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Fang B, Wei J, Chen L, Jin S, Li Q, Cai R, Qian N, Gu Z, Chen L, Santon R, Wang C, Song W. Short-term association of particulate matter and cardiovascular disease mortality in Shanghai, China between 2003 and 2020. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1388069. [PMID: 38651122 PMCID: PMC11034551 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1388069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence regarding the effects of particulate matter (PM) pollutants on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remains limited in Shanghai, China. Our objective was to thoroughly evaluate associations between PM pollutants and CVD mortality. Methods Daily data on CVD mortality, PM (PM10 and PM2.5) pollutants, and meteorological variables in Shanghai, China were gathered from 2003 to 2020. We utilized a time-series design with the generalized additive model to assess associations between PM pollutants and CVD mortality. Additionally, we conducted stratified analyses based on sex, age, education, and seasons using the same model. Results We found that PM pollutants had a significant association with CVD mortality during the study period. Specifically, there was a 0.29% (95%CI: 0.14, 0.44) increase in CVD mortality for every 10 μg/m3 rise in a 2-day average (lag01) concentration of PM10. A 0.28% (95% CI: 0.07, 0.49) increase in CVD mortality was associated with every 10 μg/m3 rise in PM2.5 concentration at lag01. Overall, the estimated effects of PM10 and PM2.5 were larger in the warm period compared with the cold period. Furthermore, males and the older adult exhibited greater susceptibility to PM10 and PM2.5 exposure, and individuals with lower education levels experienced more significant effects from PM10 and PM2.5 than those with higher education levels. Conclusion Our findings suggested that PM pollutants have a substantial impact on increasing CVD mortality in Shanghai, China. Moreover, the impacts of air pollution on health may be altered by factors such as season, sex, age, and educational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Lei Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Renzhi Cai
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Naisi Qian
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Vital Strategies, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Vital Strategies, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chunfang Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Song
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Vaičiulis V, Venclovienė J, Miškinytė A, Ustinavičienė R, Dėdelė A, Kalinienė G, Lukšienė D, Tamošiūnas A, Seiduanova L, Radišauskas R. Association between Outdoor Air Pollution and Fatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in Lithuania between 2006 and 2015: A Time Series Design. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4549. [PMID: 36901560 PMCID: PMC10002310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution has a significant effect on human health and there is a broad body of evidence showing that exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of adverse health effects. The main objective of this study was to assess the association of traffic-related air pollutants with fatal AMI during the ten-year period. METHODS The study was conducted in Kaunas city, where the WHO MONICA register included a total of 2273 adult cases of fatal AMI cases during the 10-year study period. We focused on the period between 2006 and 2015. The associations between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and the risk of fatal AMI were evaluated by using a multivariate Poisson regression model, RR presented per an increase in IQR. RESULTS It was found that the risk of fatal AMI was significantly higher in all subjects (RR 1.06; 95% CI 1.00-1.12) and women (RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02-1.22) when the concentration of PM10 in the ambient air was increased 5-11 days before the onset of AMI, adjusting for NO2 concentration. The effect was stronger during spring in all subjects (RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.03-1.22), in men (RR 1.13; 95% CI 1.01-1.26), in younger-aged (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.03-1.28), and in winter in women (RR 1.24; 95% CI 1.03-1.50). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that ambient air pollution increases the risk of fatal AMI, and this pertains to PM10 specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidmantas Vaičiulis
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jonė Venclovienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio St. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 15, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Auksė Miškinytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio St. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Ustinavičienė
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Dėdelė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio St. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Kalinienė
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Lukšienė
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 15, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Abdonas Tamošiūnas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 15, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laura Seiduanova
- Department of Health Politics and Management, School of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ričardas Radišauskas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 15, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Gao Y, Sheng W, Yang Y. Air pollution and coronary heart disease-related hospital visits in Beijing, China: time-series analysis using a generalized additive model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:36938-36951. [PMID: 36562963 PMCID: PMC9780628 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To investigate correlations between environmental and meteorological factors and frequency of presentation for coronary heart disease (CHD) in Beijing. Daily measurements of levels of six atmospheric pollutants were made, data relating to meteorological conditions collected, and CHD-related outpatient visits recorded from January 2015 to December 2019 in Beijing. A time-series analysis was made, using a generalized additive model with Poisson distribution, and R 3.6.3 software was used to estimate relationships among levels of atmospheric pollutants, ambient temperature, and visits occasioned by CHD. Results were controlled for time-dependent trend, other weather variables, day of the week, and holiday effects. Lag-response curves were plotted for specific and incremental cumulative effects of relative risk (RR). The aim was to correlate meteorological-environmental factors and the daily number of CHD-related hospital visits and to quantify the degree of correlation to identify any pathological associations. Response diagrams and three-dimensional diagrams of predicted exposure lag effects were constructed in order to evaluate relationships among the parameters of air pollution, temperature, and daily CHD visits. The fitted model was employed to predict the lag RR and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for specific and incremental cumulative effects of random air pollutants at random concentrations. This model may then be used to predict effects on the outcome variable at any concentration of any defined pollutant, giving flexibility for public health purposes. The overall lag-response RR curves for the specific cumulative effects of the pollutants, particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, and NO2, were statistically significant and for PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NO2, the overall lag-response RR curves for the incremental cumulative effect were statistically significant. When PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, and NO2 concentrations were above threshold values and the temperature was below 45 °F (reference value 70 °F), the number of CHD-related hospital visits increased with a time lag effect. The outpatient volume of CHD was predicted by the model to guide the flexible distribution of medical resources. Elevated PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, and NO2 concentrations in the atmosphere combined and low ambient temperature increased the risk of CHD with a time lag effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Weixuan Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Yongtao Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Beijing Huaxin Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua Uinversity, Beijing, 100016 China
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Park Y, Koo JH, Jeong H, Jung JY, Kim C, Kang DR. Evaluation of an air quality warning system for vulnerable and susceptible individuals in Korea: an interrupted time series analysis. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023020. [PMID: 36791794 PMCID: PMC10581892 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of an air quality warning system (AQWS) implemented in January 2015 in Korea by analyzing changes in the incidence and exacerbation rates of environmental diseases. METHODS Data from patients with environmental diseases were extracted from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database from 2010 to 2019, and data on environmental risk factors were acquired from the AirKorea database. Patient and meteorological data were linked based on residential area. An interrupted time series analysis with Poisson segmented regression was used to compare the rates before and after AQWS introduction. Adjustment variables included seasonality, air pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter, and ozone), temperature, and humidity. RESULTS After AQWS implementation, the incidence of asthma gradually decreased by 20.5%. Cardiovascular disease and stroke incidence also significantly decreased (by 34.3 and 43.0%, respectively). However, no immediate or gradual decrease was identified in the exacerbation rate of any environmental disease after AQWS implementation. Sensitivity analyses were performed according to age, disability, and health insurance coverage type. Overall, the AQWS effectively mitigated the occurrence of most environmental diseases in Korea. However, the relationships between alarm system implementation and reduced incidence differed among diseases based on the characteristics of vulnerable and sensitive individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that by tailoring the AQWS to demographic and sociological characteristics and providing enhanced education about the warning system, interventions can become an efficient policy tool to decrease air pollution- related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- YouHyun Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Health Big Data Clinical Research Institute, Yonsei University Wonju Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Koo
- National Health Big Data Clinical Research Institute, Yonsei University Wonju Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hoyeon Jeong
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Health Big Data Clinical Research Institute, Yonsei University Wonju Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- National Health Big Data Clinical Research Institute, Yonsei University Wonju Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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The Association of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Air Pollutants—A Population-Based Study. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Air pollutants are substances in the air that have harmful effects on humans and the ecological environment. Although slight elevations in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are commonly observed in apparently healthy persons, potential associations between CEA levels and chronic low-grade inflammation induced by air pollution have yet to be documented. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study to estimate the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and the CEA. A total of 9728 participants from health examinations were enrolled for the analysis and linked with their residential air pollutant data including ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM10). The results showed that every increase of 1 ppm O3 significantly increased the mean differences of the CEA blood concentration by 0.005 ng/mL. Each increase of 1 ppm CO significantly reduced the mean differences of the CEA blood concentration by 0.455 ng/mL. Although smoking and alcohol drinking also increased the CEA levels, with adjustment of these confounders we identified a significant association between serum CEA in the general population and levels of the air pollutants O3 and CO. In conclusion, the serum CEA concentrations and short-term air pollutants O3 and CO exposure were found to have a significant relationship; however, its mechanism is still unclear. Moreover, long-term air pollution exposure and changes in CEA concentration still need to be further evaluated.
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Seasonal Variations in the Daily Mortality Associated with Exposure to Particles, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2000 to 2016. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban air pollutant emissions and concentrations vary throughout the year due to various factors, e.g., meteorological conditions and human activities. In this study, seasonal variations in daily mortality associated with increases in the concentrations of PM10 (particulate matter), PM2.5–10 (coarse particles), BC (black carbon), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), and O3 (ozone) were calculated for Stockholm during the period from 2000 to 2016. The excess risks in daily mortality are presented in single and multi-pollutant models during the whole year and divided into four different seasons, i.e., winter (December–February), spring (March–May), summer (June–August), and autumn (September–November). The excess risks in the single-pollutant models associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase for a lag 02 during the whole year were 0.8% (95% CI: 0.1–1.4) for PM10, 1.1% (95% CI: 0.4–1.8) for PM2.5–10, 0.5% (95% CI: −0.5–1.5) for BC, −1.5% (95% CI: −0.5–−2.5) for NO2, and 1.9% (95% CI: 1.0–2.9) for O3. When divided into different seasons, the excess risks for PM10 and PM2.5–10 showed a clear pattern, with the strongest associations during spring and autumn, but with weaker associations during summer and winter, indicating increased risks associated with road dust particles during these seasons. For BC, which represents combustion-generated particles, the pattern was not very clear, but the strongest positive excess risks were found during autumn. The excess risks for NO2 were negative during all seasons, and in several cases even statistically significantly negative, indicating that NO2 in itself was not harmful at the concentrations prevailing during the measurement period (mean values < 20 µg m−3). For O3, the excess risks were statistically significantly positive during “all year” in both the single and the multi-pollutant models. The excess risks for O3 in the single-pollutant models were also statistically significantly positive during all seasons.
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Choi K, Yang W. Psychological Changes and Cancer Occurrence in Seoul Citizens Due to Changes in Fine Dust Concentration before Seoul Fine Dust Policy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111210. [PMID: 34769729 PMCID: PMC8583327 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Particulate matter and urban air pollution affect the human body and can lead to death. Epidemiological studies should consider exposure to pollutants and the diverse responses of individuals, depending on their sensitivity to the pollutants. Methods: In this study, air pollution measurements were obtained hourly at measuring stations operated by national and local governments to increase the reliability of the measured values. A β-ray absorption method was used to analyze the measurements of fine dust and determine the particulate matter content. Results: The air pollution data were log-linear, thereby enabling a comparison of data from different time periods. The comparison was made by focusing on the period of the implementation of Seoul’s fine dust policy. It was observed that the cancer incidence rate decreased after the implementation of the policy. The data on individual characteristics were obtained from a survey of Seoul citizens conducted from 2015 to 2016 using indicators such as quality of life and the social trust of Seoul citizens. Conclusion: The survey on the living environment and residence indicated that 80% of the heads of households were men. Women had a greater dissatisfaction than men with their residential, economic, and social environments. The survey questions on well-being were related to elements of internal and external environments, such as air pollution, noise, and fine dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilyong Choi
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Anyang University, Anyang 14028, Korea;
| | - Wonho Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 38430, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-850-3739; Fax: +82-53-850-3736
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Zhang Y, Ma Y, Feng F, Cheng B, Wang H, Shen J, Jiao H. Association between PM 10 and specific circulatory system diseases in China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12129. [PMID: 34108571 PMCID: PMC8190074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) has been proved to be a risk factor for the development of circulatory system diseases (CSDs) around the world. In this study, we collected daily air pollutants, emergency room (ER) visits for CSDs, and meteorological data from 2009 to 2012 in Beijing, China. After controlling for the long-term trend and eliminating the influence of confounding factors, the generalized additive model (GAM) was used to evaluate the short-term effects of PM10 on CSDs and cause-specific diseases. The results showed that for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10, the largest effect estimates in ER visits of total CSDs, arrhythmia, cerebrovascular diseases, high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease and other related diseases were 0.14% (95% CI: 0.06-0.23%), 0.37% (95% CI: - 0.23 to 0.97%), 0.20% (95% CI: 0.00-0.40%), 0.15% (95% CI: 0.02-0.27%), 0.18% (95% CI: 0.02-0.35%) and 0.35% (95% CI: - 0.04 to 0.79%), respectively. When NO2 or SO2 was added into the model, the effect estimates of PM10 were mostly attenuated, while in those models with PM2.5 added, the effect estimates of PM10 were mostly increased. Stratified analysis indicated that PM10 had a greater effect on males and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Fengliu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiahui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haoran Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Bergmann S, Li B, Pilot E, Chen R, Wang B, Yang J. Effect modification of the short-term effects of air pollution on morbidity by season: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:136985. [PMID: 32044481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the health effects of air pollution have traditionally controlled for ambient temperature as a confounder, and vice versa. However, season might be an important factor contributing to adverse health effects of air pollution. Given the current inconsistencies in results of previous studies on the effect modification of air pollution on morbidity by season, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the current evidence on effects of season on air pollution and morbidity. The electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang were used to identify papers published up to the 30st of November in 2019. We identified 4284 articles, after screening, eighty papers met the inclusion criteria. Significant effect modification of CO, O3, SO2 and NO2 on morbidity by season was observed, with corresponding ratio of relative risk of 1.0009 (95% CI: 1.0001-1.0018), 1.0080 (95% CI: 1.0021-1.0138), 0.9828 (95% CI: 0.9697-0.9962) and 0.9896 (95% CI: 0.9824-0.9968), respectively. Season significantly modified the effect of CO on pneumonia, the effect of SO2 on cardiovascular disease, the effect of PM10 on stroke, and the effect of O3 on stroke, asthma and pneumonia. The effect modifications of air pollution by season were similar among males and females, while the effect estimates seem to be higher among children under 18 years old and the elderly aged 75 or over. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the seasonal variance of the effect of air pollutants on morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bergmann
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bixia Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Eva Pilot
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Renchao Chen
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Boguang Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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de Aguiar Pontes Pamplona Y, Arbex MA, Braga ALF, Pereira LAA, Martins LC. Relationship between air pollution and hospitalizations for congestive heart failure in elderly people in the city of São Paulo. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18208-18220. [PMID: 32172424 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of air pollutants on hospitalizations of elderly people for congestive heart failure (CHF) in the city of São Paulo, stratified by sex, exploring lag structures, from 2000 to 2013. Ecological time series study using information on hospitalization of elderly patients for CHF (ICD-10th: I50) obtained from DATASUS for the city of São Paulo. Information on O3, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, temperature and humidity was obtained from CETESB. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation, and generalized linear Poisson regression model were applied to estimate the effects of pollutants. The interquartile variations of O3 (52.45 μg/m3), PM10 (24.28 μg/m3), NO2 (7.63 μg/m3), SO2 (50.22 μg/m3), and CO (1.28 ppm) were associated with increased hospitalizations for CHF. Air pollutants continue to be a factor that contributes to the increase in the number of hospitalizations due to CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Abdo Arbex
- Centro Universitário de Araraquara- UNIARA, Araraquara, SP, 14801-320, Brazil
| | - Alfésio Luís Ferreira Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Amador Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Conceição Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, 11045-003, Brazil
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11
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Chae SM, Kim D. Research Trends in Agenda-setting for Climate Change Adaptation Policy in the Public Health Sector in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2020; 53:3-14. [PMID: 32023669 PMCID: PMC7002993 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.19.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to assess the health effects of climate change in Korea. However, there has been a lack of consideration regarding how the results of these studies can be applied to relevant policies. The current study aims to examine research trends at the agenda-setting stage and to review future ways in which health-related adaptation to climate change can be addressed within national public health policy. A systematic review of previous studies of the health effects of climate change in Korea was conducted. Many studies have evaluated the effect of ambient temperature on health. A large number of studies have examined the effects on deaths and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, but a limitation of these studies is that it is difficult to apply their findings to climate change adaptation policy in the health sector. Many infectious disease studies were also identified, but these mainly focused on malaria. Regarding climate change-related factors other than ambient temperature, studies of the health effects of these factors (with the exception of air pollution) are limited. In Korea, it can be concluded that studies conducted as part of the agenda-setting stage are insufficient, both because studies on the health effects of climate change have not ventured beyond defining the problem and because health adaptation to climate change has not been set as an important agenda item. In the future, the sharing and development of relevant databases is necessary. In addition, the priority of agenda items should be determined as part of a government initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Mi Chae
- Center for Research on Future Disease Response, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Sejong, Korea
| | - Daeeun Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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12
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Byun G, Kim H, Choi Y, Lee JT. The difference in effect of ambient particles on mortality between days with and without yellow dust events: Using a larger dataset in Seoul, Korea from 1998 to 2015. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:819-826. [PMID: 31326805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow Dust (YD) is a natural source of particulate matter (PM) in Korea. It remarkably increases the concentration of PM. However, characteristics of PM in YD period are different from those of PM in non-YD period. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the association of PM with mortality is different between all days and non-YD days in Seoul, Korea, 1998-2015. METHODS We applied time-stratified case-crossover design to estimate effects of PM10 and PM2.5 on non-accidental cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Effect estimates of PM were compared for all days in the study period and days without YD events. To identify whether different effect estimates between all days and non-YD days were not merely caused by the exclusion of high PM concentrations but rather by YD itself, we estimated effects of PM by randomly excluding the same number of days as days of YD. RESULTS A total of 4,509,392 deaths were observed during the study period. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 or PM2.5 was associated with a 0.15% (95% CI: 0.06% to 0.24%) or 0.27% (95% CI: 0.07% to 0.47%) increase in risk of non-accidental mortality for all days, respectively. These associations were changed to 0.30% (95% CI: 0.18% to 0.42%) and 0.33% (95% CI: 0.10% to 0.55%) when YD days were excluded from analyses. We also found that effect estimates of PM were larger when YD days were excluded than those when high PM concentrations were randomly excluded. CONCLUSIONS The effect estimates of PM differed between all days and non-YD days. Our study suggests that including YD days in the analyses is likely to attenuate the effect of PM in a usual urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Byun
- The BK21PLUS Program in 'Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction', Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Honghyok Kim
- The BK21PLUS Program in 'Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction', Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- The BK21PLUS Program in 'Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction', Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- The BK21PLUS Program in 'Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction', Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; School of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 0284e1, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Long-term Effects of Cumulative Average PM2.5 Exposure on the Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke. Epidemiology 2019; 30 Suppl 1:S90-S98. [DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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Pothirat C, Chaiwong W, Liwsrisakun C, Bumroongkit C, Deesomchok A, Theerakittikul T, Limsukon A, Tajarernmuang P, Phetsuk N. Acute effects of air pollutants on daily mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:3070-3083. [PMID: 31463136 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.07.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Chiang Dao is one of the districts in Chiang Mai, Thailand facing high level of seasonal air pollution every year, the exposure of community dwellers to outdoor air pollutants 24 hours a day during seasonal smog period because of their open-air housing style, and agricultural occupational hazard. In addition, Chiang Dao hospital is the only available hospital serving the community with open-air wards; therefore we could certainly to identify the association between air pollution and mortality of hospitalized patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the association between daily average seasonal air pollutants and daily mortality of hospitalized patients and community dwellers as well as emergency and hospitalization visits for serious respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods This time series study was conducted between 1 March 2016 and 31 March 2017. The association of various air pollutant concentrations including particulate matter diameter less than 10 and 2.5 microns (PM10 and PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and daily mortality of hospitalized patients and community dwellers as well as relationship with frequencies of serious respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases were analyzed using a general linear model with Poisson distribution. Results Only PM2.5 was found to be associated with increased daily mortality of hospitalized patients (lag day 6, adjusted RR =1.153, 95% CI: 1.001-1.329), whereas PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and O3 were associated with increased daily non-accidental mortality of community dwellers (lag day 0-7, adjusted RR =1.006-1.040, 95% CI: 1.000-1.074). For acute serious respiratory events; PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), while SO2, CO, and O3 were associated with emergency visits for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). O3 was associated with emergency visits for heart failure (HF), NO2 with emergency visits for myocardial infarction (MI), and SO2 with hospitalized visits for cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Conclusions Seasonal air pollutants were found to be associated with higher mortality among hospitalized patients and community dwellers with varying effects on severe acute respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaicharn Pothirat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Warawut Chaiwong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chalerm Liwsrisakun
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Bumroongkit
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Athavudh Deesomchok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Theerakorn Theerakittikul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Atikun Limsukon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattraporn Tajarernmuang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Phetsuk
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Kim D, Kim J, Jeong J, Choi M. Estimation of health benefits from air quality improvement using the MODIS AOD dataset in Seoul, Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:452-461. [PMID: 30978520 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to fine particles in the atmosphere can adversely affect health and even lead to premature death. Recently, South Korea has attracted attention because of its rapid increase in the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM). OBJECTIVES We estimated the economic benefits of reducing PM10 in Seoul, South Korea, based on MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). Based on the retrieved PM10 data, we estimated its effects on overall health in each district of Seoul, Korea between 2014 and 2015. METHODS The relationships between MODIS AOD and ground-based PM10 data were identified in different seasons in South Korea between 2012 and 2013 using the linear regression model. The health benefits were estimated by the Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (Benmap) using the scenarios from the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS The correlation between MODIS AOD and PM10 concentration differed with the season. There was a higher correlation between MODIS AOD and PM10 concentration in winter (R = 0.57) than there was in other seasons. Based on the MODIS AOD, the average annual PM10 concentration in Seoul was higher in 2014 than it was in 2015, at values of 45.7 μg/m3, and 41.6 μg/m3, respectively. The greatest economic benefit of reducing PM10 concentration (WHO annual standard of 20 μg/m3) was in 2014. This benefit was estimated to be 7022 (95% CI: 599, 20496), 2617 (95% CI: 216, 7750), and 1328 (95% CI: -159, 4679) billion KRW for all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortalities in 2014 and 2015, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that, despite considerable improvements in air quality in recent decades, there is still a need for countermeasures to prevent economic loss due to air pollution in Seoul.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Kim
- Center for Built Environment, The Built Environment Department, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeongyeong Kim
- Department of Water Resources, Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaehwan Jeong
- Department of Water Resources, Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minha Choi
- Department of Water Resources, Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Particulate Matter Mortality Rates and Their Modification by Spatial Synoptic Classification. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111904. [PMID: 31146484 PMCID: PMC6603550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution levels are highly correlated with temperature or humidity, so we investigated the relationship between PM10 and the spatial synoptic classification (SSC) scheme on daily mortality, according to age group and season. Daily death data for 2000-2014 from Seoul, Korea, were acquired, and time-series analysis was applied with respect to season and to each of seven distinct SSC types: dry moderate (DM); dry polar (DP); dry tropical (DT); moist moderate (MM); moist polar (MP); moist tropical (MT); and transition (T). Modification effects were estimated for daily, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality between PM10 and SSC types. The following SSC-type-specific increased mortalities were observed, by cause of death: non-accidental mortality: DT (1.86%) and MT (1.86%); cardiovascular mortality: DT (2.83%) and MM (3.00%); respiratory mortality: MT (3.78%). Based on simplified weather types, increased PM10 effects in non-accidental mortality rates were observed in dry (1.54%) and moist (2.32%) conditions among those aged 40-59 years and were detected regardless of conditions in other age groups: 60-74 (1.11%), 75-84 (1.55%), and 85+ (1.75%). The effects of particulate air pollution, by SSC, suggest the applicability of SSC to the comparison and understanding of acute effects of daily mortality based on weather type.
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Bae S, Kwon HJ. Current State of Research on the Risk of Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Air Pollution in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:243-256. [PMID: 30799587 PMCID: PMC6391524 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of air pollution on health can vary regionally. Our goal was to comprehensively review previous epidemiological studies on air pollution and health conducted in Korea to identify future areas of potential study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically searched all published epidemiologic studies examining the association between air pollution and occurrence of death, diseases, or symptoms in Korea. After classifying health outcomes into mortality, morbidity, and health impact, we summarized the relationship between individual air pollutants and health outcomes. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 27 studies that provided 104 estimates of the quantitative association between risk of mortality and exposure to air pollutants, including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide in Korea between January 1999 and July 2018. Regarding the association with morbidity, there were 38 studies, with 98 estimates, conducted during the same period. Most studies examined the short-term effects of air pollution using a time series or case-crossover study design; only three cohort studies that examined long-term effects were found. There were four health impact studies that calculated the attributable number of deaths or disability-adjusted life years due to air pollution. CONCLUSION There have been many epidemiologic studies in Korea regarding air pollution and health. However, the present review shows that additional studies, especially cohort and experimental studies, are needed to provide more robust and accurate evidence that can be used to promote evidence-based policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
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Association between Atmospheric Particulate Pollutants and Mortality for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in Chinese Korean Population: A Case-Crossover Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122835. [PMID: 30545115 PMCID: PMC6313322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Air pollution in large Chinese cities has led to recent studies that highlighted the relationship between particulate matters (PM) and elevated risk of cardio-cerebrovascular mortality. However, it is unclear as to whether: (1) The same adverse relations exist in cities with relatively low levels of air pollution; and (2) the relationship between the two are similar across ethnic groups. Methods: We collected data of PM2.5 (PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) and PM10 (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm) in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2016. Using a time-stratified case-crossover design, we investigated whether levels of particulate pollutants influence the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease mortality among ethnic Korean vs. ethnic Han residents residing in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. Results: Under the single air pollutant model, the odds ratios (ORs) of cardio-cerebrovascular disease were 1.025 (1.024–1.026) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at lag0 day, 1.012 (1.011–1.013) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 at lag1 day. In the multi-pollutant model adjusted by PM10, SO2, and NO2, the ORs of cardio-cerebrovascular disease were 1.150 (1.145–1.155) for ethnic Koreans and 1.154 (1.149–1.158) for ethnic Hans for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. In the multi-pollutant model adjusted by PM2.5, SO2, and NO2, the ORs of cardio-cerebrovascular disease were 1.050 (1.047–1.053) for ethnic Koreans and 1.041 (1.039–1.043) for ethnic Hans for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10. Conclusion: This study showed that PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with increased risks of acute death events in residential cardio-cerebrovascular disease in Yanbian, China.
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Han C, Lim YH, Yorifuji T, Hong YC. Air quality management policy and reduced mortality rates in Seoul Metropolitan Area: A quasi-experimental study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:600-609. [PMID: 30308471 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The air quality management policy was introduced in Seoul and Incheon metropolitan cities in the Republic of Korea, from 2005 to 2014. Despite particulate matter concentrations decreasing after policy implementation, the consequent health benefits have not been evaluated. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of the air quality management policy on cause-specific mortality rates in Seoul and Incheon. METHODS Using interrupted time series analysis with a generalized Poisson regression model, we compared daily average mortality rates before (baseline, 2004-2005) and after (2006-2007, 2008-2009, 2010-2011, 2012-2013) the policy implementation. To account for the long term mortality trends, we weighted daily mortality rate of Seoul and Incheon with daily mortality rate of Daejeon (another metropolitan city with no air quality management policy implemented during the same period). RESULTS Decline in the particulate matter concentration was greater in Seoul and Incheon than in Daejeon. After adjusting for potential confounders, there were 8% decrease in cardiovascular disease mortality rates and 10% decrease in cerebrovascular disease mortality rates in Seoul in 2012-2013 compared to the baseline period. In Incheon, an 8% reduction in cerebrovascular disease mortality rates in 2012-2013 was calculated. There was no change in mortality rates due to external causes or respiratory disease after policy implementation. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the air quality management policy was effective in reducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality rates in Seoul and cerebrovascular mortality rates in Incheon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwoo Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Takashi Yorifuji
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zauli-Sajani S, Rovelli S, Trentini A, Bacco D, Marchesi S, Scotto F, Zigola C, Lauriola P, Cavallo DM, Poluzzi V, Cattaneo A, Hänninen O. Higher health effects of ambient particles during the warm season: The role of infiltration factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:67-77. [PMID: 29426191 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have shown much higher health effects of particulate matter (PM) during the warm compared to the cold season. In this paper we present the results of an experimental study carried out in an unoccupied test apartment with the aim of understanding the reasons behind the seasonal variations of the health effects due to ambient PM2.5 exposure. Measurements included indoor and outdoor PM2.5 mass and chemical composition as well as particle size distribution of ultrafine particles. Monitoring campaigns were carried out during summer and winter following a ventilation protocol developed to replicate typical occupant behaviour according to a questionnaire-based survey. Our findings showed that seasonal variation of the relationship between ambient and indoor mass concentrations cannot entirely explain the apparent difference in PM toxicity between seasons and size distribution and chemical composition of particles were identified as other possible causes of changes in the apparent PM toxicity. A marked decrease of ultrafine particles (<100 nm) passing from outdoors to indoors was observed during winter; this resulted in higher indoor exposure to nanoparticles (<50 nm) during summer. With regards to the chemical composition, a pooled analysis showed infiltration factors of chemical species similar to that obtained for PM2.5 mass with values increasing from 0.73 during winter to 0.90 during summer and few deviations from the pooled estimates. In particular, significantly lower infiltration factors and sink effect were found for nitrates and ammonium during winter. In addition, a marked increase in the contribution of indoor and outdoor sulfates to the total mass was observed during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zauli-Sajani
- Regional Centre for Environment and Health, Arpae Emilia-Romagna, Via Begarelli, 13, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Rovelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Arianna Trentini
- Regional Centre for Urban Areas, Arpae Emilia-Romagna, Largo Caduti del Lavoro, 6, 40122 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dimitri Bacco
- Regional Centre for Urban Areas, Arpae Emilia-Romagna, Largo Caduti del Lavoro, 6, 40122 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Marchesi
- Regional Centre for Environment and Health, Arpae Emilia-Romagna, Via Begarelli, 13, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabiana Scotto
- Regional Centre for Urban Areas, Arpae Emilia-Romagna, Largo Caduti del Lavoro, 6, 40122 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Zigola
- Provincial District of Ravenna, Arpae Emilia-Romagna, Via Alberoni, 17/19, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paolo Lauriola
- Regional Centre for Environment and Health, Arpae Emilia-Romagna, Via Begarelli, 13, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Domenico Maria Cavallo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Vanes Poluzzi
- Regional Centre for Urban Areas, Arpae Emilia-Romagna, Largo Caduti del Lavoro, 6, 40122 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Otto Hänninen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Fan X, Ye X. Temperature modulation of the health effects of particulate matter in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10857-10866. [PMID: 29397505 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) has been proven to cause health risks and may result in hospital emergency room visits (ERVs), which might be complicated by extreme temperature events. However, it remains unclear how temperature modulates the effect of different-sized particles on ERVs. This study used three separate time series analyses (2009-2011) to explore such temperature modulation effect in Beijing, China. The analytical approaches included a bivariate response surface model, a non-stratification parametric model, and a stratification parametric model. Results showed that the average daily concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Beijing were 110.16 and 67.89 μg/m3, respectively, during the study period, which were higher than in most Western countries. Our findings indicated that the temperature modulation effects of PM2.5 were more evident than that of PM10. The effects of PM on morbidity depend on temperature. The effects were estimated for the increases in total, respiratory, and cardiovascular ERVs per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at high temperature level (> 28 °C). The estimated increases in the three types of ERVs for PM2.5 were 0.15, 0.35, and 0.34%, respectively. For PM10, the increases were 0.12, 0.08, and 0.14%, respectively. In addition, the results showed that the elderly (age ≥ 65) and women are more vulnerable to PM at high temperatures. These findings may have implications for the health impact associated with both air pollution and global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Shigong Wang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Xingang Fan
- Department of Geography and Geology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA
- College of Electric Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Xiaofang Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Tian L, Liang F, Guo Q, Chen S, Xiao S, Wu Z, Jin X, Pan X. The effects of interaction between particulate matter and temperature on mortality in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:395-405. [PMID: 29337319 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the effects of interaction between temperature and inhalable particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm, PM10) on mortality have been examined in some previous studies, but the results were inconsistent. This study aims to explore whether the effects of PM10 on daily non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were modified by temperature levels in Beijing from 2006 to 2009. METHODS we applied a bivariate response surface model and temperature-stratified model based on time-series Poisson generalized additive models (GAMs) to examine the interactive effects in single- and two-pollutant models. The modification of age and gender was examined in subgroup analyses. RESULTS the median of temperature (15.9 °C) and visualized turning point (20 °C) were chosen as cut-offs to define the temperature strata as two levels (low and high). Results showed that the effect estimates of PM10 were stronger at the high temperature level for non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality than at the low temperature level. When controlling the moving average lag of temperature for 14 days, the effect estimates per 10 μg m-3 increase in PM10 for non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality increased 0.14% (95% CI: 0.05, 0.22), 0.12% (95% CI: 0.02, 0.23) and 0.14% (95% CI: -0.06, 0.34) when the temperature was low and 0.24% (95% CI: 0.12, 0.35), 0.17% (95% CI: 0.01, 0.34) and 0.45% (95% CI: 0.13, 0.78) at the high temperature level, respectively. In the two-pollutant model, the effects of PM10 were attenuated at both high and low temperatures at all lags after adjusting SO2 and NO2. The PM10 effects were stronger at the high temperature level for females and elderly people (≥65 years old). CONCLUSION the findings suggest that daily mortality attributed to PM10 might be modified by temperature. The interaction between air pollution and global climate change has potential strategy and policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Chuang HC, Lin YJ, Chou CCK, Hwang JS, Chen CC, Yan YH, Hsieh HI, Chuang KJ, Cheng TJ. Alterations in cardiovascular function by particulate matter in rats using a crossover design. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:812-820. [PMID: 28866422 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate associations between cardiovascular effects and urban ambient particle constituents using an in vivo crossover experimental design. Ambient particles were introduced to an exposure chamber for whole-body exposure of WKY rats, where the particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) mass concentration, particle number concentration, and black carbon (BC) were monitored. Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and soluble ions of PM2.5 were determined. In a crossover design, rats were exposed to ambient particles or high-efficiency particle arrestance (HEPA)-filtered control air for 7 days following a 7-day washout interval. The crossover exposure between particles and HEPA-filtered air was repeated 4 times. Radiotelemetric data on blood pressure (BP) [systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP)], heart rate (HR), and heart rate viability (HRV) were subsequently obtained during the entire study. Exposure to the PM2.5 mass concentration was associated with decreases in the SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR (p < 0.05), whereas no significant changes in the BP or HR occurred with the particle number or black carbon. For HRV, the ln 5-min standard deviation of the normal-to-normal (NN) interval (LnSDNN) and the ln root mean square of successive differences in adjacent NN intervals (LnRMSSD) were positively associated with the PM2.5 mass concentration (p < 0.05). There were no significant effects of the particle number concentration or BC on HRV. Alterations in the HR were associated with OC, EC, Na+, Cl-, and NO3-. Cl- was associated with the DBP, MAP, HR, SDNN, and RMSSD. NO3- was correlated with the SBP, MAP, HR, SDNN, and RMSSD. In conclusion, we observed cardiovascular responses to ambient particles in vivo using a crossover design which can reduce animal use in future environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Yin-Jyun Lin
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Charles C K Chou
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Chu-Chih Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Horng Yan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-I Hsieh
- Department of Family Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsun-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Associations of particulate matter and its components with emergency room visits for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183224. [PMID: 28813509 PMCID: PMC5557583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed an association between particulate matter (PM) and emergency room (ER) visits, although few studies have investigated the association between health and PM components. The present study evaluated the associations of ER visits for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases with PM2.5 components, including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and ion species (SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+). Statistical analyses were performed using the time-series approach, and generalized linear models with natural spline functions were used to adjust for the non-linear relationship between the confounders and ER visits. Our single-pollutant models revealed that the greatest increase in cardiovascular ER visits was associated with NH4+ (relative risk: 1.05; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.09), which was followed by OC, SO42-, NO3-, and EC. The associations of cardiovascular ER visits with EC and OC varied according to age and sex, with elderly and female patients exhibiting stronger associations. Lagged SO42- was associated with respiratory ER visits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the associations between ER visits and PM components in South Korea. As PM components are related to traffic and industrial sources, and exhibited positive associations with ER visits, our results may help improve air pollution regulation and public health.
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Luong LMT, Phung D, Sly PD, Morawska L, Thai PK. The association between particulate air pollution and respiratory admissions among young children in Hanoi, Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:249-255. [PMID: 27507084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While the effects of ambient air pollution on health have been studied extensively in many developed countries, few studies have been conducted in Vietnam, where the population is exposed to high levels of airborne particulate matter. The aim of our study was to examine the short-term effects of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 on respiratory admissions among young children in Hanoi. Data on daily admissions from the Vietnam National Hospital of Paediatrics and daily records of PM10, PM2.5, PM1 and other confounding factors as NO2, SO2, CO, O3 and temperature were collected from September 2010 to September 2011. A time-stratified case-crossover design with individual lag model was applied to evaluate the associations between particulate air pollution and respiratory admissions. Significant effects on daily hospital admissions for respiratory disease were found for PM10, PM2.5 and PM1. An increase in 10μg/m3 of PM10, PM2.5 or PM1 was associated with an increase in risk of admission of 1.4%, 2.2% or 2.5% on the same day of exposure, respectively. No significant difference between the effects on males and females was found in the study. The study demonstrated that infants and young children in Hanoi are at increased risk of respiratory admissions due to the high level of airborne particles in the city's ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly M T Luong
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia; Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Vietnam.
| | - Dung Phung
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Phong K Thai
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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26
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Kim SE, Honda Y, Hashizume M, Kan H, Lim YH, Lee H, Kim CT, Yi SM, Kim H. Seasonal analysis of the short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality in Northeast Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 576:850-857. [PMID: 27833062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The constituents and concentrations of pollutants, individual exposures, and biologic responses to air pollution may vary by season and meteorological conditions. However, evidence regarding seasonality of the acute effects of air pollution on mortality is limited and inconsistent. Herein, we examined seasonal patterns in the short-term associations of particulate matter (PM) smaller than 10μm (PM10) with daily mortality in 29 cities of three northeast Asian countries. Stratified time-series models were used to determine whether season altered the effect of PM10 on mortality. This effect was first quantified within each season and at each location using a time-series model, after which city-specific estimates were pooled using a hierarchical Bayesian model. In all data sets, 3,675,348 non-accidental deaths were registered from 1993 to 2009. In Japan, a 10μg/m3 increase in PM10 was significantly associated with increases in non-accidental mortality of 0.44% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03%, 0.8%) in spring and 0.42% (0.02%, 0.82%) in fall. In South Korea, a 10μg/m3 increase in PM10 was significantly associated with increases in non-accidental mortality of 0.51% (0.01%, 1.01%) in summer and 0.45% (0.03%, 0.87%) in fall, in cardiovascular disease mortality of 0.96% (0.29%, 1.63%) in fall, and in respiratory disease mortality of 1.57% (0.40%, 2.75%) in fall. In China, a 10μg/m3 increase in PM10 was associated with increases in non-accidental mortality of 0.33% (0.01%, 0.66%) in summer and 0.41% (0.09%, 0.73%) in winter, in cardiovascular disease mortality of 0.41% (0.08%, 0.74%) in spring and 0.33% (0.02%, 0.64%) in winter, and in respiratory diseases mortality of 0.78% (0.27%, 1.30%) in winter. Our analyses suggest that the acute effect of particulate air pollution could vary seasonally and geographically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satbyul Estella Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University of Medical Research Center and Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Clara Tammy Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Muk Yi
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
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Li R, Jiang N, Liu Q, Huang J, Guo X, Liu F, Gao Z. Impact of Air Pollutants on Outpatient Visits for Acute Respiratory Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010047. [PMID: 28067786 PMCID: PMC5295298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The air pollution in China is a severe problem. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of air pollutants on acute respiratory outcomes in outpatients. Outpatient data from 2 December 2013 to 1 December 2014 were collected, as well as air pollutant data including ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). We screened six categories of acute respiratory outcomes and analyzed their associations with different air pollutant exposures, including upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), acute bronchitis (AB), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), acute exacerbation of asthma (AE-asthma), and acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis (AEBX). A case-crossover design with a bidirectional control sampling approach was used for statistical analysis. A total of 57,144 patients were enrolled for analysis. PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, SO₂, and CO exposures were positively associated with outpatient visits for URTI, AB, CAP, and AEBX. PM10, SO₂, and CO exposures were positively associated with outpatient visits for AECOPD. Exposure to O₃ was positively associated with outpatient visits for AE-asthma, but negatively associated with outpatient visits for URTI, CAP, and AEBX. In conclusion, air pollutants had acute effects on outpatient visits for acute respiratory outcomes, with specific outcomes associated with specific pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Qichen Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
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28
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Vahedian M, Khanjani N, Mirzaee M, Koolivand A. Associations of short-term exposure to air pollution with respiratory hospital admissions in Arak, Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2017; 15:17. [PMID: 28725443 PMCID: PMC5514473 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-017-0277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution, is one of the most frequently stated environmental problems. Many epidemiological studies have documented adverse health effects for ambient air pollution. This study aimed to investigate the association between ambient air pollution and respiratory hospital admissions. METHODS In this ecological time series study data about air pollutant concentrations including CO, NO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 and, respiratory hospital admissions in the urban population of Arak, from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2015; were inquired, from the Arak Department of Environment, and two major hospitals, respectively. Meteorological data were inquired for the same period as well. Time-series regression analysis with a distributed lag model, controlled for seasonality long-time trends, weather and day of the week, was used for data analysis. RESULTS Every 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2, and PM10 and every 1 mg/m3 increase in CO at lag 0 corresponded to a RR = 1.032 (95%CI, 1.003-1.06), RR = 1.01 (95%CI, 1.004-1.017) and RR = 1.09 (95%CI, 1.04-1.14), increase in respiratory disease hospitalizations, respectively. Males and the elderly were found to be more susceptible than females and other age groups to air pollutants in regard to respiratory disease admissions. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that outdoor air pollutants significantly increase respiratory hospital admissions; especially among the men and elders in Arak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vahedian
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moghaddameh Mirzaee
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Koolivand
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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29
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Qin RX, Xiao C, Zhu Y, Li J, Yang J, Gu S, Xia J, Su B, Liu Q, Woodward A. The interactive effects between high temperature and air pollution on mortality: A time-series analysis in Hefei, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1530-1537. [PMID: 28029451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that there may be an interaction between air pollution and heat on mortality, which is pertinent in the context of global climate change. We sought to examine this interaction in Hefei, a hot and polluted Chinese city. We conducted time-series analyses using daily mortality, air pollutant concentration (including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10μm (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)), and temperature data from 2008 to 2014. We applied quasi-Poisson regression models with natural cubic splines and examined the interactive effects using temperature-stratified models. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age, gender, and educational levels. We observed consistently stronger associations between air pollutants and mortality at high temperatures than at medium temperatures. These differences were statistically significant for the associations between PM10 and non-accidental mortality and between all pollutants studied and respiratory mortality. Mean percentage increases in non-accidental mortality per 10μg/m3 at high temperatures were 2.40% (95% confidence interval: 0.64 to 4.20) for PM10, 7.77% (0.60 to 15.00) for SO2, and 6.83% (-1.37 to 15.08) for NO2. The estimates for PM10 were 3.40% (0.96 to 5.90) in females and 4.21% (1.44 to 7.05) in the illiterate, marking them as more vulnerable. No clear trend was identified by age. We observed an interaction between air pollutants and high temperature on mortality in Hefei, which was stronger in females and the illiterate. This may be due to differences in behaviours affecting personal exposure to high temperatures and has potential policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rennie Xinrui Qin
- School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.
| | - Yibin Zhu
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Changping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Shaohua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China.
| | - Junrui Xia
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.
| | - Bin Su
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Alistair Woodward
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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30
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Goix S, Uzu G, Oliva P, Barraza F, Calas A, Castet S, Point D, Masbou J, Duprey JL, Huayta C, Chincheros J, Gardon J. Metal concentration and bioaccessibility in different particle sizes of dust and aerosols to refine metal exposure assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 317:552-562. [PMID: 27344256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Refined exposure assessments were realized for children, 7-9yrs, in the mining/smelting city of Oruro, Bolivia. Aerosols (PM>2.5, PM1-2.5, PM0.4-1 and PM0.5) and dust (separated in different particle size fractions: 2000-200μm, 200-50μm, 50-20μm, 20-2μm and <2μm) were sampled on football fields highly frequented by children in both the mining and smelting areas. Trace element concentrations (Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn) in each size fraction of dust and aerosols, lung bioaccessibility of metals in aerosols, and gastric bioaccessibility of metals in dust were measured. Exposure was assessed considering actual external exposure (i.e. exposure pathways: metals inhaled and ingested) and simulated internal exposure (i.e., complex estimation using gastric and lung bioaccessibility, deposition and clearance of particles in lungs). Significant differences between external and simulated internal exposure were attributed to dissemblances in gastric and lung bioaccessibilities, as well as metal distribution within particle size range, revealing the importance of both parameters in exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvaine Goix
- GET, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, Centre de Vie La Fossette, RD 268, F-13270 Fos-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LTHE, F-38000 Grenoble, France; IRD, LTHE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Priscia Oliva
- GET, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Fiorella Barraza
- GET, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Aude Calas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LTHE, F-38000 Grenoble, France; IRD, LTHE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Castet
- GET, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - David Point
- GET, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jeremy Masbou
- GET, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Jacques Gardon
- IRD-LCA-UMSA, CP 9214 Obrajes, La Paz, Bolivia; IRD-Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Montpellier, France
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31
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Noh J, Sohn J, Cho J, Cho SK, Choi YJ, Kim C, Shin DC. Short-term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Emergency Department Visits for Asthma: An Assessment of Effect Modification by Prior Allergic Disease History. J Prev Med Public Health 2016; 49:329-341. [PMID: 27744674 PMCID: PMC5066424 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.16.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The goal of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of ambient air pollution on emergency department (ED) visits in Seoul for asthma according to patients’ prior history of allergic diseases. Methods Data on ED visits from 2005 to 2009 were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. To evaluate the risk of ED visits for asthma related to ambient air pollutants (carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], ozone [O3], sulfur dioxide [SO2], and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm [PM10]), a generalized additive model with a Poisson distribution was used; a single-lag model and a cumulative-effect model (average concentration over the previous 1-7 days) were also explored. The percent increase and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each interquartile range (IQR) increment in the concentration of each air pollutant. Subgroup analyses were done by age, gender, the presence of allergic disease, and season. Results A total of 33 751 asthma attack cases were observed during the study period. The strongest association was a 9.6% increase (95% CI, 6.9% to 12.3%) in the risk of ED visits for asthma per IQR increase in O3 concentration. IQR changes in NO2 and PM10 concentrations were also significantly associated with ED visits in the cumulative lag 7 model. Among patients with a prior history of allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis, the risk of ED visits for asthma per IQR increase in PM10 concentration was higher (3.9%; 95% CI, 1.2% to 6.7%) than in patients with no such history. Conclusions Ambient air pollutants were positively associated with ED visits for asthma, especially among subjects with a prior history of allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Noh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungwoo Sohn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaelim Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyung Cho
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Choi
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Chun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Phung D, Hien TT, Linh HN, Luong LMT, Morawska L, Chu C, Binh ND, Thai PK. Air pollution and risk of respiratory and cardiovascular hospitalizations in the most populous city in Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 557-558:322-30. [PMID: 27016680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has become an alarming issue in Vietnam recently; however, there was only one study so far on the effects of ambient air pollution on population health. Our study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of air pollutants including PM10, NO2, SO2, and O3 on respiratory and cardiovascular hospitalizations in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the largest city in Vietnam. Data on hospitalization from the two largest hospitals in HCMC and daily records of PM10, NO2, SO2, O3 and meteorological data were collected from February 2004 to December 2007. A time-series regression analysis with distributed lag model was applied for data analysis. Changes in levels of NO2 and PM10 were strongly associated with hospital admissions for both respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (CVD); whereas levels of SO2 were only moderately associated with respiratory and CVD hospital admissions and O3 concentration was not associated with any of them. For a 10μg/m(3) increase of each air pollutant, the risk of respiratory admissions increased from 0.7% to 8% while the risk of CVD admissions increased from 0.5% to 4%. Females were found to be more sensitive than males to exposure to air pollutants in regard to respiratory diseases. In regard to CVD, females (RR, 1.04, 95% CI, 1.01-1.07) had a slightly higher risk of admissions than males (RR, 1.03, 95% CI, 1-1.06) to exposure to NO2. In contrast, males (RR, 1.007, 95%CI, 1-1.01) had a higher risk of admission than females (RR, 1.004, 95%CI, 1.001-1.007) to exposure to PM10. People in the age group of 5-65year-olds had a slightly higher risk of admissions caused by air pollutants than the elderly (65+years old) except for a significant effect of PM10 on the risk of cardiovascular admissions was found for the elderly only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Phung
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Australia.
| | - To Thi Hien
- Faculty of Environment, Ho Chi Minh University of Science, Vietnam National University, Viet Nam
| | - Ho Nhut Linh
- Faculty of Environment, Ho Chi Minh University of Science, Vietnam National University, Viet Nam
| | - Ly M T Luong
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Cordia Chu
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Australia
| | | | - Phong K Thai
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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He T, Yang Z, Liu T, Shen Y, Fu X, Qian X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xu Z, Zhu S, Mao C, Xu G, Tang J. Ambient air pollution and years of life lost in Ningbo, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22485. [PMID: 26927539 PMCID: PMC4772387 DOI: 10.1038/srep22485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the burden of air pollution on years of life lost (YLL) in addition to mortality, we conducted a time series analysis based on the data on air pollution, meteorological conditions and 163,704 non-accidental deaths of Ningbo, China, 2009–2013. The mean concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were 84.0 μg/m3, 60.1 μg/m3, 25.1 μg/m3 and 41.7 μg/m3, respectively. An increase of 10-μg/m3 in particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide was associated with 4.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–7.38), 2.97 (95% CI −2.01–7.95), 29.98 (95% CI 19.21–40.76) and 16.58 (95% CI 8.19–24.97) YLL, respectively, and 0.53% (95% CI 0.29–0.76%), 0.57% (95% CI 0.20–0.95%), 2.89% (95% CI 2.04–3.76%), and 1.65% (95% CI 1.01–2.30%) increase of daily death counts, respectively. The impact of air pollution lasted for four days (lag 0–3), and were more significant in the elderly than in the young population for both outcomes. These findings clarify the burden of air pollution on YLL and highlight the importance and urgency of air pollution control in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng He
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Zuyao Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueping Shen
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Fu
- Division of Epidemiology, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xujun Qian
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuelun Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Wang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Injury Control Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Division of Epidemiology, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guozhang Xu
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinling Tang
- Division of Epidemiology, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Zúñiga J, Tarajia M, Herrera V, Urriola W, Gómez B, Motta J. Assessment of the Possible Association of Air Pollutants PM10, O3, NO2 With an Increase in Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Diabetes Mortality in Panama City: A 2003 to 2013 Data Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2464. [PMID: 26765444 PMCID: PMC4718270 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Panama has experienced a marked economic growth, and this, in turn, has been associated with rapid urban development and degradation of air quality. This study is the first evaluation done in Panama on the association between air pollution and mortality. Our objective was to assess the possible association between monthly levels of PM10, O3, and NO2, and cardiovascular, respiratory, and diabetes mortality, as well as the seasonal variation of mortality in Panama City, Panama.The study was conducted in Panama City, using air pollution data from January 2003 to December 2013. We utilized a Poisson regression model based on generalized linear models, to evaluate the association between PM10, NO2, and O3 exposure and mortality from diabetes, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The sample size for PM10, NO2, and O2 was 132, 132, and 108 monthly averages, respectively.We found that levels of PM10, O3, and NO2 were associated with increases in cardiovascular, respiratory, and diabetes mortality. For PM10 levels ≥ 40 μg/m3, we found an increase in cardiovascular mortality of 9.7% (CI 5.8-13.6%), and an increase of 12.6% (CI 0.2-24.2%) in respiratory mortality. For O3 levels ≥ 20 μg/m3 we found an increase of 32.4% (IC 14.6-52.9) in respiratory mortality, after a 2-month lag period following exposure in the 65 to <74 year-old age group. For NO2 levels ≥20 μg/m3 we found an increase in respiratory mortality of 11.2% (IC 1.9-21.3), after a 2-month lag period following exposure among those aged between 65 and <74 years.There could be an association between the air pollution in Panama City and an increase in cardiovascular, respiratory, and diabetes mortality. This study confirms the urgent need to improve the measurement frequency of air pollutants in Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Zúñiga
- From the Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies (JZ, VH, BG, JM); Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (MT); Región de Panamá Oeste, Caja de Seguro Social, Panama City, Panama (MT); and Institute of Specialized Analysis of the University of Panama, Miraflores, Panama City, Panama (WU)
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Lee H, Honda Y, Hashizume M, Guo YL, Wu CF, Kan H, Jung K, Lim YH, Yi S, Kim H. Short-term exposure to fine and coarse particles and mortality: A multicity time-series study in East Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 207:43-51. [PMID: 26340298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Few studies on size-specific health effects of particulate matter have been conducted in Asia. We examined the association between both fine and coarse particles (PM2.5 and PM10-2.5) and mortality across 11 East Asian cities from 4 countries (Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and China). We performed a two-stage analysis: we generated city-specific estimates using a time-series analysis with a generalized additive model (Quasi-Poisson distribution), and estimated the overall effects by conducting a meta-analysis. Each 10-μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 (lag01) was associated with an increase of 0.38% (95% confidence interval = 0.21%-0.55%) in all causes mortality, 0.96% (0.46%-1.46%) in cardiovascular mortality, and 1% (0.23%-1.78%) in respiratory mortality. Each 10-μg/m(3) increase in PM10-2.5 (lag01) was associated with cardiovascular mortality (0.69%, [0.05%-1.33%]), although this association attenuated after controlling for other pollutants, especially PM2.5. Increased mortality was associated with increasing PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 concentrations over 11 East Asian cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Yue Leon Guo
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Wu
- Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kweon Jung
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, South Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University of Medical Research Center, South Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungmuk Yi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, South Korea; Asian Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, South Korea; Asian Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability, Seoul National University, South Korea.
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Kim SE, Lim YH, Kim H. Temperature modifies the association between particulate air pollution and mortality: A multi-city study in South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 524-525:376-83. [PMID: 25920070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Substantial epidemiologic literature has demonstrated the effects of air pollution and temperature on mortality. However, there is inconsistent evidence regarding the temperature modification effect on acute mortality due to air pollution. Herein, we investigated the effects of temperature on the relationship between air pollution and mortality due to non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory death in seven cities in South Korea. We applied stratified time-series models to the data sets in order to examine whether the effects of particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) on mortality were modified by temperature. The effect of PM10 on daily mortality was first quantified within different ranges of temperatures at each location using a time-series model, and then the estimates were pooled through a random-effects meta-analysis using the maximum likelihood method. From all the data sets, 828,787 non-accidental deaths were registered from 2000-2009. The highest overall risk between PM10 and non-accidental or cardiovascular mortality was observed on extremely hot days (daily mean temperature: >99th percentile) in individuals aged <65 years. In those aged ≥65 years, the highest overall risk between PM10 and non-accidental or cardiovascular mortality was observed on very hot days and not on extremely hot days (daily mean temperature: 95-99th percentile). There were strong harmful effects from PM10 on non-accidental mortality with the highest temperature range (>99th percentile) in men, with a very high temperature range (95-99th percentile) in women. Our findings showed that temperature can affect the relationship between the PM10 levels and cause-specific mortality. Moreover, the differences were apparent after considering the age and sex groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satbyul Estella Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University of Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim J, Kim H, Kweon J. Hourly differences in air pollution on the risk of asthma exacerbation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 203:15-21. [PMID: 25845357 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association between hourly differences in air pollution and asthma exacerbation in Korea using asthma-related emergency department data and verified seasonality and demographic modifiers with an hourly temporal resolution. We applied time-stratified case-crossover adjusted for weather and influenza; the lag was stratified as 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24, 25-48, and 49-72 h. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per interquartile range increase were 1.05 (1.00-1.11) after 1-6 h for PM10-2.5 and 1.10 (1.04-1.16) after 19-24 h for O3. Effect size was 1.14 (1.06-1.22) at a 1-6 h lag in spring for PM10-2.5, and 1.25 (1.03-1.51) at a 25-48 h lag in winter for O3. O3 effects were age- and low socio-economic status-modified at a 7-12 h lag [1.25 (1.04-1.51)]. Increased PM10-2.5 and O3 increased the risk of asthma exacerbation; the effect of PM10-2.5 was most immediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeun Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jung Kweon
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, South Korea.
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Revich BА, Shaposhnikov DА, Pershagen G. New epidemiological model for assessment of the impact of extremely hot weather and air pollution on mortality (in case of the Moscow heat wave of 2010). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17116/profmed201518529-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Son JY, Bell ML, Lee JT. The impact of heat, cold, and heat waves on hospital admissions in eight cities in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2014; 58:1893-903. [PMID: 24445484 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although the impact of temperature on mortality is well documented, relatively fewer studies have evaluated the associations of temperature with morbidity outcomes such as hospital admissions, and most studies were conducted in North America or Europe. We evaluated weather and hospital admissions including specific causes (allergic disease, asthma, selected respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease) in eight major cities in Korea from 2003 to 2008. We also explored potential effect modification by individual characteristics such as sex and age. We used hierarchical modeling to first estimate city-specific associations between heat, cold, or heat waves and hospitalizations, and then estimated overall effects. Stratified analyses were performed by cause of hospitalization, sex, and age (0-14, 15-64, 65-74, and ≥75 years). Cardiovascular hospitalizations were significantly associated with high temperature, whereas hospitalizations for allergic disease, asthma, and selected respiratory disease were significantly associated with low temperature. The overall heat effect for cardiovascular hospitalization was a 4.5% (95% confidence interval 0.7, 8.5%) increase in risk comparing hospitalizations at 25 to 15 °C. For cold effect, the overall increase in risk of hospitalizations comparing 2 with 15 °C was 50.5 (13.7, 99.2%), 43.6 (8.9, 89.5%), and 53.6% (9.8, 114.9%) for allergic disease, asthma, and selected respiratory disease, respectively. We did not find statistically significant effects of heat waves compared with nonheat wave days. Our results suggest susceptible populations such as women and younger persons. Our findings provide suggestive evidence that both high and low ambient temperatures are associated with the risk of hospital admissions, particularly in women or younger person, in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Son
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Shaposhnikov D, Revich B, Bellander T, Bedada GB, Bottai M, Kharkova T, Kvasha E, Lezina E, Lind T, Semutnikova E, Pershagen G. Mortality related to air pollution with the moscow heat wave and wildfire of 2010. Epidemiology 2014; 25:359-64. [PMID: 24598414 PMCID: PMC3984022 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged high temperatures and air pollution from wildfires often occur together, and the two may interact in their effects on mortality. However, there are few data on such possible interactions. METHODS We analyzed day-to-day variations in the number of deaths in Moscow, Russia, in relation to air pollution levels and temperature during the disastrous heat wave and wildfire of 2010. Corresponding data for the period 2006-2009 were used for comparison. Daily average levels of PM10 and ozone were obtained from several continuous measurement stations. The daily number of nonaccidental deaths from specific causes was extracted from official records. Analyses of interactions considered the main effect of temperature as well as the added effect of prolonged high temperatures and the interaction with PM10. RESULTS The major heat wave lasted for 44 days, with 24-hour average temperatures ranging from 24°C to 31°C and PM10 levels exceeding 300 μg/m on several days. There were close to 11,000 excess deaths from nonaccidental causes during this period, mainly among those older than 65 years. Increased risks also occurred in younger age groups. The most pronounced effects were for deaths from cardiovascular, respiratory, genitourinary, and nervous system diseases. Continuously increasing risks following prolonged high temperatures were apparent during the first 2 weeks of the heat wave. Interactions between high temperatures and air pollution from wildfires in excess of an additive effect contributed to more than 2000 deaths. CONCLUSIONS Interactions between high temperatures and wildfire air pollution should be considered in risk assessments regarding health consequences of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Shaposhnikov
- From the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Demography, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; and State Environmental Protection Institution Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Revich
- From the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Demography, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; and State Environmental Protection Institution Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tom Bellander
- From the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Demography, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; and State Environmental Protection Institution Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia
| | - Getahun Bero Bedada
- From the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Demography, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; and State Environmental Protection Institution Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matteo Bottai
- From the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Demography, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; and State Environmental Protection Institution Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Kharkova
- From the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Demography, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; and State Environmental Protection Institution Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kvasha
- From the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Demography, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; and State Environmental Protection Institution Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Lezina
- From the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Demography, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; and State Environmental Protection Institution Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tomas Lind
- From the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Demography, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; and State Environmental Protection Institution Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugenia Semutnikova
- From the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Demography, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; and State Environmental Protection Institution Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia
| | - Göran Pershagen
- From the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Demography, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; and State Environmental Protection Institution Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia
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Li G, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Cai Y, Pan X, Zhou M. The Impact of Ambient Particle Pollution During Extreme-Temperature Days in Guangzhou City, China. Asia Pac J Public Health 2014; 26:614-21. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539514529811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore whether the effect of PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 µm) on daily mortality was modified by extreme temperatures in Guangzhou from 2005 to 2009. The present study used time-series analysis to explore the modification effects of temperature on the association between PM10 and the cause-specific mortalities for cardiovascular, respiratory, cardiopulmonary, and nonaccidental mortality. The interactions between PM10 and temperature were statistically significant on respiratory mortality. The effect estimates per 10-µg/m3 increase in PM10 concentrations at the moving average of lags of 0 and 1 day on high-temperature days were 2.34% (95% confidence interval = 0.55, 4.16) for nonaccidental, 1.35% (−1.69, 4.48) for cardiovascular, 6.09% (2.42, 9.89) for respiratory, and 3.36% (0.92, 5.86) for cardiopulmonary mortalities. The results suggest that it is important to control and reduce the emission of air particles in Guangzhou, particularly on extreme-high-temperature days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lai Jiang
- Peking University, Beijing, P R China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan City, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P R China
| | | | - Maigeng Zhou
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P R China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have identified short-term effects of air pollution on morbidity in North America and Europe. The effects of air pollution may differ by region of the world. Evidence on air pollution and morbidity in Asia is limited. METHODS We investigated associations between ambient air pollution and hospital admissions in eight Korean cities for 2003-2008. We applied a two-stage Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate city-specific effects and the overall effects across the cities. We considered lagged effects of pollutants by cause (allergic disease, asthma, selected respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease), sex, and age (0-14, 15-64, 65-74, and ≥ 75 years). RESULTS We found evidence of associations between hospital admissions and short-term exposure to air pollution. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM10 (30.7 µg/m) was associated with an overall increase of 2.2% (95% posterior interval = 0.5%-3.9%), 2.8% (1.3%-4.4%), 1.7% (0.9%-2.6%), and 0.7% (0.0%-1.4%) in allergic, asthma, selected respiratory, and cardiovascular admissions, respectively. For NO2 (IQR 12.2 ppb), the corresponding figures were 2.3% (0.6%-4.0%), 2.2% (0.3%-4.1%), 2.2% (0.6%-3.7%), and 2.2% (1.1%-3.4%). For O3, we found positive associations for all the studied diagnoses except cardiovascular disease. SO2 was associated with hospital admissions for selected respiratory or cardiovascular causes, whereas O3 was negatively associated with cardiovascular admissions. We found suggestive evidence for stronger associations in younger and older age groups. Associations were similar for men and women. CONCLUSIONS Ambient air pollution was associated with increased risk of hospital admissions in Korea. Results suggest increased susceptibility among the young or the elderly for pollution effects on specific diseases.
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Li P, Xin J, Wang Y, Wang S, Li G, Pan X, Liu Z, Wang L. The acute effects of fine particles on respiratory mortality and morbidity in Beijing, 2004-2009. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:6433-44. [PMID: 23589266 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological and toxicological studies have shown associations between particulate matter and human health. However, the estimates of adverse health effects are inconsistent across many countries and areas. The stratification and interaction models were employed within the context of the generalized additive Poisson regression equation to examine the acute effects of fine particles on respiratory health and to explore the possible joint modification of temperature, humidity, and season in Beijing, China, for the period 2004-2009. The results revealed that the respiratory health damage threshold of the PM2.5 concentration was mainly within the range of 20-60 μg/m(3), and the adverse effect of excessively high PM2.5 concentration maintained a stable level. In the most serious case, an increase of 10 μg/m(3) PM2.5 results in an elevation of 4.60 % (95 % CI 3.84-4.60 %) and 4.48 % (95 % CI 3.53-5.41 %) with a lag of 3 days, values far higher than the average level of 0.69 % (95 % CI 0.54-0.85 %) and 1.32 % (95 % CI 1.02-1.61 %) for respiratory mortality and morbidity, respectively. There were strong seasonal patterns of adverse effects with the seasonal variation of temperature and humidity. The growth rates of respiratory mortality and morbidity were highest in winter. And, they increased 1.4 and 1.8 times in winter, greater than in the full year as PM2.5 increased 10 μg/m(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Key Laboratory of Semi-arid Climate Change of Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000
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Chen R, Peng RD, Meng X, Zhou Z, Chen B, Kan H. Seasonal variation in the acute effect of particulate air pollution on mortality in the China Air Pollution and Health Effects Study (CAPES). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 450-451:259-65. [PMID: 23500824 PMCID: PMC3885864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological findings concerning the seasonal variation in the acute effect of particulate matter (PM) are inconsistent. We investigated the seasonality in the association between PM with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10) and daily mortality in 17 Chinese cities. We fitted the "main" time-series model after adjustment for time-varying confounders using smooth functions with natural splines. We established a "seasonal" model to obtain the season-specific effect estimates of PM10, and a "harmonic" model to show the seasonal pattern that allows PM10 effects to vary smoothly with the day in a year. At the national level, a 10 μg/m(3) increase in the two-day moving average concentrations (lag 01) of PM10 was associated with 0.45% [95% posterior interval (PI), 0.15% to 0.76%], 0.17% (95% PI, -0.09% to 0.43%), 0.55% (95% PI, 0.15% to 0.96%) and 0.25% (95%PI, -0.05% to 0.56%) increases in total mortality for winter, spring, summer and fall, respectively. For the smoothly-varying plots of seasonality, we identified a two-peak pattern in winter and summer. The observed seasonal pattern was generally insensitive to model specifications. Our analyses suggest that the acute effect of particulate air pollution could vary by seasons with the largest effect in winter and summer in China. To our knowledge, this is the first multicity study in developing countries to analyze the seasonal variations of PM-related health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute for the Changing Global Environment and Fudan Tyndall Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Roger D. Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute for the Changing Global Environment and Fudan Tyndall Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingheng Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute for the Changing Global Environment and Fudan Tyndall Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author at: School of Public Health, Fudan University, P.O. Box 249, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Tel./fax: +86 21 5423 7908. (H. Kan)
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Son JY, Bell ML. The relationships between short-term exposure to particulate matter and mortality in Korea: Impact of particulate matter exposure metrics for sub-daily exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS : ERL [WEB SITE] 2013; 8:014015. [PMID: 25580157 PMCID: PMC4288032 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of short-term particulate matter (PM) exposure use 24-hour averages. However, other pollutants have stronger effects at shorter timeframes, which has influenced policy (e.g., ozone 8-hour maximum). Selecting appropriate exposure timeframes is important for effective regulation. The U.S. EPA identified health effects for sub-daily PM exposures as a critical research need. Unlike most areas, Seoul, Korea has hourly measurements of PM10, although not PM2.5. We investigated PM10 and mortality (total, cardiovascular, respiratory) in Seoul (1999-2009) considering sub-daily exposures: 24-hour, daytime (7am-8pm), morning (7-10am), nighttime (8pm-7am), and 1-hour daily maximum. We applied Poisson generalized linear modeling adjusting for temporal trends and meteorology. All PM10 metrics were significantly associated with total mortality. Compared to other exposure timeframes, morning exposure had the most certain effect with total mortality (based on statistical significance). A 10µg/m3 increase in 24-hour, daytime, morning, nighttime, and 1-hour maximum PM10 was associated with a 0.15% (95% confidence interval 0.02-0.28%), 0.14% (0.01-0.27%), 0.10% (0.03-0.18%), 0.12% (0.03-0.22%), and 0.10% (0.00-0.21%) increase in total mortality, respectively. PM10 was significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality for 24-hour, morning, and nighttime exposures. We did not identify significant associations with respiratory mortality. Results support use of a 24-hour averaging time as an appropriate metric for health studies and regulation, particularly for PM10 and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Son
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, CT, USA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, CT, USA
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Park HY, Bae S, Hong YC. PM₁₀ exposure and non-accidental mortality in Asian populations: a meta-analysis of time-series and case-crossover studies. J Prev Med Public Health 2013; 46:10-8. [PMID: 23407325 PMCID: PMC3567321 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated the association between particulate matter less than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) exposure and non-accidental mortality in Asian populations by meta-analysis, using both time-series and case-crossover analysis. Methods Among the 819 published studies searched from PubMed and EMBASE using key words related to PM10 exposure and non-accidental mortality in Asian countries, 8 time-series and 4 case-crossover studies were selected for meta-analysis after exclusion by selection criteria. We obtained the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of non-accidental mortality per 10 µg/m3 increase of daily PM10 from each study. We used Q statistics to test the heterogeneity of the results among the different studies and evaluated for publication bias using Begg funnel plot and Egger test. Results Testing for heterogeneity showed significance (p<0.001); thus, we applied a random-effects model. RR (95% CI) per 10 µg/m3 increase of daily PM10 for both the time-series and case-crossover studies combined, time-series studies relative risk only, and case-crossover studies only, were 1.0047 (1.0033 to 1.0062), 1.0057 (1.0029 to 1.0086), and 1.0027 (1.0010 to 1.0043), respectively. The non-significant Egger test suggested that this analysis was not likely to have a publication bias. Conclusions We found a significant positive association between PM10 exposure and non-accidental mortality among Asian populations. Continued investigations are encouraged to contribute to the health impact assessment and public health management of air pollution in Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yin Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health. J Med Toxicol 2012; 8:166-75. [PMID: 22194192 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-011-0203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 700] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that particulate matter (PM) air pollution contributes to approximately 800,000 premature deaths each year, ranking it the 13th leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, many studies show that the relationship is deeper and far more complicated than originally thought. PM is a portion of air pollution that is made up of extremely small particles and liquid droplets containing acids, organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles. PM is categorized by size and continues to be the fraction of air pollution that is most reliably associated with human disease. PM is thought to contribute to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease by the mechanisms of systemic inflammation, direct and indirect coagulation activation, and direct translocation into systemic circulation. The data demonstrating PM's effect on the cardiovascular system are strong. Populations subjected to long-term exposure to PM have a significantly higher cardiovascular incident and mortality rate. Short-term acute exposures subtly increase the rate of cardiovascular events within days of a pollution spike. The data are not as strong for PM's effects on cerebrovascular disease, though some data and similar mechanisms suggest a lesser result with smaller amplitude. Respiratory diseases are also exacerbated by exposure to PM. PM causes respiratory morbidity and mortality by creating oxidative stress and inflammation that leads to pulmonary anatomic and physiologic remodeling. The literature shows PM causes worsening respiratory symptoms, more frequent medication use, decreased lung function, recurrent health care utilization, and increased mortality. PM exposure has been shown to have a small but significant adverse effect on cardiovascular, respiratory, and to a lesser extent, cerebrovascular disease. These consistent results are shown by multiple studies with varying populations, protocols, and regions. The data demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between PM and human disease, and that removal from a PM-rich environment decreases the prevalence of these diseases. While further study is needed to elucidate the effects of composition, chemistry, and the PM effect on susceptible populations, the preponderance of data shows that PM exposure causes a small but significant increase in human morbidity and mortality. Most sources agree on certain "common sense" recommendations, although there are lonely limited data to support them. Indoor PM exposure can be reduced by the usage of air conditioning and particulate filters, decreasing indoor combustion for heating and cooking, and smoking cessation. Susceptible populations, such as the elderly or asthmatics, may benefit from limiting their outdoor activity during peak traffic periods or poor air quality days. These simple changes may benefit individual patients in both short-term symptomatic control and long-term cardiovascular and respiratory complications.
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Seasonal effects of PM10 concentrations on mortality in Tianjin, China: a time-series analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-012-0529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Son JY, Lee JT, Kim H, Yi O, Bell ML. Susceptibility to air pollution effects on mortality in Seoul, Korea: a case-crossover analysis of individual-level effect modifiers. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2012; 22:227-34. [PMID: 22395258 PMCID: PMC3543153 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution's mortality effects may differ by subpopulation; however, few studies have investigated this issue in Asia. We investigated susceptibility to air pollutants on total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Seoul, Korea for the period 2000-2007. We applied time-stratified case-crossover analysis, which allows direct modeling of interaction terms, to estimate susceptibility based on sex, age, education, marital status, and occupation. An interquartile range increase in pollution was associated with odds ratios of 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.25-1.62), 2.27 (1.03-3.53), 1.94 (0.80-3.09), and 2.21 (1.00-3.43) for total mortality and 1.95 (0.64-3.27), 4.82 (2.18-7.54), 3.64 (1.46-5.87), and 4.32 (1.77-6.92) for cardiovascular mortality for PM(10), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and carbon monoxide (CO), respectively. Ozone effect estimates were positive, but not statistically significant. Results indicate that some populations are more susceptible than others. For total or cardiovascular mortality, associations were higher for males, those 65-74 years, and those with no education or manual occupation for some pollutants. For example, the odds ratio for SO(2) and cardiovascular mortality was 1.19 (1.03-1.37) times higher for those with manual occupations than professional occupations. Our findings provide evidence that some populations are more susceptible to the effects of air pollution than others, which has implications for public policy and risk assessment for susceptible subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Son
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Okhee Yi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Michelle L. Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Son JY, Lee JT, Anderson GB, Bell ML. The impact of heat waves on mortality in seven major cities in Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:566-71. [PMID: 22266672 PMCID: PMC3339449 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the health impacts of heat waves is important, especially given anticipated increases in the frequency, duration, and intensity of heat waves due to climate change. OBJECTIVES We examined mortality from heat waves in seven major Korean cities for 2000 through 2007 and investigated effect modification by individual characteristics and heat wave characteristics (intensity, duration, and timing in season). METHODS Heat waves were defined as ≥ 2 consecutive days with daily mean temperature at or above the 98th percentile for the warm season in each city. We compared mortality during heat-wave days and non-heat-wave days using city-specific generalized linear models. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate overall effects within and across all cities. In addition, we estimated effects of heat wave characteristics and effects according to cause of death and examined effect modification by individual characteristics for Seoul. RESULTS Overall, total mortality increased 4.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): -6.1%, 15.4%] during heat waves compared with non-heat-wave days, with an 8.4% increase (95% CI: 0.1%, 17.3%) estimated for Seoul. Estimated mortality was higher for heat waves that were more intense, longer, or earlier in summer, although effects were not statistically significant. Estimated risks were higher for women versus men, older versus younger residents, those with no education versus some education, and deaths that occurred out of hospitals in Seoul, although differences among strata of individual characteristics were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support evidence of mortality impacts from heat waves and have implications for efforts to reduce the public health burden of heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Son
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 , USA
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