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Li Z, Lu C, Zhang Y, Wu C, Liu B, Shu L. Mechanisms of evolution and pollution source identification in groundwater quality of the Fen River Basin driven by precipitation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175893. [PMID: 39218087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater pollution has attracted widespread attention as a threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. However, the mechanisms of pollutant enrichment and migration are unclear, and the spatiotemporal distributions of human health risks are poorly understood, indicating insufficient groundwater management and monitoring. This study assessed groundwater quality, human health risks, and pollutant sources in the Fen River Basin(FRB). Groundwater quality in the FRB is good, with approximately 87 % of groundwater samples rated as "excellent" or "good" in both the dry and rainy seasons. Significant precipitation elevates groundwater levels, making it more susceptible to human activities during the rainy season, slightly deteriorating water quality. Some sampling points in the southern of Taiyuan Basin are severely contaminated by mine drainage, with water quality index values up to 533.80, over twice the limit. Human health risks are mainly from As, F, NO3-, and Cr. Drinking water is the primary pathway of risk. From 2019 to 2020, the average non-carcinogenic risk of As, F, and NO3- increased by approximately 28 %, 170 % and 8.5 %, respectively. The average carcinogenic risk of As and Cr increased by 28 % and 786 %, the overall trend of human health risks is increasing. Source tracing indicates As and F mainly originate from geological factors, while NO3- and Cr are significantly influenced by human activities. Various natural factors, such as hydrogeochemical conditions and aquifer environments, and processes like evaporation, cation exchange, and nitrification/denitrification, affect pollutant concentrations. A multi-tracer approach, integrating hydrochemical and isotopic tracers, was employed to identify the groundwater pollution in the FRB, and the response of groundwater environment to pollutant enrichment. This study provides a scientific basis for the effective control of groundwater pollution at the watershed scale, which is very important in the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Li
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chengpeng Lu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Longcang Shu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Hu B, Li P, Chen R, Zheng Y, Li J, Li Y. The new region demarcation framework for implementing the joint prevention and control of groundwater pollution: A case study in western of Bohai Bay, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135565. [PMID: 39173377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The joint groundwater pollution prevention and control (GPPC) strategy has been extensively implemented to address the coastal region groundwater pollution challenges in China. However, regional groundwater pollution control and treatment efficiency cannot achieve the expected results due to the lack of regional priority control orders and accurate restoration levels. Thus, this study developed a new region demarcation framework method for delineating GPPC zones, in tandem with a comprehensive pollution index method, the DRASTIC model, source apportionment. To validate the new methodological framework, a case study of groundwater pollution in Qinhuangdao, the western of Bohai Bay, China, was implemented to calculate pollution prevention and control zoning. In total, 340 groundwater samples from shallow aquifers with 9 target pollutants (NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Ni) were selected as the dataset for GPPC regionalization. The results showed that GPPC zoning further clarified the direction of groundwater pollution protection and management in Qinhuangdao. Compared to the traditional method, the new GPPC zoning better reflects groundwater mobility characteristics and pollution transport and enrichment patterns in terms of groundwater functional integrity and delineation. This new regional demarcation framework method contributes to providing support for the fine division of groundwater pollution zoning and precise pollution control for groundwater resource management in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Panwen Li
- Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Ruihui Chen
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Center of Environmental Engineering Consulting, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yi Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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Nadeem A, Murtaza B, Imran M, Khalid MS, Shahid M, Al-Sehemi AG, Kavil YN, Amjad M, Wakeel M. Hydro-geochemistry and age-dependent health risk assessment of nitrate, nitrite, and fluoride in health facilities water: a multivariate analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-35210-9. [PMID: 39365532 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater from alluvial fan plains is the prevailing water source, especially for arid/semiarid regions, but its contamination poses substantial risks to water supply and public health. The recent study aims to assess the hydro-geochemistry, distribution, and potential health risks of NO3-, NO2-, and F- concentrations in the groundwater of previously unexplored health facilities in District Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan. In total, 75 groundwater samples were evaluated for NO3-, NO2-, and F- levels as well as pH, EC, TDS, CO32-, HCO3-, Cl-, Na+, Fe, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, taste, odor, color, and turbidity. The Durav graph shows that the water type is Na-HCO3-Ca, with Na and HCO3 dominant, weak acids > strong acids, and alkaline ions > alkalis. Results revealed that drinking water samples (21.73% and 20%) taken from Tehsil Mailsi, and the Basic Health Unit (BHU) exceeded the WHO standard (1.5 mg/L) for F- concentration, respectively. Moreover, the mean chronic daily intake (CDI) of F- was 0.044, 0.018, and 0.02 mg/kg/day in children, men, and women, respectively. Similarly, the average CDI of NO3- was 0.113, 0.046, and 0.050 in children, men, and women, respectively, and the respective values of NO2- were 0.004, 0.001, and 0.001. The NO2- shows a significant range of hazard quotient (HQ) (0.0-1.172) in children. The range of HQ for F- was 0.0-3.114, 0.0-1.290, and 0.0-1.389 in children, men, and women, respectively. Additionally, the health risks analysis revealed an HQ > 1.0 for children in groundwater, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk from the F-. Pearson correlation and PCA analysis found a significant positive correlation (0.8) between NO3- and NO2- and a negative correlation (0.3) between F- and HCO3-. These findings highlight the need for groundwater treatment in healthcare facilities prior to water consumption. Enforcing international and national drinking water standards in healthcare units is vital to strengthening services and providing equitable access to safe drinking water. Legislative and efficient water management measures must be taken for the protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 1/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Muhammad Shafique Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Ghardan Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasar Nelliyot Kavil
- Marine Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Renewable Environment Company for Environmental Consulting (REC), 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wakeel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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Kumar M, Kumar S, Lovish. Statistical and geospatial assessment of trace and toxic elements distribution in ground and surface water of northern parts of the Indo-Gangetic plains: Source identification and health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:142990. [PMID: 39094702 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This study focusses on ground and surface water resources in the northern parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The study aims to identify potential contaminants, analyse their distribution, trace their origins, and evaluate associated health risk. Samples from 80 locations; groundwater (n = 69) and surface water (n = 11) were analysed for nineteen trace and toxic elements using ICP-MS. Eight elements in groundwater (Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, As, Tl, U and Se) and six in surface water (Al, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, and Tl) exceeded WHO (2011) and BIS (2012) limits in certain areas. The geospatial analysis reveals hotspots of trace and toxic element concentration, with higher levels detected in the southeast and western regions of the study area. Correlation matrices revealed a robust correlation (∼>0.75-0.99, p < 0.01) among all trace and toxic elements (excluding Li, Be, As, Ag, and U) in surface water samples when compared to groundwater samples. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) (explains 70.09 cumulative percent for total 6 of factors) of groundwater chemistry indicates that Zn, Ni and Tl contamination may originate from industrial activities (metallurgical processes and manufacturing). The potential sources of Mn may be both geological and human-induced, while Fe, Se, As and U can originate from specific geological formations or human-related activities like over-extraction and leaching of excess fertilizers into aquifers. For surface water, PCA (explains 92.92 cumulative percent for total 5 of factors) identifies industrial activities as the main source of Mn, Fe, Tl, Ni, and Zn, while Al originates from both geological and anthropogenic sources. The water quality index indicated poor to very poor water quality in the western and central regions, whereas the northern and eastern regions exhibited excellent water quality. Health risk assessment reveals HI values for groundwater water: 3.85 (adults), 7.70 (children); surface water: 1.52 (adults), 3.05 (children), emphasizing the urgent need for remediation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, 140306, India.
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, 140306, India.
| | - Lovish
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, 140306, India.
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Mu D, Meng J, Wang S, Xiao S, Wang H, Sun X, Wu P. Source apportionment, source-specific health risks, and control factors of heavy metals in water bodies of a typical karst basin in southwestern China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309142. [PMID: 39178302 PMCID: PMC11343453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying the apportionment of source-specific health risks and control factors for heavy metal pollution in karst regions is crucial for prevention and management. A typical karst basin was chosen in this study to investigate the pollution characteristics of heavy metals, source-specific health risks, and control factors. The results indicate that during the rainy season, As, Cd, and Pb, as well as As during the dry season, were the primary elements responsible for water pollution in the watershed. Comparative analyses showed that the absolute principal component-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model better identifies and quantifies the sources of heavy metals in karst basin waters. The analysis of health risks revealed that during the dry season, heavy metals in the basin posed a moderate cancer risk to adults (10-4 < total cancer risk (TCR) < 10-3), whereas during the rainy season, these heavy metals posed a non-cancer risk (total hazard index (THI) > 1) and a moderate to high cancer risk (10-4 < TCR < 10-2). The APCS-MLR model combined with the health risk analysis showed that Industrial waste discharge sources are the main contributors to the health of basin residents (29.39%-52.57%), making dry season As a non-cancer risk for basin residents, as well as rainy season As and Cd a non-cancer risk and a high cancer risk for basin residents. Therefore, reasonable planning for upstream industrial production should be developed, and priority should be given to monitoring and treating As and Cd pollution in water. Analyses also showed that input pathways, dilution effects, and hydrochemical characteristics may influence the spatial and temporal variability of heavy metals in the basin. The results provide essential information and significant reference for prioritising and managing the health risks associated with heavy metal pollution in water bodies in karst areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijin Mu
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianan Meng
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Sangju Wang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shizhen Xiao
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiangxuan Sun
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Hoque MM, Hossen MA, Zuthi MFR, Mullick MRA, Hasan SF, Khan F, Das T. Exploration of trace elements in groundwater and associated human health risk in Chattogram City of Bangladesh. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35738. [PMID: 39170401 PMCID: PMC11336830 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate trace metals in the groundwater of Chattogram City located on the southeastern coast of Bangladesh and assess their potential health risks. Given the city's unique characteristics as both a coastal and industrial hub in Bangladesh, a knowledge gap persists particularly in the assessment of trace metals. A random sampling technique was applied to collect one hundred and seventeen groundwater samples from different wards of the city to analyze some trace metals (Cr, Cd, Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) and the quality of the collected water samples was evaluated using different indices, such as Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI), Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI), Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), and Degree of Contamination (Cd). The average concentration of all the studied metals except Fe, Mn, and Cd satisfied the Bangladesh drinking water standards. The Fe, Mn, and Cd content were observed higher in shallow wells (depth 10-150 ft) followed by intermediate (151-300 ft) and deep wells (>300 ft). However, the Cr, Cu, and Zn content did not significantly change with aquifer depth. The spatial distribution map showed that the highest values of Mn and Cu were observed in the west-northern region of the city. Metal As was only found in shallow and intermediate aquifers. The HEI suggested that about 9 % of samples fall into the higher degree of pollution category similar to the GWQI, while 37 % and 42 % of samples exhibited a higher degree of pollution in the case of HPI and Cd, respectively. The positive correlations and loadings found in the statistical analysis indicated that Fe, Mn, and Cu originated from the same sources. A variety of industrial activities might be ascribed to this type of pollution. However, an average Hazard Quotient (HQ) through ingestion was found to be greater than 1 for Cd, and the Carcinogenic Risk (CR) values for children were identified as two-fold higher than that of adults. Raising social awareness, avoiding the usage of groundwater without proper treatment, and strict regulations and monitoring by the concerned authority are recommended in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Muzamamel Hoque
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
- Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Arif Hossen
- Institute of River, Harbor and Environmental Science (IRHES), Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Farzana Rahman Zuthi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
- Institute of River, Harbor and Environmental Science (IRHES), Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Reaz Akter Mullick
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - S.M. Farzin Hasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Trisa Das
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
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Xia Y, Xiao J, Wang W, Yan X, Li Z. Assessing catchment-scale groundwater discharge: Optimal tracers and factors analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121798. [PMID: 39018866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Identifying streamwater-groundwater interactions (SGI) is crucial for effective water resource management, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Despite the effectiveness of tracers in detecting these interactions, their large-scale application is challenged by the variability in tracer characteristics and natural conditions. This study addresses these challenges through extensive research across seven watersheds (7636-60,916 km2) in China's Loess Plateau (CLP). We utilized multiple physicochemical and stable isotope tracers (δ2H and δ18O) to elucidate the spatiotemporal variations and controlling factors of SGI, and to estimate uncertainties in quantifying SGI using various indicators during unidirectional water exchange periods. Our findings indicated that groundwater discharge into streamwater dominates SGI in the CLP, with mean discharge ratios (the percentage of river flow that originates from groundwater discharge) varying from 10% to 57%. Significant spatial variability was observed both across and within watersheds. The central watersheds exhibited lower discharge ratios (23 ± 11%) compared to the northern (29 ± 12%) and southern (25 ± 13%) watersheds. The upper reaches showed higher discharge ratios (28 ± 12%) compared to the middle and lower reaches (22 ± 8%). Loess thickness and vegetation primarily limit groundwater discharge by affecting groundwater storage and water flow velocity. The utilization of individual isotopic or hydrochemical indicators introduces large uncertainties in quantifying groundwater discharge ratios due to isotope fractionation or water-rock interaction, while the combination of these two indicators can reduce uncertainties in quantifying SGI. This study provides valuable insights for selecting environmental tracers to quantify SGI, contributing to sustainable water resource management in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Shang Y, Fu C, Zhang W, Li X, Li X. Groundwater hydrochemistry, source identification and health assessment based on self-organizing map in an intensive mining area in Shanxi, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118934. [PMID: 38653438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The Changzhi Basin in Shanxi is renowned for its extensive mining activities. It's crucial to comprehend the spatial distribution and geochemical factors influencing its water quality to uphold water security and safeguard the ecosystem. However, the complexity inherent in hydrogeochemical data presents challenges for linear data analysis methods. This study utilizes a combined approach of self-organizing maps (SOM) and K-means clustering to investigate the hydrogeochemical sources of shallow groundwater in the Changzhi Basin and the associated human health risks. The results showed that the groundwater chemical characteristics were categorized into 48 neurons grouped into six clusters (C1-C6) representing different groundwater types with different contamination characteristics. C1, C3, and C5 represent uncontaminated or minimally contaminated groundwater (Ca-HCO3 type), while C2 signifies mixed-contaminated groundwater (HCO3-Ca type, Mixed Cl-Mg-Ca type, and CaSO4 type). C4 samples exhibit impacts from agricultural activities (Mixed Cl-Mg-Ca), and C6 reflects high Ca and NO3- groundwater. Anthropogenic activities, especially agriculture, have resulted in elevated NO3- levels in shallow groundwater. Notably, heightened non-carcinogenic risks linked to NO3-, Pb, F-, and Mn exposure through drinking water, particularly impacting children, warrant significant attention. This research contributes valuable insights into sustainable groundwater resource development, pollution mitigation strategies, and effective ecosystem protection within intensive mining regions like the Changzhi Basin. It serves as a vital reference for similar areas worldwide, offering guidance for groundwater management, pollution prevention, and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Shang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Changchang Fu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiangquan Li
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
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9
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Kumar V, Paul D, Kumar S. Acid mine drainage from coal mines in the eastern Himalayan sub-region: Hydrogeochemical processes, seasonal variations and insights from hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119086. [PMID: 38723986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Uncontrolled coal mining using non-scientific methods has presented a major threat to the quality of environment, particularly the water resources in eastern himalayan sub-region of India. Water bodies in the vicinity of mining areas are contaminated by acid mine drainage (AMD) that is released into streams and rivers. This study attempted to assess the impact of AMD, deciphering hydrogeochemical processes, seasonal fluctuations, and stable isotope features of water bodies flowing through and around coal mining areas. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) used to separate and categorize AMD, AMD-impacted and non-AMD impacted water from the different study locations for two sampling seasons revealed four clusters (C), with C1 and C2 impacted by AMD, C3 and C4 showing negligible to no impact of AMD. AMD impacted water was SO42- - Mg2+- Ca2+ hydrochemical type with sulphide oxidation and evaporation dominating water chemistry, followed by silicate weathering during both the sampling seasons. Water with negligible-to-no AMD-impact was Mg2+- Ca2+- SO42- to Ca2+ - HCO3- to mixed hydrochemical type with rock weathering and dissolution, followed by ion exchange as major factors controlling water chemistry during both the sampling seasons. Most of physicochemical parameters of C1 and C2 exceeded the prescribed limits, whereas in C3 and C4 water samples, parameters were found within the prescribed limits. Stable isotopes of hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) during post-monsoon (PoM) varied between -41.04 ‰ and -29.98 ‰, and -6.60 ‰ to -3.94 ‰; and during pre-monsoon (PrM) varied between -58.18 ‰ and - 33.76 ‰ and -8.60 ‰ to -5.46 ‰. Deuterium excess (d-excess) ranged between 1.57 ‰ and 12.47 ‰ during PoM and 5.70 ‰ to 15.17 ‰ during PrM season. The stable isotopes analysis revealed that evaporation, mineral dissolution and mixing with rainwater are the key factors in study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
| | - Dibyendu Paul
- Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247667, India
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Xia Y, Xiao J, van der Ploeg M, Wang W, Li Z. Combined effects of precipitation anomalies and dams on streamwater-groundwater interaction in the Fen River basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172704. [PMID: 38663590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Both water management measures like damming and changes in precipitation as a result of anthropogenic induced climate change have exerted profound effects on the dynamics of streamwater-groundwater interaction (SGI). However, their compound effects on SGI have not been investigated so far. Taking the Fen River of China as an example, this study aims to examine the synergistic impacts of damming and precipitation anomalies on SGI dynamics. The sampling considered the seasonal and interannual variability of precipitation (May and September in 2019 representing a dry year; May and August in 2021 representing a wet year), and long-term daily observational data, including water levels and water discharge, were combined to elucidate the compound effects. Precipitation anomalies and damming exert significant individual and combined influences on SGI. Separately, dams and reservoirs reversed the SGI dynamics, significantly increasing the contributions of streamwater to groundwater from 0 to 29 % to 78 % in the dam-affected areas. Further, the groundwater discharge ratios behind the dam (about 60 %) were three times higher than those in front of the dam. Precipitation anomalies significantly amplified interannual variability in SGI patterns, and groundwater discharge ratios increased by 47 % during the dry period (2019) compared to flood period (2021). The combined influence of precipitation anomalies and dam regulation remarkably changed the lateral, vertical, and longitudinal water exchange dynamics. Precipitation anomalies affected the SGI dynamics at the whole watershed scale, whereas dam regulation regimes exhibited a stronger control at the local scale. The compound effects of dam regulation and precipitation anomalies can result in different SGI patterns under various climate scenarios. More attention should be paid to the interrelated feedback mechanisms between damming, extreme precipitation events, and their impact on the watershed-scale hydrological cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Martine van der Ploeg
- Hydrology and Environmental Hydraulics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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11
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Yan Y, Zhang Y, Yao R, Wei C, Luo M, Yang C, Chen S, Huang X. Groundwater suitability assessment for irrigation and drinking purposes by integrating spatial analysis, machine learning, water quality index, and health risk model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39155-39176. [PMID: 38809406 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of nitrate-contaminated surface water and groundwater quality and associated risks is important for groundwater management. Hydrochemical characteristics and driving forces of groundwater quality and non-carcinogenic risks of nitrate were revealed by the integrated approaches of self-organizing map analysis, spatial visualization by geography information system, entropy and irrigation water quality indices, and human health risk model. Groundwater samples were categorized into two clusters by SOM analysis. Cluster I including three samples were Ca-SO4 type and cluster II of remaining 136 samples were Ca-HCO3 type. Hydrochemical compositions of two cluster samples were dominated by water-rock interaction: (1) calcite and gypsum dissolution for cluster I samples and (2) calcite dissolution, silicate weathering, and positive cation exchange for cluster II samples. Nitrate contamination occurred in both cluster I and II samples, primarily induced by agricultural nitrogen fertilizer. The EWQI results showed that 90.97% in total groundwater samples were suitable for drinking purpose, while the IWQI results demonstrated that 65.03% in total groundwater samples were appropriate for irrigation purpose. The HHR model and Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the non-carcinogenic nitrated risk was highest in children. Exposure frequency was the most sensitive factor (86.33% in total) influencing the total non-carcinogenic risk, indicated by sensitivity analysis. Compared with the two clusters of groundwater, surface water has a shorter circulation cycle and lower ion concentrations resulting in better water quality. This study can provide scientific basis for groundwater quality evaluation in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yan
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
- Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China.
- Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, China.
| | - Rongwen Yao
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
- Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, China
| | - Changli Wei
- Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Observation and Research Station of Ecological Restoration for Chongqing Typical Mining Areas, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Si Chen
- Observation and Research Station of Ecological Restoration for Chongqing Typical Mining Areas, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Xun Huang
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
- Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, China
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12
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Sun Y, Zhao Y, Hao L, Zhao X, Lu J, Shi Y, Ma C, Li Q. Application of the partial least square regression method in determining the natural background of soil heavy metals: A case study in the Songhua River basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170695. [PMID: 38331274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The "background" is an essential index for identifying anthropogenic inputs and potential ecological risks of soil heavy metals. However, the lithology of bedrock can cause significant spatial variation in the natural background of soil elements, posing considerable difficulties in estimating background values. In this study, an attempt was made to calculate the natural background through regression analysis of soil chemical composition, and reasonably evaluate the impact of lithology. A total of 1771 surface soil samples were collected from the Songhua River Basin, China, for chemical composition analysis, and the partial least square regression (PLSR) method was employed to establish the relationship between heavy metals (As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni) and soil chemical composition/environmental parameters (SiO2, Al2O3, TFe2O3, MgO, CaO, K2O, Na2O, La, Y, Zr, V, Sc, Sr, Li and pH). The result shows that As, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni have significant linear relationships with soil chemical composition. Each of these six heavy metals obtained 1771 regression background values; some were higher than the uniform background value obtained from the boxplot, while others were lower. The regression background values recognized not only subtle anthropogenic inputs and potential ecological risks in low-background regions but also spurious contamination in high-background areas. All these indicate that the PLSR method can effectively improve the determination accuracy of the natural background of soil heavy metals. More attention should be paid to the serious anthropogenic inputs appearing in some places of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Sun
- College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Yuyan Zhao
- College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Libo Hao
- College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Xinyun Zhao
- College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China.
| | - Jilong Lu
- College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Yanxiang Shi
- College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Chengyou Ma
- College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Qingquan Li
- College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
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13
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Jannat JN, Islam ARMT, Mia MY, Pal SC, Biswas T, Jion MMMF, Islam MS, Siddique MAB, Idris AM, Khan R, Islam A, Kormoker T, Senapathi V. Using unsupervised machine learning models to drive groundwater chemistry and associated health risks in Indo-Bangla Sundarban region. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141217. [PMID: 38246495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater is an essential resource in the Sundarban regions of India and Bangladesh, but its quality is deteriorating due to anthropogenic impacts. However, the integrated factors affecting groundwater chemistry, source distribution, and health risk are poorly understood along the Indo-Bangla coastal border. The goal of this study is to assess groundwater chemistry, associated driving factors, source contributions, and potential non-carcinogenic health risks (PN-CHR) using unsupervised machine learning models such as a self-organizing map (SOM), positive matrix factorization (PMF), ion ratios, and Monte Carlo simulation. For the Sundarban part of Bangladesh, the SOM clustering approach yielded six clusters, while it yielded five for the Indian Sundarbans. The SOM results showed high correlations among Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+, indicating a common origin. In the Bangladesh Sundarbans, mixed water predominated in all clusters except for cluster 3, whereas in the Indian Sundarbans, Cl--Na+ and mixed water dominated in clusters 1 and 2, and both water types dominated the remaining clusters. Coupling of SOM, PMF, and ionic ratios identified rock weathering as a driving factor for groundwater chemistry. Clusters 1 and 3 were found to be influenced by mineral dissolution and geogenic inputs (overall contribution of 47.7%), while agricultural and industrial effluents dominated clusters 4 and 5 (contribution of 52.7%) in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. Industrial effluents and agricultural activities were associated with clusters 3, 4, and 5 (contributions of 29.5% and 25.4%, respectively) and geogenic sources (contributions of 23 and 22.1% in clusters 1 and 2) in Indian Sundarbans. The probabilistic health risk assessment showed that NO3- poses a higher PN-CHR risk to human health than F- and As, and that potential risk to children is more evident in the Bangladesh Sundarban area than in the Indian Sundarbans. Local authorities must take urgent action to control NO3- emissions in the Indo-Bangla Sundarbans region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatun Nahar Jannat
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh.
| | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Yousuf Mia
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh.
| | - Subodh Chandra Pal
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| | - Tanmoy Biswas
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| | | | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rahat Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh.
| | - Aznarul Islam
- Department of Geography, Aliah University, 17 Gora Chand Road, Kolkata-700 014, India.
| | - Tapos Kormoker
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong.
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14
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Su H, Li H, Chen H, Li Z, Zhang S. Source identification and potential health risks of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater of a typical alluvial plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166920. [PMID: 37689194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the role of natural and anthropogenic factors in groundwater pollution is essential for sustainable groundwater resource management, especially in alluvial plains with intensive anthropogenic activities. Numerous studies have focused on the contribution of individual factors on groundwater pollution in alluvial aquifers, but distinguishing the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors is limited. In this study, 64 wells were sampled in different seasons from the Yellow River alluvial plain in China for hydrochemical and isotopic analysis to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution, sources and health risks of fluoride and nitrate in alluvial aquifers. Results showed that fluoride contamination was widely distributed without significant seasonal variation, and 78.1 % of the dry season samples and 65.6 % of the wet season samples showed fluoride concentrations above the permissible limit (1.5 mg/L). High-F- groundwater was generally accompanied by Na-HCO3 and Na-HCO3·SO4 water types. Fluoride was from a natural origin mainly associated with mineral dissolution, competitive adsorption, cation exchange, and evaporation. Groundwater nitrate contamination was spatially sporadic and showed significant seasonal differences. Only 13.6 % of the dry season samples and 3.2 % of the wet season samples had NO3- concentrations exceeded the permissible limit of 50 mg/L. The hydrochemical phase evolved from bicarbonate or sulfate type to chloride type with increasing nitrate concentration. Manure and sewage attributed to agricultural activities contributed the most nitrogen to groundwater, followed by soil organic nitrogen and chemical fertilizers, revealing the anthropogenic origin of nitrate. Nitrification was the dominant nitrogen transformation process in the wet season, and denitrification was prevalent in the dry season. Oral ingestion of high fluoride groundwater was a major threat to human health, especially for infants. This study provided a significant reference for water resources management in alluvial aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Su
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Transportation Technology Research & Development Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030032, China.
| | - He Li
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Shandong Provincial Lunan Geology and Exploration Institute, Jining 272100, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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15
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Arkoc O. Health risk assessment of toxic elements in groundwater in a major industrial and agricultural basin, (East of Ergene Basin, Turkey). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1033-1046. [PMID: 35469512 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2068510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ergene Basin is an important agricultural and industrial region and an important water resource. In this current research, groundwater quality of east of Ergene Basin was evaluated using water quality index (WQI), and health risk due to groundwater consumption was assessed with HQ, HI, and CR. Multivariate statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the multiple effects of pollutants on groundwater. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were also performed. All samples were in the "excellent" WQI category. Health risk values for adults and children were below the safe limit, both from digestion and dermal exposure. CR values of As in some samples exceeded the threshold value, both for adults and children. Sensitivity analysis revealed that ingestion rate and exposure frequency for adults and exposure duration and concentration of toxic metal for children were the most sensitive variables affecting probabilistic health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Arkoc
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
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16
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Yang X, Cheng B, Wang Z, Wang S, Liu L, Gao Y, Zhang H. Characteristics and pollution risks of potentially toxic elements and nematode community structure on farm soil near coal mines. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6835-6852. [PMID: 36482137 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important coal-producing provinces of China, Shanxi Province has been concerned about soil potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in recent years. The study aimed to determine the status and sources of PTEs contamination and evaluate the quality of the soil ecology. This study investigated the degree of 13 PTEs contamination. The sources and contributions of PTEs were traced by the absolute principal component score followed by a multiple linear regression model (APCS-MLR). And the status of the soil ecosystem was verified by evaluating the soil nematode community around the coal mining areas in Jinzhong. The results showed that the mean PTEs concentration of 5 trace elements were higher than the background values of Shanxi, and safe to considerable was indicated by the pollution and ecological risk values. Soil Hg was the most contaminated element, followed by Cd. The distribution of PTEs was determined by coal mining activities (44.72%) followed by agricultural practice (32.37%) and coal transportation (21.37%). The nematode genera Acrobeloides (4.01%), Aphelenchus (20.30%), Meloidogyne (11.95%) and Aporcelaimus (2.74%) could be regarded as bioindicators of soil PTEs contamination by their tolerance. Concentrations of soil Cr, Mn, Ti and Cd showed remarkable influences on the total nematode abundance, maturity index, enrichment index, structural index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou index of soil nematode. It is an appropriate method to evaluate the status of soil PTEs contamination combining the response of a single nematode genus and the nematode community evaluation index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjian South Road #56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Academic Affairs Office, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Bijun Cheng
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjian South Road #56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjian South Road #56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Shuhan Wang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjian South Road #56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjian South Road #56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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17
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Kumar M, Sharma MK, Malik DS. An appraisal to hydrochemical characterization, source identification, and potential health risks of sulfate and nitrate in groundwater of Bemetara district, Central India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1046. [PMID: 37589797 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Gypsum-enriched aquifers (GEA) and intensive agriculture regions (IAR) in semi-arid regions are responsible for very high amounts of sulfate and nitrate in many groundwater systems of the world, respectively. However, in such regions, the problem of nitrate pollution and its associated health risk has been increasing and emerging as a global issue. However, along with nitrate, sulfate contamination and its potential health risks are often neglected worldwide in these regions. Therefore, considering sulfate along with nitrate as a significant threat to water quality in such regions, this study aimed to characterize hydrochemistry, factors controlling groundwater quality, and assessment of risk to human health. To accomplish this objective, 116 groundwater samples were collected over pre-monsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (POM) (2019) seasons in Bemetara district. As per Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) for drinking, SO42- (28 and 19%) and NO3- (7 and 35%) exceeded the permissible limits in PRM and POM seasons, respectively; thereby, groundwater was not suitable for drinking. SO42- and NO3- pollution sources were identified and mainly attributed to gypsum dissolution and agricultural activities as well as domestic sewage discharge, respectively. In addition, SO42-and NO3- risk assessment results show that total 20% to 46% of all samples surpassed the permissible limit (HQ = 1) of risk to children and adults, over both seasons. To ensure drinking water security in this region, sustainable management of agricultural activities and treatment should be done to reduce the potential health risks due to SO42- and NO3-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
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18
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Kim J, Lee KK. Seasonal effects on hydrochemistry, microbial diversity, and human health risks in radon-contaminated groundwater areas. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108098. [PMID: 37467531 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is an important human resource. Daejeon in South Korea faces severe water quality issues, including radon, uranium, and fluoride pollution, all of which pose health risks to humans. With climate change, threats to potable water, such as heavy rain and typhoons, have become common. Therefore, examining the seasonal effects on groundwater quality and resultant health risks is important for understanding the mechanisms of different hydroclimatological conditions to enable the implementation of sustainable management plans in radon-contaminated groundwater areas. However, this issue has not yet been studied. To bridge this gap, in this study, major ions and microbial community structures were employed and groundwater quality index (GWQI) were calculated with hazard index based on limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO) to investigate the hydrochemical characterization and to assess pollution levels. The results showed that the rainy season had distinct hydrochemical characteristics with high correlations between radon and fluoride, and most groundwater samples collected after the typhoon had characteristics similar to those collected during the dry season, owing to the flow path. Furthermore, the microbial diversity and hazard quotient (HQ) values of fluoride revealed that pollution worsened during the dry season. All of the calculated effective dose values of radon exceeded the threshold limit set by the WHO, despite the low GWQI. Infants and children were particularly susceptible to radon-contaminated groundwater. The statistical results of self-organizing map (SOM) suggested that radon analysis was sufficient for public health intervention in the rainy season; however, in the dry season, combined analyses of radon, fluoride, and microbial diversity played important roles in health risk assessment. Our study presents a comprehensive understanding of radon-contaminated groundwater characteristics under seasonal effects and can serve as a reference for other similar zones to provide significant insights into the effective management of radon contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Hou Q, Pan Y, Zeng M, Wang S, Shi H, Huang C, Peng H. Assessment of groundwater hydrochemistry, water quality, and health risk in Hainan Island, China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12104. [PMID: 37495656 PMCID: PMC10372016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Groundwater is an important source of water for human sustenance. The determination of groundwater quality at island sites is an urgent priority in China, but there are lacking systematic reports relating to them. Here, 63 groups of groundwater samples were collected and analyzed of Hainan Island. The groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline, mainly comprising hard and soft freshwater. The predominant anions and cations are HCO3-, and Ca2+ and Na+, respectively, and the main water chemistry types are HCO3-Cl-Na and HCO3-Cl-Na-Ca. The chemical evolution of groundwater is mainly affected by water-rock interactions, cation exchange, and human activity. The groundwater is mostly of high quality and, in most areas, is suitable for drinking and irrigation. Contrastingly, the water quality in the west of the island is relatively poor. The spatial distribution of the risk coefficient (HQ) is consistent with the spatial variation in the NO3- concentrations in the groundwater. Notably, there are unacceptable health risks for different groups of people, with infants having the greatest level of impact, followed by children, teenagers, and adults. This study provides a valuable reference for the development and utilization of groundwater resources, as well as the improvement of aquatic ecological conditions on Hainan Island and other island areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqin Hou
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- The second Institute of Resources and Environment Investigation of Henan Province, Henan, 471023, China
| | - Yujie Pan
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Wuhan Center of Geological Survey of China Geological Survey, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Simiao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Liaoning, 110819, China
| | - Huanhuan Shi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Changsheng Huang
- Wuhan Center of Geological Survey of China Geological Survey, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Hongxia Peng
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, No. 68, Jincheng Street, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, 430078, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
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Guo Y, Zhang S, Wang S, Zhang Y, Du J, Liao L. Using stable isotopes (δ 2H and δ 18O) and hydrochemistry to understand the genesis and hydrochemical processes of groundwater in Chongming Island, Yangtze Estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84300-84313. [PMID: 37358776 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is an indispensable freshwater resource and its quality is significant in supporting sustainable social and economic development, particularly in estuarine islands where aquifers are complicated. In this study, a total of 19 groundwater and 4 surface water samples were collected in September 2022 to identify the origin and hydrogeochemical evolution processes of groundwater using stable isotopes and hydrochemistry in Chongming Island, which is the largest estuarine alluvial island in the world. The stable isotopic composition indicated that shallow groundwater and surface water are all derived from precipitation recharge under a humid climate, and the evaporative effect incurs the enrichment of isotopic compositions. The shallow groundwater and surface water were primarily of Ca-HCO3 type. Gibbs diagram, ionic correlation analysis, ionic ratios analysis, and mineral saturation indices suggested that water-rock interactions like carbonate and silicate weathering play a vital role in groundwater chemistry, but cation exchange reactions are weak. Revelle index (RI) result indicated that 10.5% of shallow groundwater samples were found to suffer seawater intrusion. The NO3- concentrations were between l2.0 and 180.8 mg/L with 31.6% of groundwater samples exceeding the World health organization (WHO) standards (50 mg/L). Agricultural activities and industrial activities were found to be mainly responsible for groundwater pollution in shallow groundwater. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for better managing groundwater resources on coastal estuarine islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugeng Guo
- Hohai-Lille College, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Du
- Hohai-Lille College, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Hohai-Lille College, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Licen S, Astel A, Tsakovski S. Self-organizing map algorithm for assessing spatial and temporal patterns of pollutants in environmental compartments: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163084. [PMID: 36996982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants is a crucial issue to assess the anthropogenic burden on the environment. Numerous chemometric approaches are available for data exploration and they have been applied for environmental health assessment purposes. Among the unsupervised methods, Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is an artificial neural network able to handle non-linear problems that can be used for exploratory data analysis, pattern recognition, and variable relationship assessment. Much more interpretation ability is gained when the SOM-based model is merged with clustering algorithms. This review comprises: (i) a description of the algorithm operation principle with a focus on the key parameters used for the SOM initialization; (ii) a description of the SOM output features and how they can be used for data mining; (iii) a list of available software tools for performing calculations; (iv) an overview of the SOM application for obtaining spatial and temporal pollution patterns in the environmental compartments with focus on model training and result visualization; (v) advice on reporting SOM model details in a paper to attain comparability and reproducibility among published papers as well as advice for extracting valuable information from the model results is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Licen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Aleksander Astel
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, ul. Arciszewskiego 22b, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland.
| | - Stefan Tsakovski
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1 J. Bourchier Blvd., Sofia 1164, Bulgaria.
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22
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Yang X, Jia C, Yang F, Yang H, Yao Y. Spatio-temporal variation of groundwater pollution in urban wetlands and management strategies for zoning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118318. [PMID: 37315460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is an important resource to maintain the sustainable development of urban wetlands. The Jixi National Wetland Park (JNWP) was studied to realize the refined prevention and control of groundwater. The self-organizing map-K-means algorithm (SOM-KM), improved water quality index (IWQI), health risk assessment model and forward model were used comprehensively to evaluate the groundwater status and solute sources in different periods. The results showed that the groundwater chemical type in most areas was the HCO3-Ca type. Groundwater chemistry data from different periods were clustered into five groups. Groups 1 and 5 are affected by agricultural and industrial activities, respectively. The IWQI value in the normal period was higher in most areas due to the influence of spring ploughing. The east side of the JNWP was disturbed by human activities, and the quality of drinking water continued to deteriorate from the wet period to the dry period. 64.29% of the monitoring points showed good irrigation suitability. The health risk assessment model showed that the health risk was the largest in the dry period and the smallest in the wet period. The main factors causing health risks in the wet period and other periods were NO3- and F-, respectively. The overall cancer risk was within acceptable limits. The forward model and ion ratio analysis showed that the weathering of carbonate rocks was the main factor affecting the evolution of groundwater chemistry, accounting for 67.16%. The high-risk areas of pollution were mainly concentrated in the east of the JNWP. K+ and Cl- were the key monitoring ions in the risk-free zone and potential risk zone, respectively. The research can be used to help decision-makers carry out fine zoning control of groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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23
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Peng H, Lu T, Xiong S, Ferrer ASN, Wang Y. Calcium and magnesium in China's public drinking water and their daily estimated average requirements. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3447-3464. [PMID: 36342636 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in drinking water and the relevant health effects have been ignored for too long. This study aims to reveal the concentrations, spatial distributions, origins and contributions to the daily estimated average requirements of Ca and Mg in public drinking water. Using hydrochemical data of collected samples of public drinking water in 314 cities across China, the contributions of Ca and Mg intakes from public drinking water to their daily estimated average requirements (EARs) were assessed. And the significance of Ca/Mg ratio and total hardness (TH) was evaluated as well. The Ca and Mg concentrations of the samples were in the range of 2.5-155.1 mg/L and 0.2-81.9 mg/L, with an average of 40.4 mg/L and 12.4 mg/L, respectively. There exist obvious differences in Ca and Mg concentrations in different regions, under the impact of climate conditions and water-rock interactions. The intake of Ca via the consumption of public drinking water for adults may be twice as much as that for other age groups. In cities with high Ca levels in public drinking water, the Ca contributions to EAR could reach up to 51.59% for adults. By contrast, Mg in drinking water is an important and even the main pathway to ingest Mg for infants and children. Therefore, public drinking water is critical for Ca and Mg intake among urban residents of China. Besides, attention should be paid to the health effects of high Ca/Mg ratio and low TH in public drinking water, especially in southern China. This research is the first systematic and comprehensive national scale study of Ca and Mg in public drinking water and can provide an important reference to improve healthy public drinking water standards around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Xiong
- Wuhan Zondy W&R Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | | | - Yanxin Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan, 430078, China.
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24
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COVID-19 pandemic lockdown modulation of physico-chemical parameters of surface water, Karamana river basin, Southwest India: A weighted arithmetic index and geostatistical perspective. TOTAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH THEMES 2023; 6:100042. [PMCID: PMC10106498 DOI: 10.1016/j.totert.2023.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease or COVID-19 pandemic continues imposing restrictions on the human population from full-scale normal/routine activities all over the world. This study primarily spotlights the consequences of the COVID-19-pandemic-lockdown on physicochemical parameters of water (samples) of the Karamana river system (KRS) during the pre-monsoons (or January) of 2021 and 2022, using the Weighted Arithmetic Index method and Geostatistical analysis (ArcMap 10.2). Even though the Karamana river supported the water needs of the people during the past several decades, the quality of water deteriorated due to the rising population and consequent anthropogenic activities. Hence, it is imperative to evaluate the water quality during the post-COVID-19 lockdowns and document the spatial distribution of parameters listed in the BIS (Bureau of Indian standard) IS10500, 2012. This was accomplished by establishing a water quality index (WQI), Geostatistical analysis, and weighted overlay analysis (WOA). The estimated WQI suggested that about 45.11km2 (6.43%) area has declined from the excellent category of water quality between 2021 and 2022. Similarly, WOA results deciphered that the area under the poor category has drastically and negatively changed from 27.85 km2 (4.0%) to 60.42 km2 (8.6%) after revoking of lockdown restrictions. The lessons learned from syn-Covid-19, the spike or uptrend of the water quality compared to the past decades, offer ample scientific basis to policymakers, administrators, and environmentalists for restoration of river system health from huge anthropogenic stress.
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25
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Liu S, Qiu Y, Fu R, Liu Y, Suo C. Identifying the water quality variation characteristics and their main driving factors from 2008 to 2020 in the Yellow River Basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:66753-66766. [PMID: 37099101 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the water quality dynamics and their main influence factors is crucial for sustainable water environment management especially in the sensitive ecosystem area. Here, the spatiotemporal dynamic of water quality in the Yellow River Basin from 2008 to 2020 and its relationship with physical geography, human activities, and meteorology were studied by using Pearson correlation test, and a generalized linear model. The results showed that water quality was significantly improved since 2008, which was reflected from the decreasing trend of the permanganate index (CODMn) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and increasing trend of the dissolved oxygen (DO). However, the total nitrogen (TN) remained severely polluted with average annual concentration inferior to level V. Spatially speaking, the water quality in the upper and lower reaches was better than that of the middle reaches. The whole basin was severely contaminated by TN with 2.62 ± 1.52, 3.91 ± 1.71, and 2.91 ± 1.20 mg L-1 from upper, middle, and lower reaches, respectively. Thus, TN should be paid much attention in the water quality management of the Yellow River Basin. The water quality improvement could be attributed to the reduction of pollution discharges and ecological restoration. Further analysis found the variation of water consumption and increase of forest and wetland area contributed 39.90% and 47.49% for CODMn and 58.92% and 30.87% for NH3-N, respectively. Meteorological variables and total water resources contributed slightly. This study is expected to provide in-depth insights for the water quality dynamics and their response to human activities and natural factors in the Yellow River Basin, which could provide theoretical references for water quality protection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Fu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yun Liu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Chengyu Suo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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26
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Jehan S, Khattak SA, Khan S, Ali L, Hussain ML. Hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes using multivariate indices along Indus Suture Zone, North Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2511-2531. [PMID: 36006578 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study is aimed to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics, spatial distribution and suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes along the Indus Suture Zone (ISZ), north Pakistan. Physicochemical parameters and hazardous trace elements (HTEs) like Cd, Co, Cu and Mn were determined following standard methods. The mean and median concentrations were found below the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water guidelines values. Hydrochemical results indicate that groundwater sources were mainly attributed to rock-water interaction category. Piper diagram shows that most of the groundwater samples fall in Ca-HCO3─ class presenting weak-alkaline proportion type. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) ranking was categorized as good to excellent, indicating the overall quality of the groundwater may pose no health hazard concern. Based on irrigation WQI (SAR, Na%, MAR, KR), the groundwater was found fit for irrigation except SAR whereas 36% of the groundwater samples fall within the poor class. The total HI values through dermal contact exceeded the safe non-carcinogenic threshold of HI = 1. Therefore, there is required an effective groundwater monitoring and management facility in the study area to safeguard residents from various illnesses associated with varying HTEs concentrations in drinking water. The major response actions needed for groundwater bodies restoration are including the installation of a continuous groundwater monitoring network and control of agricultural fertilizers that seems to be the most effective and tangible for immediate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Jehan
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Seema Anjum Khattak
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Mian Luqman Hussain
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
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27
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Wu S, Deng S, Xia F, Han X, Ju T, Xiao H, Xu X, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Xi B. A novel thermosensitive persulfate controlled-release hydrogel based on agarose/silica composite for sustained nitrobenzene degradation from groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130619. [PMID: 37056022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing risk of organic contamination of groundwater poses a serious threat to the environment and human health, causing an urgent need to develop long-lasting and adaptable remediation materials. Controlled-release materials (CRMs) are capable of encapsulating oxidants to achieve long-lasting release properties in aquifers and considered to be effective strategies in groundwater remediation. In this study, novel hydrogels (ASGs) with thermosensitive properties were prepared based on agarose and silica to achieve controlled persulfate (PS) release. By adjusting the composition ratio, the gelation time and internal pore structure of the hydrogels were regulated for groundwater application, which in turn affected the PS encapsulated amount and release properties. The hydrogels exhibited significant temperature responsiveness, with 6.8 times faster gelation rates and 2.8 times longer controlled release ability at 10 ℃ than at 30 ℃. The ASGs were further combined with zero-valent iron to achieve long-lasting degradation of the typical nitrobenzene compound 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), and the degradation performance was maintained at 50 % within 14 PV, which was significantly improved compared with that of the PS/ZVI system. This study provided new concepts for the design of controlled-release materials and theoretical support for the remediation of organic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Fu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tianyu Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiangjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yonghai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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28
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Liu Y, Ali A, Su JF, Li K, Hu RZ, Wang Z. Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation: Influencing factors, nucleation pathways, and application in waste water remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160439. [PMID: 36574549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a technique that uses the metabolic action of microorganisms to produce CO32- which combines with free Ca2+ to form CaCO3 precipitation. It has gained widespread attention in water treatment, aimed with the advantages of simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants, environmental protection, and ecological sustainability. This article reviewed the mechanism of MICP at both intra- and extra-cellular levels. It summarized the parameters affecting the MICP process in terms of bacterial concentration, ambient temperature, etc. The current status of MICP application in practical engineering is discussed. Based on this, the current technical difficulties faced in the use of MICP technology were outlined, and future research directions for MICP technology were highlighted. This review helps to improve the design of existing water treatment facilities for the simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants using the MICP and provides theoretical reference and innovative thinking for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jun-Feng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Kai Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Rui-Zhu Hu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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29
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Wang S, Chen J, Jiang W, Zhang S, Jing R, Yang S. Identifying the geochemical evolution and controlling factors of the shallow groundwater in a high fluoride area, Feng County, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:20277-20296. [PMID: 36251195 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how groundwater is formed and evolves is critical for water resource exploitation and utilization. In this study, hydrochemistry and stable isotope tracing techniques were adopted to determine the key factors influencing groundwater chemical evolution in Feng County. A total of fourteen wells and five surface water samples were investigated in November 2021. The δD and δ18O compositions show that both surface water and groundwater are recharged from atmospheric precipitation. The dominating order of cations and anions in groundwater appears to be Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F-, respectively. The groundwater hydrochemical facies are mainly characterized by HCO3-Ca-Mg and SO4-Cl-Na types. The chemical evolution of groundwater is dominated by water-rock interaction and cation exchange reactions. The major ions in groundwater are mainly controlled by various geogenic processes including halite, gypsum, calcite, dolomite, Glauber's salt, feldspar, and fluorite dissolution/precipitation. Furthermore, the abundant fluoride-bearing sediments, together with low Ca2+, promote the formation of high F- groundwater. Approximately 85.7% and 28.6% of groundwater samples exceeded the permissible limit for F- and NO3- respectively. Apart from geogenic F-, human interventions (i.e., industrial fluoride-containing wastewater discharge and agricultural phosphate fertilizer uses) also regulate the F- enrichment in the shallow groundwater. Nitrate pollution of the groundwater may be attributed to domestic waste and animal feces. Our findings could provide valuable information for the sustainable exploitation of groundwater in the study area and the development of effective management strategies by the authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Rural Water Conservancy Science and Technology Development Center, Water Resources Department of Jiangsu Province, No.5 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Jing
- Water Resources Bureau of Feng County, No.68 Xiangyang Road, Xuzhou, 221799, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengyun Yang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Wen Q, Yang L, Gong H, Yu J, Wei B, Zhao S, Tu D, Yin S, Wang T. Characteristics, sources, and risk assessment of thallium and associated with metal(loid)s in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin, southern Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8226-8238. [PMID: 36056284 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is known as the water tower of Asia, and the water quality has long been a focus of public concern, especially in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin (YTRB), a unique area that is climate-sensitive, geologically complex, eco-fragile, and densely populated. Thallium (Tl) is a typical metal that is more toxic than Pb, Cd, and As and often occurs in sulfide minerals. Although large-scale polymetallic sulfide mineralization developed in the YTRB, the geochemical dispersion and potential risk of Tl in aquatic environments of the YTRB remain poorly understood. In this study, the concentration, distribution, source, and health risk of Tl and associated metal(loid)s in the hot springs and surface water in the YTRB were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the trace elements (Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Al, Sr, Ni, Co, Mn, Pb) in water environments are within the recommended limits, except for Tl and As. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis (CA) showed that the elements of Tl and As were positively related to each other in either both hot spring water and surface water, indicating their common origin. Spatial variations suggested that high levels of Tl and As observed in the north YTRB, which may be relevant to the reduction-dissolution of Tl (As)-bearing minerals and the magmatic hydrothermal system formed in the shallow part of the northern YTRB. Furthermore, source apportionment identified natural sources of Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, Zn, and Cd and anthropogenic inputs of Al and Pb. Exposure assessment studies have found that ingestion is the primary route of As and Tl exposure to local population, and balneological and bathing purposes do not constitute a human health concern. This study offers valuable insights into the risk of naturally occurring Tl enrichment being hidden in As-rich hydrosphere in the YTRB and other regions with similar geoenvironmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongqiang Gong
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850030, China
| | - Jiangping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Binggan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shengcheng Zhao
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850030, China
| | - Dan Tu
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850030, China
| | - Shuhui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Yuan R, Li Z, Guo S. Health risks of shallow groundwater in the five basins of Shanxi, China: Geographical, geological and human activity roles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120524. [PMID: 36309298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid economic development often leads to groundwater degradation, posing health risks to those who rely on it. The groundwater discharge conditions in basins are poor. The health risk of shallow groundwater in basins needs more attentions. The health risk of shallow groundwater in the five basins of Shanxi Province, China was discussed based on the hydrochemical evolution of shallow groundwater and the water quality assessment. The results showed that arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) in the shallow groundwater of the basins caused prominent health risks followed by fluoride (F) and nitrate (NO3-). The non-carcinogenic risks of As, F and NO3- to children were higher than that to adults, and the carcinogenic risks of As and Cr were higher for adults than children. Various hydrogeochemical reactions, geological conditions, climatic factors, and human activities are closely related to groundwater health risks, and basin topography is considered as one of key factors. Water-rock interaction, dedolomitization and cation exchange are the natural processes in the evolution of groundwater hydrochemistry, while agricultural and mining activities are the anthropogenic factors causing groundwater degradation. The leaching/dilution effects of infiltration precipitation in the basin-mountain systems cause distinct temporal changes in the chemical composition and health risks of the groundwater in the basins. Differences in climate and farming practices among the basins further complicate the spatio-temporal changes. The basin-mountain system is conducive to the convergence and enrichment of water flow and solutes in the basins, which aggravates the degradation of groundwater quality. This study highlights that the combined influences of geographical and geological factors and anthropogenic activities amplify the human health risks of groundwater in the basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Yuan
- School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Zhibin Li
- School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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Shen H, Rao W, Tan H, Guo H, Ta W, Zhang X. Controlling factors and health risks of groundwater chemistry in a typical alpine watershed based on machine learning methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158737. [PMID: 36108860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is a key water resource in alpine watersheds, but its quality is deteriorating due to human activities. The Golmud River watershed is a representative alpine watershed in Northwest China, and it was chosen to explore groundwater chemistry, associated controlling factors, source contributions, and potential health risks. The analysis includes the use of a self-organizing map (SOM), positive matrix factorization (PMF), ionic ratios, and a Monte Carlo simulation. The content of total dissolved solids in phreatic water was higher in the dry season and increased from the mountainous zone to the fine-soil plain-overflowing zone. Additionally, the water type varied from HCO3- to Cl- types whereas confined groundwater was chemically stable and of a HCO3- type. The SOM results showed a visual correlation between the ions in groundwater. The combination of SOM, PMF, and ionic ratios identified water-rock action as a dominant factor of groundwater chemistry. It was also found that Clusters I and III were mainly influenced by silicate weathering (a total contribution of 38.4 %), whereas evaporation was dominant in Cluster VI (a contribution of 32.5 %). Anthropogenic pollution was mainly associated with clusters V and IV and was related to industrial and agricultural activities during the snowmelt and wet seasons, and fluorine deposition formed by residential coal heating during the dry season (contributions of 1.4 % and 23.8 % in Clusters V and IV, respectively). The sudden increases in B3+ and Li+ in Cluster II were due to inputs from small tributaries (a contribution of 3.9 %). The probabilistic health risk assessment showed that fluoride posed a greater non-carcinogenic risk to human health than Sr2+, B3+, and NO3-, and its potential threat to children was more significant during the dry season than in other seasons. It is necessary for local governments to establish urgent fluoride emission control policies within the Golmud River watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huigui Shen
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wenbo Rao
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Hongbing Tan
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hongye Guo
- Qinghai Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology and Environgeology Survey Institute, Xining 810008, China
| | - Wanquan Ta
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiying Zhang
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, CAS, Xining 810008, China
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Li Z, Yang Q, Xie C, Wang H, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal characteristics of groundwater quality and health risk assessment in Jinghe River Basin, Chinese Loess Plateau. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114278. [PMID: 36379071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is a very important natural resource for humanity, however, the degradation of groundwater quality caused by anthropogenic activities may pose a serious hazard to human health and ecosystem. In this study, 143 groundwater samples were analyzed to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of hydrochemistry, groundwater quality and potential human health risk of groundwater in Jinghe River Basin, Chinese Loess Plateau. Based on the mean concentrations value (MCV) and over-standard rate (OSR), the groundwater in Jinghe River Basin were divided into three groups: Group Ⅰ (high MCV: greater than standard values and high OSR: ≥ 10 %) contains TDS (total dissolved solids), TH (total harness), SO42-, F- and Fe; Group Ⅱ (low MCV and high OSR) contains pH, Cl-, NO3-, Cr6+ and As, Group Ⅲ (low MCV and low OSR) contains NO2-, NH4+, Zn, Mn, Pb, I- and Cd. The results of set pair assessment indicated that the unsuitable and doubtful class of comprehensive groundwater quality are mainly distributed in the northern part of study area, accounting for 29 % and 13.6 % of the area in 2004 and 2015, respectively. Human health risk assessment based on the triangular fuzzy number suggested that the variation of risk levels in different age groups is Children > Adult Men > Adult Women. Average carcinogenic risks of As in groundwater for the three groups exceed the acceptable level, and non-carcinogenic risk of NO3- for Children is higher than the acceptable threshold. The findings of this study provide valuable insight into the spatiotemporal characteristics of groundwater quality and potential health risks of polluted groundwater by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Ecological Construction, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Remote Sensing Identification of Environmental Change Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Qingchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Chuan Xie
- Geothermal Institute of Hydrological Engineering Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Limited Company of Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Factory, Beijing 100094, PR China
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Salazar-Rojas T, Cejudo-Ruiz FR, Calvo-Brenes G. Comparison between machine linear regression (MLR) and support vector machine (SVM) as model generators for heavy metal assessment captured in biomonitors and road dust. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120227. [PMID: 36152719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to suspended particulate matter (PM), found in the air, is one of the most acute environmental problems that affect the health of modern society. Among the different airborne pollutants, heavy metals (HMs) are particularly relevant because they are bioaccumulated, impairing the functions of living beings. This study aimed to establish a method to predict heavy metal concentrations in leaves and road dust, through their magnetic properties measurements. For this purpose, machine learning, automatic linear regression (MLR), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to establish models for the prediction of airborne heavy metals based on leaves and road dust magnetic properties. Road dust samples and leaves of two common evergreen species (Cupressus lusitanica/Casuarina equisetifolia) were sampled simultaneously during two different years in the Great Metropolitan Area (GMA) of Costa Rica. MLR and SVM algorithms were used to establish the relationship between airborne heavy metal concentrations based on single (χlf) and multiple (χlf y χdf) leaf magnetic properties and road dust. Results showed that Fe, Cu, Cr, V, and Zn concentrations were well-simulated by SVM prediction models, with adjusted R2 values ≥ 0.7 in both training and test stages. By contrast, the concentrations of Pb and Ni were not well-simulated, with adjusted R2 values < 0.7 in both training and test stages. Heavy metal predicción models using magnetic properties of leaves from Casuarina equisetifolia, as collectors, yielded better prediction results than those based on the leaves of Cupressus lusitanica and road dust, showing relatively higher adjusted R2 values and lower errors (MAE and RMSE) in both training and test stages. SVM proved to be the best prediction model with variations between single (χlf) and multiple (χlf y χdf) magnetic properties depending on the element studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salazar-Rojas
- Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales para el Desarrollo (DOCINADE), Escuela de Química, Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica.
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Marengo M, Fullgrabe L, Fontaine Q, Boissery P, Cancemi M, Lejeune P, Gobert S. Ecological and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic element contamination in waters of a former asbestos mine (Canari, Mediterranean Sea): implications for management. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:150. [PMID: 36434162 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Between 1948 and 1965, the Canari asbestos mine (Corsica, France) discharged 11 million tonnes of serpentinite rubble into the sea. This study, therefore, aims to assess the environmental and health risks associated with contamination of potentially toxic elements using bioindicators (seagrass and fish) in the areas bordering the former mine within the perimeter of the Cap Corse and Agriate Marine Natural Park. The results and multivariate statistical analyses of the potentially toxic elements, made it possible to identify a concentration gradient, a model of bioaccumulation, and the occurrence of different groups, thus reflecting a spatial variation of the contamination. These results indicate that the former asbestos mine can still be considered, 55 years after its closure, as a major source of Co, Cr, and Ni for marine ecosystems and still influences the quality of the coastal area today. Our study, therefore, indicates that the two most polluted sites (Albo and Negru) are the closest stations to the south of the old Canary asbestos mine. According to the Trace Elements Pollution Index (TEPI) values, 6 species were classified as having a high contamination level: Scorpaena notata (1.37), Scorpaena porcus (1.36), Sepia officinalis (1.27), Diplodus vulgaris (1.02), Spicara maena (0.95), and Mullus surmuletus (0.94). Regarding the potentially toxic elements measured in the edible tissues of fish, the concentrations were all below the regulatory thresholds and did not reveal any potential risk to human health (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Se, Sn, Zn). This work provides new and useful information to improve the monitoring of the environmental quality of a region characterized by previous mining activity and to assess the potential risk to human health due to the consumption of fish. Beyond the purely scientific aspects, these results could serve as decision support at the regional level for the definition of long-term public policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Marengo
- STAtion de REcherches Sous-Marines Et Océanographiques (STARESO), Punta Revellata, BP33, 20260, Calvi, France.
| | - Lovina Fullgrabe
- STAtion de REcherches Sous-Marines Et Océanographiques (STARESO), Punta Revellata, BP33, 20260, Calvi, France
| | - Quentin Fontaine
- STAtion de REcherches Sous-Marines Et Océanographiques (STARESO), Punta Revellata, BP33, 20260, Calvi, France
| | - Pierre Boissery
- Agence de l'Eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse - Délégation Paca Corse, Immeuble Le Noailles, 62 La Canebière, 13001, Marseille, France
| | - Maddy Cancemi
- Parc Naturel Marin du Cap Corse et de l'Agriate (PNMCCA), Résidence 5Ème Avenue, Rue Paratojo, 20200, Bastia, France
| | - Pierre Lejeune
- STAtion de REcherches Sous-Marines Et Océanographiques (STARESO), Punta Revellata, BP33, 20260, Calvi, France
| | - Sylvie Gobert
- STAtion de REcherches Sous-Marines Et Océanographiques (STARESO), Punta Revellata, BP33, 20260, Calvi, France
- Université de Liège, Centre MARE, Laboratoire d'Océanologie, Sart-Tilman, B6c, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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Feng Z, Liu X, Wang L, Wang Y, Yang J, Wang Y, Huan Y, Liang T, Yu QJ. Comprehensive efficiency evaluation of wastewater treatment plants in northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using slack-based data envelopment analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:120008. [PMID: 36007794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive efficiency analysis of wastewater treatment plants (WWPTs) in the alpine region with harsh environment and poor techniques as well as managing experience could provide targeted and effective improvement evidences for local wastewater treatment industry and help to improve the water quality of downstream reaches. In this paper, slack-based data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) was adopted to assess the operating efficiencies of WWPTs in northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Results showed that the average efficiency score for all WWPTs was 0.608, and 32.5% of WWPTs were efficient. Some WWPTs had large improvement potentials in operating costs and pollutant removal rates. Lowering expenditures and promoting facility construction for WWPTs to overcome the climate difficulties and improve management level was necessary according to their improvement potentials. In addition, the relative importance of the quantitative influential factors to efficiencies scores calculated by random forest regression (RFR) indicated that design capacity and temperature were important quantitative factors affecting the performance of WWPTs. Furthermore, geographical location and design capacity also had significant influence on the comprehensive efficiency of WWPTs verified by Kruskal-Wallis test. Our results highlight the importance of facilities upgrading, scientific management for WWPTs. And the relative improvement suggestions on overcoming the high and cold environment should also be considered for the efficient operations of WWTPs as well as the protection the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Feng
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yazhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yizhong Huan
- School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiming Jimmy Yu
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane 4111 QLD, Australia
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Chen J, Gui H, Guo Y, Li J. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Shallow Groundwater of Coal-Poultry Farming Districts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12000. [PMID: 36231299 PMCID: PMC9566071 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the heavy metal (Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, Pb, and Cr) pollution characteristics, sources, and human health risks in shallow groundwater in the impact zones of urban and rural semi-intensive poultry farms in Suzhou City. Ordinary kriging interpolation showed that poultry farming contributed substantially to the pollution of shallow groundwater by Mn, Zn, and Cu. Positive matrix factorization was applied to identify the sources of heavy metals, and the health risks were assessed based on the hazard index and carcinogenic risks of the various sources. Heavy metal enrichment was closely related to anthropogenic activities. In addition, four sources were identified: poultry manure (29.33%), natural source (27.94%), industrial activities (22.29%), and poultry wastewater (20.48%). The main exposure route of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to adults and children was oral ingestion. The non-carcinogenic risk of oral ingestion in children was higher than that in adults; the carcinogenic risk was higher in adults than in children. Poultry manure (42.0%) was considered the largest contributor to non-carcinogenic risk, followed by poultry wastewater (21%), industrial activities (20%), and natural sources (17%). Industrial activity (44%) was the primary contributor to carcinogenic risk, followed by poultry wastewater (25%), poultry manure (19%), and natural sources (12%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Herong Gui
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Yan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Jun Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 232000, China
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Ren X, Yu R, Kang J, Li X, Wang R, Zhuang S, Wang D, Zhang X. Hydrochemical evaluation of water quality and its influencing factors in a closed inland lake basin of Northern China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1005289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the water quality and its influencing factors of different water bodies is essential for managing water resources in closed inland lake basins in semi-arid regions. However, generally, groundwater or surface water is assessed separately, and the differences among different water bodies are neglected. This study assessed the water quality and its influencing factors of different water bodies in the Daihai Lake Basin (a closed inland lake basin in a semi-arid region) by analysing the hydrochemical data of groundwater, and spring, river, and lake waters in the dry and wet seasons. The dominant hydrochemical type of groundwater (81.48%), spring water (80%), and river water (83.33%) was HCO3–Ca•Mg, while that of lake water was Cl-Na (100%). Groundwater, spring water, and river water were suitable for drinking and agricultural irrigation; however, the groundwater quality was worse in the wet season than in the dry season. Na+ and Cl– majorly affected the lake water quality. The mean NO3– concentration in groundwater was 28.39 mg/L, and its non-carcinogenic hazard quotient indicated that high risk areas were mainly distributed in Tiancheng and northern Maihutu. The hydrochemical compositions of groundwater, spring water, and river water were mainly influenced by rock (silicate and carbonate) weathering and cation exchange, and agricultural activities were the main sources of groundwater NO3–. Moreover, the lake hydrochemical composition was mainly affected by evaporation and halite dissolution. Thus, groundwater NO3– pollution and lake water salinisation should be prioritised. These findings provide a more thorough understanding of water quality and its influencing factors in the closed inland lake basin in the semi-arid region, and can be used to develop the protection of ecosystems and water resources management strategies in the Daihai Lake Basin.
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Pei L, Wang C, Zuo Y, Liu X, Chi Y. Impacts of Land Use on Surface Water Quality Using Self-Organizing Map in Middle Region of the Yellow River Basin, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10946. [PMID: 36078661 PMCID: PMC9517833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River is one of the most important water sources in China, and its surrounding land use affected by human activities is an important factor in water quality pollution. To understand the impact of land use types on water quality in the Sanmenxia section of the Yellow River, the water quality index (WQI) was used to evaluate the water quality. A self-organizing map (SOM) was used for clustering analysis of water quality indicators, and the relationship between surface water quality and land use types was further analyzed by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that WQI values ranged from 82.60 to 507.27, and the highest value was the sampling site S3, whose water quality grade was "Likely not suitable for drinking", mainly polluted by agricultural non-point sources ammonia nitrogen pollution. SOM clustered the sampling sites into 4 groups according to the water quality indicators, the main influencing factors for different groups were analyzed and explored in more depth in relation to land use types, suggesting that surface water quality was significantly connected with the proportion of land use types at the watershed scale in the interpretation of water quality change. The negative impact of cropland on surface water quality was greater than that of other land use types, and vegetation showed a greater positive impact on surface water quality than other land uses. The results provide evidence for water environment conservation based on land use in the watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Pei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiping Zuo
- Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanyan Chi
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100102, China
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Zhao X, Liu X, Xing Y, Wang L, Wang Y. Evaluation of water quality using a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy neural network and determination of heavy metal pollution index in a typical site upstream of the Yellow River. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113058. [PMID: 35255414 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of river water quality is very important for understanding the impact of human activities on aquatic ecosystems. As the second-largest river in China, the Yellow River's water environment is closely related to the social development and water security of northern China. The Huangshui River is a major tributary of the upper Yellow River, and it supplies water to cities in the lower reaches. In this study, a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy neural network was used to evaluate water quality of the Huangshui River, and pollutant sources were analyzed. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) was calculated to assess the heavy metal pollution level, and the health risks posed by heavy metal elements were assessed. The results indicated that the main contaminants in the Huangshui River were ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP), which was affected by various activities of industry, agriculture, and urbanization, and the maximum concentration of NH3-N and TP was 5.90 mg/L and 0.36 mg/L, respectively. The T-S evaluation results of some points in the middle reaches were 3.317 and 3.197, which belonged to Level Ⅳ and the water quality was poor. The concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cr in the river were 0.57-44.58 μg/L, 10-122.50 μg/L and 2-28.67 μg/L, respectively, and they were relatively large. The T-S fuzzy neural network could evaluate water quality, avoiding extreme evaluation results by using fuzzy rules to reduce the influence of pollutant concentrations that are too high or too low. In addition to qualitative categorization of water quality, this approach can also quantitatively assess water quality within a single category. The results of water quality assessment could provide a scientific data support for river management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yue Xing
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Guo G, Li K, Zhang D, Lei M. Quantitative source apportionment and associated driving factor identification for soil potential toxicity elements via combining receptor models, SOM, and geo-detector method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154721. [PMID: 35341851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative source apportionment of soil potential toxicity elements (PTEs) and associated driving factor identification are critical for prevention and control of soil PTEs. In this study, 421 soil samples from a typical area in southeastern Yunnan Province of China were collected to evaluate the pollution level of soil PTE using pollution factors, pollution load index, and enrichment factors. Positive matrix factorization (PMF), absolute principal component score/multiple line regression (APCS/MLR), edge analysis (UNMIX) and self-organizing map (SOM) were applied for source apportionment of soil PTEs. The geo-detector method (GDM) was used to identify the driving factor to PTE pollution sources, which assisted in source interpretation derived from receptor models. The results showed that the geometric mean of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 94.94, 1.02, 108.6, 75.40, 57.14, 160.2, and 200.3 mg/kg, which were significantly higher than their corresponding background values (P < 0.00). Particularly, As and Cd were 8.71 and 12.75 times higher than their corresponding background values, respectively. SOM yielded four clusters of soil PTEs: AsCd, PbZn, CrNi, and Cu. APCS/MLR was regarded as the preferred receptor model for source apportionment of soil PTEs due to its optimal performance. The results of ACPS/MLR revealed that 36.64% of Pb and 38.30% of Zn were related to traffic emissions, Cr (92.64%) and Ni (82.51%) to natural sources, As (85.83%) and Cd (87.04%) to industrial discharge, and Cu (42.78%) to agricultural activities. Distance to road, lithology, distance to industries, and land utilization were the respective major driving factor influencing these four sources, with the q values of 0.1213, 0.1032, 0.2295 and 0.1137, respectively. Additionally, GDM revealed that nonlinear interactions between anthropogenic and natural factors influencing PTEs sources. Based on these results, comprehensive prevention and control strategies should be considered for pollution prevention and risk controlling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Degang Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Liu J, Wei X, Ren S, Qi J, Cao J, Wang J, Wan Y, Liu Y, Zhao M, Wang L, Xiao T. Synergetic removal of thallium and antimony from wastewater with jacobsite-biochar-persulfate system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119196. [PMID: 35341819 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Both of thallium (Tl) and antimony (Sb) are toxic elements in the natural environment. Emerging Tl and Sb pollution in water has gradually gained public concerns globally. However, limited technologies are available for co-removal of Tl and Sb from wastewater. Herein, an novel system was successfully fabricated to enhance the synergetic removal of both Tl and Sb in wastewater. In this study, MnFe2O4-biochar composite (MFBC) facilely synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method was used as adsorbent and persulfate (PS) activator for simultaneously removing Tl and Sb from wastewater. The optimal reaction conditions for best removal efficiency of Tl and Sb simultaneously were obtained by using the response surface design combined with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model. Results unveiled that the average removal rates of Tl and Sb can achieve 98.33% and 89.14%, respectively under the optimal reaction conditions. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), and radical quenching experiments showed that OH• and SO4•- play a critical role in the removal of Tl-Sb compound pollution. Via using different characterization, it is revealed that the mechanism of removing Tl-Sb containing wastewater by MFBC-1.4/PS system is oxidation, adsorption, complexation and ion exchange. All these results indicate that MFBC-1.4/PS technology is prospective in highly effective removal of Tl and Sb from wastewater simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xudong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Qi
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jielong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuebing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, 510006, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
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Ren S, Wei X, Wang J, Liu J, Ouyang Q, Jiang Y, Hu H, Huang Y, Zheng W, Nicoletto C, Renella G. Unexpected enrichment of thallium and its geochemical behaviors in soils impacted by historically industrial activities using lead‑zinc carbonate minerals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153399. [PMID: 35092772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thallium is a trace metal with severe toxicity. Contamination of thallium (Tl) generated by steel and non-ferrous metals industry is gaining growing concern worldwide. However, little is known on Tl contamination owing to industrial activities using carbonate minerals. This study revealed abundant geochemical mobile/bioavailable Tl (> 65.7%, in average; mostly in oxidizable fraction) in soils from a carbonate-hosted PbZn ore utilizing area in China for the first time. Unexpected Tl enrichment was observed in soil accompanying with 3655, 7820, 100.1, 27.3 and 29.9 mg/kg (in average) of Pb, Zn, As, Cd and Sb, respectively. Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further confirmed that historical industrial activities impose anthropogenic catastrophic effects on the local agricultural soil system. The ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in soils proclaimed serious potential non-carcinogenic risks of Pb and V to adults, and Pb, Tl and As to children. Sequential extraction analysis showed that Tl, as well as Pb, Zn, Mn, Co, and Cd, mainly existed in the mobile fractions (exchangeable/acid-extractable, reducible and oxidizable), indicating an ecological risk of biological accumulation of multiple metal(loid)s in this area. These findings provide a theoretical basis for taking appropriate remediation measures in order to ensure safety of soils in such industrial areas likewise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xudong Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Agripolis Campus, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qi'en Ouyang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiyao Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yeliang Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wentao Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Carlo Nicoletto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Agripolis Campus, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Renella
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Agripolis Campus, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Wang X, Wang L, Zhang Q, Liang T, Li J, Bruun Hansen HC, Shaheen SM, Antoniadis V, Bolan N, Rinklebe J. Integrated assessment of the impact of land use types on soil pollution by potentially toxic elements and the associated ecological and human health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118911. [PMID: 35101556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of land use type on the content of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and the associated ecological and human health risks has drawn great attention. Consequently, in this study, top- and subsurface soil samples were collected from areas with four different land uses (i.e., cropland, forest, grassland, and developed area) and the total contents of Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined. Geostatistical analysis, self-organizing map (SOM), and positive matrix factorization (PMF), ecological risk assessment (ERA) and human health risk assessment (HRA) were applied and used to classify and identify the contamination sources and assess the potential risk. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was applied to clarify the relationship of land use with PTE contents and risk. The PTE contents in all topsoil samples surpassed the respective background concentrations of China and corresponding subsurface concentrations. However, the ecological risk of all soil samples remained at a moderate or considerable level across the four land use types. Developed area and cropland showed a higher ecological risk than the other two land use types. Industrial discharges (32.8%), agricultural inputs (22.6%), natural sources (23.7%), and traffic emissions (20.9%) were the primary PTE sources in the tested soils, which indicate that anthropogenic activities have significantly affected soil PTE contents to a greater extent than other sources. Industrial discharge was the most prominent source of non-carcinogenic health risk, contributing 37.7% for adults and 35.2% for children of the total risk. The results of PLS-PM revealed that land use change associated with intensive human activities such as industrial activities and agricultural practices distinctly affected the PTE contents in soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hans Chr Bruun Hansen
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Zhang R, Ali A, Su J, Liu J, Wang Z, Li J, Liu Y. Synergistic removal of fluoride, calcium, and nitrate in a biofilm reactor based on anaerobic microbially induced calcium precipitation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 428:128102. [PMID: 35030488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F-) and calcium (Ca2+) are primary causes of skeleton fluorosis and scaling, posing a grievous threat to aquatic lives and public health. Therefore, a novel strategy for polluted groundwater in immobilized biofilm reactor based on the anaerobic microbial induced calcium precipitation (MICP) was proposed, in which loofah was used as a multifunctional strain Cupriavidus sp. W12 growth carrier. Effects of different hydraulic retention time (HRT), initial F-concentration, and pH on the synchronous removal of pollutants were examined. Under stable operation conditions, the highest efficiencies for Ca2+, F-, and nitrate (NO3--N) reached 76.73%, 94.92%, and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, gas chromatography (GC), Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscope (SEM-EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) comprehensively clarified the mechanism of pollutants removal. The results elucidated that the removal of various pollutants was achieved through a combination of anaerobic MICP, adsorption, and co-precipitation. Besides, high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that Cupriavidus had a predominant proportion of 42.36% in the reactor and had stability against pH impact. As the first application of a biofilm reactor based on anaerobic MICP, it put forward a new insight for efficient defluorination and decalcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Jiaran Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Haghnazar H, Cunningham JA, Kumar V, Aghayani E, Mehraein M. COVID-19 and urban rivers: Effects of lockdown period on surface water pollution and quality- A case study of the Zarjoub River, north of Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27382-27398. [PMID: 34981401 PMCID: PMC8723709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the spreading of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in Iran, restrictions and lockdown were announced to control the infection. In order to determine the effects of the lockdown period on the status of the water quality and pollution, the concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn, together with Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and electrical conductivity (EC), were measured in the Zarjoub River, north of Iran, in both pre-lockdown and post-lockdown periods. The results indicated that water pollution and associated human health risk reduced by an average of 30% and 39%, respectively, during the lockdown period. In addition, the multi-purpose water quality index also improved by an average of 34%. However, the water salinity and alkalinity increased during the lockdown period due to the increase of municipal wastewater and the use of disinfectants. The major sources of pollution were identified as weathering, municipal wastewater, industrial and agricultural effluents, solid waste, and vehicular pollution. PCA-MLR receptor model showed that the contribution of mixed sources of weathering and municipal wastewater in water pollution increased from 23 to 50% during the lockdown period. However, the contribution of mixed sources of industrial effluents and solid wastes reduced from 64 to 45%. Likewise, the contribution of traffic-related sources exhibited a reduction from 13% in the pre-lockdown period to 5% together with agricultural effluent in the post-lockdown period. Overall, although the lockdown period resulted in positive impacts on diminishing the level of water pollution caused by industrial and vehicular contaminants, the increase of municipal waste and wastewater is a negative consequence of the lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Haghnazar
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT , USA
| | - Jeffrey A Cunningham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban, 182,144, India
| | - Ehsan Aghayani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mehraein
- Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, 15,719-14,911, No.43 South Mofatteh Ave, Tehran, Iran.
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Dai L, Han T, Ma G, Tian X, Meng K, Lei Z, Ren J. Effective removal of Cd(Ⅱ) by sludge biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron from aqueous solution: Characterization, adsorption properties and mechanism. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01735k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has a high chemical reactivity for heavy metals, but nZVI forms aggregate easily. In this study, a synthesis of sludge biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI@SBC) by...
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Su H, Kang W, Li Y, Li Z. Fluoride and nitrate contamination of groundwater in the Loess Plateau, China: Sources and related human health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117287. [PMID: 33971470 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F-) and nitrate (NO3-) in groundwater have caused serious health problems worldwide. However, in the Chinese Loess Plateau where groundwater is the primary source of drinking water, previous studies have rarely reported the health risks from fluoride and nitrate in groundwater. Therefore, we collected 105 groundwater samples (78 from shallow aquifers and 27 from deep aquifers) from the western district of the Loess Plateau for physicochemical and isotopic analysis to investigate the sources of F- and NO3- in groundwater and associated health risks. Fluoride concentration in 73.1% of shallow groundwater and 22.2% of deep groundwater exceeds 1.5 mg/L, while NO3- content in 76.3% of shallow groundwater and 51.9% of deep groundwater surpasses 50 mg/L. High-F- groundwater is associated with HCO3-Na, SO4-Na·Mg and Cl-Na·Mg types water. Fluorine-bearing minerals dissolution, cation exchange, calcite precipitation, evaporation, and anthropogenic activities contribute significantly F- in groundwater. Mixing with shallow groundwater is an important source of F- in deep groundwater. The NO3- content is highest in Cl type water, followed by SO4 type and HCO3 type water. NO3- mainly originates from soil organic nitrogen (SON), chemical fertilizers (CF), and manure and sewage (M&S). Nitrification is the dominant transformation process of nitrogen nutrients in groundwater. The hazard index (HI) values for shallow groundwater are 0.203-9.232 for adults, 0.253-11.522 for teenagers, 0.359-16.322 for children, and 0.507-23.043 for infants, while those for deep groundwater are 0.713-5.813 for adults, 0.890-7.254 for teenagers, 1.261-10.277 for children, and 1.780-14.508 for infants. Approximately 96.2% of shallow groundwater poses non-carcinogenic risks to infants and children, followed by 92.3% to teenagers, and 89.7% to adults. All deep groundwater poses non-carcinogenic risks to infants and children, followed by 92.6% to teenagers, and 74.1% to adults. This study is helpful to develop strategies for the integrated management of high fluoride or nitrate groundwater in arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Su
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Weidong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Identification of Groundwater Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of a Landfill in a Low Permeability Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147690. [PMID: 34300140 PMCID: PMC8307002 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The shallow weathering fissure groundwater in the red-bed area of Southwest China is usually the only drinking water source for most rural residents. In this study, a typical landfill with surrounding residents drinking unpurified groundwater in red-bed area was selected and water quality detection, groundwater numerical simulation and human health risk assessment were used to identify and assess groundwater pollution in the region. The chemical type evolved from HCO3-SO4-Ca-Mg and HCO3-SO4-Ca to Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 contaminated by the landfill. Na+ and Cl− were selected as factors for rapid identification of groundwater pollution. Subsequent analyses using these factors showed that the leachate pollution plume boundary was 190 m downstream of the landfill. Analysis of the redox conditions revealed that the area from the landfill to 5 m downstream was the reduction zone, while the area beyond 5 m was the oxidation zone. The migration and attenuation patterns of inorganic salts (such as SO42−) and heavy metals (such as Fe and Mn) in the oxidation and reduction zones differed obviously. Meanwhile, the organic pollutants in the leachate were reduced and decomposed into organic acids, which caused the groundwater 80 m downstream of the landfill to become weakly acidic (pH ranged from 6.51 to 6.83), and promoted re-entry of adsorbed heavy metals (such as Pb) into the groundwater. The groundwater risk assessment based on human health revealed that lead, manganese, chlorobenzene, dichloroethane and chloroform constituted a major health threat to the residents. The rank of non-carcinogenic risk was lead >manganese, and the maximum area of non-carcinogenic risk was 15,485 m2. The total carcinogenic risk caused by organic pollutants was 7.9 × 10−6, and the area of the carcinogenic risk zone was 11,414 m2. Overall, the results of this study provide a scientific basis for management of drinking water and groundwater remediation in the red-bed area with low permeability.
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