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Liang Z, Lu Y, Cao Z, Huang X, Lei H, Li J, Wu Z, An X, Wang P. Co-emissions of fluoride ion, fluorinated greenhouse gases, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from different fluorochemical production processes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124609. [PMID: 39074690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Fluorochemical industry is an emerging industry leading to environmental emissions of fluoride ion, fluorinated greenhouse gases (GHGs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) globally. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFCs) are the primary causes of ozone layer depletion, and together with hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), they contribute to global climate warming. PFAS are emerging persistent organic pollutants, comprising thousands of materials including perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FASAs), and fluoropolymers.As the implementation of the Montreal Protocol and the Stockholm Convention makes progress, fluorochemical industry is searching for alternatives like HFCs, perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs) and etc. Even though studies on chemical processes and environmental influences of the fluorochemical industry are plentiful, research on emissions of fluorine chemicals from different fluorochemical industry is still scarce. In this study, we conducted on-site sampling to analyze the distribution of fluorine chemicals in the surrounding environment of the fluorochemical industrial sites. The sampling sites represent different stages of fluorochemical industry production, including fluorite mining, synthesis of fluorochemical raw materials like fluorocarbons, and fine fluorine product processing which is mostly PFAS. Results show that at the fluorite mining stage, concurrent emissions of fluoride ion and CFC-12 contribute to the primary environmental issue. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and some short-chain PFASs like perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) are the main pollutants from fluocarbons production, accompanied by emissions of fluorinated GHGs such as HFC-32, and HCFC-22. At the fine fluorine product synthesis stage where produces fluoropolymers, perfluoropolyethers and fluorinated surfactants, PFAS especially for emerging alternatives PFECAs like hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPODA) and Perfluoro-4-oxapentanoic acid (PF4OPeA), as well as fluorinated GHGs like HFC-23 and HFC-227ea, require increasing attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and International Institute for Sustainability Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and International Institute for Sustainability Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and International Institute for Sustainability Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and International Institute for Sustainability Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haojie Lei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and International Institute for Sustainability Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jialong Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and International Institute for Sustainability Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and International Institute for Sustainability Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xupeng An
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and International Institute for Sustainability Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
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Zhu X, Li H, Luo Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Yang W, Li R. Evaluation and prediction of anthropogenic impacts on long-term multimedia fate and health risks of PFOS and PFOA in the Elbe River Basin. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121675. [PMID: 38692258 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have aroused great concern owing to their widespread occurrence and toxic effects. However, their long-term trends and multimedia fate remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and periodic oscillations of PFOS and PFOA in the Elbe River between 2010 and 2021. Anthropogenic emission inventories and multimedia fugacity model were developed to analyse their historical and future transport fates and quantify related human risks in each medium for the three age groups. The results show that average PFOS and PFOA concentrations in the Elbe River were 4.08 and 3.41 ng/L, declining at the annual rate of 7.36% and 4.98% during the study period, respectively. Periodic oscillations of their concentrations and mass fluxes were most pronounced at 40-60 and 20-40 months. The multimedia fugacity model revealed that higher concentrations occurred in fish (PFOS: 14.29, PFOA: 0.40 ng/g), while the soil was their dominant sink (PFOS: 179, PFOA: 95 tons). The exchange flux between water and sediment was the dominant pathway in multimedia transportation (397 kg/year). Although PFOS and PFOA concentrations are projected to decrease by 22.41% and 50.08%, respectively, from 2021 to 2050, the hazard quotient of PFOS in fish is a low hazard. This study provides information for the assessment of PFOS and PFOA pollution in global watersheds and the development of related mitigation policies, such as banning fish predation in polluted rivers, to mitigate their risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Hydrogeology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Hydrogeology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ruifei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Li WL, Shunthirasingham C, Wong F, Smyth SA, Pajda A, Alexandrou N, Hung H, Huo CY, Bisbicos T, Alaee M, Pacepavicius G, Marvin C. Assessing Contributions of Synthetic Musk Compounds from Wastewater Treatment Plants to Atmospheric and Aquatic Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5524-5533. [PMID: 38466636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The high environmental concentrations, persistence, and toxicity of synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) necessitate a better grasp of their fate in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To investigate the importance of WWTPs as pathways of SMCs to the environment, air and wastewater samples were collected at four WWTPs in Ontario, Canada. Polycyclic musks (PCMs) were present at higher concentrations than nitro musks (NMs) and macrocyclic musks (MCMs). Three PCMs [galaxolide (HHCB), tonalide (AHTN), and iso-E super (OTNE)] were the most abundant compounds (0.30-680 ng/m3 in air, 0.40-15 μg/L in influent, and 0.007-6.0 μg/L in effluent). Analyses of multiyear data suggest that risk management measures put in place have been effective in reducing the release of many SMCs into the environment. The highest removal efficiency, up to almost 100% of some SMCs, was observed for the plant with the longest solid retention time. A fugacity-based model was established to simulate the transport and fate of SMCs in the WWTP, and good agreement was obtained between the measured and modeled values. These findings indicate that the levels of certain SMCs discharged into the atmospheric and aquatic environments were substantial, potentially resulting in exposure to both humans and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Li
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chubashini Shunthirasingham
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Fiona Wong
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Shirley Anne Smyth
- Science and Risk Assessment Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Artur Pajda
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Nick Alexandrou
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Hayley Hung
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Chun-Yan Huo
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tommy Bisbicos
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mehran Alaee
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Grazina Pacepavicius
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Chris Marvin
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
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Lertassavakorn T, Pholphana N, Rangkadilok N, Suriyo T, Teeyapant P, Satayavivad J. Method Validation for Quantification of PFOS and PFOA in Human Plasma and a Pilot Study in Blood Donors from Thai Red Cross Society. TOXICS 2023; 11:1015. [PMID: 38133417 PMCID: PMC10747079 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Information regarding per- and polyfluorinated substances concentrations in biological samples from the Thai population was still lacking. A sensitive bioanalytical method was developed and validated for the quantification of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) levels in human plasma. Simple protein precipitation and LC-MS/MS techniques were used with stable isotope internal standards of 13C8-PFOS and 13C8-PFOA. The validated method followed the ICH bioanalytical validation guideline, and the results showed good accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. The validated analytical method was then applied to determine PFOS and PFOA concentrations in 50 human plasma samples from the National Blood Center, Thai Red Cross Society. The concentrations were found to be in ranges of <0.91-6.27 ng/mL for PFOS and <0.49-2.72 ng/mL for PFOA. PFOS was also measured separately for its isomers, and the geometric means of the linear isomer (L-PFOS) and branched isomer (br-PFOS) in plasma samples were at 1.85 and 0.41 ng/mL, respectively. Both PFOS and PFOA concentrations were lower in comparison to previous reports from other countries. The present study showed the application of our reliable method to determine PFOS and PFOA in biological samples in order to monitor the human exposure of both chemicals in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapong Lertassavakorn
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (T.L.); (N.P.); (N.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Nanthanit Pholphana
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (T.L.); (N.P.); (N.R.); (T.S.)
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nuchanart Rangkadilok
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (T.L.); (N.P.); (N.R.); (T.S.)
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tawit Suriyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (T.L.); (N.P.); (N.R.); (T.S.)
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Punthip Teeyapant
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand;
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (T.L.); (N.P.); (N.R.); (T.S.)
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute (CGI), Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Li H, Zhu X, Zhang J, Wang Z, Li R. Characterizing the long-term occurrence and anthropogenic drivers of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in surface water of the Rhine River. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120528. [PMID: 37742404 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) raise significant concerns due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity to both ecosystems and human health. However, the long-term trends of PFAS in aquatic environments remain inadequately explored. In this study, we systematically assessed the spatiotemporal distribution, periodic fluctuations, source apportionment, and risk evaluation of 12 PFAS in the Rhine River based on the long-term measuring data collected from 2007 to 2019. The study revealed that the mean concentration and mass flux of total PFAS during this period were 32.83 ng L-1 and 6.36 × 104 μg s-1, declining at an annual rate of 3.70% and 3.82%, respectively. Wavelet analysis demonstrated that the most prominent periodic oscillation of PFAS was 40-60 months. Regarding the sources of PFAS, we employed the self-organizing map (SOM) and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model for source apportionment. The results indicated that the primary sources of PFAS were agrochemical, pharmaceutical and textile industries, accounting for 38.1% of the total concentration. The contribution from household contamination, tannery industry, and coating materials has increased annually. In contrast, the share of electrochemical fluorination and chemical recycling has shown a continuous decline. The risk quotient (RQ) and hazard quotient (HQ) calculations for three age groups indicated that PFAS exposure did not pose a significant risk to ecological or human health. Implementing source-oriented mitigation strategies is crucial to effectively reduce the ecological and human health risks of PFAS in receiving waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Ruifei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Sun Z, Zhang L, Dong D, Guo Z. Optimizing the multimedia fate model for characterizing environmental risks of florfenicol in seasonally ice-covered reservoirs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121299. [PMID: 36804883 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seasonally ice-covered reservoirs have both freeze-thaw and artificial regulation characteristics which could cause the accumulation of antibiotics. Florfenicol, one of the most widely used veterinary antibiotics, with an environmental persistence due to its fluorinated substituents has been detected in the suburban drinking water source reservoirs. In this study, a four-level fugacity model that is appropriate for ice-water-sediment systems was developed to predict the fate of florfenicol and assess its ecological risk in seasonally ice-covered reservoirs. The effects of freeze-thaw and artificial regulation processes on the volume variation of ice and water were considered by the model. The simulation accuracies in ice and water in the model were improved by 3.9% and 17.7%, respectively, compared with the traditional model. The results of mass transfer analysis showed that the inflow of florfenicol in tributaries and the volume variation of ice and water were the major factors influencing the concentration variation of florfenicol in the seasonally ice-covered reservoir. Additionally, ecological risk analysis showed that the values of risk quotients ranged from 0.019 to 0.038 which was consistently at a low ecological risk level. Our findings provide a modeling tool for predicting the fate of antibiotics with persistence and assessing their ecological risks in seasonally freeze-thaw reservoirs in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Wang C, Guo Y, Feng L, Pang W, Yu J, Wang S, Qiu C, Li C, Wang Y. Fate of phthalates in a river receiving wastewater treatment plant effluent based on a multimedia model. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:2124-2137. [PMID: 36378170 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) can enter environment media by secondary effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) into receiving rivers, thus posing a threat to ecosystem health. A level III fugacity model was established to simulate the fate and transfer of four PAEs in a study area in Tianjin, China, and to evaluate the influence of WWTP discharge on PAEs levels in the receiving river. The results show that the logarithmic residuals of most simulated and measured values of PAEs are within one order of magnitude with a good agreement. PAEs in the study area were mainly distributed in soil and sediment phases, which accounted for 84.66%, 50.26%, 71.96% and 99.09% for dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), respectively. The upstream advection accounted for 77.90%, 93.20%, 90.21% and 90.93% of the total source of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP in the river water, respectively, while the contribution of secondary effluent discharge was much lower. Sensitivity analysis shows that emission and inflow parameters have greater influences on the multimedia distributions of PAEs than physicochemical and environmental parameters. Monte Carlo analysis quantifies the uncertainties and verifies the reliability of the simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yaqi Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail:
| | - Lixia Feng
- Tianjin United Environmental Protection Engineering Design Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Weiliang Pang
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jingjie Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Shaopo Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chunsheng Qiu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chaocan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
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Chen Z, Dong J, Asif Z. A regional numerical environmental multimedia modeling approach to assess spatial Eco-Environmental exposure risk of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in the Pearl river basin. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107101. [PMID: 35121494 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel numerical environmental multimedia modeling system (RNEMM) for assessing the environmental fate of emerging organic contaminants and their relative health risk at a regional scale. The RNEMM is developed based on an integrated numerical algorithm that comprises four sub-models: a river network simulation module, a gaseous phase simulation module, a mass balance based simulation module for soil compartment, and a food web analysis module. This RNEMM has been applied to simulate the spatial distribution of PFOS and assess the consequent health risks for a central water basin region of the Pearl River in China. The study region includes the urban areas of Guangzhou, Foshan, and Dongguan Cities with emission sources of PFOS, which was detected in local water, sediments, and air environment. The spatial concentration distributions of PFOS in water, sediment, air, soil, and various fish species are examined based on RNEMM and compared with the measured data. With a focus on water environment, it shows that the simulated results essentially agree well with measured concentrations. Comparing the simulated results and the measured data collected in 2013, the relative errors are mostly less than 40 % in the surface water and sediment zones for this regional scale field study. Whereas the relative error in the atmosphere zone is less than 5%. In addition, the health risk assessment for children and adults is conducted based on the RNEMM approach. The hazard quotient (HQ) values for the 95th percentile in most subareas of the study region are higher than 0.1, showing a low-risk level for the study period. The results indicate that the RNEMM is a useful modeling tool to manage the environmental and health risks associated with emerging contaminants on regional air, water, soil, and ecosystem at an adequate spatial-temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Jinxin Dong
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Zunaira Asif
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
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Falakdin P, Terzaghi E, Di Guardo A. Spatially resolved environmental fate models: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133394. [PMID: 34953876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spatially resolved environmental models are important tools to introduce and highlight the spatial variability of the real world into modeling. Although various spatial models have been developed so far, yet the development and evaluation of these models remain a challenging task due to several difficulties related to model setup, computational cost, and obtaining high-resolution input data (e.g., monitoring and emission data). For example, atmospheric transport models can be used when high resolution predicted concentrations in atmospheric compartments are required, while spatial multimedia fate models may be preferred for regulatory risk assessment, life cycle impact assessment of chemicals, or when the partitioning of chemical substances in a multimedia environment is considered. The goal of this paper is to review and compare different spatially resolved environmental models, according to their spatial, temporal and chemical domains, with a closer insight into spatial multimedia fate models, to achieve a better understanding of their strengths and limitations. This review also points out several requirements for further improvement of existing models as well as for their integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Falakdin
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, CO, Italy.
| | - Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, CO, Italy.
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, CO, Italy.
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10
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Xu Z, Ma X, Wei Z, Ren G, Wu Z, Man Q, Zhou B, Liu H, Yuan D. A novel fate and transport model for evaluating the presence and environmental risk of per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) among multi-media in Lingang hybrid constructed wetland, Tianjin, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132724. [PMID: 34718013 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurately revealing and predicting the presence and risks of per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in constructed wetlands (CWs) is great significant for the construction and management of CWs, but very challenging. In this work, a novel fate and transport model was for the first time established to evaluate the spatially continuous distribution and environmental risks of PFASs among multi-media in Lingang hybrid CW fed by industry tailwater. 20 PFASs were detected from the Lingang CW, and the total concentration of the detected PFASs in water and sediments were in the range of 38.94-81.65 ng/L and 1.23-4.31 ng/g, respectively. PFOA, PFOS and PFBS were the main pollutants in water and sediments. A fate and transport model describing the distribution characteristics and fate of PFASs in Lingang hybrid CW was constructed, and its reliability was verified. The simulated results suggested that PFASs were mainly accumulated in sediments and long-chain PFASs were more easily adsorbed by sediments compared with short-chain PFASs. According to the principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), PFASs mainly came from the tailwater from the surrounding sewage treatment plants. Besides, the environmental risks were predicted by this novel model, suggesting that the risks still cannot be neglected due to the accumulation and continuous input of PFASs although the environmental risks of Lingang CW were low. This work provides a novel model for the understanding of presence and risks of PFASs among multi-media in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqi Xu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Zizhang Wei
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Gengbo Ren
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Zhineng Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Quanli Man
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Dekui Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
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11
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Lyu Y, Zhong F, Tang Z, He Y, Han X. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of organic ultraviolet absorbents in the food web of a freshwater lake: Implications for risk estimation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118612. [PMID: 34863893 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) are increasingly reported in environmental matrices and organisms. However, available information on the bioaccumulation of UVAs in freshwater species is insufficient and their trophodynamics in lake food webs remain unknown. We measured the concentrations of twelve UVAs in the wild species from Lake Chaohu. Except for UV-320 not detected, the other UVAs were prevalent in the study species and their total concentrations were in the range of 5.44-131 ng/g dry weight, which were comparable to the concentrations reported in other waters. Compound and species-specific accumulations of UVAs in the organisms were observed. In the lake, the log-transformed concentrations of 4-methyl benzylidene camphor, octyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, UV-326, and UV-327 related significantly to the trophic levels of species separately. The calculated trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of the four UVAs were 3.79, implying trophic magnification, and 0.18, 0.40 and 0.58, suggesting trophic dilution, respectively. These suggested that the magnification potential and the associated risks of individual UVAs in freshwater lake differed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these TMFs in lake food webs. However, more investigation is needed to characterize their trophodynamic behaviors in lakes because food web characteristics likely affect trophic transfer of these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Fuyong Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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12
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Li M, Mo CH, Luo X, He KY, Yan JF, Wu Q, Yu PF, Han W, Feng NX, Yeung KL, Zhou SQ. Exploring key reaction sites and deep degradation mechanism of perfluorooctane sulfonate via peroxymonosulfate activation under electrocoagulation process. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117849. [PMID: 34785408 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), normally present in groundwater and surface water, is an emerging environmental contaminants, but is extremely difficult to be degraded due to high energy of the C-F bond. Here, an electrocoagulation (EC) technique coupled with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation was used to deeply degrade PFOS. Results showed that approximately 100% PFOS was removed from the solution in the monopolar serial (MS) mode within 60 min and achieved a high kinetic rate of 0.074 min-1, which was significantly higher than those of reported studies (Table S3). Energy consumption (2.06 kWh/kg) in the MS mode was significantly lower than that of Al (52.30 kWh/kg) and Zn (213.50 kWh/kg) electrodes, which further confirmed the potential application prospects of EC technique. The quenching experiments, electron spin response (ESR) analysis, and DFT calculations can verify that ·OH was the main radical from the reaction of Fe2+-OH reaction site with PMS. In addition, results from fluorine balance and TOC removal also indicated the complete mineralization and degradation of PFOS in the EC process. Quantum chemical calculations can confirm the PFOS degradation mechanism and key active sites for direct electron transfer and radical attack. After five cycle operations of PFOS degradation, the EC process was still effective in degrading PFOS with a removal efficiency above 98%. Thus, this work provided a novel alternative for the high-effective treatment of PFOS from contaminated environmental water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR. China..
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Xuan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ke-Ying He
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jian-Fang Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR. China
| | - Peng-Fei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR. China
| | - Nai-Xian Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - King Lun Yeung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR. China.; Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR. China..
| | - Shao-Qi Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, 2708 Huaxi Road, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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13
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Cao X, Huo S, Zhang H, Zheng J, He Z, Ma C, Song S. Source emissions and climate change impacts on the multimedia transport and fate of persistent organic pollutants, Chaohu watershed, eastern China. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 109:15-25. [PMID: 34607664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emission intensity and climate change control the transport flux and fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in multiple environmental compartments. This study applied a multimedia model (BETR model) to explore alternations in the spatio-temporal trends of concentrations and transport flux of benzopyrene (BaP), phenanthrene (Phe), perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Chaohu watershed, located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China in response to changes in source emissions and climate. The potential historic and future risks of these pollutants also were assessed. The results suggest that current trends in concentrations and transport were similar to that of their emissions between 2005 and 2018. During the next 100 years, temporal trends and spatial patterns were not predicted to change significantly, which is consistent with climate change. Based on sensitivity and correlation analyses, climate change had significant effects on multi-media concentrations and transport fluxes of BaP, Phe, PFOS and PCBs, and rainfall intensity was the predominant controlling factor. Risk quotients (RQs) of BaP and Phe-in soil increased from 0.42 to 0.95 and 0.06 to 0.35, respectively, from 2005 to 2090, indicating potential risks. The RQs of the other examined contaminants exhibited little potential risk in soil, water, or sediment. Based on spatial patterns, it was inferred that the ecosystem around Lake Chaohu is the most at risk. The study provides insights needed for local pollution control of POPs in the Chaohu watershed. In addition, the developed approach can be applied to other watersheds world-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shouliang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Hanxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China; Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100874, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhuoshi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chunzi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shuai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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14
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Liu T, Qian X, Wang S, Wang H, Wei S, Chen H. Occurrence and transport of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in a Yangtze River water diversion project during water diversion and flooding. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117662. [PMID: 34562805 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water diversion is increasingly utilized for water supply, flood control, irrigation, and water quality improvement in many water bodies globally. Our findings indicate that micropollutants such as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) can be transported via dual-source water diversion projects during water diversion and flood discharge, which may negatively impact both receiving water bodies. However, the sources, spatiotemporal variations, and fluxes of PFAAs under water diversion projects remain unclear. Here we report patterns of 18 PFAA compounds in the surface water at 14 sites of a dual-source water diversion project (Wangyu River) connecting the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake in China. We found multiple contamination hotspots with PFHxA and PFOA dominantly originating from industrial and domestic sources during water diversion from the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake. During the severe flooding in summer 2020, PFAA concentrations ranged from 82.0 to 114.0 ng L-1, while the concentrations and relative contributions of individual perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) increased along the mainstream due to the tributaries' contribution and high contamination level in the lake. Based on the spatiotemporal patterns of PFAA pollution, the flux of total PFAAs including both dissolved-phase and SS-phase into Taihu Lake was estimated as 26.6 kg in January 2020 as a reference value for water diversion. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the sources, occurrences, and transport of PFAAs in a dual-source water diversion project during water diversion and flooding. The results provide a novel perspective regarding the ecological safety of dual-source water diversion projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Soil and Environment Analysis Center, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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15
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Tong X, You L, Zhang J, Chen H, Nguyen VT, He Y, Gin KYH. A comprehensive modelling approach to understanding the fate, transport and potential risks of emerging contaminants in a tropical reservoir. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117298. [PMID: 34102387 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed a comprehensive integrated water quality modeling approach towards a better understanding of the fate and transport of emerging contaminants and comprehensive assessment of their potential risks in a tropical reservoir. Two representative emerging contaminants, namely Bisphenol A (BPA) and N, N-diethyltoluamide (DEET), were selected for this study. Unlike the traditional water quality modeling approach, the target emerging contaminants were modelled in four multi-compartments and coupled to a 3D-dimensional eutrophication model to investigate their interactions with other water quality state variables. First, the integrated model was calibrated and validated in four multi-compartments against an observed dataset in 2014. Subsequently, the correlation analysis between emerging contaminants and general water quality parameters were conducted. The potential ecological risks in this reservoir were also assessed via the trophic state index (TSI) and coupled to a species sensitivity distribution (SSD)-Risk Quotient (RQ) method. Finally, the model was applied to describe the dynamics of the two emerging contaminants and examine the direct and indirect influences of other environmental factors on their multi-compartment distributions in the aquatic environment. The comprehensive approach provides new insights into dynamic modeling of the fate and transport of emerging contaminants, their interactions with other state variables as well as an assessment of their potential risks in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuneng Tong
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Luhua You
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Lab of Environmental IoT Technologies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Huiting Chen
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Viet Tung Nguyen
- PUB, Singapore's national water agency, 40 Scotts Road #22-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
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16
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Zhu Z, Dai Y, Zhang R, Shi J, Zhang X, Liu B, Feng M. Occurrence, distribution and partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (PCDTs) in Chaohu Lake, Southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116751. [PMID: 33647806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (PCDTs) are a class of compounds structurally similar to dioxins that possess various toxicological impacts on living organisms. Unfortunately, information on the levels of PCDTs in freshwater lakes in China is still scarce. In this work, the occurrence of 14 congeners of PCDTs in different matrices (i.e., sediment, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and water) of Chaohu Lake was investigated. It was determined that the concentrations of 14 PCDTs (Σ14PCDTs) in the sediment, SPM, and surface water were 0.40-3.55 ng g-1 (dry weight, d.w.), 0.38-2.95 ng·g-1 d.w., and 0.34-2.61 ng L-1, respectively. The dominant congener found in sediments was 1,2,3,4,7-penta-CDT (19.54%), and 1,3,9-tri-CDT was the predominant congener in SPM (19.13%) and water (20.08%). Medium- and high-chlorinated PCDTs were detected as the major compounds in sediments and SPM. The low-chlorinated PCDTs (e.g., mono-CDTs) have higher relative percentages in the water than those detected in the sediment samples. The annual Σ14PCDT input of the eight main tributaries to Chaohu Lake was 19.90 kg. A strong linear correlation between the Σ14PCDT levels and the organic carbon (OC) content demonstrated that OC had an important influence on the PCDT redistribution in Chaohu Lake. In addition, the organic carbon normalized partitioning coefficient (logKOC) of PCDTs in the SPM-water system in Chaohu Lake was 1.95-2.49 mL g-1, and correlations between logKOC and other typical environment-related properties of PCDTs were established. This study provided useful data on the evaluation of ecological risks of PCDTs in Chaohu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Zhu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, China; Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yinying Dai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Ecological Environment, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, China; Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Bingxiang Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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17
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Zhou J, Baumann K, Mead RN, Skrabal SA, Kieber RJ, Avery GB, Shimizu M, DeWitt JC, Sun M, Vance SA, Bodnar W, Zhang Z, Collins LB, Surratt JD, Turpin BJ. PFOS dominates PFAS composition in ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) collected across North Carolina nearly 20 years after the end of its US production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:580-587. [PMID: 33725038 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of drinking water by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) emitted from manufacturing plants, fire-fighting foams, and urban waste streams has received considerable attention due to concerns over toxicity and environmental persistence; however, PFASs in ambient air remain poorly understood, especially in the United States (US). We measured PFAS concentrations in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at 5 locations across North Carolina over a 1 year period in 2019. Thirty-four PFASs, including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic, perfluoroalkane sulfonic, perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic and sulfonic acids were analyzed by UHPLC/ESI-MS/MS. Quarterly averaged concentrations ranged from <0.004-14.1 pg m-3. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) ranged from <0.18 to 14.1 pg m-3, comparable to previous PM2.5 measurements from Canada and Europe (<0.02-3.5 pg m-3). Concentrations above 1 pg m-3 were observed in July-September at Charlotte (14.1 pg m-3, PFOA), Wilmington (4.75 pg m-3, PFOS), and Research Triangle Park (1.37 pg m-3, PFOS). Notably, PM2.5 has a short atmospheric lifetime (<2 weeks), and thus, the presence of PFOS in these samples raises questions about their sources, since PFOS production was phased out in the US ∼20 years ago. This is the first US study to provide insights into ambient PFAS concentrations in PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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18
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Yindong T, Xiwen X, Miao Q, Jingjing S, Yiyan Z, Wei Z, Mengzhu W, Xuejun W, Yang Z. Lake warming intensifies the seasonal pattern of internal nutrient cycling in the eutrophic lake and potential impacts on algal blooms. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116570. [PMID: 33137524 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lake warming induced by climate change has constituted a particular challenge for the restoration of eutrophic lakes. However, a quantitative analysis about impacts of lake warming on the internal nutrient cycling in eutrophic lakes is limited. In this study, monthly nutrient monitoring data set in 2015-2016 in eutrophic Lake Chaohu, China, revealed a regular seasonal pattern of nutrient concentration. A process-based water quality model was established to quantify contributions from internal loadings on seasonal nutrient variations and predict responses under climate change scenarios. Results indicated that internal nutrient loading was responsible for the intra-annual variations of nutrient concentrations in the lake, and the internal loadings fluctuated much more between different seasons than the external nutrient inputs. We predicted that lake warming might probably result in stronger seasonal fluctuations of internal loading and create conditions beneficial for longer duration of cyanobacteria blooms in the year. Evidence derived from this study could help water managers to rethink the existing mitigation strategies in the restoration of eutrophic lakes and emphasize the potential interactions among lake warming, eutrophication and internal nutrient cycling in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yindong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xu Xiwen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qi Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sun Jingjing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhang Yiyan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhang Wei
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wang Mengzhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wang Xuejun
- MOE Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhang Yang
- Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100035, China.
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19
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Ahmed MB, Johir MAH, McLaughlan R, Nguyen LN, Xu B, Nghiem LD. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in soil and sediments: Occurrence, fate, remediation and future outlook. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141251. [PMID: 32805564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are contaminants of great concern due to their wide-spread occurrence and persistence in the environments (i.e., in water, soil and sediment) and potential toxicology even at very low concentration. The main focus of this review is on the PFASs in soil and sediments. More specifically, this review systematically examines the occurrence and toxicological effects with associated risks, fate (i.e., PFASs adsorption by soil and sediment, transportation and transformation, and bioaccumulation), and remediation practices of PFASs in soil and sediment. Various models and equations such as fugacity-based multimedia fate and hydrodynamic models are used to study the fate, transport, and transformation of PFASs. Among different remediation practices, sorption is the dominant process for the removal of PFASs from soil and sediments. Results also indicate that PFASs adsorption onto activated carbon decrease with the increase of carbon chain length in the PFASs. The longer-chain PFASs have larger partition coefficient values than shorter-chained PFASs. Sorption of PFASs to soil and sediments are mainly governed by different electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds formation, hydrophobic interactions, organic content in soil and sediments, and ligand exchange. Other technology such as thermal treatment might be potential in the removal of PAFSs, but need further study to elucidate a conclusion. Finally, the associated challenges and future outlook have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Ahmed
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - M A H Johir
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Robert McLaughlan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Luong N Nguyen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bentuo Xu
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Long D Nghiem
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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Duan X, Wang W, Wang Q, Sui X, Li N, Chang L. Electrocatalytic degradation of perfluoroocatane sulfonate (PFOS) on a 3D graphene-lead dioxide (3DG-PbO 2) composite anode: Electrode characterization, degradation mechanism and toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127587. [PMID: 32663673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a three-dimension grapnene-PbO2 (3DG-PbO2) composite anode was prepared using coelectrodeposition technology for electrocatalytic oxidation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The effect of 3DG on the surface morphology, structure and electrocatalytic activity of PbO2 electrode was investigated. The results indicated that the 3DG-PbO2-0.08 anode (3DG concentration in electrodeposition solution was 0.08 g L-1) possessed the best electrocatalytic activity due to its stronger ·OH radicals generation capacity, more active sites and smaller charge-transfer resistance. The degradation rate constant of PFOS on 3DG-PbO2-0.08 anode was 2.33 times than that of pure PbO2 anode. Additionally, the by-products formed in electrocatalytic degradation of PFOS were identified and a PFOS degradation pathway was proposed accordingly, which was dominated by the dissociation of -CF2- groups via the attack of ·OH radicals. Finally, the toxicity evolution of degradation solution was examined to evaluate the ecological risk of electrocatalytic oxidation of PFOS by acute toxicity assays to zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Duan
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control (Jilin Normal University), Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China.
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control (Jilin Normal University), Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Xinyu Sui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control (Jilin Normal University), Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control (Jilin Normal University), Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Limin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China.
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21
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Du W, Liu M, Li Y, Zhu J, Wei X, Yang J, Huang Y, Zhao D, Gao D, Qadeer A. Cross-interface transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a shallow urban lake in Shanghai, China based on the fugacity model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139369. [PMID: 32497886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shallow urban lakes are important urban ecosystems; however, these systems are subject to severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination. An understanding of the distribution and dynamics of PAHs in lakes is required to restore the functions of lake ecosystems and to ensure the ecological security of urban water sources. The Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction (QWASI) model and partition coefficient and fugacity fraction methods were applied to estimate the multimedia transfers of PAHs in Dianshan Lake, a typical shallow lake in Shanghai, China. In addition, some new concepts and methods related to PAH transfers were introduced. The results showed that while the gas-solid partition in the area remained in non-equilibrium, the influence of pollution sources tended to weaken. Atmospheric advection was the main source of PAHs to the lake, and a portion of the net loss of advection was transformed into total flux of cross-interface transfers, in which transport fluxes from air to water and from water to sediment were dominant, with a significant correlation between the two types of transfer. The large resuspension of high molecular weight (HMW)-PAHs occurred, possibly related to frequent hydrodynamic disturbances. Furthermore, this study explored the distribution of PAHs among different compartments and the seasonal variation of multimedia transfers. Sensitivity analysis showed that the model is remarkably sensitive to four parameters including temperature and advection. Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis verified that the simulation results were stable and reliable. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the monitoring and control of shallow lake pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weining Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., 200062 Shanghai, China.
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Dengzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
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22
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Sánchez-Soberón F, Sutton R, Sedlak M, Yee D, Schuhmacher M, Park JS. Multi-box mass balance model of PFOA and PFOS in different regions of San Francisco Bay. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126454. [PMID: 32197174 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a model to predict the long-term distribution and concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in estuaries comprising multiple intercommunicated sub-embayments. To that end, a mass balance model including rate constants and time-varying water inputs was designed to calculate levels of these compounds in water and sediment for every sub-embayment. Subsequently, outflows and tidal water exchanges were used to interconnect the different regions of the estuary. To calculate plausible risks to population, outputs of the model were used as inputs in a previously designed model to simulate concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in a sport fish species (Cymatogaster aggregata). The performance of the model was evaluated by applying it to the specific case of San Francisco Bay, (California, USA), using 2009 sediment and water sampled concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in North, Central and South regions. Concentrations of these compounds in the Bay displayed exponential decreasing trends, but with different shapes depending on region, compound, and compartment assessed. Nearly stable PFOA concentrations were reached after 50 years, while PFOS needed close to 500 years to stabilize in sediment and fish. Afterwards, concentrations stabilize between 4 and 23 pg/g in sediment, between 0.02 and 44 pg/L in water, and between 7 and 104 pg/g wet weight in fish, depending on compound and region. South Bay had the greatest final concentrations of pollutants, regardless of compartment. Fish consumption is safe for most scenarios, but due to model uncertainty, limitations in monthly intake could be established for North and South Bay catches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sánchez-Soberón
- Departament D'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rebecca Sutton
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA, 98404, United States
| | - Margaret Sedlak
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA, 98404, United States
| | - Donald Yee
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA, 98404, United States
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Departament D'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - June-Soo Park
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA, 94710, United States
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Abbasi Y, Mannaerts CM. Exploring the Environmental Exposure to Methoxychlor, α-HCH and Endosulfan-sulfate Residues in Lake Naivasha (Kenya) Using a Multimedia Fate Modeling Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082727. [PMID: 32326528 PMCID: PMC7216079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Distribution of pesticide residues in the environment and their transport to surface water bodies is one of the most important environmental challenges. Fate of pesticides in the complex environments, especially in aquatic phases such as lakes and rivers, is governed by the main properties of the contaminants and the environmental properties. In this study, a multimedia mass modeling approach using the Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction (QWASI) model was applied to explore the fate of organochlorine pesticide residues of methoxychlor, α-HCH and endosulfan-sulfate in the lake Naivasha (Kenya). The required physicochemical data of the pesticides such as molar mass, vapor pressure, air-water partitioning coefficient (KAW), solubility, and the Henry's law constant were provided as the inputs of the model. The environment data also were collected using field measurements and taken from the literature. The sensitivity analysis of the model was applied using One At a Time (OAT) approach and calibrated using measured pesticide residues by passive sampling method. Finally, the calibrated model was used to estimate the fate and distribution of the pesticide residues in different media of the lake. The result of sensitivity analysis showed that the five most sensitive parameters were KOC, logKow, half-life of the pollutants in water, half-life of the pollutants in sediment, and KAW. The variations of outputs for the three studied pesticide residues against inputs were noticeably different. For example, the range of changes in the concentration of α-HCH residue was between 96% to 102%, while for methoxychlor and endosulfan-sulfate it was between 65% to 125%. The results of calibration demonstrated that the model was calibrated reasonably with the R2 of 0.65 and RMSE of 16.4. It was found that methoxychlor had a mass fraction of almost 70% in water column and almost 30% of mass fraction in the sediment. In contrast, endosulfan-sulfate had highest most fraction in the water column (>99%) and just a negligible percentage in the sediment compartment. α-HCH also had the same situation like endosulfan-sulfate (e.g., 99% and 1% in water and sediment, respectively). Finally, it was concluded that the application of QWASI in combination with passive sampling technique allowed an insight to the fate process of the studied OCPs and helped actual concentration predictions. Therefore, the results of this study can also be used to perform risk assessment and investigate the environmental exposure of pesticide residues.
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24
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Lampic A, Parnis JM. Property Estimation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: A Comparative Assessment of Estimation Methods. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:775-786. [PMID: 32022323 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To accurately predict the environmental fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), high-quality physicochemical property data are required. Because such data are often not available from experiments, assessment of the accuracy of existing property estimation models is essential. The quality of predicted physicochemical property data for a set of 25 PFAS was examined using COSMOtherm, EPI Suite, the estimation models accessible through the US Environmental Protection Agency's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard, and Linear Solvation Energy Relationships (LSERs) available through the UFZ-LSER Database. The results showed that COSMOtherm made the most accurate acid dissociation constant and air-water partition ratio estimates compared with literature data. The OPEn structure-activity/property Relationship App (OPERA; developed through the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard) estimates of vapor pressure and dry octanol-air partition ratios were the most accurate compared with other models of interest. Wet octanol-water partition ratios were comparably predicted by OPERA and EPI Suite, and the organic carbon soil coefficient and solubility were well predicted by OPERA and COSMOtherm. Acid dissociation of the perfluoroalkyl acids has a significant impact on their physicochemical properties, and corrections for ionization were included where applicable. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:775-786. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Lampic
- Chemical Properties Research Group (Canadian Environmental Modelling Centre), Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Mark Parnis
- Chemical Properties Research Group (Canadian Environmental Modelling Centre), Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Kim HM, Long NP, Yoon SJ, Anh NH, Kim SJ, Park JH, Kwon SW. Omics approach reveals perturbation of metabolism and phenotype in Caenorhabditis elegans triggered by perfluorinated compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135500. [PMID: 31759720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are widely used in consumer products because of their remarkable endurance. However, their distinct stability prolongs degradation, resulting in bioaccumulation in the environment which is a severe environmental issue. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are principal constituents in the PFCs. In this study, the potential toxic effects of PFOS and PFOA were evaluated by adopting an in vivo animal model, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The uptake of PFCs was confirmed by the quantification of internal concentration in C. elegans. Metabolomics and lipidomics were applied along with reproduction assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. In the C. elegans exposed to PFOS and PFOA, amino acids including phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, were significantly affected. Also, various species that belong to glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerol were perturbed in the exposed groups. The alteration patterns of the lipidome in PFOS and PFOA treated C. elegans were significantly different. Additionally, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA)-based ROS assay revealed increased internal ROS in PFOS (1.5 fold, p-value = 0.0067) and PFOA (1.46 fold, p-value = 0.0253) groups. Decrease in reproduction was confirmed in PFOS (0.53 fold, p-value < 0.0001) and PFOA (0.69 fold, p-value = 0.0003) by counting progeny. Collectively, our findings suggest that exposure to PFCs in C. elegans leads to perturbation of various phenotypes as well as crucial amino acid and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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26
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He W, Kong X, Qin N, He Q, Liu W, Bai Z, Wang Y, Xu F. Combining species sensitivity distribution (SSD) model and thermodynamic index (exergy) for system-level ecological risk assessment of contaminates in aquatic ecosystems. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105275. [PMID: 31675563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
After reviewing the species- and community-level ecological risk assessments (ERAs) of chemicals in the aquatic environment, the present study attempted to propose a third stage of ERA, i.e., the ecosystem-level ERA. Based on the species sensitivity distribution model (SSD) and thermodynamic theory, the exergy and biomass indicators of communities from various trophic levels (TLs) were introduced to improve ecological connotation of SSDs. The species were classified into three TLs based on algae (TL1), invertebrates (TL2), and vertebrates (TL3), and the weight of each TL was determined based on relative biomass and β value, which indicated a holistic contribution of each species or community to the ecosystem. Then, a system-level ERA protocol was successfully established, and the community- and system-level ecological risks of 10 typical toxic micro-organic pollutants in the western area of Lake Chaohu and its inflowing rivers were evaluated. System-level ERA curves (ExSSD) were mainly affected by the community-level SSD at TL2 for most chemicals in the present study. The uncertain boundary of ExSSD was mostly related to TLs with a wider uncertain boundary, but had little relation to the weight of each TL. The results of system-level ERAs revealed that dibutyl phthalate had the highest eco-risk, whereas γ-hexachlorocyclohexane presented the lowest eco-risk. Results of the system-level ERA were not fully consistent with the those of community-level ERA owing to the lack of a sufficient dataset, SSD model type, and ecosystem structure, as indicated by the weight of each TL. The successful application of ExSSD in Lake Chaohu signifies the start of the third stage of ERA at the system-level, and it also provides a scientific basis for ecosystem-level ERA, aquatic ecosystem protection, and future water safety management. However, there were some limitations, including sufficient data dependence, neglect of ecological interactions, and neglect of environmental parameters such as natural organic matter. We propose to employ toxicogenomics to enrich the toxicity database, to simulate the interaction using the ecological dynamic model, and to introduce the chemical fate model into the system-level ERA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ning Qin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qishuang He
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China
| | - WenXiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zelin Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fuliu Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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27
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Zhang M, Wu Z, Sun Q, Ding Y, Ding Z, Sun L. The spatial and seasonal variations of bacterial community structure and influencing factors in river sediments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 248:109293. [PMID: 31386990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studying the composition and structure of bacterial communities in sediments helps to understand the contribution of bacteria to environmental changes and the role of feedback in response to disturbances. However, seasonal changes in bacterial communities of river sediments with different pollution levels and sources have not been clear yet. In this study, we collected sediment samples during the dry season, wet season and level season from 40 sites with various pollution sources in three inflow rivers (Fengle-Hangbu River, Nanfei River and Zhegao River) of Chaohu Lake. Bacterial community compositions were determined based on high-throughput sequencing. The 'Bioenv' in the R package 'Vegan' and redundancy analysis was used to explore the influence of environmental factors on the bacterial community in the river sediments. Results showed that a significant deviation in bacterial communities was found among seasons and rivers. In addition, seasonal dynamics had a greater impact on shaping bacterial communities than rivers with different pollution sources. A higher diversity was found in the wet season as compared to the other seasons. The bacterial diversity was negatively correlated with nutrients (OM, TN, NH4+, IP, OP and TP) and metals (Cu and Zn). Bacterial communities were more sensitive to heavy metals pressure than nutrients. We also concluded that heavy metals (Cu and Cd) were the key contributing factors in explaining variations in bacterial communities. This study provided a valuable reference for assessing ecological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China; Mining Environmental Restoration and Wetland Ecological Security Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaojun Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China; Mining Environmental Restoration and Wetland Ecological Security Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, China
| | - Qingye Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China; Mining Environmental Restoration and Wetland Ecological Security Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, China.
| | - Yunxiao Ding
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China; Mining Environmental Restoration and Wetland Ecological Security Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, China
| | - Ziwei Ding
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China; Mining Environmental Restoration and Wetland Ecological Security Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, China
| | - Lele Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China; Mining Environmental Restoration and Wetland Ecological Security Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, China
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28
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Munoz G, Budzinski H, Babut M, Lobry J, Selleslagh J, Tapie N, Labadie P. Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances partitioning between surface water, suspended sediment, and biota in a macrotidal estuary. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:319-326. [PMID: 31176133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A one-year monitoring study was conducted in a macrotidal estuary to assess the temporal variations and partitioning behavior of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Surface water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and invertebrates including zooplankton (copepods, mysids) and shrimps were sampled on a monthly basis in the Gironde Estuary (SW France). Environmental parameters such as suspended solid loads, salinity, and river water flow rate were highly variable at the study site. However, moderate seasonal variations were observed in terms of PFAS levels and profiles. Summed PFAS (Σ22PFASs) concentrations averaged 6.5 ± 2.7 ng L-1 in the dissolved phase and 3.0 ± 1.2 ng g-1 dry weight in the SPM. The Σ22PFASs was in the range of 1.7-13 ng g-1 wet weight in invertebrates. C5-C8 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) generally prevailed in the dissolved phase, while perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was dominant in the SPM and biota. Suspended sediment-water partitioning coefficients Log KD and Log KOC were correlated with the perfluoroalkyl chain length, as were the particle-bound fraction and bioaccumulation factors (Log BAF). Compound-specific Log BAFs varied within a limited range over the period surveyed. Biomagnification factors (mysids/copepods) were consistently >1 for PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonamide, and long-chain PFCAs (perfluorodecanoate and perfluorododecanoate), suggesting biomagnification at the base of the estuarine food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Munoz
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Marc Babut
- Irstea, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 Avenue de la Doua, CS20244, 69625, Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Tapie
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Pierre Labadie
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, 33400, Talence, France.
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29
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Zhang F, Yu Q, Yang L. Watershed scale patterns in steroid hormones composition and content characters at a typical eutrophic lake in southeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6107-6115. [PMID: 30617890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural steroid hormones in the aquatic environment have attracted increasing attention because of their strong endocrine disrupting potency. Seven steroid hormones (estrone, 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, estriol, testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone) were analyzed from surface water and sediment sampled from Chaohu Lake, its upstream rivers (the Hangbu River, Nanfei River, Shiwuli River, and Pai River), drainage from the adjacent farmland, and treated and untreated municipal sewage. Concentrations of the seven target steroid hormones ranged from below the detection limit (ND) to 69.5 ng L-1 in the water of Chaohu Lake and the upstream rivers. Three steroids-estrone, estriol, and 17α-estradiol-were found in relatively high residual concentrations in the water, with maximum concentrations of 69.5 ng L-1, 51.5 ng L-1, and 23.3 ng L-1, respectively. All of the target steroid hormones except estriol were detected in the sediment in concentrations of ND-16344 ng kg-1. The dominant steroid hormone in the sediment of Chaohu Lake and the upstream rivers was 17α-estradiol. In the Shiwuli River and the Pai River, the dominant steroid hormones (estrone and estriol) were the same as those in the untreated municipal sewage. This confirmed the deduction that untreated municipal sewage was the major source of steroid hormone residues in these two rivers. The main steroid hormone in the water of the Hangbu River and Chaohu Lake was 17α-estradiol, the same as that in the farmland drainage. In addition, 17α-estradiol was verified as the major factor in the contribution of farmland drainage to the pollution in these rivers. The water in the Nanfei River had high concentrations of estriol and 17α-estradiol. This indicates that both untreated municipal sewage and farmland drainage were the major sources. The discharge of steroid hormones from the four rivers to Chaohu Lake was approximately 75.1 kg year-1, with the highest contributor being 17α-estradiol (24 kg year-1). Therefore, based on the results of this study, the farmland drainage should be controlled to reduce the steroid hormone pollution in Chaohu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Qibiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Zhang X, Wang T, Gao L, Feng M, Qin L, Shi J, Cheng D. Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) in surface sediments, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface water of Chaohu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:441-450. [PMID: 29860160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) are typical halogenated aromatic pollutants that have shown various toxicological effects on organisms. However, the contamination status of PCDEs in the fresh water lakes of China remains poorly researched. In this study, the levels of 15 congeners of PCDEs in the sediments, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and water of Chaohu Lake were determined. The results showed that the ranges of concentrations of total PCDEs (ΣPCDEs) in the sediment, SPM and water were 0.279 ng g-1 dry weight (d.w.)-2.474 ng g-1 d.w., 0.331 ng g-1 d.w.-2.013 ng g-1 d.w. and 0.351 ng L-1-2.021 ng L-1, respectively. The most abundant congeners found in sediments, SPM and water were 3,3',4,4'-tetra-CDE, deca-CDE and 2,4,6-tri-CDE, with average contributive ratios of 17.36%, 15.48% and 20.63%, respectively. The medium and higher chlorinated PCDEs (e.g., penta- and deca-CDEs) were the dominant congeners in sediments and SPM. The percentages of lower chlorinated PCDEs (e.g., tri-CDEs) in the water were higher than those in the sediments. The combined input of ΣPCDEs from the eight main tributaries to Chaohu Lake was estimated at 6.94 kg y-1. Strong linear correlations between the concentrations of ΣPCDEs and organic carbon (OC) contents in three type samples from Chaohu Lake suggested OC could influence the distribution of PCDEs in Chaohu Lake substantially. In addition, the calculated average organic carbon normalized partition coefficients (logKoc) of 15 PCDEs between water and SPM were in the range of 4.55-5.45 mL g-1. This study confirmed that Chaohu Lake is contaminated by PCDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesheng Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Tantan Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Li Qin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Danru Cheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui, Hefei, 230601, China
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