LC50 was determined through the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test (FET) and resulted in 1.2 g/L ± 0.04. Sublethal 6-day exposure was performed in six methomyl formulation concentrations (0.5; 1.0; 2.2; 4.8; 10.6; 23.3 mg/L) to evaluate developmental, physiological, morphological, behavioral, biochemical, and molecular endpoints of zebrafish early-development. Methomyl affected embryo hatching and larva morphology and behavior, especially in higher concentrations; resulting in smaller body and eyes size, failure in swimming bladder inflation, hypolocomotor activity, and concentration-dependent reduction of AChE activity; demonstrating methomyl strong acute toxicity and neurotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Alexandre Jablonski
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Talita Carneiro Brandão Pereira
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Lilian De Souza Teodoro
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690, CEP: 90.610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neurochemistry and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Rübensam
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Toxicology and Pharmacology Research Center, School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690, CEP: 90.610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neurochemistry and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690, CEP: 90.610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Toxicology and Pharmacology Research Center, School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Bhagat J, Zang L, Nakayama H, Nishimura N, Shimada Y. Effects of nanoplastic on toxicity of azole fungicides (ketoconazole and fluconazole) in zebrafish embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149463. [PMID: 34399343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of nanoplastics (NPs) raises concerns about their interactions and combined toxicity with other common contaminants. Although azoles are present throughout the natural environment, their interactions with NP are not well known. We investigated the effects of polystyrene (PS) NP on the toxicity of ketoconazole (KCZ) and fluconazole (FCZ) in zebrafish embryos using the developmental toxicity, oxidative-stress-related biochemical parameters, and expression of genes related to neurotoxicity (ache), cardiotoxicity (gata4, bmp4), inflammation (il1b), oxidative stress (sod1, sod2, cyp1a), and apoptosis (bax, bcl2). Co-exposure to NP (1 mg/L) and KCZ/FCZ (1 mg/L) for 96 h reduced the hatching rate, survival rate, and heart rate and increased the malformation rate and catalase activity. The bax/bcl2 ratio, an apoptosis indicator, was higher after NP, KCZ, or FCZ treatment. However, the bax/bcl2 ratio after exposure to NP + KCZ or NP + FCZ was much higher than that after single exposure. Overall, the results indicated that NP aggravated the toxicity of azole by significantly increasing the reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and altering the expression of oxidative-stress- and apoptosis-related genes. The interactive toxicity of PS NP with KCZ/FCZ reported in this study emphasises the need for caution in the release of azole fungicides in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Bhagat
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakayama
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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34
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Fan R, Zhang W, Jia L, Li L, Zhao J, Zhao Z, Peng S, Chen Y, Yuan X. Combined Developmental Toxicity of the Pesticides Difenoconazole and Dimethomorph on Embryonic Zebrafish. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120854. [PMID: 34941692 PMCID: PMC8706556 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Difenoconazole (DIF) and dimethomorph (DIM) are widely used pesticides frequently detected together in environmental samples, so the deleterious effects of combined exposure warrant detailed examination. In this study, the individual and combined effects of DIM and DIF on conventional developmental parameters (hatching rate, deformity rate, lethality) and gene expression were measured in embryonic zebrafish. Both DIF and DIM interfered with normal zebrafish embryo development, and the most sensitive toxicity index for both was 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) deformity rate (BMDL10 values of 0.30 and 1.10 mg/L, respectively). The combination of DIF and DIM had mainly synergistic deleterious effects on 96 hpf deformity and mortality rates. Transcriptome analysis showed that these compounds markedly downregulated expression of mcm family genes, cdk1, and cdc20, thereby potentially disrupting DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Enhanced surveillance for this pesticide combination is recommended as simultaneous environmental exposure may be substantially more harmful than exposure to either compound alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Fan
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Li Jia
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Lizhong Li
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Jun Zhao
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Zengming Zhao
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Correspondence:
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Lieke T, Steinberg CEW, Bittmann S, Behrens S, Hoseinifar SH, Meinelt T, Knopf K, Kloas W. Fulvic acid accelerates hatching and stimulates antioxidative protection and the innate immune response in zebrafish larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148780. [PMID: 34280625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture plays a pivotal role in covering dietary animal protein demands and restocking endangered fish populations. However, high mortality takes place at the earliest life stages: prior and immediately after hatching. Improving growth and health parameters by immunostimulants is widely used in older fish, but rarely studied in larvae. Fulvic acids (FAs) are natural substances found in soil and water. Using zebrafish as a model organism, we evaluated the effects of exposure to a FA at concentrations ranging from 1 to 500 mg C/L (mg dissolved organic carbon per liter) on embryonic development. Furthermore, the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the larvae as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in growth, immune response, and antioxidative protection were determined at 5, 50, and 500 mg C/L. 20 to 200 mg C/L accelerated the hatching, which was mediated by increased expression of ifg-1, gh, and he1-α. Furthermore, lyz and mpx were significantly increased at 5 and 50 mg C/L. A concentration of 500 mg C/L induced genes involved in the protection against ROS (nrf-2, keap-1, cat, sod-1), increased the concentration of ROS inside the larvae and caused tissue damage and mortality. Interestingly, 50 mg C/L activated ROS protection as well (nrf-2, sod-2), while no increase of ROS was found in the larvae. Our results show, that FA at low to medium concentrations can increase the health of larvae, but becomes detrimental at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thora Lieke
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt University of Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian E W Steinberg
- Humboldt University of Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Sandra Bittmann
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Behrens
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Seyed H Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 49138-115739 Gorgan, Iran
| | - Thomas Meinelt
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Knopf
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt University of Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Kloas
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt University of Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Wang X, Ni H, Xu W, Wu B, Xie T, Zhang C, Cheng J, Li Z, Tao L, Zhang Y. Difenoconazole induces oxidative DNA damage and mitochondria mediated apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131160. [PMID: 34139443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole is one of the most typical triazole fungicides. Difenoconazole is widely used in the field of agricultural production, and its health and safety problems need to be further studied. The main purpose of this paper is to verify the neurotoxicity of Difenoconazole at the cellular level. In this study, SH-SY5Y cell line of human neuroblastoma was used to evaluate its potentially toxic effects and molecular mechanism in vitro. The research indicated that Difenoconazole could reduce cell viability and inhibit cell proliferation, induce DNA damage and accelerate programmed cell death. Further studies showed that Difenoconazole induced DNA double-strand breaks, intracellular generation of ROS, cleaved PARP, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, induced Cyt c release, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increase in SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, the cytotoxicity of Difenoconazole revealed its toxic effect on SH-SY5Y cells, and the IC50 value was 55.41 μM after 24 h exposure. Meanwhile, the genetic toxicity of Difenoconazole has revealed that it can induce DNA damage and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. Through this study, the toxic effects of Difenoconazole on SH-SY5Y cells are further understood, which provides a more scientific basis for its safe use and risk control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hongfei Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Te Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Tomazi R, Figueira ÂC, Ferreira AM, Ferreira DQ, de Souza GC, de Souza Pinheiro WB, Pinheiro Neto JR, da Silva GA, de Lima HB, da Silva Hage-Melim LI, Pereira ACM, Carvalho JCT, da Silva de Almeida SSM. Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Latex from Hancornia speciosa Gomes: A Study in Zebrafish and In Silico. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090856. [PMID: 34577555 PMCID: PMC8472165 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hancornia speciosa Gomes is a tree native to Brazil and has therapeutic potential for several diseases. Ethnopharmacological surveys have reported that the plant is used as a hypoglycemic agent and to lose weight. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract from H. speciosa latex (LxHs) in a zebrafish model of diabetes. The extract was evaluated through high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HTPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). We then tested treatments with LxHs (500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg) by assessing blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic animals, and metformin was used as a control. The toxicity was evaluated through histopathology of the pancreas and biochemical assessment of serum levels of AST, ALT, creatinine, and urea. The extract was also assessed for acute toxicity through several parameters in embryos and adult animals. Finally, we performed in silico analysis through the SEA server and docking using the software GOLD. The phytochemical study showed the compounds cornoside, dihydrocornoide, and 1-O-methyl-myoinositol (bornesitol). The treatment with all doses of LxHs significantly decreased alloxan-induced hyperglycemia without any significant histological or biochemical abnormalities. No significant frequency of teratogenesis was observed in the embryos exposed to the extract, and no significant behavioral changes or deaths were observed in adult animals. In silico, the results showed a potential interaction between inositol and enzymes involved in carbohydrates’ metabolism. Overall, the results show a hypoglycemic activity of the extract in vivo, with no apparent toxicity. The computational studies suggest this could be at least partially due to the presence of bornesitol, since inositols can interact with carbohydrates’ enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Tomazi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte (Ppg-Bionorte), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá (IFAP), Rodovia BR-210, km 03, S/n—Brasil Novo, Macapá 68909-398, AP, Brazil; (R.T.); (Â.C.F.)
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02—Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil; (A.M.F.); (D.Q.F.); (G.C.d.S.); (A.C.M.P.)
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia e Fitoquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02—Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil;
| | - Ângela Costa Figueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte (Ppg-Bionorte), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá (IFAP), Rodovia BR-210, km 03, S/n—Brasil Novo, Macapá 68909-398, AP, Brazil; (R.T.); (Â.C.F.)
| | - Adriana Maciel Ferreira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02—Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil; (A.M.F.); (D.Q.F.); (G.C.d.S.); (A.C.M.P.)
| | - Diego Quaresma Ferreira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02—Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil; (A.M.F.); (D.Q.F.); (G.C.d.S.); (A.C.M.P.)
| | - Gisele Custódio de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02—Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil; (A.M.F.); (D.Q.F.); (G.C.d.S.); (A.C.M.P.)
| | - Wandson Braamcamp de Souza Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Química Industrial, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua. Augusto Corrêa, Guamá, 01, Belém 66075-110, AP, Brazil; (W.B.d.S.P.); (J.R.P.N.); (G.A.d.S.)
| | - José Rodrigues Pinheiro Neto
- Laboratório de Química Industrial, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua. Augusto Corrêa, Guamá, 01, Belém 66075-110, AP, Brazil; (W.B.d.S.P.); (J.R.P.N.); (G.A.d.S.)
| | - Geilson Alcantara da Silva
- Laboratório de Química Industrial, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua. Augusto Corrêa, Guamá, 01, Belém 66075-110, AP, Brazil; (W.B.d.S.P.); (J.R.P.N.); (G.A.d.S.)
| | - Henrique Barros de Lima
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02—Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil; (H.B.d.L.); (L.I.d.S.H.-M.)
| | - Lorane Izabel da Silva Hage-Melim
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02—Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil; (H.B.d.L.); (L.I.d.S.H.-M.)
| | - Arlindo César Matias Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02—Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil; (A.M.F.); (D.Q.F.); (G.C.d.S.); (A.C.M.P.)
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02—Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil; (A.M.F.); (D.Q.F.); (G.C.d.S.); (A.C.M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva de Almeida
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia e Fitoquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02—Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil;
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Jia M, Teng M, Tian S, Yan J, Meng Z, Yan S, Li R, Zhou Z, Zhu W. Effects of penconazole enantiomers exposure on hormonal disruption in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43476-43482. [PMID: 33834344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PEN is a widely used triazole fungicide, usually used to control grape white rot. In the process of agricultural use, PEN will be scattered to the soil and water environment, which brings certain environmental safety risks. In this study, we used a 200-μg/L solution of Rac-PEN, (+)-PEN, and (-)-PEN to perform a 28-day exposure test on zebrafish. The results showed that long-term low-dose PEN exposure did not significantly change the growth factor K and the number of spawning of zebrafish. However, the content of four important hormones vitellogenin, 17β-estradiol, testosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone in zebrafish has changed significantly. Furthermore, we measured the expression of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads-liver (HPGL) axis-related genes, and the results showed that the expressions of related genes in the brain, gonads, and liver all changed significantly. Combining the above results, we can conclude that PEN has obvious endocrine disrupting effect on zebrafish, and has gender-specific endocrine effects. Meanwhile, Rac-PEN and (+)-PEN had stronger effects on the endocrine system of zebrafish than (-)-PEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sinuo Tian
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Weng Y, Huang Z, Wu A, Yu Q, Lu H, Lou Z, Lu L, Bao Z, Jin Y. Embryonic toxicity of epoxiconazole exposure to the early life stage of zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146407. [PMID: 34030390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole (EPX), as a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide, is widely used in agriculture to resist pests and diseases, while it may have potential toxicity to non-target organisms. In the present study, early developmental stage zebrafish were used as the subject organisms to assess the toxicity of EPX, and the possible mechanism of toxicity was also discussed by biochemical and transcriptomic analysis. Through embryo toxicity test, we had made it clear that the 96 h LC50 of embryo was 7.204 mg/L, and acute exposure to EPX effected hatching rate, heartbeats, body length and even morphological defects. Then, by being exposed to EPX for 7 days at concentrations of 175 (1/40 LC50), 350 (1/20 LC50) and 700 (1/10 LC50), biochemical parameters were affected, mainly manifested as increase of the triglyceride (TG) level and decrease of glucose content. Correspondingly, the transcription of genes related of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and cholesterol metabolism were also affected significantly in larval zebrafish. Moreover, some pathways, including lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism were affected through transcriptome sequencing analysis in the larval zebrafish. Further data analysis based on the sequencing, EPX exposure also affected the expression of genes related to cell apoptosis. We further conformed that the bright fluorescence on the liver and bright spots near the liver by acridine orange staining. In addition, the mRNA levels of apoptosis related genes were also significantly affected in the EPX exposed larval zebrafish. Taken together, the work could provide an insight into toxic effects of EPX on the zebrafish larvae at embryo toxicity and transcriptional levels, providing some evidences for the toxic effects of triazole fungicides on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Weng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhuizui Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Anyi Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qianxuan Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Huahui Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ze Lou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Longxi Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang 310051, China.
| | - Zhiwei Bao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Nath A, De P, Roy K. In silico modelling of acute toxicity of 1, 2, 4-triazole antifungal agents towards zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos: Application of the Small Dataset Modeller tool. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 75:105205. [PMID: 34186186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a widespread use of triazole antifungal agents to kill broad classes of fungi in farming lands and to protect herbs, fruits and grains. These agents further deposit into the aquatic systems causing toxicity to the living aquatic creatures, which can then affect human beings. Considering this issue, risk assessment of these toxic chemicals is a very essential task. Due to the inadequate experimental data on acute toxicity of antifungal agents containing the 1, 2, 4-triazole ring, higher testing costs along with the regulatory restrictions and the international regulations to lessen animal testing emphasize on in silico techniques such as quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies. The application of QSAR modelling has created an easier avenue to predict activity/property/toxicity of newly synthesized compounds. In the present study, we have used 23 antifungal agents containing the 1, 2, 4-triazole ring to develop 2D-QSAR models and explored their structural attributes crucial for acute toxicity towards embryonic phase of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Here, we have employed simple 2D descriptors to develop the QSAR models. The models were evolved by executing the Small Dataset Modeller tool (https://dtclab.webs.com/software-tools), and the validation of the models was achieved by employing different precise validation principles. The statistical validation metrics confirm that built models are robust, useful and well predictive to forecast the acute toxicity of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Nath
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Priyanka De
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Yang M, Qiu J, Zhao X, Feng X. 6-benzylaminopurine exposure induced development toxicity and behaviour alteration in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116887. [PMID: 33743271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) is one of the first synthetic hormones and has been widely used in fruit cultivation, gardening and agriculture. However, excessive use of 6-BA will cause potential harm to the environment and humans. Therefore, our research focused on assessing the impact of 6-BA on the development and neurobehavior of zebrafish. The results showed that 6-BA had little effect on the embryos from 2 hpf to 10 hpf. However, delayed development, decreased survival and hatchability were observed under 30 and 40 mg/L 6-BA from 24 hpf. 6-BA also reduced surface tension of embryonic chorions at 24 hpf. In addition, 6-BA caused abnormal morphology and promoted the accumulation of oxidative stress. Transcription of genes in connection with development and oxidative stress was also strikingly altered. Results of movement assay showed that zebrafish were less active and their behavior was significantly inhibited under the 20 and 30 mg/L 6-BA treatments. Locomotion-related genes th and mao were down-regulated by gradient, while the transcription of dbh was upregulated at a low concentration (2 mg/L) but decreased as the concentration increased. Moreover, 6-BA exposure caused increased arousal and decreased sleep. Sleep/wake related genes hcrt and hcrtr2 were upregulated, but decreased at 30 mg/L, while the mRNA level of aanat2 was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. To sum up, our results showed that 6-BA induced developmental toxicity, promoted the accumulation of oxidative stress, and damaged locomotion and sleep/wake behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinyu Qiu
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - XiZeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Zhu J, Liu C, Wang J, Liang Y, Gong X, You L, Ji C, Wang SL, Wang C, Chi X. Difenoconazole induces cardiovascular toxicity through oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112227. [PMID: 33848738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole (DIF), a common broad-spectrum triazole fungicide, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the mechanisms underlying this association. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to DIF (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/L) from 4 to 96 h post fertilization (hpf) and cardiovascular toxicity was evaluated. Our results showed that DIF decreased hatching rate, survival rate and heart rate, with increased malformation rate. Cardiovascular deformities are the most prominent, including pericardial edema, abnormal cardiac structure and disrupted vascular pattern in two transgenic zebrafish models (myl7:egfp and fli1:egfp). DIF exacerbated oxidative stress by via accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of antioxidant enzyme. Cardiovascular apoptosis was triggered through increased expression of p53, bcl-2, bax and caspase 9, while DIF suppressed the transcription of key genes involved in calcium signaling and cardiac muscle contraction. These adverse outcomes were restored by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), indicating that oxidative stress played a crucial role in DIF-induced cardiovascular toxicity caused by apoptosis and inhibition of cardiac muscle contraction. Taken together, this study revealed the key role of oxidative stress in DIF-induced cardiovascular toxicity and provided novel insights into strategies to mitigate its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Zhu
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China; Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yinyin Liang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Xing Gong
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Lianghui You
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China; Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China; Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
| | - Xia Chi
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China; Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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43
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Ren B, Jia B, Zhang X, Wang J, Li Y, Liang H, Liang H. Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on enantioselective bioaccumulation and oxidative stress toxicity of indoxacarb in zebrafish(Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:128872. [PMID: 33176913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used in various fields with the rapid development of nanotechnology. Pesticides have an irreplaceable role in agricultural production, which leads to their massive utilization and their inevitably penetrate into the aquatic environment. However, limited information is available regarding the impact of CNTs on the toxicity and enrichment of chiral compounds to organisms. Using zebrafish as a model to study whether the enantioselective bioaccumulation and oxidative stress of chiral pollutants may be altered in the presence of MWCNTs. Significant enantioselective bioaccumulation was observed in zebrafish with the preferential accumulation of R-(-)-indoxacarb during the 28-day bioaccumulation. The combined exposure of MWCNTs does not affect the enantioselectivity of zebrafish bioaccumulation, but increase the bioaccumulation amount of R-(-)-indoxacarb by 65%. Moreover, the average degradation half-life of indoxacarb enantiomers was 1.30 days. The indoxacarb causes oxidative stress toxicity in zebrafish liver and exhibited enantioselectivity, while the addition of MWCNTs did not significantly change the enantioselectivity of oxidative stress toxicity of indoxacarb, but enhanced the toxicity 20% with increased MWCNTs concentrations. This study suggests that the risk of the co-presence of nanomaterials and chiral pesticides in aquatic environments should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Institute for Drug Control, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hanlin Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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44
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Shen J, Liu P, Sun Y, Xu X, Guo L, Rao Q, Chen M, Liu X. Embryonic exposure to prothioconazole induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143859. [PMID: 33303200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides are extensively applied in general agriculture for fungal control and have negative impacts on aquatic organisms. Prothioconazole, a widely used triazole fungicide, is toxic to zebrafish, but systematic research on the negative effects caused by prothioconazole in zebrafish embryos is limited. In this study, we studied the developmental toxicology, oxidative stress and apoptosis caused by prothioconazole in zebrafish embryos. Exposure to 0.850 mg/L prothioconazole impacts embryo survival and hatching. Prothioconazole exposure caused embryo malformation, especially yolk-sac and pericardial edemas, and prothioconazole-induced apoptosis was observed. Additionally, exposure to a high prothioconazole concentration up-regulated the expression levels of oxidative stress defense-related genes and p53. The bax to bcl2 ratio increased along with exposure time and prothioconazole concentration. Prothioconazole induced apoptosis during the early life stages of zebrafish and may trigger oxidative-stress and p53-dependent pathway responses. Our findings increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and cell death caused by prothioconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Sun
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longfei Guo
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Rao
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minlan Chen
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xunyue Liu
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou, China.
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45
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Hamid N, Junaid M, Wang Y, Pu SY, Jia PP, Pei DS. Chronic exposure to PPCPs mixture at environmentally relevant concentrations (ERCs) altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism through gut and liver toxicity in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116494. [PMID: 33486247 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been widely distributed and posed ecotoxicological risks in the aquatic environment. This study aims to evaluate the toxic effects after chronic exposure to PPCPs mixture at the environment relevant concentrations (ERCs). Our results indicated that PPCPs induced serious metabolic effects by disturbing the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism pathways. Chronic exposure caused a significant reduction in the hepatosomatic index (HSI), the gut weight ratios, and histological alterations in liver and gut tissues. Further, exposure to the combined PPCPs disrupted the carbohydrate metabolism via significant upregulation of hk1, gk, pck1, and insr genes. The lipid metabolism was affected with higher ppars expression levels that increased the fatty acid β-oxidation and ultimately decreased the lipidogenesis. Moreover, the altered responses of the insulin growth factor (IGF) pathway more in male gut tissue than that of female revealed sex-dependent disturbance in the gut homeostasis induced by PPCPs mixture. In conclusion, chronic exposure to PPCPs mixtures at ERCs can induce developmental effects and metabolic dysfunction in both male and female fish. The consumption and environmental disposal of these PPCPs should be regulated to ensure ecological health and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Hamid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shi-Ya Pu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
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46
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Jia M, Teng M, Tian S, Yan J, Meng Z, Yan S, Li R, Zhou Z, Zhu W. Developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of penconazole enantiomers exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115450. [PMID: 32892009 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Penconazole is a widely used chiral triazole bactericide that may adversely affect the environment. It contains two corresponding enantiomers and there may be differences in toxicity between the isomers. Therefore, in this study, we exposed zebrafish embryos to different concentrations of the penconazole enantiomer to study the developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of penconazole on zebrafish and the difference in toxicity between enantiomers. The results showed that penconazole exposure caused adverse effects on zebrafish embryos, such as autonomous motor abnormalities, heart rate slowing, and increased deformity, resulting in significant developmental toxicity. Meanwhile, also caused the zebrafish larvae to slow movement, the neurotransmitter content and nervous system related gene expression significantly changed, which proved that penconazole also caused neurotoxicity to zebrafish. Interestingly, our results also clearly show that (+)-penconazole is significantly more toxic to zebrafish than (-)-penconazole at the same concentration, whether it is developmental toxicity or neurotoxicity, which suggests that we should focus on (+)-penconazole more when conducting toxicological studies on penconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Sinuo Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jin Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Sen Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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47
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Zhang J, Qian L, Wang C, Teng M, Duan M, Chen X, Li X, Wang C. UPLC-TOF-MS/MS metabolomics analysis of zebrafish metabolism by spirotetramat. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115310. [PMID: 32798906 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spirotetramat, a member of tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, is a unique insecticide and acaricide. Although the effect on zebrafish embryos lipid biosynthesis of spirotetramat has been characterized, the energy metabolism and toxic effect mechanism warrant further investigation. To investigate the toxic mechanism of spirotetramat on energy metabolism, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 100, 500 and 1000 µg/L of spirotetramat for 4 days. Untargeted metabolomics showed the synthesis and degradation of ketone pathway metabolites (R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid and Acetoacetate significantly decreased, as well as increasing the abundance of Anti-Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase protein (ACC1). Down-regulation of the genes related to ß-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the embryos show decreased energy metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT- I) significantly decreased while citrate synthase (CS) significantly increased. Additionally, mitochondrial lesions in embryos were found using electron microscopy. Our study provides novel and robust perspectives, which show that spirotetramat treatment in embryos leads to metabolic disturbances that adversely affect cellular energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Qian
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangguang Chen
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Wang J, Jia B, Li Y, Ren B, Liang H, Yan D, Xie H, Zhang X, Liang H. Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the enantioselective toxicity of the chiral insecticide indoxacarb toward zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 397:122724. [PMID: 32387829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mass production and usage of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have led to the inevitable release into the environment, and the effects of CNTs on the toxicity of co-existing pollutants have been well documented. However, knowledge of the effects of CNTs on the enantioselective toxicity of chiral compounds is limited. Using zebrafish as an experimental model, the enantioselective expression of the apoptosis, CYP3C and EAAT-related genes were analyzed following exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (0.05 and 0.5 mg/L), rac-/R-/S-indoxacarb (0.01 mg/L), or the combination of rac-/R-/S-indoxacarb mixed with MWCNTs for 28d. Sex-specific differences were observed in both the liver and brain of zebrafish. The expression of apoptosis and CYP3C-related genes was 16.55-44.29 times higher in the livers of males treated with R-indoxacarb than in S-indoxacarb treated groups. The EAAT-related genes were expressed at 1.38-2.56 times higher levels in the brain of females treated with R-indoxacarb than in S-indoxacarb-treated groups. In the presence of MWCNTs, the expression of caspase-3, cyp3c3, cyp3c4, eaat1a, eaat1b and eaat2 in the livers of males and brains of females treated with S-indoxacarb were 1.65-15.33 times higher than in fish treated with R-indoxacarb. Based on these results, MWCNTs affected the enantioselective toxicity of indoxacarb toward zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hanlin Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Dongyan Yan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Haiyan Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Institute for Drug Control, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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Zhao F, Cao F, Li H, Teng M, Liang Y, Qiu L. The effects of a short-term exposure to propiconazole in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38212-38220. [PMID: 32623674 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Propiconazole (PCZ) is a widely used fungicide around the world and was frequently detected in surface waters, which would pose risk to aquatic organisms. Previous studies indicated that PCZ has high toxicity to different kinds of fish. However, most of the studies focus on the toxicity and mechanisms of PCZ to adult fish, the potential toxicity mechanism of PCZ to fish embryos is still poorly understood. The present study investigated the effects of PCZ on content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA); activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and Na+-K+-ATPase; and expression level of genes related to oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and innate immune system in zebrafish embryos after 96-h exposure. The results showed that 5.0 mg/L PCZ induced oxidative damage in zebrafish embryos, as indicated by increased ROS and MDA content and alteration of antioxidative enzyme activity. The activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in zebrafish embryos was significantly inhibited after exposure to 0.5 mg/L PCZ. The expression levels of bax, p53, casp-3, casp-9, and apaf-1 were significantly increased, indicating that cell apoptosis was caused in embryos by 5.0 mg/L PCZ. The expression level of interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and IL-8 increased after exposure to 0.5 mg/L PCZ, but that of IL-1b, IL-8, and cxcl-c1c (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 18b) decreased in 5.0-mg/L PCZ treatment group, indicating an immunotoxicity effect. Our results suggest that oxidative damage, cell apoptosis, and immunotoxicity would be induced in zebrafish embryos after short-term exposure to PCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangjie Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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50
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Jiang J, Chen L, Wu S, Lv L, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhao X. Effects of difenoconazole on hepatotoxicity, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114844. [PMID: 32480235 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In current study, larvae and adult zebrafish were exposed to difenoconazole to assess its effect on hepatotoxicity, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. Results demonstrated that difenoconazole could induce hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae and adult, 0.400, 1.00, 2.00 mg/L difenoconazole caused yolk retention, yolk sac edema or liver degeneration after embryos exposure for 120 h, hepatocyte vacuolization and neoplasm necrosis were observed in adult liver after 0.400 mg/L difenoconazole exposure for 21 d. RNA sequencing showed that the 41 and 567 differentially expressed genes in zebrafish larvae and liver induced by 0.400 mg/L difenoconazole, were concentrated in pathways related to protein digestion and absorption, pancreatic secretion, steroid biosynthesis, and different metabolic pathways including galactose or sugar metabolism. Difenoconazole exposure caused lipid accumulation in larval yolk sac, and the elevated triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in larvae and liver, which further confirmed the lipid metabolism disorders induced by difenoconazole. The results further showed that difenoconazole increased the abundance of gut microbiota such as Firmicutes, Aeromonas, Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroides, further suggested that gut microbiota might participate in lipid metabolism and hepatotoxicity during zebrafish development. These findings advanced the field of the difenoconazole-induced developmental toxicity in larvae and adult zebrafish, and the imbalance of gut microbiota provided the plausible mode of action for the liver damage and disordered lipid metabolism in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liezhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinju Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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