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Kim T, Lee C, Kwon I, Lee J, Park SY, Kim DU, Lee J, Jin G, Yousefzadeh M, Bae H, Yoo Y, Kim JJ, Noh J, Hong S, Kwon BO, Chang WK, Chang GS, Khim JS. Integrated assessment of the natural purification capacity of tidal flat for persistent toxic substances and heavy metals in contaminated sediments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108534. [PMID: 38458115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Natural purification of pollutants is highly recognized as regulating ecosystem services; however, the purification capacity of tidal flats remains largely unknown and/or unquantified. A 60-day mesocosm transplant experiment was conducted in situ to assess the purification capacity of natural tidal flats. We adopted the advanced sediment quality triad approach, monitoring 10 endpoints, including chemical reduction, toxicity changes, and community recoveries. The results indicated that contaminated sediments rapidly recovered over time, particularly > 50% within a day, then slowly recovered up to ∼ 70% in a given period (60 days). A significant early reduction of parent pollutants was evidenced across all treatments, primarily due to active bacterial decomposition. Notably, the presence of benthic fauna and vegetated halophytes in the treatments significantly enhanced the purification of pollutants in both efficacy and efficiency. A forecast linear modeling further suggested additive effects of biota on the natural purification of tidal flats, reducing a full recovery time from 500 to 300 days. Overall, the triad approach with machine learning practices successfully demonstrated quantitative insight into the integrated assessment of natural purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inha Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghyun Lee
- Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin Yeong Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-U Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gayoung Jin
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mehdi Yousefzadeh
- School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hanna Bae
- GeoSystem Research Corporation, Gunpo 15807, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeonjae Yoo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsung Noh
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Keun Chang
- Korea Maritime Institute, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gap Soo Chang
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E2, Canada.
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Lee HJ, Jang YL, Jeong H, Jeong DY, Kim GB. Techniques for monitoring bioavailable organic pollutants in sediment: Application of poly(methyl methacrylate) as a passive sampler. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114271. [PMID: 36330937 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) passive sampler was applied to harbor sediment to examine whether the substrate could be used as a tool to measure freely dissolved concentrations of contaminants. An ex situ method required at least 1 g of PMMA to detect freely dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment with <100 ng/g dry weight. Two weeks were sufficient to reach equilibrium under 180 rpm for PAHs with a molar volume of <250 cm3/mol. For the in situ method, a deployment time of four months was sufficient to measure PAHs with a molar volume up to 250 cm3/mol in the sediment bed. The PMMA passive sampler could be used to measure the bioavailable fraction of PAHs in porewater, reflecting the complex properties of sediment with strong sorption such as black carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Lee
- Marine Environmental Impact Assessment Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Lee Jang
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejin Jeong
- Korean Seas Geosystem Research Unit, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeong Jeong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beum Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; College of Marine Science, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea.
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Lee J, Hong S, Kim T, Park SY, Cha J, Kim Y, Gwak J, Lee S, Moon HB, Hu W, Wang T, Giesy JP, Khim JS. Identification of AhR agonists in sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas using advanced effect-directed analysis and in silico prediction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128908. [PMID: 35500338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists were identified in coastal sediments in the Yellow and Bohai Seas by use of a combination of effect-directed analysis (EDA) and in silico prediction. A total of 125 sediments were screened for AhR-mediated potencies using H4IIE-luc bioassay. Great potencies were observed in organic extracts, mid-polar fraction (F2), and subfractions of F2 (F2.6-F2.9) of sediments collected from Nantong, Qinhuangdao, and Yancheng. Less than 15% AhR potencies could be explained by detected dioxin-like PAHs. Full-scan screening analysis was conducted for the more potent fractions using GC-QTOFMS to investigate the presence of unmonitored AhR agonists. A five-step prioritization strategy was applied; 92 candidate compounds satisfied all criteria. Among these chemicals, thirteen were evaluated for AhR efficacy. Six compounds; benz[b]anthracene, 6-methylchrysene, 2-methylbenz[a]anthracene, 1-methylbenz[a]anthracene, 1,12-dimethylbenzo[c]phenanthrene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]fluoranthene, exhibited significant AhR-mediated efficacies. 1,12-dimethylbenzo[c]phenanthrene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]fluoranthene were identified as novel AhR agonists. Potency balance analysis showed that the six newly identified AhR agonists explained 0.4-100% of the total AhR-mediated potencies determined. Overall, combining EDA and in silico prediction applied in this study demonstrated the benefits of assessing the potential toxic effects of previously unidentified AhR agonists in sediments from the coasts of China and Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yeong Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Cha
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnam Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Gwak
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B3, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kim T, Lee C, Lee J, Bae H, Noh J, Hong S, Kwon BO, Kim JJ, Yim UH, Chang GS, Giesy JP, Khim JS. Best available technique for the recovery of marine benthic communities in a gravel shore after the oil spill: A mesocosm-based sediment triad assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128945. [PMID: 35500340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological effects of spilled oils are well documented, but study of recovery of marine benthic communities is limited. Long-term recovery of hard bottom communities during physical and biological remediations after a spill was monitored. A 60-day experiment was conducted using a mesocosm with monitoring of eight endpoints by use of the sediment quality triad (SQT). First, physical treatment of hot water + high pressure flushing maximally removed residual oils (max=93%), showing the greatest recovery among SQT variables (mean=72%). Physical cleanup generally involved adverse effects such as depression of the microphytobenthic community during the initial period. Next, biological treatments, such as fertilizer, emulsifier, enzyme and augmentation of the microbes, all facilitated removal of oil (max=66%) enhancing ecological recovery. Analysis of the microbiome confirmed that oil-degrading bacteria, such as Dietzia sp. and Rosevarius sp. were present. A mixed bioremediation, including fertilizer + multi-enzyme + microbes (FMeM) maximized efficacy of remediation as indicated by SQT parameters (mean=47%). Natural attenuation with "no treatment" showed comparable recovery to other remediations. Considering economic availability, environmental performance, and technical applicability, of currently available techniques, combined treatments of physical removal via hand wiping followed by FMeM could be most effective for recovery of the rocky shore benthic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Bae
- GeoSystem Research Corporation, Gunpo 15807, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Gap Soo Chang
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E2, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK S7N5B3, Canada; Environmental Sciences Department, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Lee J, Cha J, Yoon SJ, Hong S, Khim JS. Instrumental and bioanalytical characterization of dioxin-like activity in sediments from the Yeongsan River and the Nakdong River estuaries, South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154240. [PMID: 35245540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the contamination status of dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) and potential toxic effects associated with river and coastal sediments from two large estuaries of South Korea. Sediments collected from the Yeongsan River and the Nakdong River estuaries were analyzed for several DLCs, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Greater concentrations of target DLCs (except for PCDDs in Nakdong River) were found in the inland creeks with decreasing trends towards estuarine and coastal areas in both regions. The result indicated that the elevated DLCs were attributable to the surrounding land use activities, such as point sources of industrial and municipal areas from the inland regions. Principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization model revealed that major sources of PCDD/Fs and PAHs in sediments were fly ash and dust, and petroleum and diesel emission, respectively. The dioxin-like activities of the sediments ranged from 0.98 to 88% of the maximal induction elicited by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, which generally explained the sedimentary contamination by the target DLCs. Dioxin-like activity in sediments from the artificial lake and inland creek of the Nakdong River Estuary was mostly explained by the targeted DLCs (~75%). However, the contribution of known DLCs from the sediments of the Yeongsan River Estuary was relatively low (~35%) compared to that of the Nakdong River Estuary, suggesting the presence of unknown DLCs in sediments. Overall, the distribution of DLCs quite varied by region, generally reflecting the difference in the surrounding land use activity. In the future, it is needed to study the distribution, sources, and potential ecological effects of unknown toxic substances in coastal sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Cha
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Lee J, Khim JS. Revisited a sediment quality triad approach in the Korean coastal waters: Past research, current status, and future directions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118262. [PMID: 34601033 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive review of the sediment quality triad (SQT) assessment studies in Korea. The bibliographic analysis was applied to evaluate how approaches in sediment assessment have evolved. A meta-analysis was performed, to evaluate potential risks of sedimentary persistent toxic substances (PTSs) reported in Korean coastal waters. Within the framework, we identified and discussed current status and spatiotemporal trends in contamination of both classic and emerging PTSs over the recent decadal period. Out of 26 target regions in Korea, five hotspots (Sihwa, Masan, Ulsan, Taean, and Gwangyang) of concern could be identified. Four of those regions have been designated as Specially-Managed Sea Area under the implementation of Total Pollution Load Management System in Korea, except for Taean coast (oil spill site). Meantime, we could identify three stepwise research phases based on a bibliographic analysis; Phase 1 (1995-2008), Phase 2 (2009-2015), and Phase 3 (2016-2020). It is noteworthy that a technical evolution of the SQT assessment by the phase was featured. It was also evidenced that in-depth studies adopting multiple lines of evidence (LOEs) became prevailed upon approaching Phase 3. In a quantitative manner, the toxicity explanatory power of target PTSs increased by about 10% in Phase 3 compared to the earlier phases. The meta-analysis using ratio-to-mean value method applied for the data set having all three LOEs indicated general improvement of sediment qualities in the hotspots. However, their associations quite varied across regions and years, reflecting a dynamicity in oceanographic settings and/or heterogeneity in toxicological effect or benthic community response. At present, SQT assessment adopting the increased LOEs generally supports better assessment. In conclusion, we suggest that future SQT studies globally should reaffirm the utility of the "multiple LOEs approach", focusing on the identification and management of causative toxicants that driving negative ecological impacts on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Yoon SJ, Hong S, Kim HG, Lee J, Kim T, Kwon BO, Kim J, Ryu J, Khim JS. Macrozoobenthic community responses to sedimentary contaminations by anthropogenic toxic substances in the Geum River Estuary, South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142938. [PMID: 33138998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the sedimentary pollution by persistent toxic substances (PTSs) and their potential impacts on the macrobenthic faunal community in the Geum River Estuary, South Korea. Sediment and benthic macrofauna samples were collected from eight sites every two months during the period of February to December in 2015. Target PTSs encompassed metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn), one metalloid (As), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and alkylphenols (APs). The significant difference to the environment of the inner and outer parts of the estuary (p < 0.05) was found with relatively high concentrations of PTSs in sediment from the inner estuary. The concentrations of Cu and Zn exceeded the sediment quality guidelines of Korea representing a potential risk to aquatic organisms. The primary source of PAHs was by-products of diesel and gasoline combustion (37%), followed by a coke oven (32%) and oil-burning (31%). The macrofaunal community was spatially distinguished between the inner and outer parts of the estuary (p < 0.05), regardless of the season. In the inner part of the estuary, the density of the macrofaunal community was high, due to the increased opportunistic species and/or some indicator species (organic polluted or enrichment), implying that the given environment was disturbed. Among the environmental parameters analyzed by the distance-based linear model (DistLM), salinity, chlorophyll-a, and nutrient concentrations were found to be key factors controlling the changes in macrofaunal community structure. Such changes in the closed estuary system would indicate that each taxonomic group had to adjust to lower salinities and alternative food sources. Overall, the distribution of PTSs and macrozoobenthic communities in the Geum River Estuary collectively reflected the environmental gradients caused by surrounding activities in the inner part of the estuary together with direct effects by the irregular inflow of freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gi Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Kim
- Water & Eco-Bio Co., Ltd., Jungboo Building, Miryong-dong, Kunsan 54156, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Ganghwagun, Incheon 23038, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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An Y, Hong S, Yoon SJ, Cha J, Shin KH, Khim JS. Current contamination status of traditional and emerging persistent toxic substances in the sediments of Ulsan Bay, South Korea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111560. [PMID: 32841802 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Contamination status of traditional and emerging persistent toxic substances (PTSs) in sediments and their major sources were investigated in Ulsan Bay, Korea. A total of 47 PTSs, including 15 traditional PAHs, ten styrene oligomers (SOs), six alkylphenols (APs), and 16 emerging PAHs (E-PAHs) were analyzed. Concentrations of traditional PAHs, SOs, and APs ranged from 35 to 1300 ng g-1 dry weight (dw), 30 to 3800 ng g-1 dw, and 30 to 430 ng g-1 dw, respectively. For the last 20 years, PTSs contamination in the bay area has been improved. However, 12 E-PAHs were widely detected in sediments, with a maximum of 240 ng g-1 dw (for benzo[e]pyrene) at the creek site. These E-PAHs seemed to originate from surrounding activities, such as biomass combustion, mobile sources, and diesel combustion. Due to environmental concerns for E-PAHs, further research on the potential toxicity, distribution, and behavior of these compounds should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonyoung An
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Cha
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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An Y, Hong S, Kim Y, Kim M, Choi B, Won EJ, Shin KH. Trophic transfer of persistent toxic substances through a coastal food web in Ulsan Bay, South Korea: Application of compound-specific isotope analysis of nitrogen in amino acids. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115160. [PMID: 32682185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trophic magnification factor (TMF) of persistent toxic substances (PTSs: Hg, PCBs, PAHs, and styrene oligomers (SOs)) in a coastal food web (12 fish and four invertebrates) was determined in Ulsan Bay, South Korea. The nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15N) of amino acids [δ15NGlu-Phe based on glutamic acid (δ15NGlu) and phenylalanine (δ15NPhe)] were used to estimate the trophic position (TPGlu-Phe) of organisms. The TPGlu-Phe of organisms ranged from 1.64 to 3.69, which was lower than TP estimated by δ15N of bulk particulate organic matter (TPBulk: 2.46-4.21). Mercury and CB 138, 153, 187, and 180 were biomagnified through the whole food web (TMF > 1), while other PTSs, such as PAHs and SOs were not (biodilution of SOs firstly reported). In particular, the trophic transfer of PTSs was pronounced in the resident fish (e.g., rock bream, sea perch, Korean rockfish). Of note, CB 99, 101, 118, and 183 were additionally found to be biomagnifying PTSs in these species. Thus, fish residency appears to represent an important factor in determining the TMF of PTSs in the coastal environment. Overall, δ15NGlu-Phe provided accurate TPs of organisms and could be applied to determine the trophic transfer of PTSs in coastal food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonyoung An
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngnam Kim
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mungi Kim
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyung Choi
- Department of Marine Sciences & Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Marine Sciences & Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences & Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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Lee AH, Lee J, Noh J, Lee C, Hong S, Kwon BO, Kim JJ, Khim JS. Characteristics of long-term changes in microbial communities from contaminated sediments along the west coast of South Korea: Ecological assessment with eDNA and physicochemical analyses. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111592. [PMID: 32927183 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding was applied to assess benthic ecological health in the west coast of South Korea by investigating a long-term microbial community change (2015-17). The ecological interaction among microorganisms, from phylum to family level, and their associations to environmental variables across the five regions were highlighted. As part of the study, the available chemistry and toxicological data in the regions during the monitoring periods were incorporated into an integrated sediment triad assessment. The bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria (34.2%), Bacteroidetes (13.8%), and Firmicutes (10.8%). Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated consistently across regions and years, while Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria significantly varied by region and years (p < 0.05). The abundance of this phylum declined over time with the increasing abundance of Cyanobacteria, indicating their independent interactions to certain environmental changes. Planctomycetes and Gemmatimonadetes linked to some contaminants (ΣPAHs and Cu), implying indicator taxa. Overall, eDNA-based microbial community analysis combined with exposures of contaminants and responses of microorganisms is a promising strategy for the assessment of benthic ecological health in contaminated sediments from coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslan Hwanhwi Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kim T, Noh J, Kwon BO, Lee C, Kim B, Kwon I, Hong S, Chang GS, Chang WK, Nam J, Khim JS. Natural purification capacity of tidal flats for organic matters and nutrients: A mesocosm study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111046. [PMID: 32319891 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The regulating services by natural tidal flats to purify organic pollutants are increasingly recognized, but a quantitative assessment is very limited. We developed a mesocosm system to determine removal efficiency of organic matters and nutrients by simulating a natural tidal condition. The tidal flat sediments significantly removed waterborne organic pollutants to background levels in ~2 and 6-7 days for COD and TP, respectively. This rapid removal of organic matters by natural sediments could be attributed to the microbe community degrading the corresponding pollutants. Temporal trend and degree of removal rates for COD and TP were similar between the bare tidal flat and the salt marsh. Meantime, the salt marsh environment removed waterborne DIP much quickly and also efficiently, implying a high affinity of halophytes on dissolved organic matters. Of note, sedimentary organic sink prevailed in defaunated condition under the smaller bioturbation effect. A mini-review on the purification capacity of natural and/or constructed coastal wetlands generally supported a high efficiency of vegetation to remove various sources of organic matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomgi Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inha Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Gap Soo Chang
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Won Keun Chang
- Korea Maritime Institute, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Nam
- Korea Maritime Institute, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Lee J, Hong S, Kim T, Lee C, An SA, Kwon BO, Lee S, Moon HB, Giesy JP, Khim JS. Multiple Bioassays and Targeted and Nontargeted Analyses to Characterize Potential Toxicological Effects Associated with Sediments of Masan Bay: Focusing on AhR-Mediated Potency. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4443-4454. [PMID: 32167753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An enhanced, multiple lines of evidence approach was applied to assess potential toxicological effects associated with polluted sediments. Two in vitro bioassays (H4IIE-luc and Vibrio fischeri) and three in vivo bioassays (microalgae: Isochrysis galbana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum; zebrafish embryo: Danio rerio) were applied. To identify causative chemicals in samples, targeted analyses (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), styrene oligomers (SOs), and alkylphenols) and nontargeted full-scan screening analyses (FSA; GC- and LC-QTOFMS) were performed. First, great AhR-mediated potencies were observed in midpolar and polar fractions of sediment extracts, but known and previously characterized AhR agonists, including PAHs and SOs could not fully explain the total potencies of samples. Enoxolone was identified as a novel AhR agonist in a highly potent sediment fraction by use of FSA. Enoxolone has a relative potency of 0.13 compared to benzo[a]pyrene (1.0) in the H4IIE-luc bioassay. Nonylphenols associated with membrane damage that influenced the viability of the microalgae were also observed. Finally, inhibitions of bioluminescence of V. fischeri and lethality of D. rerio embryos were strongly related to nonpolar compounds. Overall, the present work addressed assay- and end point-specific variations and sensitivities for potential toxicities of mixture samples, warranting a significant utility of the "multiple lines of evidence" approach in ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ah An
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
- Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Yoon SJ, Hong S, Kim S, Lee J, Kim T, Kim B, Kwon BO, Zhou Y, Shi B, Liu P, Hu W, Huang B, Wang T, Khim JS. Large-scale monitoring and ecological risk assessment of persistent toxic substances in riverine, estuarine, and coastal sediments of the Yellow and Bohai seas. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105517. [PMID: 32018133 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow and Bohai seas comprise one of the most rapidly developing regions in the world, but efforts to assess coastal pollution by persistent toxic substances (PTSs) on wide spatial scale are lacking. The present study aimed to (1) measure the concentrations of PTSs, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols (APs), and styrene oligomers (SOs) via large-scale sediment monitoring (total of 125 locations), (2) assess potential ecological risk of PTSs in sediments to coastal ecosystems, (3) estimate various sources and fresh inputs of PTSs, (4) determine distribution patterns of PTSs by human activities and land-use type, and (5) address decadal (2008-2018) changes in distributions of PTSs. The high concentrations of PAHs [> 7000 ng g-1 dry weight (dw)] in sediments were detected in Nantong in the Yellow Sea of China (YSC) and Huludao and Qinhuangdao in the Bohai Sea (BS), whereas lesser concentrations (< 200 ng g-1 dw) were detected in the Yellow Sea of Korea (YSK). We found relatively high concentrations of sedimentary APs and SOs in Nantong, Huludao, and Qinhuangdao from the YSC and BS regions, but corresponding concentrations were generally below < 100 ng g-1 dw in other locations. Concentrations of PAHs at 38 locations (30% of YSC and BS) posed a potential risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas relatively low risk concentrations occurred in all locations of YSK. The main source of PAHs (concentrated in YSC and BS) were by-products of diesel and gasoline combustion (42% of total concentration), whereas biomass combustion (24%) dominated in YSK. Fresh inputs of PTSs indicated that the generation and use of PTSs continue across all regions and locations. Among PTSs, concentrations of PAHs were significantly associated with location (p < 0.05) relative to land-use within a given region, whereas concentrations of APs and SOs showed no significant relationships (p > 0.05) among or within regions. Over time, concentrations of PAHs have generally declined, but sediment contamination has increased at some locations in China, with sources shifting from a mixture of PAHs types to those linked to diesel and gasoline combustion. Additional studies are needed on the fate and potential ecological risk posed by certain PTSs in hotspots. This is one of the first efforts providing backgrounds on PTS pollution in the large marine ecosystem of the Yellow and Bohai seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seonju Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Beomgi Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunqiao Zhou
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Bin Shi
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Biao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tieyu Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Lee AH, Lee J, Hong S, Kwon BO, Xie Y, Giesy JP, Zhang X, Khim JS. Integrated assessment of west coast of South Korea by use of benthic bacterial community structure as determined by eDNA, concentrations of contaminants, and in vitro bioassays. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105569. [PMID: 32078869 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, contamination of sediments by persistent toxic substances (PTSs) has been observed in estuarine and coastal areas on the west coast of South Korea. The contaminants are suspected to cause toxicities in aquatic biota, but little is known about their ecological effects, particularly on benthic microbial communities. In this study, an eDNA-based assessment was applied along with classic assessments of exposure, such as chemistry and in vitro bioassays, to evaluate condition of benthic bacterial communities subjected to PTSs. Two strategies were adopted for the study. One was to conduct a comprehensive assessment in space (by comparing seawater and freshwater sites at five coastal regions) and in time (by following change over a 5-y period). Although we found that bacterial composition varied among and within years, some phyla, such as Proteobacteria (28.7%), Actinobacteria (13.1%), Firmicutes (12.7%), and Chloroflexi (12.5%) were consistently dominated across the study regions. Certain bacterial groups, such as Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia have been linked to contamination at some sites in the study area and at specific points in time. Bacterial communities were not significantly correlated with salinity or AhR- and ER-mediated potencies, whereas concentrations of PAHs, APs, and certain metals (Cd and Hg) exhibited significant associations to the structure of bacterial communities at the phylum level. In fact, the relative abundance of microbes in the phylum Planctomycetes was significantly and negatively correlated with concentrations of PAHs and metals. Thus, the relative abundance of Planctomycetes could be used as an indicator of sedimentary contamination by PAHs and/or metals. Based on our correlation analyses, Cd and ER-mediated potencies were associated more with bacterial abundances at the class taxonomic level than were other PTSs and metals. Overall, the eDNA-based assessment was useful by augmenting more traditional measures of exposure and responses in a sediment triad approach and has potential as a more rapid screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslan Hwanhwi Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yuwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210003, China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210003, China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210003, China.
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Lee J, Kim T, Yoon SJ, Kim S, Lee AH, Kwon BO, Allam AA, Al-Khedhairy AA, Lee H, Kim JJ, Hong S, Khim JS. Multiple evaluation of the potential toxic effects of sediments and biota collected from an oil-polluted area around Abu Ali Island, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109547. [PMID: 31408817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
After the Gulf War Oil Spill, there have been many investigations about distributions of oil-derived pollutants nearby areas, but lacking in ecotoxicological assessment. We evaluated the potential toxicity of asphalt mats, sediments, and biota (polychaetes, chitons, snapping shrimps, and crabs) by combining two bioassays (H4IIE-luc and Vibrio fischeri) and in situ microbial community (eDNA). Samples were collected from Abu Ali Island, and organic extracts were bioassayed and further fractionated according to the chemical polarity using silica gel column. Great aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated potencies and inhibition of bioluminescence were mainly found in aromatics (F2) and saturates (F1) fractions of asphalt mat and sediments, respectively, while great toxicological responses in biota samples were found in resins and polar (F3) fraction. We also confirmed that potential toxicities of biota were species-specific; great AhR-mediated potencies were found in polychaetes and great bioluminescence inhibitions were found in crabs. In microbial communities, most genera (up to 90%) were associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-degrading bacteria, supporting that PAHs are the primary stressors of the benthic community around Abu Ali Island. The present study provides useful information on the contamination status, risk assessment of environmental matrices and benthic organisms in Abu Ali Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonju Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aslan Hwanhwi Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang X, You J, Khim JS, Wang T. Coastal ecosystem in East Asia: Pollution and management. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:990-992. [PMID: 31003780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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17
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Leonard JA. Supporting systems science through in silico applications: A focus on informing metabolic mechanisms. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Yoon SJ, Hong S, Kim T, Lee J, Kwon BO, Allam AA, Al-Khedhairy AA, Khim JS. Occurrence and bioaccumulation of persistent toxic substances in sediments and biota from intertidal zone of Abu Ali Island, Arabian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 144:243-252. [PMID: 31179994 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
North Abu Ali Island is contaminated by crude oil from exogenous sources with a variety of persistent toxic substances (PTSs) being input into intertidal sediments. We detected an array of PTSs in sediments and benthic biota off north Abu Ali Island (Arabian Gulf), including 35 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 6 alkylphenols (APEOs), 10 styrene oligomers (SOs), and tributyltin. The PTS concentrations were generally greater than those reported in other areas of Arabian Gulf. PAHs mainly originated from petrogenic sources, and APEOs and SOs seem to be of recent origin. Field-based biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) varied by taxa and compounds, but clearly depended on the log Kow values of individual compounds. Some PTSs exceeded the established guidelines for sediments and biota; we found particularly great BSAFs for alkyl-naphthalenes (C1- and C2-), nonylphenol monoethoxylates, and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene. Remediation will require on-site clean-up of toxic chemicals together with immediate efforts on preventing input of current pollution sources in the given area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Hong S, Lee Y, Yoon SJ, Lee J, Kang S, Won EJ, Hur J, Khim JS, Shin KH. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures linked to anthropogenic toxic substances pollution in a highly industrialized area of South Korea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 144:152-159. [PMID: 31179982 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sources of organic matter in a polluted coastal embayment (Lake Sihwa) indicated that δ13C and δ15N of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments could be distinguished by land-use type and surrounding activities. Specifically, low δ15N occurred in inland creeks near industrial complex, where severe contamination by persistent toxic substances (PTSs) is evidenced. To identify the sources of 15N-depleted organic matter and PTSs, the SPM and/or sediments were collected along ~8 km of the Singil Creek and in stormwater drainage pipes that carried pollutants to the creeks from upland areas. Results indicated that stormwater originating in industrial areas was the main source of low δ15N and elevated PTSs, which appeared to flow into stormwater drains with rainwater and eventually into the creeks at stormwater outfalls. To improve the water quality of inland creeks, it will be necessary to reduce the amount of untreated stormwater entering stormwater drainage system from industrial complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjung Lee
- Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kang
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
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González-Acevedo ZI, García-Zarate MA, Flores-Lugo IP. Emerging contaminants and nutrients in a saline aquifer of a complex environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:885-897. [PMID: 30469283 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The quality and availability of water has become a pressing issue worldwide, being particularly important in semi-arid regions, where climate change has aggravated the problem. The use of anthropogenic chemicals, classified as emerging pollutants, adds to the problem representing a treat, since they are not regulated and have a potential impact on human and environmental health. This pressing problem has not been studied widely in complex environments like the one we present here. Distribution and seasonal variability of fecal sterols, alkylphenols, pesticides (emerging pollutants) and nutrients were determined in 35 wells used for agriculture and human consumption in the Valley of Maneadero, located in the semi-arid region of Baja California, Mexico. The presence of the tested pollutants in the saline aquifer was heterogeneous, showing important differences in concentration and distribution. Wells destined for household use showed the highest variability. In these wells, anthropogenic fecal sterols were detected and, alkylphenols, such as octyphenol and nonylphenol had maximum concentrations (2.7 ng/mL). In agriculture and urban wells, we identified DDT and organochlorine pesticides, as well as myclobutanil, which is considered a modern pesticide. Nitrates were identified in concentrations above international standards, mainly during the dry season, in both the agricultural and urban areas. As emerging pollutants represent a negative effect on environmental and human health, this is the first paper showing the importance of measuring this type of pollutant in agricultural/semi-urban areas, especially in aquifers that have been overexploited and communities that have relied on the use of septic tanks for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayre I González-Acevedo
- Geology Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, B. C. Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Zona Playitas, C. P, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Marco A García-Zarate
- Applied Physics Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, B. C. Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Zona Playitas, C. P, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - I Pamela Flores-Lugo
- Postgraduate Program on Environmental Geosciences, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, B. C. Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Zona Playitas, C. P, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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Khim JS, Park J, Song SJ, Yoon SJ, Noh J, Hong S, Kwon BO, Ryu J, Zhang X, Wang T, Lu Y, Giesy JP. Chemical-, site-, and taxa-dependent benthic community health in coastal areas of the Bohai Sea and northern Yellow Sea: A sediment quality triad approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:743-752. [PMID: 30031332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate benthic ecological quality associated with coastal pollution in the Bohai Sea and northern Yellow Sea, a sediment quality triad (SQT) approach was applied. Chemical (six groups of persistent toxic substances (PTSs) and 8 metals and metalloids), toxicological (AhR-mediated potency), and ecological (bacterial and meiofaunal communities) elements were selected and used in an integrated sediment assessment. The benthic meiofaunal community was newly analyzed and used as an additional component of the infaunal community during the SQT. Concentrations of chemicals and potential toxicity in sediments both indicated moderate to severe pollution in the study area, characterized by site-specific and land-uses. In particular, As, DDTs, and bioassay-derived dioxin equivalents exceeded corresponding sediment quality guidelines at nearly all locations. Limited occurrences of meiofaunal taxa (mean = 5.2) and relatively low species diversity, mainly comprised of nematodes (75.3%) and copepods (14.6%), among locations was generally consistent with pollution. The benthic community was consistent with compound-specific responses to gradients of contamination, particularly for As. Densities of two taxa, Nematoda and Nemertea exhibited strong negative correlations with concentrations of As. Compound-, site-, and taxa-specific variability of pollution of sediments was further supported by results of cluster analysis (CA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Finally, assessment integrating five benthic quality elements, including: 1) PTSs; 2) metals and metalloids; 3) sediment toxicity; 4) sediment microbiome; and 5) benthic meiofaunal community, explained contamination of sediments associated with land-uses, locality, or habitat. Status of the benthic community could not be explained by single component and their associations were not quantitative. Results of the integrated assessment, considering multiple benthic quality elements were useful to address overall quality of sediment, and were consistent with chemical-, species-, or site-dependent pollution of sediments in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinsoon Park
- Department of Ocean Science, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Song
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Ganghwagun, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Lab of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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