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Alghamdi MA, Hassan SK, Shetaya WH, Al Sharif MY, Nawab J, Khoder MI. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor mosques dust in Saudi Arabia: Levels, source apportionment, human health and carcinogenic risk assessment for congregators. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174331. [PMID: 38945247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Mosques are important places for Muslims where they perform their prayers. The congregators are exposed to hazardous pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with dust. However, studies on PAHs exposure in religious places are scarce. Air-condition filter (ACF) dust can correspond to air quality to a certain extent, since dust particles derived from indoor and outdoor places stick to it. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the 16 EPA PAHs in ACF dust from mosques to determine their levels, profiles, sources and risks. Average Σ16 PAHs concentrations were 1039, 1527, 2284 and 5208 ng/g in AC filter dust from mosques in residential (RM), suburban (SM), urban (UM) and car repair workshop (CRWM), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Based on the molecular diagnostic PAH ratios, PAHs in mosques dust is emitted from local incomplete fuel combustion, as well as complete fossil fuels combustion sources (pyrogenic), petroleum spills, crude and fuel oil, traffic emissions, and other possible sources of industrial emissions in different functional areas. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) values for children and adults across the different types of mosques follow the order: CRWM > UM > SM > RM. ILCRs values for both children and adults were found in order: dermal contact > ingestion > inhalation. The cancer risk levels via ingestion for children were relatively higher than the adults. The values of cancer risk for children and adults via dermal contact and ingestion (except in RM) were categorized in the 'potentially high risk' category (> 10-4). The mean values of total cancer risks (CR) for children (5.74 × 10-3) and adults (5.07 × 10-3) in mosques also exceeded the accepted threat value (>10-4). Finally, it is recommended that regular and frequent monitoring of PAHs should be carried out in mosques to improve the quality and maintain the health of congregators around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour A Alghamdi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salwa K Hassan
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Behooth Str., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Waleed H Shetaya
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Behooth Str., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Marwan Y Al Sharif
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Mamdouh I Khoder
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Behooth Str., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Khoshakhlagh AH, Ghobakhloo S, Peijnenburg WJGM, Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Cicchella D. To breathe or not to breathe: Inhalational exposure to heavy metals and related health risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172556. [PMID: 38679085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This study reviewed scientific literature on inhalation exposure to heavy metals (HMs) in various indoor and outdoor environments and related carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. A systematic search in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases yielded 712 results and 43 articles met the requirements of the Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PECO) criteria. Results revealed that HM concentrations in most households exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values, indicating moderate pollution and dominant anthropogenic emission sources of HMs. In the analyzed schools, universities, and offices low to moderate levels of air pollution with HMs were revealed, while in commercial environments high levels of air pollution were stated. The non-carcinogenic risk due to inhalation HM exposure exceeded the acceptable level of 1 in households, cafes, hospitals, restaurants, and metros. The carcinogenic risk for As and Cr in households, for Cd, Cr, Ni, As, and Co in educational environments, for Pb, Cd, Cr, and Co in offices and commercial environments, and for Ni in metros exceeded the acceptable level of 1 × 10-4. Carcinogenic risk was revealed to be higher indoors than outdoors. This review advocates for fast and effective actions to reduce HM exposure for safer breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Safiye Ghobakhloo
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden 2300RA, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven 3720BA, the Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- AGH University of Krakow; Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Domenico Cicchella
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Kumar S, Islam R, Saha MK, Khan MHR, Alam MR, Mia S. Metal(loid) contamination in Bangladesh: a comprehensive synthesis in different landscapes with ecological and health implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40958-40975. [PMID: 38839739 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Elevated metal(loid) concentrations in soil and foodstuffs is a significant global issue for many densely populated countries like Bangladesh, necessitating reliable estimation for sustainable management. Therefore, a comprehensive data synthesis from the published literature might help to provide a wholistic view of metal(loid) contamination in different areas in Bangladesh. This study provided a clearer view of metal(loid) contamination status and their associated ecological and health risks in different land use and ecosystems in Bangladesh. Comprehensive analyses were performed on data gathered from 143 published articles using multiple statistical techniques including meta-analysis. Considering the potential loading of metal(loid), the data were summarized under various groups, including coastal, rural, urban and industrial regions. Also, the concentrations of seven metal(loid)s, e.g., cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As) in soil, sediment, cereal, vegetable, fruit, surface water and groundwater were included. Results showed that the relative concentrations of metal(loid)s in comparison to the maximum permissible limit (MPL) were mostly less than one, although they varied significantly for locations and individual metal(loid). However, the normalized cumulative relative concentrations over the MPL for all seven metal(loid)s across different environmental samples were 4.75, 2.97, 1.51 and 2.79 for coastal, industrial, rural and urban areas, respectively, which was due to the higher concentration of Cd, Cr and Cu. Similar to the metal(loid) concentrations, the average of cumulative median non-cancer risks for all metal(loid)s was in the order of industrial (6.46) > urban (4.05) > rural (3.83) > coastal (2.41). This research outcome will provide a foundation for future research on metal(loid)s and will help in pertinent policy-making by the relevant authorities in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazal Kumar
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Rafiquel Islam
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Milton Kumar Saha
- Department of Disaster Risk Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hafijur Rahaman Khan
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 1000049, China
| | - Md Rushna Alam
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Shamim Mia
- Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2015, Australia.
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Wang J, Wang J, Liu Z, Yan R. Concentration, speciation and risk effects of multiple environmentally sensitive trace elements in respirable fine-grained fly ash. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133387. [PMID: 38198872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Respirable fine-grained fly ash (RFA) is captured very inefficiently by existing air purification devices of power plant, leading to increasing concerns regarding their migration and subsequent interaction with body due to fine particle size and its complex toxic composition. Trace elements of RFA in three groups with five different sizes between 8-13 µm were analyzed in terms of available concentration, speciation and risk effects. The concentration, pollution level and ecological risk level of elements in RFA were related to particle sizes. Chronic non-carcinogenic effect risk (NER) and carcinogenic effect risk (CER) were negatively correlated with particle size. The individual weight of exposed subjects, corresponding trace elements concentration and ingestion rate in RFA were three significant variables influencing CER. NER and CER had a tenfold exaggerated effect when calculated using total element concentration of RFA. In addition to individual differences and exposure conditions, trace element properties, speciation and available concentration were the dominant factor responsible for ecological and environmental effects of trace elements in RFA, following the order As>Ni, Mn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Zn. Results of this work highlight the effects and differences of trace elements in RFA on ecology and health, and provide a basis for further pollution control and human health warning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Environment and Resources College, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Rd., Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, No. 92 Wucheng Rd, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Junxiu Wang
- Environment and Resources College, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Rd., Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Shanxi Open University, No. 109 Qianfeng North Rd, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Environment and Resources College, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Rd., Taiyuan 030006, China
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Khajooee N, Modabberi S, Khoshmanesh Zadeh B, Razavian F, Gayà-Caro N, Sierra J, Rovira J. Contamination level, spatial distribution, and sources of potentially toxic elements in indoor settled household dusts in Tehran, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:56. [PMID: 38270787 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Tehran, the capital city of Iran, has been facing air pollution for several decades due to rapid urbanization, population growth, improper vehicle use, and the low quality of fuels. In this study, 31 indoor dust samples were collected passively from residential and commercial buildings located in the central and densely populated districts of the city. These samples were analyzed after preparation to measure the concentration of elements (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V, Zn). Statistical data analyses were employed to compare their relationship across various uses, variations, and for source identification. Geochemical indices of contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) were utilized to evaluate the degree of contamination. The mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Pb (938, 206, and 176 µg g-1, respectively) are 6, 5, and 3 times higher than their mean values in worldwide urban soils. Additionally, Cd, Mo, and Ni showed concentrations about 1.5 times higher, while As, Co, Cr, Mn, and Sr fell within the range of reference soils. Be, V, and Sb displayed remarkably lower mean values. Building use did not significantly influence element levels in indoor deposited dust except for Pb and Zn. A comparison of indoor concentrations with previously published data for outdoor dusts revealed higher enrichments of Mo, Cu, Pb, and Ni, while As, Cd, and Zn showed lower enrichments in street dust samples. The order of CF values indicated Hg > Zn > Cd > Pb > Cu > As > Ni > Cr > Co > V. For Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu, all or almost all samples exhibited very high contamination. PLI values were consistently higher than 1, indicating contamination in all samples. Multivariate statistical analysis and Tehran's specific geological location suggested that mafic-intermediate volcanic rocks are primary sources for Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni (PC1). As, Pb, and V (PC2) were attributed to fossil fuel combustion in vehicles and residential buildings. Pb is a legacy metal remaining from the use of leaded gasoline, which was phased out in the 1990s. Zn (PC3) is derived from vehicle tires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Khajooee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Modabberi
- School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behnoush Khoshmanesh Zadeh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Razavian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nuria Gayà-Caro
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII s/n Avenue, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Paisos Catalans Avenue 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Buljovčić M, Živančev J, Antić I, Đurišić-Mladenović N. Heavy elements in indoor dust from Serbian households: pollution status, sources, and potential health risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:50-60. [PMID: 36170597 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2128077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of five heavy elements (HEs) was analyzed in indoor dust (n = 45) in households from four settlements in Vojvodina Province, Serbia. Overall medians (mg/kg) of Pb (5.6), Ni (5.2), Cu (27), and Cr (6.8) were below soil background values, while median for Cd (1.1) exceeded it. Pollution load index showed that the households' microenvironment in examined region might be regarded as unpolluted. Integrated pollution index revealed low contamination by Pb, Ni, and Cr, but high with Cu and Cd. Source apportionment by principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization suggested two possible sources: outdoor pollution and household materials. Hazard index was below safe limit (<1), indicating no adverse non-carcinogenic health effects. Estimated total carcinogenic risk for children and adult population was not negligible. Results indicated that attention should be paid to the presence of HE in indoors to conduct effective control measures and to ensure the health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Buljovčić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Živančev
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Igor Antić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Wang Y, Xu J, Liu G. Characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in dust of a waste printed circuit board recycling workshop, China. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22216-22225. [PMID: 37492512 PMCID: PMC10363715 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03164k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical separation is the most widely used technology concerning waste printed circuit board (WPCB) recycling in practical terms. The dust generated from the process poses a significant environmental and human health risk. Amounts of heavy metals in dust present in each processing zone of the workshop showed differences. However, to date, few studies have reported this. The mean metal concentrations in workshop dust from different processing zones were investigated in this study and it was found that Zn, Pb, and Sn appeared in higher levels than other metals, followed by Mn > Cr > Ni > V > As > Cd. The enrichment factors (EFs) ranged from 1.15 to 207.4, and decreased in the order of Cu > Sn > Pb > Zn > Cd > Cr > Ni > V > As, which was exactly consistent with the geo-accumulation index values. The comparison of the EF values of workshop dust in and outside showed that the EFs in workshop dust were mostly smaller. Metals in the dust of the crushing zone (CrZ) showed significant and strong enrichment. The non-carcinogenic risk for different processing zones was all less than 1, which is recognized safety for people's health. The total carcinogenic risk from Cr, and Ni in all zones and As in the CrZ exposure was not negligible. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks in the CrZ were significantly higher than in the other zones. Masks to filter dust, a ventilation system, daily work hours reduction, and automation improvement was proposed for reducing workers' exposure to heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China +86-551-63621485 +86-551-63603714
- Solid Waste Management Center of Anhui Province Hefei Anhui 230061 China
| | - Jingru Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China +86-551-63621485 +86-551-63603714
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China +86-551-63621485 +86-551-63603714
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Yu B, Lu X, Wang L, Liang T, Fan X, Yang Y, Lei K, Zuo L, Fan P, Bolan N, Rinklebe J. Potentially toxic elements in surface fine dust of residence communities in valley industrial cities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121523. [PMID: 37003587 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of content, pollution characteristics, health hazard, distribution, and source of some broadly concerned potentially toxic elements (PTEs, Pb, V, Mn, Cr, Ba, Zn, Ni, and Cu) in surface fine dust with particle size <63 μm (SFD63) from residence communities in Xi'an, a representative valley industrial city, was conducted in this research to analyze the quality of environment and influencing factors of valley industrial cities in China. The average contents of Ba (794.1 mg kg-1), Cu (61.3 mg kg-1), Pb (99.9 mg kg-1), Zn (408.1 mg kg-1), Cr (110.0 mg kg-1), and Ni (33.4 mg kg-1) in SFD63 of Xi'an residence communities surpassed their background contents of local soil. The high enrichment-value regions of PTEs were chiefly located in the regions with high traffic flow, high population density, and areas around industries. Zn and Pb had moderate enrichment, and the overall pollution level of PTEs was unpolluted-to-moderate and moderate pollution. Three source categories (including natural geogenic source, industrial anthropogenic source, and mixed anthropogenic source of transportation, residential activities, and construction) were identified as the predominant sources for the PTEs pollution in SFD63, with the contribution levels of 29.9%, 32.4%, and 37.7%, respectively. The assessment of health risks according to Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the 95% of the non-cancer risk of PTEs to residents (the elderly, working people, and children) was less than the threshold of 1, while the probability of cancer risk exceeding the acceptable threshold of 1E-6 was 93.76% for children, 68.61% for the elderly, and 67.54% for working people. Industrial source was determined as priority pollution source and Cr was determined as priority pollutant, which should be concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinyao Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Kai Lei
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
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Shen M, Liu G, Zhou L, Yin H, Arif M. Comparison of pollution status and source apportionment for PCBs and OCPs of indoor dust from an industrial city. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2473-2494. [PMID: 36006579 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the pollution status of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was investigated in indoor and outdoor dust from three different functional areas of Hefei, China. The relationship between the concentrations of PCBs and OCPs and different influencing factors in dwellings was studied. The results showed that the concentrations of PCBs and OCPs were higher in samples from dwellings with higher smoking frequency, lower cleaning frequency, higher floors and smaller household size. The results of Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis indicated that PCBs and OCPs were not consistently associated with each other, while sources of low-chlorinated PCBs and high-chlorinated PCBs were different. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the shape of indoor dust was a mixture of blocky, flocculated, spherical structures, and irregular shapes. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization model (PMF) showed that the PCBs and OCPs of indoor dust came from both indoor and outdoor sources between local and regional transport. Carbon (δ13C) and Nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope results indicate or show that the indoor dust (δ13C: - 24.37‰, δ15N: 6.88‰) and outdoor dust (δ13C: - 12.65‰, δ15N: 2.558‰) is derived from fossil fuel, coal combustion, road dust, fly ash, C4 biomass and soil. Potential source contribution factor (PSCF) and concentration weighted-trajectory analysis suggest that sources of pollutants were local and regional transport from surrounding provinces and marine emissions. The average daily dose (adult: 8.20E-04, children: 2.37E-03) of pollutants and the carcinogenic risks (adult: 1.23E-02, children: 2.65E-02) were relatively greater for children than adults. This study demonstrates the utility of SEM to characterize indoor dust morphology while combining PMF, PSCF, and stable isotope methods in identifying indoor PCBs and OCPs sources and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
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Dietrich AM, Yao W, Gohlke JM, Gallagher DL. Environmental risks from consumer products: Acceptable drinking water quality can produce unacceptable indoor air quality with ultrasonic humidifier use. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158787. [PMID: 36116655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The commonly used consumer product of an ultrasonic humidifier (e.g., cool mist humidifier) emits fine particles containing metals from tap water used to fill the humidifier. The objectives are: 1) predict emitted indoor air inhalable metal concentrations produced by an ultrasonic humidifier filled with tap-water containing As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Pb in 33 m3 or 72 m3 rooms with varying air exchange rates; 2) calculate daily ingestion and 8-h inhalation average daily dose (ADD) and hazard quotient (HQ) for adults and children (aged 0.25-6 yr); and 3) quantify deposition in respiratory tract via multi-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model. Mass concentrations of indoor air metals increase proportionally with aqueous metal concentrations in fill water, and are inversely related to ventilation. Inhalation-ADDs are 2 magnitudes lower than ingestion-ADDs, using identical water quality for ingestion and fill-water. However, in the 33 m3, low 0.2/h ventilated room, inhalation-HQs are >1 for children and adults, except for Pb. HQ inhalation risks exceed ingestion risks at drinking water regulated levels for As, Cd, Cr, and Mn. MPPD shows greater dose deposits in lungs of children than adults, and 3 times greater deposited doses in a 33 m3 vs 72 m3 room. Rethinking health effects of drinking water and consumer products to broaden consideration of multiple exposure routes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Dietrich
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Wenchuo Yao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Julia M Gohlke
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Daniel L Gallagher
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Rabin MH, Wang Q, Kabir MH, Wang W. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements of fine street dust during COVID-19 lockdown in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4323-4345. [PMID: 35971052 PMCID: PMC9377810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Bangladesh government took the measure like partial lockdown (PL) and complete lockdown (CL) to curb the spread. These measures gave a chance for environmental restoration. In this study, street dust samples were collected during PL and CL from four main urban land use categories in Dhaka city, such as industrial area (IA), commercial area (CA), public facilities area (PFA), and residential area (RA). Ten potentially toxic elements (Cr, Mn, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, As, and Cd) in fine street dust particles (diameter < 20 μm) were determined following aqua-regia digestion and measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to evaluate distribution, pollution sources, and potential risks to ecological systems and human health. Results showed that during PL, the concentrations of toxic elements in the dust were higher than that of CL. Cd and Fe were lowest and highest in concentration with 1.56 to 41,970 µg/g and 0.82 to 39,330 µg/g in partial and complete lockdown period respectively. All toxic elements were detected at high levels above background values where Fe with the highest and Cd with lowest concentrations, respectively. By land use, the levels of toxic elements pollution followed IA > PFA > RA > CA. Correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that the sources of these analyzed toxic elements were mainly from anthropogenic which are related to industrial and vehicular or traffic emissions. Enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI) also suggested that the dust was more polluted during PL. Exposure of toxic elements to human was mainly via skin contact followed by ingestion and inhalation. Hazard quotient (HQ) values were < 1 except for Mn through dermal contact at all sites during partial and complete lockdown, similar to hazard index (HI), while Cr further showed high non-carcinogenic risks to children. Generally, children HI values were about 5-6 times higher than those of adults, suggesting a greater vulnerability of children to the health concerns caused by toxic elements in street dust. Carcinogenic risk (CR) values via ingestion pathway indicated all elements (except Pb) had significant health effect, while CR value by inhalation results showed no significant health effect. Cumulative carcinogenic risk (CCR) value had significant health effect except Pb in all land use categories. CCR values decreased during CL and reached at acceptable limit for most of the cases. This research provides a message to the local governments and environmental authorities to have a complete assessment of toxic elements in the street dust of Dhaka megacity in order to assuring public health safety and ecological sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mominul Haque Rabin
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Qingyue Wang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Weiqian Wang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
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Estimation of Pollution Levels and Assessment of Human Health Risks from Potentially Toxic Metals in Road Dust in Mymensingh City of Bangladesh. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of toxic metals pollution in road dust in Mymensingh city, Bangladesh and its impact on the health risk of human exposure to toxic metals, is inadequate. A comprehensive investigation was conducted in different land use areas, i.e., commercial areas (CA), medically facilitated areas (MFA), residential areas (RA), and park areas (PA), to determine levels of Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese), Ni (nickel), Co (cobalt), Cu (copper), Zn (zinc), As (arsenic), Cd (cadmium), and Pb (lead) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). We planned to use different pollution indices, such as the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), ecological risk (Er), pollution load index (PLI), and enrichment factor (EF), to measure the level of contamination in the road dust of Mymensingh City. The average concentration (mg/kg) ranges of toxic metals in the road dust at different land use areas of Mymensingh City were: Cr (40.8–85.5), Mn (370.7–589.2), Co (6.2–8.7), Ni (22.7–34.2), Cu (29.5–72.2), Zn (236.2–467.1), As (4.9–6.29), Cd (0.32–1.07), and Pb (27.4–81.7), respectively. The CF and PLI results showed that the road dust in these zones was contaminated with toxic metals. The indicator Igeo revealed that CA was found to be ‘moderately to heavily contaminated’ ranked with Zn and Cd. Calculation of EF indicated that Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were highly enriched, while others were moderately enriched. According to the Cdeg findings, CA, MFA, and RA have very high degrees of contamination (Cdeg ≥ 24), while PA was classified as having a considerable degree of contamination (12 ≤ Cdeg < 24). The Er index showed that only Cd posed a ‘medium potential ecological risk’ to a ‘high ecological potential risk’ in road dust. The most common route of exposure was ingestion. The study indicated that the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) in CA, MFA, RA, and PA were less than one for children and adults, which were at a noncarcinogenic risk. The only exception was for children exposed to manganese (HI > 1) in all land use areas. In the research area, no significant carcinogenic health risk was observed for Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb.
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Chen H, Zhan C, Liu S, Zhang J, Liu H, Liu Z, Liu T, Liu X, Xiao W. Pollution Characteristics and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Street Dust from a Typical Industrial Zone in Wuhan City, Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710970. [PMID: 36078702 PMCID: PMC9518381 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the pollution levels, sources, and human health risks of heavy metals in street dust from a typical industrial district in Wuhan City, Central China. In total, 47 street dust samples were collected from the major traffic arteries and streets around Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Company (WISC) in Qingshan District, Wuhan. The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cd) in street dust were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results indicated that the mean concentrations of Zn (249.71 mg/kg), Cu (51.15 mg/kg), and Cd (0.86 mg/kg) in street dust were higher than their corresponding soil background values in Hubei Province. Heavy metal enrichment is closely related to urban transportation and industrial production. The pollution level of heavy metals in street dust was assessed using the geo-accumulation method (Igeo) and potential ecological risk assessment (PERI). Based on the Igeo value, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni showed no pollution, Zn and Cu showed light to moderate contamination, and Cd showed moderate contamination. The PERI values of heavy metals in street dust ranged between 76.70 and 7027.28, which represents a medium to high potential ecological risk. Principal component analysis showed that the sources of heavy metals in street dust were mainly influenced by anthropogenic activities. Among the studied metals, Cu, Cr, Zn, Fe, and Mn mainly come from industrial processes, while Ni and Cd come from traffic exhaust. The non-carcinogenic risk indexes of heavy metals for children and adults are ranked as Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd > Zn. The health risks to children through the different exposure pathways are higher than those for adults. Hand-to-mouth intake is the riskiest exposure pathway for non-carcinogenic risk. In addition, Cr, Ni, and Cd do not pose a carcinogenic risk for the residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Changlin Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Jiaquan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Ziguo Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Xianli Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Wensheng Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
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14
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Zhou L, Liu G, Shen M, Liu Y. Potential ecological and health risks of heavy metals for indoor and corresponding outdoor dust in Hefei, Central China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134864. [PMID: 35537633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The harm caused by indoor dust has received increasing attention in recent years. However, current studies have ignored comparisons with the corresponding outdoor dust. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of heavy metals in indoor and corresponding outdoor dust and the ecological and health risks they pose in Hefei, Central China. We analyzed O/I (outdoor/indoor concentration ratios) values, background comparison, and correlation analysis (heavy metal concentrations vs. particle size) and found that Cu, Zn, and Cd mainly existed in indoor sources, while V, Co, and As mainly existed in outdoor sources, and both family sizes and floor number influenced the variation of O/I. Through a new potential ecological risk assessment method, we determined that Cd risk levels in indoor and outdoor dust were extreme and high to extreme, respectively. Additionally, the carcinogenic risks of Ni, As, and Cr were not negligible. The risk of indoor dust was higher than that of outdoor dust for the heavy metals studied, implying a poor indoor environment. Notably, indoor dust from families with smaller sizes, lower floors, and smokers had higher ecological and carcinogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Mengchen Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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Gad A, Saleh A, Farhat HI, Dawood YH, Abd El Bakey SM. Spatial Distribution, Contamination Levels, and Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Household Dust in Cairo City, Egypt. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080466. [PMID: 36006146 PMCID: PMC9414935 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Urban areas’ pollution, which is owing to rapid urbanization and industrialization, is one of the most critical issues in densely populated cities such as Cairo. The concentrations and the spatial distribution of fourteen potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in household dust were investigated in Cairo City, Egypt. PTE exposure and human health risk were assessed using the USEPA’s exposure model and guidelines. The levels of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn surpassed the background values. Contamination factor index revealed that contamination levels are in the sequence Cd > Hg > Zn > Pb > Cu > As > Mo > Ni > Cr > Co > V > Mn > Fe > Al. The degree of contamination ranges from considerably to very high pollution. Elevated PTE concentrations in Cairo’s household dust may be due to heavy traffic emissions and industrial activities. The calculated noncarcinogenic risk for adults falls within the safe limit, while those for children exceed that limit in some sites. Cairo residents are at cancer risk owing to prolonged exposure to the indoor dust in their homes. A quick and targeted plan must be implemented to mitigate these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gad
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ahmed Saleh
- National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Cairo 11421, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Hassan I. Farhat
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, El Salam City 43518, Egypt
| | - Yehia H. Dawood
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Sahar M. Abd El Bakey
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11341, Egypt
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16
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Wu D, Liu H, Wu J, Gao X, Nyasha NK, Cai G, Zhang W. Bi-Directional Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil and Crops in Wanjiang Economic Zone, Anhui Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9669. [PMID: 35955041 PMCID: PMC9368329 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the extent of contamination, sources and various carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with different heavy metals in soil-crop systems is crucial for the prevention of heavy metal pollution. A survey was undertaken to determine heavy metal concentrations and degree of pollution in soil-crop systems (rice, wheat, and corn) using various indices such as pollution factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment coefficients and transfer coefficient, and to determine the source of heavy metals pollution in the Wanjiang Economic Zone, Anhui Province, China. A total of 308 pairs of soil-crop samples were collected in this study, comprising 245 pairs of soil-rice samples, 53 pairs of soil-wheat samples, and 10 pairs of soil-corn samples. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) in the soil of the study area exceeded the national limitation of heavy metals in the soil of China (GB 15618-2018, Soil Environmental Quality: Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land. Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. Beijing. China). The concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) were also above the national limits to a lesser extent. All eight heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb Zn, arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg)) exceeded the background values in the study area. The enrichment coefficients of rice, wheat and maize to Cd, Cu and Zn were higher than those to other elements. On the basis of Igeo, it can be indicated that the rhizosphere soil of rice was slightly polluted by Cd and Hg, while the concentrations of the other heavy metals were below the safety limits. The CF and pollution load index (PLI) indicated that the soil in the study area was heavily contaminated with heavy metals. A principal component analysis identified different sources of soil heavy metal pollution, that is, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd from industrial sources, Cr and Ni from natural sources, and As and Hg from agricultural sources. The carcinogenic risk of heavy metals was related to the intake of crops. Residents in the study area ingest rice, wheat, and corn on a daily basis. On the basis this study, it is suggested that local governments should pay attention to the carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Public Geological Survey Management Center in Anhui Province, Hefei 230091, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xia Gao
- School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ndhlovu kataza Nyasha
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Guojun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenyong Zhang
- Exploration Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Bureau of Coal Geology, Hefei 230088, China
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Abdulraheem MO, Adeniran JA, Ameen HA, Odediran ET, Yusuf MNO, Abdulraheem KA. Source identification and health risk assessments of heavy metals in indoor dusts of Ilorin, North central Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:315-330. [PMID: 35669800 PMCID: PMC9163253 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exposure to heavy metals (HMs) in indoor dusts is a serious public concern that is linked to a myriad of deleterious health outcomes. The objectives of this study are to estimate the contamination levels of HMs in indoor dusts of different residential areas in Ilorin, Nigeria; identify HMs sources in different residential areas; and evaluate human health risks of HMs in selected residential areas. METHODS Indoor dust sampling was conducted in ten randomly selected from low, medium and high population density residential areas of Ilorin, Nigeria. Ten HMs concentration levels, their health risk implication and the associated potential ecological risks were evaluated. RESULTS The mean concentration levels measured for Fe, Pb, Zn, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Cd, Mn and Ni were 38.99, 5.74, 3.99, 0.08, 2.82, 2.13, 0.47, 0.60, 6.45 and 1.09 mg/kg, respectively. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was applied to ascertain sources of HMs in sampled indoor dust. Percentage contribution from oil-based cooking (29.82%) and transportation (29.77%) represented the highest source to HM concentrations among the six factors identified. The results of the various pollution indices employed showed that Pb, Zn, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni contributed moderately to HMs concentration levels in the sampled dusts. Cd had highest potential ecological risk factor E r i of between 160 and 320. The average values of Enrichment Factors (EFs) obtained aside from Fe used as the reference metal, ranged between 8.46 (As) and 2521.61(Cd). Health risk assessment results revealed that children are the most susceptible to the risks associated with HMs bound indoor dust than the adults. The percentage risk contributions of Hazard Quotient via ingestion route (HQing) in Hazard Index (HI) for non-cancer risk of indoor HMs were 93.17% and 69.87% in children and adults, respectively. Likewise, the percentage cancer risks contribution through ingestion pathway (CRing) were higher than cancer risks through inhalation and dermal pathways (CRinh and CRdermal), accounting for 99.84% and 97.04% of lifetime cancer risk in children and adults, respectively. The contamination level of Cd recorded is of great concern and signifies very strong contribution from anthropogenic sources. CONCLUSION This study has further revealed the levels of HMs in typical African residential settings that could be used by relevant stakeholders and policy makers in developing lasting control measures. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00778-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamiu Adetayo Adeniran
- Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Hafsat Abolore Ameen
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Toluwalope Odediran
- Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad-Najeeb O. Yusuf
- Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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18
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Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Mercury Exposure via Indoor and Outdoor Household Dust in Three Iranian Cities. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to increase our current knowledge on the concentration of particulate-bound mercury (PBM) in urban environments of three Iranian cities, where high concentrations of dust particles can act as carriers for mercury transport and deposition. A total of 172 dust samples were collected from Ahvaz, Asaluyeh, and Zabol residential houses and in outdoor air and were analyzed for total mercury content. Ahvaz is a highly industrialized city with large metallurgical plants, refineries, and major oil-related activities, which were assumed to contribute to elevated contents of PBM in this city. Very high levels of Hg contamination in Ahvaz indoor dust samples were calculated (Contamination Factor: CF > 6). Sampling sites in Asaluyeh are influenced by Hg emissions from the South Pars Gas Field. However, the results revealed a relatively lower concentration of PBM in Asaluyeh, with a low-to-moderate level of Hg contamination. This is likely ascribed to the lower content of total mercury in hydrocarbon gases than crude oil, in addition to the absence of metal smelting plants in this city compared to Ahvaz. Zabol, as a city devoid of industrial activity, presented the lowest levels of PBM concentration and contamination. Indoor dust in Ahvaz showed considerable potential to cause a non-carcinogenic health risk for children, mainly through the inhalation of PBM, while the health risk for other cities was below safe limits. The trend of health risk was found in the order of indoor > outdoor and children > adults in all studied cities.
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19
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Li Q, Zhang L, Ji W, Chang Z, Chong R, Li D, Li J. Feasibility of using ammonium iron (II) sulphate to passivate hexavalent chromium in polluted soil. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:1522-1531. [PMID: 33086947 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1841305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe use of ammonium iron (II) sulphate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2) to remediate soil contaminated with Cr (VI) was assessed. (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 effectively remediated soil contaminated with Cr (VI) and, acted as a fertilizer by supplying nitrogen because it contains ammonium. The effects of the (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 dose, water content, pH of the soil and the contact time were investigated. The amount of Cr (VI) leached from the most-polluted soil, determined using a leaching toxicity procedure using optimized conditions, was 347.64 mg kg-1 when the soil was untreated and 6.74 mg kg-1 when the soil was treated with (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2. Bio-utilizable Cr contributed 59.44% and 0.16% of the total Cr contents of the untreated and treated soil, respectively. The relatively stable Cr species contributed 24.92% and 98.38% of the total Cr contents of the untreated and treated soil, respectively. The results indicated that adding (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 markedly decreased the risk of Cr being released from heavily contaminated soil by decreasing the availability of Cr in the soil. Overall, the results indicated that adding (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 causes some Cr (VI) in contaminated soil to be reduced to Cr (III), and to form a precipitate, which decreases the risk of Cr being released. (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 can be applied to soil contaminated with Cr (VI) on a large scale because it is cheap and simple to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Li
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixian Chang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Pollution, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Chong
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Deliang Li
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
- School of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
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20
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Dong C, Liu J, Harvey P, Yan C. Characteristics and sources of Pb exposure via household dust from the urban area of Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:151984. [PMID: 34871683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Household dust has been considered as an important pathway for children's environmental Pb exposure. Shanghai was one of the first cities in China that removed Pb from petrol and has been shown in our previous study to have the lowest childhood blood Pb levels in China. This study therefore examines household dust Pb (PbHD) in Shanghai in order to determine the extent and exposure risks of PbHD. Household vacuum cleaner dust samples (n = 40) were collected and analyzed for total Pb concentration, bio-accessible Pb concentration and Pb isotopic compositions (PbIC). The mean concentration of PbHD was 195 mg/kg, which is between 7 and 10 times the Pb concentration of background soil samples from Shanghai. Among the investigated homes, those living in neighborhoods with lower average estate prices have higher dust Pb exposure risks for children. Bio-accessibility of Pb in household dust ranged between 53 and 91%, with a mean value of 71%. Analysis of PbIC of household dust samples (208Pb/206Pb: 2.1096 ± 0.0054; 207Pb/206Pb: 0.8648 ± 0.0025) are a close match to PbIC of coal combustion and solid waste incineration and fit well with those of outdoor air PbIC and urban surface soil PbIC of Shanghai. The study shows that children living in Shanghai are subject to PbHD exposure, with children living in the homes with lower average price having increased susceptibility to PbHD exposure. The data indicate that PbHD is derived primarily from contemporary coal combustion and solid waste incineration rather than common legacy Pb sources (e.g., Pb petrol and paint). Practices including closing doors and windows on days with poor air quality or high wind and preventing shoe wearing inside homes will aid in minimizing outdoor surface soil and ambient particulate intrusion indoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyin Dong
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
| | - Junxia Liu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Paul Harvey
- Environmental Science Solutions, Sydney, Australia; Biami Scientific Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chonghuai Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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21
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Jooybari SA, Peyrowan H, Rezaee P, Gholami H. Evaluation of pollution indices, health hazards and source identification of heavy metal in dust particles and storm trajectory simulation using HYSPLIT model (Case study: Hendijan center dust, southwest of Iran). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:107. [PMID: 35044541 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric dust is one of the most recent environmental pollutions in Iran. This study examines the concentration of heavy metals and the assessment of environmental and human health risk in the dust samples of Hendijan region as one of the most important centers of wind erosion in the southwestern of Iran. ICP-MSS analysis was performed on 18 samples of fine dust to specify the concentration of heavy metals. Studies showed that the highest concentrations of metals in these fine dust samples belong to Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, As, Pb and Cd, respectively. Examining fine dust's pollution assessment showed that the highest enrichment and geo-accumulation index belong to As, Ni and Cr metals. Environmental risk assessment shows the low environmental risk of these fine dusts. The hazard quotient in children and adults belongs to Cr, As and Ni, respectively. Human health risk assessment also showed that the highest absorption of metals in both children and adults is through ingestion. The non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals of dust samples in children is about 9 times more than adults. The highest risk of cancer in the adult group belongs to Ni metal and in the group of children belongs to As and Ni metal. PCA analysis showed that As, Cu, Cd, Cr and Ni are of anthropogenic origin and Zn and Pb are of geogenic origin. The source of the dust phenomenon with the HYSPLIT model and the backward method indicates the tracking of this dust mass through Iraq, and its probable origin was assessed in the centers of northern Iraq and southeastern Syria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamidreza Peyrowan
- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Payman Rezaee
- Department of Geology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Gholami
- Department of Natural Resources Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
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22
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Zhou J, Liu G, Zhang H, Liu K, Arif M. Pollution characterization and source identification of nitrogen-containing species in fine particulates: A case study in Hefei city, East China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131316. [PMID: 34265707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To identify the nitrogen sources in atmospheric particulate matter, the stable isotope technique has been proven as an effective method. In this study, PM2.5 samples at different pollution levels were collected from March 2018 to February 2019 in Hefei to analyze and compare the chemical composition. The results showed that the concentrations of PM2.5, total nitrogen (TN) and nitrogenous species, as well as the total nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) increased with the aggravation of pollution. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N, 54%) was the dominant nitrogen-containing specie during the whole campaign, followed by nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N, 34%) and organic nitrogen (ON, 12%). The δ15N was positively correlated with NH4+-N/TN but negatively correlated with NO3--N/TN. NH4NO3 and NH4HSO4 were the dominant forms of the secondary inorganic aerosols. In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between the temperature and δ15N. Nitrogen source identification of PM2.5 was conducted using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, δ15N values and Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The results indicated that the contributions of the four main nitrogen sources were obtained and shown in descending order: combustion and industrial emission (42.06%) > secondary aerosols (24.04%) > vehicle exhaust (23.57%) > re-suspended dust (10.33%). The nitrogen aerosols might be mainly influenced by local emissions on normal and slight pollution days, while by both local emissions and transport from other areas on moderate and serious pollution days. Furthermore, nitrogen-containing species in PM2.5 primarily originated from long/medium-distance transportation in two serious pollution events during the entire campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232038, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Keke Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
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23
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Zhu H, Liu X, Xu C, Zhang L, Chen H, Shi F, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang B. The health risk assessment of Heavy Metals (HMs) in road dust based on Monte Carlo simulation and bio-toxicity: a case study in Zhengzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:5135-5156. [PMID: 33847866 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) in road dust pose a significant threat to human health. The analysis of human health risks of HMs is an important theoretical basis for risk screening and management. The chemical forms and characteristics of HMs in road dust were analyzed. Based on the bio-toxicity of the different fractions of the HMs and Monte Carlo, three assessment models, including the health risk assessment based on bio-toxicity, the health risk assessment based on the Monte Carlo simulation, and the health risk assessment based on the Monte Carlo simulation and bio-toxicity, were established. Under the Traditional Model, the non-carcinogenic risks were only harmful to children, while the carcinogenic risks were not harmful to adults and children. Under the M-Traditional Model, the probability of non-carcinogenic risks being harmful to children's health was 83.17%. The probability that carcinogenic risks pose a threat to children's health was 28.61%. Considering the bio-toxicity of HMs in different chemical forms, non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks under the B-Traditional Model were all less than the corresponding critical values, indicating that the HMs in the road dust did no harm to both the adults and children. Based on the MB-Traditional Model, the chance of non-carcinogenic risks being harmful to children's health is 15.43%. Among different HMs, the non-carcinogenic risks of As are highest and the carcinogenic risks of Cr were the highest, so As and Cr should be listed as priority control contamination. MB-Traditional Model established in this study simultaneously considered bio-toxicity and random simulation and obtained more accurate results, which could provide a theoretical basis for risk analysis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Zhu
- College of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- College of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chunhong Xu
- College of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Liangbo Zhang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hanyu Chen
- College of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fan Shi
- College of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongzhi Liu
- College of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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24
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Davis FR, Ali HH, Rosenzweig JA, Vrinceanu D, Maruthi Sridhar BB. Characterization of Chemical and Bacterial Concentrations in Floor Dust Samples in Southeast Texas Households. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312399. [PMID: 34886125 PMCID: PMC8656971 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Indoor dust can be a major source of heavy metals, nutrients, and bacterial contamination in residential environments and may cause serious health problems. The goal of this research is to characterize chemical and bacterial contaminants of indoor, settled house dust in the Houston Metropolitan region. To achieve this, a total of 31 indoor dust samples were collected, along with household survey data, which were subsequently analyzed for elemental and bacterial concentrations. Microscopic and geospatial analysis was conducted to characterize and map potential hotspots of contamination. Interestingly Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations of all 31 indoor dust samples were significantly enriched and exceeded soil background concentrations. Furthermore, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the dust samples were significantly correlated to the enteric bacterial load concentrations. Human health assessment revealed that cancer risk values via ingestion for Cd, Cr, and Ni were greater than the acceptable range. Of our 31 dust sample isolates, three Gram-negative and 16 Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria were identified, capable of causing a wide range of diseases. Our results demonstrate that both chemical and bacterial characterization of indoor dust coupled with spatial mapping is essential to assess and monitor human and ecological health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felica R. Davis
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA; (F.R.D.); (H.H.A.)
| | - Hanan H. Ali
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA; (F.R.D.); (H.H.A.)
| | | | - Daniel Vrinceanu
- Department of Physics, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA;
| | - Balaji Bhaskar Maruthi Sridhar
- Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-348-1930
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25
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Characteristics and Risk Assessment of 16 Metals in Street Dust Collected from a Highway in a Densely Populated Metropolitan Area of Vietnam. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12121548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on investigating the contamination and risk assessment for 16 metals in street dust from Ha Noi highway, Ho Chi Minh City. The results indicated that the concentrations of metals (mg/kg) were found, in decreasing order, to be Ti (676.3 ± 155.4) > Zn (519.2 ± 318.9) > Mn (426.6 ±113.1) > Cu (144.7 ± 61.5) > Cr (81.4 ± 22.6) > Pb (52.2 ± 22.9) > V (35.5 ± 5.6) > Ni (30.9 ± 9.5) > Co (8.3 ± 1.2) > As (8.3 ± 2.5) > Sn (7.0 ± 3.6) > B (5.7 ± 0.9) > Mo (4.1 ± 1.7) > Sb (0.8 ± 0.3) > Cd (0.6 ± 0.2) > Se (0.4 ± 0.1). The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed moderate contamination levels for Pb, Cd, Cu, Sn, Mo, and Zn. The enrichment factor (EF) values revealed moderate levels for Cd, Cu, Mo, and Sn but moderate–severe levels for Zn. The pollution load index of the heavy metals was moderate. The potential ecological risk (207.43) showed a high potential. Notably, 40.7% and 33.5% of the ecological risks were contributed by Zn and Mn, respectively. These findings are expected to provide useful information to decision-makers about environmental quality control strategies.
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26
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Wang HZ, Cai LM, Wang S, Hu GC, Chen LG. A comprehensive exploration on pollution characteristics and health risks of potentially toxic elements in indoor dust from a large Cu smelting area, Central China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57569-57581. [PMID: 34091847 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale smelting activities release large amounts of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in fine particles. These particles floating in the air eventually settle on leaves, roads, and even indoors. In smelting areas, indoor environments are generally considered relatively safe. However, these areas are not taken seriously and need to be assessed. This paper systematically studied pollution characteristics, main sources and health risks of ten potentially toxic elements, PTEs (Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Cd, As, Cr, Pb, and Tl), of dust samples from different indoor environments in smelting areas using various methods. Therefore, this study analyzed dust samples from 35 indoor environments. The enrichment factors showed that the indoor dust samples were extremely enriched by Cd and Cu and significantly enriched by Hg, Pb, As, and Zn. The result of the spatial distribution showed that the high-value PTEs were mainly distributed near the Cu smeltery. Three sources were quantitatively assigned for these PTEs, and they were industrial smelting and traffic activities (44.40%), coal-fired activities (18.11%), and natural existence (37.49%). Based on the calculation of health risk, the value of THI for children was 7.57, indicating a significant non-carcinogenic risk. For carcinogenic risk, the values of TCR for children and adults were 2.91×10-2 and 2.97×10-3, respectively, which were much higher than the acceptable risk value 1×10-4. Combining health risk assessment with source discrimination, we found that the industrial discharges and traffic activities were the most main source of non-cancer and cancer risks. Therefore, smelting activities should be more strictly monitored, and traffic emission management should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Li-Mei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China.
- Center for Environmental Health Research, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Hu
- Center for Environmental Health Research, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, China.
| | - Lai-Guo Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510655, China
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27
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Wang J, Yu J, Gong Y, Wu L, Yu Z, Wang J, Gao R, Liu W. Pollution characteristics, sources and health risk of metals in urban dust from different functional areas in Nanjing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111607. [PMID: 34197818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urban dust is an important medium of potential toxic metal (PTM) pollution that affects human health and the urban ecosystems. A total of 374 fugitive dust samples were collected in Nanjing, a fast-developing city in southern China, including six sub-types of dust (residential district, commercial district, industrial district, traffic district, cultural and educational district, green land). Chemical analysis of eighteen metal elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was carried out to establish the sub-type sources profiles of fine particles for fugitive dust. The results show that these metals (Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, and Pb) are mainly from anthropogenic sources and present a high degree of pollution; Mn, As, and Ba are moderately affected by human activities and present a significant degree of pollution; Ni, Co, Cr, Tl, V, Be, and Ti mainly originate from natural sources and present significant, moderate and minimal degrees of pollution. For the dust types from different functional areas, the differences of enrichment factor (EF) values were relatively small. Metals were highly concentrated in dust from residential, cultural and educational district, which had high density population and would pose higher health risk. In all types of dust, the metals rich in crust (Ti, Mn, Ba, Sr) and the metals (Cu, Zn, Pb) closely connected with city activities were the main components. Factor analysis revealed that there were six main sources of metals in dust collected from Nanjing: industrial activity, building decoration, soil dust, metal smelting, traffic emissions, and brake abrasion. Generally, noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks of metals found in dust are rarely found for children and adults based on health risk assessments. However, the noncarcinogenic risk of Pb in commercial districts for children should be noted because its hazard quotient was higher than the safety threshold level. For the accumulative health risk of eighteen metals, the noncarcinogenic risk values of dust from six functional areas for children were all over the threshold (1.0), whereas below 1.0 for adults. The difference between children and adults was relatively obvious. All accumulative risk values of carcinogenic metals did not exceed the carcinogenic risk threshold of 1 × 10-4, which suggested that no risk prevention measures were needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University), No. 499 Jincheng Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University), No. 499 Jincheng Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Wenwei Liu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University), No. 499 Jincheng Road, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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28
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Dat ND, Nguyen VT, Vo TDH, Bui XT, Bui MH, Nguyen LSP, Nguyen XC, Tran ATK, Nguyen TTA, Ju YR, Huynh TMT, Nguyen DH, Bui HN, Lin C. Contamination, source attribution, and potential health risks of heavy metals in street dust of a metropolitan area in Southern Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50405-50419. [PMID: 33954920 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates distribution, pollution indices, and potential risk assessment for human health and ecology of eight heavy metals in twenty-five street dust samples collected from metropolitan area-Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Results showed that Zn was of the highest concentration (466.4 ± 236.5 mg/kg), followed by Mn (393.9 ± 93.2 mg/kg), Cu (153.7 ± 64.7 mg/kg), Cr (102.4 ± 50.5 mg/kg), Pb (49.6 ± 21.4 mg/kg), Ni (36.2 ± 15.4 mg/kg), Co (7.9 ± 1.9 mg/kg), and Cd (0.5 ± 0.5 mg/kg). The principal component analysis revealed that three sources of heavy metals measured in street dust include vehicular activities (32.38%), mixed source of vehicular and residential activities (26.72%), and mixture of industrial and natural sources (20.23%). The geo-accumulation index values showed levels of non-pollution to moderately pollution for Mn and Co; moderately pollution for Ni; moderately to strongly pollution for Cd, Cr, and Pb; and strongly pollution for Cu and Zn. The potential ecological risk values of all sampling sites were close to the high-risk category. Zn (28.9%), Cu (25.4%), and Mn (24.4%) dominantly contributed to the ecological risk. For non-carcinogenic risk, the hazard quotient values for both children and adults were within a safety level. For carcinogenic risk, the TCRChildren was about 3 times higher than TCRAdults, but still within a tolerable limit (1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-4) of cancer risk. Cr was a major contribution to potential risks in humans. Such studies on heavy metal in street dust are crucial but are still limited in Vietnam/or metropolitan area in Southeast Asia. Therefore, this study can fill the information gap about heavy metal contaminated street dust in a metropolitan area of Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Duy Dat
- Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van-Truc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Manh-Ha Bui
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ly Sy Phu Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Xuan-Cuong Nguyen
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Thi-Kim Tran
- Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Tinh-Au Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Yun-Ru Ju
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, 2, Lienda, Na-Shih Li, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan ROC
| | - Thi-Minh-Trang Huynh
- Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32000, Taiwan ROC
| | - Duy-Hieu Nguyen
- College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, City, 81157, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hiep-Nghia Bui
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dayeh University, 168 University Road, Dacun, Changhua, 51591, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan ROC
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29
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Feng T, Zhang X, Li M, Chen T, Jiao L, Xu Y, Tang H, Zhang T, Li H. Pollution risk estimation of the Cu element in atmospheric sedimentation samples by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with random forest (RF). ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3424-3432. [PMID: 34254607 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00879j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with the random forest (RF) algorithm was proposed to predict three pollution indexes (geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, and potential ecological risk index) of the Cu element in atmospheric sedimentation samples to evaluate the pollution risk. To begin with, the LIBS spectra of 15 atmospheric sedimentation samples from different locations were collected and the copper element was identified using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database. Then, the influence of different spectral pretreatment methods (MSC, WT and D1st) on the predictive performance of the RF was discussed according to the calibration set with the determination coefficient (Rc2) and mean relative error (MREC) as evaluation indexes. Next, in order to obtain a better RF calibration model, a variable importance (VI) measurement was applied to select input variables from LIBS spectral data based on the optimal spectral pretreatment method, and the optimal variable importance threshold was selected as the input variable to establish the RF calibration model. Finally, the predictive performance of the optimal RF calibration model was verified using the prediction set with the determination coefficient (Rp2) and the mean relative error (MREP). The results show that Rp2 of the geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor and potential ecological risk index is up to 0.9971, 0.9919 and 0.9290, respectively, and MREP of the three indexes is 0.0234, 0.1173 and 0.0810, respectively; the average relative standard deviation (RSD) of the prediction set for the three indexes is 2.16%, 5.78% and 0.71%, respectively. Furthermore, it can be inferred that Cu was at levels corresponding to serious pollution primarily because of anthropogenic activities based on the predictive Igeo, Er and RI values. Therefore, LIBS combined with the RF algorithm is a promising means which can achieve fast and simple estimation of the pollution risk degree of Cu in atmospheric sedimentation samples without complicated sample preparation to provide a basis for pollution prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
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Al-Harbi M, Alhajri I, Whalen JK. Characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination from dust collected on household HVAC air filters. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130276. [PMID: 33773312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals associated with airborne particulate matter are detrimental to human health, but risk assessment is difficult due to the technical challenges of determining exposure rates. In houses and other buildings, the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system is equipped with an air filter that captures airborne particulate matter from the indoor air that enters the HVAC system. This study used the air filter dust as a proxy for the heavy metal exposure of children and adults, based on a household study in Kuwait. Air filter dust contained from 12.5 ± 5 mg Co/kg dust to 14 453 ± 5046 mg Fe/kg dust. Houses had high levels of Fe, Al, Zn, and Mn and relatively low concentrations of As and Co. Source apportionment revealed that metals in air filter dust were from natural and anthropogenic sources, including vehicular emissions, fossil fuel combustion, and metals-related industries. The total Hazard Index (HI; Σ exposure routes) for heavy metals was >1 for children and adults. Total cancer risks (TCR; Σ exposure routes) were 5.93 × 10-3 (95% CI: 5.28 × 10-3- 6.59 × 10-3) for children and 5.16 × 10-3 (95% CI: 4.59 × 10-3 - 5.73 × 10-3) for adults. Heavy metals, particularly the Cr and Pb concentrations, contribute to the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks of children and adults in Kuwait households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshari Al-Harbi
- Department of Environmental Technology Management, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Ibrahim Alhajri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Technological Studies, P.O. Box 42325, Shuwaikh, 70654, Kuwait
| | - Joann K Whalen
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
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Rahman MS, Jolly YN, Akter S, Kamal NA, Rahman R, Choudhury TR, Begum BA. Sources of toxic elements in indoor dust sample at export processing zone (EPZ) area: Dhaka, Bangladesh; and their impact on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39540-39557. [PMID: 33759091 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In industrial areas, increased human activities generate high emissions of metals that contaminate the environment, and eventually affect human health. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the sources of toxic elements in indoor dust samples, and to evaluate possible health risks due to expose of human body through dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion. A total 36 indoor dust samples were collected from the windows of twelve (12) industrial buildings, which are facing the main roads in the biggest export process zone (DEPZ) in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The indoor dust samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique for the determination of Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, K, Ca, Ti, Rb, and Sr. This investigation revealed that Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe, and Sr concentrations were slightly higher in various degree than that of the background value in soil recommended by the Chinese Environmental Protection Administration (CEPA). Subsequently, ANOVA (α = 0.05, p < 0.001) test and %RSD values (33% to 168%) showed that the concentrations of these metals were present non-homogeneously in different sampling points. However, statistical analysis and several geochemical indices have been proposed that these heavy metals might be come in indoor dust samples because of anthropogenic events. This investigation also showed that the most-extreme permissible hazard index (HIs) levels known as non-cancer risk for As, Mn, and Zn because of dust exposure in the study area were below than that of the safe limit (HI = 1) but with an exception of Pb (HI = 1.9E+00) for children. On the other hand, the degree of cancer-causing risk linked with exposure to arsenic in indoor dust (i.e., 0.502E-06 to 0.121E-05) falls within the range of threshold values (10-6 to 10-4). Therefore, following USEPA health risk models, it has been suggested that these metals present in indoor dust samples might not have significant impact on causing non-cancer and cancer risk to children and to adult at this moment in the DEPZ area, Bangladesh. However, a continuous monitoring should be needed to assess more accurately the non-cancer and cancer risk to children and adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safiur Rahman
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka (AECD), Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Yeasmin Nahar Jolly
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka (AECD), Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shirin Akter
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka (AECD), Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Noshin Anjum Kamal
- Departmanet of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Rubina Rahman
- Departmanet of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Tasrina Rabia Choudhury
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka (AECD), Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Bilkis Ara Begum
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka (AECD), Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Liu B, Huang F, Yu Y, Li X, He Y, Gao L, Hu X. Heavy Metals in Indoor Dust Across China: Occurrence, Sources and Health Risk Assessment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:67-76. [PMID: 33944965 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence of heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) was investigated in indoor dust samples collected from 33 urban and rural areas in 11 provinces, China. The concentrations of the selected heavy metals were determined by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of Zn (166 mg kg-1), Pb (40.7 mg kg-1), Cr (19.8 mg kg-1), Cu (16.9 mg kg-1), and Cd (2.29 mg kg-1) in indoor dust are in low or moderate levels compared with other countries or regions. Cd was significantly enriched with the highest enrichment factor of 23.7, followed by Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cr, which were all lower than 3. The concentrations of Pb from Northern China (61.4 mg kg-1) were significantly higher than those from Southern China (8.88 mg kg-1). The concentrations of heavy metals in indoor dusts from rural areas were higher than those from urban areas except for Cu. The multivariate analysis of variance revealed that wall cover, fuel types, and air conditioning were dominant factors influencing the levels of heavy metals in indoor dust. Principal component analysis showed that outdoor dust and wall paint were main factors for the high concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cr, accounting for 40.6% of the total contribution; traffic sources contributed to the high levels of Cu and Zn explained 20.6% of the total variance. The hazard indexes of selected heavy metals were less than 1 and carcinogenic risk value of Cr were between 1.01 × 10-6 and 1 × 10-4, indicating minor noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from heavy metals in indoor dust for residents in China. Pb contributed 72.0% and 86.9% to the sum of noncarcinogenic risk values of selected heavy metals for adults and children, respectively. The carcinogenic risk value of Cr was approximately 13-fold higher than that of Cd for both adults and children. Children endured higher risks from heavy metals in indoor dust compared with adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Technology Center Laboratory, Jilin Tobacco Industrial Co. Ltd., Changchun, 130031, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Xuedong Li
- College of Geographical Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Yaowei He
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Lei Gao
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
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Mokarram M, Pourghasemi HR, Coulon F. Investigation of plant contamination to Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cd and its relationship with spectral reflections. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37830-37842. [PMID: 33723782 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the toxicity of the plant to heavy elements (HMs). For this purpose, the estimated daily intake (EDI) parameters of potentially toxic elements (PTE) per kilogram of body weight, target hazard quotient (THQ) for non-carcinogenic disorders, total hazard index (HI), and bioconcentration factor (BCF) are determined in the plant at different stages of growth. In this study, the reaction of the plant to different electromagnetic waves at different stages of growth (DSG) is also investigated, and the relationship between the THQ values and electromagnetic waves is prepared. The results show that Pb has the highest EDI value (5.97), Pb (74.67) and Cd (9.75) have the highest THQ values, and Cd has the highest BCF value (30.44). Also, the results show that HI values are higher than the threshold in the growth (69.98), flowering (71.38), and fruiting (68.06) stages. Results of BCF indicate Pb, and Cd has absorption rate in Capsicum towards. Contaminated Capsicum plants submitted to electromagnetic waves showed a significant relationship between Pb and the b490, and b560 spectra, Cd and Ni the b450 spectrum, and Zn the b460 spectrum. This finding highlights the salience of employing electromagnetic waves in assessing contamination in plants. Put differently, THQ can be estimated using electromagnetic waves without any need for laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mokarram
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Pourghasemi
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
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Zhou L, Liu G, Shen M, Liu Y, Lam PKS. Characteristics of indoor dust in an industrial city: Comparison with outdoor dust and atmospheric particulates. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129952. [PMID: 33601210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a considerable connection between indoor and outdoor environments. However, few studies have explored their intrinsic relationship until now. This study conducted morphologic observation, heavy metal monitoring and isotopes analysis in indoor and outdoor dust, as well as the atmospheric particulates in Hefei. Morphologic analysis demonstrated atmospheric particulates were affected by fly ash and construction, road dust mainly came from automobile exhaust and indoor dust particles were interfered by multiple sources, including the secondary reaction of fly ash. Chemical speciation analysis of heavy metals showed the exchange of heavy metals between atmospheric particulates and indoor dust was dominated by non-residual metals, while the exchange between road dust and indoor dust tended to rely on residual metals. The assessment results of heavy metals in particulates showed that indoor carcinogenic risks were greater than outdoor for children, however, for adults, outdoor carcinogenic risks were greater than indoor. Stable isotopes analysis indicated carbon in the dust outside buildings was derived from flying dust, and atmospheric particulates might derive from vehicle exhaust, or partly from natural gas. While sulfur in atmospheric particulates was derived mainly from coal combustion. The release from indoor activities, especially natural gas exhaust emitted from cooking had a certain impact on atmospheric particulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Mengchen Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Li X, Yu Y, Zheng N, Wang S, Sun S, An Q, Li P, Li Y, Hou S, Song X. Exposure of street sweepers to cadmium, lead, and arsenic in dust based on variable exposure duration in zinc smelting district, Northeast China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129850. [PMID: 33592512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Street dust is an important contributor to heavy metal exposure in street sweepers. In this work, the levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in street dust were evaluated, and the corresponding health implications for street sweepers in the smelting district of Huludao city northeast China were assessed. The contributions of dietary sources and dust to total metal exposure in street sweepers were compared. Because street sweepers are exposed to street dust both during work and nonwork hours, the health risks faced by street sweepers are uncertain. Therefore, variable exposure duration was considered using a deterministic model. A probabilistic risk assessment model was developed to explore the health effects of street dust on street sweepers via Monte Carlo simulation. The various exposure parameters that affect risk were analyzed using sensitivity analysis. The average Cd, Pb, and As levels in the hair of street sweepers were 2.04, 20.12, and 0.52 mg·kg-1, respectively. These values were higher than those for residents (i.e., not street sweepers) of Huludao. Strong correlations were found between the logarithms (base 10) of the Cd, Pb, and As contents in dust and hair (rCd = 0.581, p < 0.01; rPb = 0.428, p < 0.01; rAs = 0.378, p < 0.01; n = 62). Based on analysis using deterministic models, the maximum exposures to Cd and Pb via dust through the alimentary canal were nearly three and six times higher than the dietary exposures, respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicated that exposure duration is an important parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin, China.
| | - Sujing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China
| | - Qirui An
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, China
| | - Yunyang Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin, China
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Zeng Y, Liu J, Li Y, Wang Q, Liu Z, Zeng J. Accumulation and health implications of metals in topsoil of an urban riparian zone adjacent to different functional areas in a subtropical city. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2021; 50:744-755. [PMID: 33729589 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The riparian zone is a river-land ecotone, and its environmental conditions have a significant effect on the river ecosystem and population health. In this study, As, Cu, Cr, Cd, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the topsoils of urban riparian zones in a subtropical city in southeast China were quantitatively estimated by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The geoaccumulation index and health risk evaluation model were adopted to assess the accumulation characteristic and health risk of residents' exposure to metals. Principle component analysis was used to determine the source of metals. The results showed that the mean contents of metals (except Fe) were higher than the soil background value, but none of the metal contents exceeded the mass limit of environmental quality standards. The order of the geoaccumulation index was Cd > Mn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Zn > As > Ni > Fe. The contamination level of Cd was classified as slight, whereas the other metals did not contribute to pollution. The spatial distribution of metals in the riparian zone was compatible with the pattern of functional zones in the adjacent urban areas, where levels of Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Ni were higher in commercial areas, as were Pb and Zn in under-construction land and As in residential and industrial areas. Carcinogenic risks of Cr, As, and Pb were acceptable. The hazard index indicated no significant noncarcinogenic risks from any metals. However, noncarcinogenic risks of metals other than Mn were higher for children than for adults, and the primary exposure route of metal into the human body was ingestion for children and inhalation for adults. Principle component analysis indicated that the primary sources of Cr, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Fe were pedogenic processes and mineral weathering, whereas Zn, As, Pb, and Cd mainly originated from anthropogenic sources, specifically, Zn from transportation emission, Pb from transportation emission and industry waste, As from coal combustion and residential waste, and Cd from pigments/paint used in commercial buildings, urban greening, consumer waste, and transportation emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zeng
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350116
- Key Lab. of Spatial Data Mining & Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab. of Remote Sensing of Soil Erosion, Fuzhou Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350116
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab. of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350117
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350116
| | - Yunqin Li
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350116
| | - Qianfeng Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350116
- Key Lab. of Spatial Data Mining & Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab. of Remote Sensing of Soil Erosion, Fuzhou Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350116
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab. of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350117
| | - Zhanming Liu
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350116
| | - Jingyu Zeng
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350116
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Reddam A, Volz DC. Inhalation of two Prop 65-listed chemicals within vehicles may be associated with increased cancer risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 149:106402. [PMID: 33524670 PMCID: PMC7897270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals are listed on California's Proposition 65 (Prop 65) for their potential to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm, and certain chemicals from this list are often detected within interior vehicle dust and air. Therefore, this study examined the potential risk associated with five Prop 65-listed chemicals detected within vehicle interiors: benzene, formaldehyde, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCIPP). Exposure estimates based on time spent within a vehicle were derived from a meta-analysis of estimated concentrations from the literature. Regulatory levels established by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) were then used to generate percent reference doses (%RfDs) for chemical-specific daily doses as well as determine the probability of risk (exceedance probability) as a function of %RfD for each chemical-specific daily dose. Based on our meta-analysis, benzene and formaldehyde were detected in vehicle interior air whereas DEHP, DBP and TDCIPP were detected in vehicle interior dust. Benzene and formaldehyde were the only two chemicals with an estimated %RfD > 100 across any of the commute times. For commute times of 20 min or longer, the %RfD was > 100 for maximum exposures based on the "maximum allowable daily level" for benzene, and for 95th-percentile exposures based on the "no significant risk level" for benzene and formaldehyde. Furthermore, the probability of exceeding 100% RfD was highest for cancer risks associated with benzene, followed by cancer risks associated with formaldehyde and the risk of reproductive and developmental toxicity associated with benzene. Lastly, within the entire state of California, the percent of commuters with a 10% probability of exceeding cancer risk associated with benzene or formaldehyde exposure was 78% and 63%, respectively. Overall, our study raises concerns about the potential risk associated with inhalation of benzene and formaldehyde for people who spend a significant amount of time in their vehicles, an issue that is especially pertinent to traffic-congested areas where people have longer commutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalekhya Reddam
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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Shi T, Wang Y. Heavy metals in indoor dust: Spatial distribution, influencing factors, and potential health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142367. [PMID: 33032138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Given the large proportion of time that people spend indoors, the potential health risks posed by heavy metals in the indoor environment deserve greater attention. A global-scale assessment of heavy metal contamination in indoor dust was conducted in this study based on >127 articles published between 1985 and 2019. The pollution levels, spatio-temporal variations, sources, bioaccessibilities, influencing factors, and health risks of heavy metals associated with indoor dust were analyzed. Children's blood lead levels (BLLs) were also estimated using the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model. The results indicated that the median concentrations of Cu and Zn in 71.9% and 71.0% of the study sites surpassed the corresponding permissible limits, 100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively; thus, their control should be given priority. Heavy metal concentrations in indoor dust from different areas of the world varied greatly, which was closely associated with the type of local human activities, such as mining, melting, e-waste recycling and Pb-related industries. The bioaccessibilities of some key elements, e.g., Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn, in household dust were high. The levels of heavy metals in indoor dust were mainly affected by a combination of outdoor and indoor sources and related critical factors, and future studies should focus on quantifying the contributions of different sources. Based on the health risk assessment, dust Pb exposure is a major health concern in e-waste recycling areas, which warrants greater attention. 49.8%, 36.8% and 14.4% of study sites showed BLLs exceeding 35 μg/L (threshold limit in Germany), 50 μg/L (threshold limit in the USA), or 100 μg/L (threshold limit in China), respectively. Finally, Pb exposure from indoor dust represents a major contributor to children's blood Pb poisoning in many developing countries. This study details the overall heavy metal contamination status of indoor dust and provides insights for policymakers with respect to pollution prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoran Shi
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Ecology and Environment, Xi'an 710129, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Ecology and Environment, Xi'an 710129, Shaanxi, China.
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Gohain M, Deka P. Trace metals in indoor dust from a university campus in Northeast India: implication for health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:741. [PMID: 33128628 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study reports concentrations of trace metals and the associated health risks in settled dust of different microenvironments of a university in Northeast India. Settled dust samples were collected from the most accessible indoor locations by the students of Tezpur University, a rural-residential university of mid Brahmaputra Valley of Assam. Collected samples were digested in an aqua regia-assisted microwave digestion system and analyzed for iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The highest concentration was obtained for Fe with a mean value of 1353.51 ± 123 mg/kg. Cadmium showed the lowest concentration with a mean value of 0.75 ± 0.57 mg/kg. Cadmium was the highly enriched element followed by Pb, Zn, and Ni. The metals mostly fall in the "extremely high enrichment" category. The study revealed that infiltrated soil or street dust, eroding wall paints, and automotive sources were the main contributing sources of the metals. The calculated Hazard Index (HI) value, 0.39, was lower than the acceptable HI value of 1 indicating no significant non-cancer risk to the students from exposure to these heavy metals at present. The study also found no carcinogenic risk on exposure to the metals present in the indoor dust samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuree Gohain
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Pratibha Deka
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
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Zhang Z, Wu X, Wu Q, Huang X, Zhang J, Fang H. Speciation and accumulation pattern of heavy metals from soil to rice at different growth stages in farmland of southwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:35675-35691. [PMID: 32601861 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Paddy rice, one of the most important food crops in Southeast Asia, is considered a main source of human exposure to heavy metal contamination because it efficiently accumulates heavy metals. In the present study, of Japonica rice grains, straw, roots, leaves, and husks and rhizosphere paddy soils (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth) were collected from Zunyi in northern Guizhou Province, China. The forms of heavy metals, including Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn, in the two soil profiles were investigated using Tessier's five-stage sequential extraction procedure. There was no heavy metal pollution in the study area based on the evaluation of the geo-accumulation index and the potential ecological risk index. Accumulation varied from one area to another, and the highest metal accumulation was found in the order of root > stems > leaves. The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) results revealed that during the grain-filling stage, the rice had high BCF values (> 1) for Cd and Zn. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of ingestion peaked for Cd and reached its minimum level for Zn in not only in adults but also in children. The THQ was ranked as Cd > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn for both adults and children. The hazard index values for adults and children for the five heavy metals were 1.81 × 10-3 and 1.55 × 10-3, respectively, indicating that these metals have little effect on the human body. The lifetime carcinogenic risk values for local adults and children were 4.28 × 10-5 and 5.92 × 10-5, respectively, both of which were within the tolerable to acceptable risk range. In summary, obvious hazards for local adults and children were not observed in this study. Considering the total amount and chemical forms of Cd, it is necessary to notify the appropriate departments about the possible rice contamination caused by Cd in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Zhang
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianliang Wu
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiusheng Wu
- Guiyang municipal Bureau of Ecological and Environment, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianfei Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information Systems of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.
| | - Jiachun Zhang
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.
| | - Hui Fang
- College of agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
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Alsohaimi IH, El-Hashemy MA, Al-Ruwaili AG, Seaf El-Nasr TA, Almuaikel NS. Assessment of Trace Elements in Urban Road Dust of a City in a Border Province Concerning Their Levels, Sources, and Related Health Risks. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:23-38. [PMID: 32342127 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most research studies regarding the contamination of urban road dust (RD) focused on mega cities, but little consideration is given for small cities in border areas. The present work investigated the trace elements content in 16 RD samples of particle size < 63 μm at six areas with different anthropogenic activities in Sakaka city, KSA. The trace elements were analyzed using XRF and ICP-MS. Significantly high trace elements concentrations were recorded at small-scale industrial area. Concentrations of trace elements are ranked as Fe > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cr > Cu > Co > As > Se. The contamination evaluation through enrichment factor calculation refers to the existence of an anthropogenic source for certain trace elements, such as Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Pb. The values of contamination factor indicate the contamination of RD samples collected from small-scale industrial area with these trace elements. The highest pollution load index value recorded at this industrial area suggests that it is a highly polluted area. This was confirmed by applying the one-way ANOVA test for the difference analysis between the investigated areas. The correlation between most of the detected trace elements at the small scale-industrial area was lost due to the variation in their industrial sources. The health risk of some detected trace elements was estimated for two groups of populations, namely workers at the small scale-industrial area and residents (adults and children) at residential areas at this city under study. Workers and resident children were more likely affected by arsenic through the ingestion pathway to cancer because of its higher cancer risk values that were more than the acceptable value 1 × 10-6. Workers and residents (adults and children) are susceptible to noncarcinogenic risks through the ingestion pathway of Fe because of its higher hazard quotient values that are more than one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Alsohaimi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A El-Hashemy
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah G Al-Ruwaili
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek A Seaf El-Nasr
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Assuit, 75124, Egypt
| | - Nayef S Almuaikel
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Mini-review on current studies of airborne microplastics: Analytical methods, occurrence, sources, fate and potential risk to human beings. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhou L, Liu G, Shen M, Hu R, Liu Y. Source identification of heavy metals and stable carbon isotope in indoor dust from different functional areas in Hefei, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:135599. [PMID: 31784146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dust on air conditioning filters can represent the re-suspended particulate matter in indoor air, which may pose potential health risks to humans. However, source identification and influence factors of indoor dust are controversial. The present study investigated the distribution of Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn, as well as stable carbon isotope, in indoor dust from three different functional zones in Hefei to discuss the sources and influence factors of indoor dust. PCA analysis of heavy metals showed that indoor sources (such as cooking and smoking) were the main sources. Negative correlation appeared between family size and heavy metal concentrations. This was because people acted as a sink of pollutants. Concentration analysis of heavy metals revealed that smoking and cooking had weak relevance with heavy metal concentrations. While through the δ13C analysis, cooking had a significant correlation with δ13C of indoor dust, instructing that cooking was a significant source of indoor dust. Besides, smoking also had a certain correlation with δ13C of indoor dust, instructing that smoking was one of the sources of indoor dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Mengchen Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ruoyu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Hejami AA, Davis M, Prete D, Lu J, Wang S. Heavy metals in indoor settled dusts in Toronto, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134895. [PMID: 31731154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Total concentrations of eight potentially toxic heavy metals (Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in indoor settled dusts from houses, offices, classrooms, and laboratories in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada were determined, and the results were compared. The concentrations of these metals were determined through microwave digestion followed by quantification using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results indicated that the values of heavy metal concentrations in indoor settled dust vary with different indoor environments, with the highest levels found in laboratory dusts (Ba: 152 mg kg-1; Cd: 12 mg kg-1; Cr: 87 mg kg-1; Cu: 411 mg kg-1; Mn: 216 mg kg-1; Ni: 146 mg kg-1; Pb: 86 mg kg-1; Zn: 3571 mg kg-1), while the metal concentrations (except for Mn and Zn) in households, offices, and classroom dusts were lower (0.5-0.67 × the laboratory dust values), and comparable to one another. While all the metals studied show an enrichment factor (EF) greater than one, the EF for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn ranged from 15 to 554, indicating significant anthropogenic internal sources of these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Hejami
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Matthew Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Daniel Prete
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Julia Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Shengli Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada; Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
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