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Tian Y, Liu S, Wu W, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Luo J, Wang Y, He Z, Liu Q. Childhood exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence: a longitudinal study in China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024:10.1007/s00420-024-02093-9. [PMID: 39073601 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between childhood polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence. METHODS Participants included 998 school-age children aged 7-12 years (514 girls and 484 boys). Metabolite concentrations of four PAHs (1-hydroxypyrene [1-OHPyr], 2-hydroxynaphthalene [2-OHNap], 2-hydroxyfluorine [2-OHFlu], and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene [9-OHPhe]) were measured in urine samples at baseline (Dec 2014-Dec 2015). During adolescence, we measured emotional and behavioral problems in study participants. We used logistic regression models to assess the effects of different levels of PAH metabolite concentrations on emotional and behavioral problems for boys and girls, separately. RESULTS Boys exposed to 1-OHPyr and 2-OHFlu had a significantly higher risk of externalizing problems (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.09 ~ 6.29; OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.15 ~ 7.42). 2-OHNap exposure faced a higher risk of internalizing problems (OR: 3.85, 95% CI: 1.28 ~ 11.58; OR: 3.63, 95% CI: 1.13 ~ 11.63) and externalizing problems (OR: 4.27, 95% CI: 1.44 ~ 12.70; OR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.49 ~ 14.73). Moreover, boys exposed to 9-OHPhe exhibited a significant risk of anxiety (OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.01 ~ 7.97; OR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.04 ~ 8.68). Similarly, girls exposed to 9-OHPhe had a significant risk of anxiety (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.25 ~ 4.64). CONCLUSION Childhood PAH exposures are associated with emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence, and boys seem more susceptible than girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shudan Liu
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zongwei He
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Adalat S, Hajat S, Ikiz B. Climate change has serious implications for children's brain health. BMJ 2024; 386:q1588. [PMID: 39038838 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shakoor Hajat
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Burcin Ikiz
- Neuro Climate Working Group, Global Consortium on Climate and Health Education, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Ni Y, Szpiro AA, Loftus CT, Workman T, Sullivan A, Wallace ER, Riederer AM, Day DB, Murphy LE, Nguyen RHN, Sathyanarayana S, Barrett ES, Zhao Q, Enquobahrie DA, Simpson C, Ahmad SI, Arizaga JA, Collett BR, Derefinko KJ, Kannan K, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Karr CJ. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and executive functions at school age: Results from a combined cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 260:114407. [PMID: 38879913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive functions develop rapidly in childhood, enabling problem-solving, focused attention, and planning. Exposures to environmental toxicants in pregnancy may impair healthy executive function development in children. There is increasing concern regarding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) given their ability to transfer across the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier, yet evidence from epidemiological studies is limited. METHODS We examined associations between prenatal PAH exposure and executive functions in 814 children of non-smoking mothers from two U.S. cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Seven mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy urine and analyzed individually and as mixtures. Three executive function domains were measured at age 8-9: cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. A composite score quantifying overall performance was further calculated. We fitted linear regressions adjusted for socio-demographics, maternal health behaviors, and psychological measures, and examined modification by child sex and stressful life events in pregnancy. Bayesian kernel machine regression was performed to estimate the interactive and overall effects of the PAH mixture. RESULTS The results from primary analysis of linear regressions were generally null, and no modification by child sex or maternal stress was indicated. Mixture analyses suggested several pairwise interactions between individual PAH metabolites in varied directions on working memory, particularly interactions between 2/3/9-FLUO and other PAH metabolites, but no overall or individual effects were evident. CONCLUSION We conducted a novel exploration of PAH-executive functions association in a large, combined sample from two cohorts. Although findings were predominantly null, the study carries important implications for future research and contributes to evolving science regarding developmental origins of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne M Riederer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura E Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Simpson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shaikh I Ahmad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A Arizaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brent R Collett
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen J Derefinko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Nguyen MQ, Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Hasuo S, Nakamura Y, Okubo H, Sasaki S, Arakawa M. Nut consumption during pregnancy is associated with decreased risk of peer problems in 5-year-old Japanese children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:927-935. [PMID: 38451048 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nuts are nutrient-dense foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids, protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. The present prebirth cohort study examined the association between maternal nut intake during pregnancy and the risk of childhood behavioral problems in 5-year-old Japanese children. METHODS Study subjects were 1199 mother-child pairs. Dietary intake was assessed using a diet history questionnaire. Emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity problems, peer problems, and low prosocial behavior were assessed using the parent-reported version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Adjustments were made for a priori-selected nondietary confounders and potentially related dietary factors. RESULTS Compared with mothers who had not eaten nuts during pregnancy, mothers who had eaten nuts had a significantly reduced risk of peer problems in children; the adjusted odds ratio was 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.42-0.97). There were no measurable associations between maternal consumption of nuts during pregnancy and the risk of childhood emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity problems, and low prosocial behavior. CONCLUSIONS Maternal consumption of nuts during pregnancy may be associated with a decreased risk of peer problems in 5-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Quynh Nguyen
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
- Research Promotion Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
- Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
- Research Promotion Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
- Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shizuka Hasuo
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakamura
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Okubo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Wellness Research Fields, Faculty of Global and Regional Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- The Department of Cross Cultural Studies, Osaka University of Tourism, Okinawa, Japan
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McLarnan SM, Bramer LM, Dixon HM, Scott RP, Calero L, Holmes D, Gibson EA, Cavalier HM, Rohlman D, Miller RL, Kincl L, Waters KM, Anderson KA, Herbstman JB. Predicting personal PAH exposure using high dimensional questionnaire and wristband data. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-023-00617-y. [PMID: 38177333 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of pervasive environmental pollutants with a variety of known health effects. While significant work has been completed to estimate personal exposure to PAHs, less has been done to identify sources of these exposures. Comprehensive characterization of reported sources of personal PAH exposure is a critical step to more easily identify individuals at risk of high levels of exposure and for developing targeted interventions based on source of exposure. OBJECTIVE In this study, we leverage data from a New York (NY)-based birth cohort to identify personal characteristics or behaviors associated with personal PAH exposure and develop models for the prediction of PAH exposure. METHODS We quantified 61 PAHs measured using silicone wristband samplers in association with 75 questionnaire variables from 177 pregnant individuals. We evaluated univariate associations between each compound and questionnaire variable, conducted regression tree analysis for each PAH compound and completed a principal component analysis of for each participant's entire PAH exposure profile to determine the predictors of PAH levels. RESULTS Regression tree analyses of individual compounds and exposure mixture identified income, time spent outdoors, maternal age, country of birth, transportation type, and season as the variables most frequently predictive of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McLarnan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Holly M Dixon
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Richard P Scott
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lehyla Calero
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Darrell Holmes
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gibson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Haleigh M Cavalier
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Diana Rohlman
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Laurel Kincl
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Katrina M Waters
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
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Liu R, Pagliaccio D, Herbstman JB, Fox NA, Margolis AE. Prenatal exposure to air pollution and childhood internalizing problems: roles of shyness and anterior cingulate cortex activity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:1037-1044. [PMID: 36789477 PMCID: PMC10272087 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to air pollution increases the risk for psychiatric disorders characterized by internalizing problems. In this study, we examined the roles of shyness and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity in the association between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and children's internalizing problems at 7-9 years old. METHODS Participants include 53 children (31 girls, 22 boys). Personal air monitoring was conducted over 48 continuous hours during the third trimester of pregnancy to measure 8 PAHs. Mothers reported children's shyness (Emotionality Activity Sociability Temperament Survey) at age 5 and internalizing problems (Child Behavior Checklist) at ages 7-9. ACC activity was measured by fMRI during the Simon Spatial Incompatibility task at ages 7-9. RESULTS Shyness mediated the association between prenatal PAH exposure and internalizing problems. Higher prenatal PAH exposure predicted increased shyness, which in turn predicted greater internalizing problems. Moreover, left ACC activity during the Simon task moderated the association between prenatal PAH exposure and internalizing problems. Prenatal PAH exposure predicted increased risk for internalizing problems only when children showed heightened left ACC activity during the resolution of cognitive conflict. CONCLUSIONS Our study innovatively synthesizes the fields of developmental psychology and environmental health science to offer new insights into the risk factors for anxiety disorders. Facilitating the development of healthy reactive and regulatory processes may improve the developmental outcomes for children highly exposed to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan A. Fox
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Amy E. Margolis
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Wallace ER, Buth E, Szpiro AA, Ni Y, Loftus CT, Masterson E, Day DB, Sun BZ, Sullivan A, Barrett E, Nguyen RH, Robinson M, Kannan K, Mason A, Sathyanarayana S, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Karr CJ. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is not associated with behavior problems in preschool and early school-aged children: A prospective multi-cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114759. [PMID: 36370819 PMCID: PMC9817935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological study findings are inconsistent regarding associations between prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures and childhood behavior. This study examined associations of prenatal PAH exposure with behavior at age 4-6 years in a large, diverse, multi-region prospective cohort. Secondary aims included examination of PAH mixtures and effect modification by child sex, breastfeeding, and child neighborhood opportunity. METHODS The ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium pooled 1118 mother-child dyads from three prospective pregnancy cohorts in six U.S. cities. Seven PAH metabolites were measured in prenatal urine. Child behavior was assessed at age 4-6 using the Total Problems score from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Neighborhood opportunity was assessed using the socioeconomic and educational scales of the Child Opportunity Index. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate associations per 2-fold increase in each PAH metabolite, adjusted for demographic, prenatal, and maternal factors and using interaction terms for effect modifiers. Associations with PAH mixtures were estimated using Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQSR). RESULTS The sample was racially and sociodemographically diverse (38% Black, 49% White, 7% Other; household-adjusted income range $2651-$221,102). In fully adjusted models, each 2-fold increase in 2-hydroxynaphthalene was associated with a lower Total Problems score, contrary to hypotheses (b = -0.80, 95% CI = -1.51, -0.08). Associations were notable in boys (b = -1.10, 95% CI = -2.11, -0.08) and among children breastfed 6+ months (b = -1.31, 95% CI = -2.25, -0.37), although there was no statistically significant evidence for interaction by child sex, breastfeeding, or neighborhood child opportunity. Associations were null for other PAH metabolites; there was no evidence of associations with PAH mixtures from WQSR. CONCLUSION In this large, well-characterized, prospective study of mother-child pairs, prenatal PAH exposure was not associated with child behavior problems. Future studies characterizing the magnitude of prenatal PAH exposure and studies in older childhood are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Erin Buth
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin Masterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bob Z Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ruby Hn Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lakra K, Avishek K. A review on factors influencing fog formation, classification, forecasting, detection and impacts. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2022; 33:319-353. [PMID: 35309246 PMCID: PMC8918085 DOI: 10.1007/s12210-022-01060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the changing climate and environment, the nature of fog has also changed and because of its impact on humans and other systems, study of fog becomes essential. Hence, the study of its controlling factors such as the characteristics of condensation nuclei, microphysics, air–surface interaction, moisture, heat fluxes and synoptic conditions also become crucial, along with research in the field of prediction and detection. The current review expands for the period between 1976 to 2021, however, especially focused on the research articles published in the last two decades. It considers 250 research papers/research letters, 24 review papers, four book chapters/manuals, five news articles, 15 reports, six conference papers and five other online readings. This review is a compilation of the pros and cons of the techniques used to determine the factors influencing fog formation, its classification, tools and techniques available for its detection and forecast. Some recent advanced are also discussed in this review: role of soil properties on fogs, application of microwave communication links in the detection of fog, new class of smog, and how the cognitive abilities of humans are affected by fog. Recently India and China are facing an emergence and repetitions of fog haze/smog and thus their policies initiatives are also briefly discussed. It is concluded that the complexity in fog forecasting is high due to multiple factors playing a role at multiple levels. Most of the researchers have worked upon the role of humidity, temperature, wind, and boundary layer to predict fogs. However, the role of global wind circulations, soil properties, and anthropogenic heat requires further investigations. Literature shows that fog is being harnessed to address water insecurity in various countries, however, coastal areas of Angola, Namibia and South Africa, Kenya, Eastern Yemen, Oman, China, India, Sri Lanka, Mexico, along with the mountainous regions of Peru, Chile, and Ecuador, are some of the potential sites that can benefit from the installation of fog water harvesting systems.
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Holme JA, Valen H, Brinchmann BC, Vist GE, Grimsrud TK, Becher R, Holme AM, Øvrevik J, Alexander J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may explain the paradoxical effects of cigarette use on preeclampsia (PE). Toxicology 2022; 473:153206. [PMID: 35550401 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and use of snus (smokeless tobacco) are associated with adverse effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Nicotine is considered a key toxicant involved in effects caused by both smoking and snus, while pyrolysis products including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smoke represents the constituents most unequally divided between these two groups of tobacco products. The aim of this review was: i) to compare the impact, in terms of relative effect estimates, of cigarette smoking and use of Swedish snus on pregnancy outcomes using similar non-tobacco user controls, and ii) to examine whether exposure to PAHs from smoking could explain possible differences in impact on pregnancy outcomes. We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to October 2021 and identified studies reporting risks for adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes associated with snus use and with smoking relative to pregnant women with no use of tobacco. Both snus use and smoking were associated with increased risk of stillbirth, preterm birth, and oral cleft malformation, with comparable point estimates. These effects were likely due to comparable nicotine exposure. We also found striking differences. While both smoking and snus increased the risk of having small for gestational age (SGA) infants, risk from maternal smoking was markedly higher as was the reduction in birthweight. In contrast, the risk of preeclampsia (PE) was markedly lower in smokers than in controls, while snus use was associated with a slightly increased risk. We suggest that PAHs acting via AhR may explain the stronger effects of tobacco smoking on SGA and also to the apparent protective effect of cigarette smoking on PE. Possible mechanisms involved include: i) disrupted endocrine control of fetal development as well as placental development and function, and ii) stress adaption and immune suppression in placenta and mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn A Holme
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Håkon Valen
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gunn E Vist
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rune Becher
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ane M Holme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jan Alexander
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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10
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Kim YT, Kim W, Bae MJ, Choi JE, Kim MJ, Oh SS, Park KS, Park S, Lee SK, Koh SB, Kim C. The effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on changes in the brain structure of firefighters: An analysis using data from the Firefighters Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151655. [PMID: 34785224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion of organic matter, and firefighters are highly exposed to these toxic compounds at fire sites. Exposure to PAHs can cause cognitive decline and neurodegeneration; however, to date, few studies have examined the potential effects of PAH exposure on structural changes in the brain. We aimed to investigate the association between the four types of PAH metabolites and the corresponding changes in neuroimaging markers based on smoking status and hypertension in male firefighters. For this, we utilized the 2-year follow-up data of 301 Korean male firefighters aged over 40 years. The concentrations of four PAH metabolites in urine were measured. Subcortical volume and cortical thickness were estimated using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. A generalized linear model was used to investigate the effects of PAHs on changes in the subcortical volume and cortical thickness. We found an association between 1-hydroxyphenathrene (1-OHPHE) and 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHF) and changes in several brain regions in all the study participants. Individuals who had never smoked showed significantly thinner frontal (p < 0.001), parietal (p < 0.001), temporal (p < 0.001), and cingulate lobes (p < 0.001) with 1% increase each in the urinary concentration of 1-OHPHE. Hypertension interacted with the concentration of 1-OHPHE to reduce the volume of gray matter and cause cortical thinning in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Exposure to PAHs may reduce cortical thickness and subcortical volume, which are definitive markers of neurodegeneration. Notably, hypertension can accelerate the degenerative effects of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tae Kim
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Joo Bae
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yonsei University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Choi
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ji Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Torres-Moreno C, Puente-DelaCruz L, Codling G, Villa AL, Cobo M, Klanova J, Johnson-Restrepo B. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human breast milk from Colombia: Spatial occurrence, sources and probabilistic risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111981. [PMID: 34499895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The diet is the main route that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) enter the body and measuring breast milk is one of the best ways to understand the maternal body burden and can be passed on to infants. In this study, it was determinate the concentrations of 23 PAHs in 60 milk samples taken from 3 cities in Colombia and to determine the potential routes of exposure and risk to human health. On average, concentration for the ∑PAHs across all locations was 186.6 ng g-1, lipid mass (LM), with city means of 260.1, 175.7, and 123.9 ng g-1 LM for Cartagena, Bogota and Medellin, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for infant dietary exposure to PAHs. HQs were below the safe thresholds (HQ = 1) while ILCRs were greater than the reference value equal to 10-6 (mg kg-1day-1). Dietary source assessment indicated that fish is a significant source of PAHs, with mothers that consumed fish at least once per week having ∼2.5 times greater PAH milk concentrations than other groups. While a disparity was also observed among consumers of exclusively marine (∑PAHs 198.5 ng g-1 LM) or freshwater fish (∑PAHs 85.7 ng g-1 LM). However, geographical considerations can be significant in this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Torres-Moreno
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University Campus of San Pablo, University of Cartagena, Zaragocilla, Carrera 50 No. 24-99, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Laura Puente-DelaCruz
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University Campus of San Pablo, University of Cartagena, Zaragocilla, Carrera 50 No. 24-99, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Garry Codling
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Aída L Villa
- Environmental Catalysis Research Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Martha Cobo
- Energy, Materials, and Environment Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, University of La Sabana, Campus Universitario Puente del Común, Km. 7 Autopista Norte, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jana Klanova
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Johnson-Restrepo
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University Campus of San Pablo, University of Cartagena, Zaragocilla, Carrera 50 No. 24-99, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
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12
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Wallace ER, Ni Y, Loftus CT, Sullivan A, Masterson E, Szpiro AA, Day DB, Robinson M, Kannan K, Tylavsky FA, Sathyanarayana S, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Karr CJ. Prenatal urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and toddler cognition, language, and behavior. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107039. [PMID: 34902794 PMCID: PMC8748410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may negatively impact toddler neurodevelopment. METHODS We investigated this association in 835 mother-child pairs from CANDLE, a diverse pregnancy cohort in the mid-South region of the U.S. PAH metabolite concentrations were measured in mid-pregnancy maternal urine. Cognitive and Language composite scores at ages 2 and 3 years were derived from the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-3). Behavior Problem and Competence scores at age 2 were derived from the Brief Infant and Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). We used multivariate linear or Poisson regression to estimate associations with continuous scores and relative risks (RR) of neurodevelopment delay or behavior problems per 2-fold increase in PAH, adjusted for maternal health, nutrition, and socioeconomic status. Secondary analyses investigated associations with PAH mixture using Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQS) with a permutation test extension. RESULTS 1- hydroxypyrene was associated with elevated relative risk for Neurodevelopmental Delay at age 2 (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03,1.39). Contrary to hypotheses, 1-hydroxynaphthalene was associated with lower risk for Behavior Problems at age 2 (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83,0.98), and combined 1- and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene was associated with 0.52-point higher (95% CI: 0.11,0.93) Cognitive score at age 3. For PAH mixtures, a quintile increase in hydroxy-PAH mixture was associated with lower Language score at age 2 (βwqs = -1.59; 95% CI: -2.84, -0.34; ppermutation = 0.07) and higher Cognitive score at age 3 (βwqs = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.82; ppermutation = 0.05). All other estimates were consistent with null associations. CONCLUSION In this large southern U.S. population we observed some support for adverse associations between PAHs and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin Masterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fran A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Ahadullah, Yau SY, Lu HX, Lee TMC, Guo H, Chan CCH. PM 2.5 as a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorder: Its possible link to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and changes in gene expression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:534-548. [PMID: 34216652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behavioral deficits including impairments in social communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Because the etiology of ASD is still largely unknown, there is no cure for ASD thus far. Although it has been established that genetic components play a vital role in ASD development, the influence of epigenetic regulation induced by environmental factors could also contribute to ASD susceptibility. Accumulated evidence has suggested that exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in polluted air could affect neurodevelopment, thus possibly leading to ASD. Particles with a size of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) or less have been shown to have negative effects on human health, and could be linked to ASD symptoms in children. This review summarizes evidence from clinical and animal studies to demonstrate the possible linkage between PM2.5 exposure and the incidence of ASD in children. An attempt was made to explore the possible mechanisms of this linkage, including changes of gene expression, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation induced by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahadullah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Hao-Xian Lu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Blazkova B, Pastorkova A, Solansky I, Veleminsky M, Veleminsky M, Urbancova K, Vondraskova V, Hajslova J, Pulkrabova J, Sram RJ. Effect of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure on Cognitive Development in 5 Years Old Children. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E619. [PMID: 32906797 PMCID: PMC7563279 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To analyze the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air at the time of delivery and five years of age on cognitive development in five year old children. Materials and Methods: Two cohorts of children born in the years 2013 and 2014 from Karvina (Northern Moravia, n = 70) and Ceske Budejovice (Southern Bohemia, n = 99) were studied at the age of five years for their cognitive development related to the exposure to PAHs, determined in the ambient air as the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and OH-PAH (hydroxy-PAH) metabolites in urine of the newborns at the time of delivery. As psychological tests, the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test (BG test) and the Raven Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM test) were used. Results: Concentrations of B[a]P in the third trimester of mother's pregnancies were 6.1 ± 4.53 ng/m3 in Karvina, and 1.19 ± 1.28 ng/m3 (p < 0.001) in Ceske Budejovice. Neither the outcome of the RCPM test nor the BG test differed between children in Karvina vs. Ceske Budejovice, or boys vs. girls. Cognitive development in five year old children was affected by the higher exposure to PM2.5 during the third trimester in girls in Karvina. Conclusions: We did not observe any significant effect of prenatal PAH exposure on psychological cognitive tests in five year old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Blazkova
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (B.B.); (A.P.); (I.S.); (M.V.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Anna Pastorkova
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (B.B.); (A.P.); (I.S.); (M.V.J.); (M.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Solansky
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (B.B.); (A.P.); (I.S.); (M.V.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Milos Veleminsky
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (B.B.); (A.P.); (I.S.); (M.V.J.); (M.V.)
- Hospital Ceske Budejovice, a.s., 370 01 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Veleminsky
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (B.B.); (A.P.); (I.S.); (M.V.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Katerina Urbancova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.U.); (V.V.); (J.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Veronika Vondraskova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.U.); (V.V.); (J.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.U.); (V.V.); (J.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Jana Pulkrabova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.U.); (V.V.); (J.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Radim J. Sram
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (B.B.); (A.P.); (I.S.); (M.V.J.); (M.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Chen B, Huang S, He J, He Q, Chen S, Liu X, Peng S, Luo D, Duan Y. Sex-specific influence of prenatal air pollutant exposure on neonatal neurobehavioral development and the sensitive window. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126824. [PMID: 32335443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates the adverse effect of air pollution exposure during pregnancy on neurologic development among children. However, the impact on neurobehavioral development in fetus remains unknown. In 2017, a total of 1193 mother-newborns pairs were enrolled in a birth cohort study in Changsha, China. Exposures to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO and NO2 were determined by using inverse distance weighted method based on local monitoring station data. Neurobehavioral measure was administered at 48-72 h postpartum by utilizing the neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA). Basic information and covariates were collected by face to face interview. Generalized linear regression and multivariable restricted cubic spline function were performed to explore the trimester-specific association and dose-response relationship of maternal air pollution exposure with NBNA score, respectively. In adjusted three-pollutant model, PM2.5 exposure in trimester 2 was negatively associated with behavior score (β, -0.003; 95% CI, -0.006, -0.001) and the inverse relation was more pronounced in male infants. In addition, PM2.5 level in the 2nd trimester was negatively related to activetone score (β, -0.012; 95% CI, -0.021, -0.002) in a dose-dependent manner for both genders. Collectively, our results demonstrated that prenatal exposure to PM2.5 was linked to poor neurobehavioral performance of newborns. The second trimester was the most sensitive time window for the developments of behavior and activetone, and male subject was more vulnerable as compared to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shangzhuan Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Qican He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shaoyi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaoqun Liu
- Department of Children and Maternal Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Songxu Peng
- Department of Children and Maternal Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yanying Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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16
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Garland MA, Geier MC, Bugel SM, Shankar P, Dunham CL, Brown JM, Tilton SC, Tanguay RL. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mediates Larval Zebrafish Fin Duplication Following Exposure to Benzofluoranthenes. Toxicol Sci 2020; 176:46-64. [PMID: 32384158 PMCID: PMC7357178 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates developmental toxicity of several xenobiotic classes including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Using embryonic zebrafish, we previously identified 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that caused a novel phenotype among AHR ligands-growth of a lateral, duplicate caudal fin fold. The window of sensitivity to the most potent inducer of this phenotype, benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), was prior to 36 h postfertilization (hpf), although the phenotype was not manifest until 60 hpf. AHR dependency via Ahr2 was demonstrated using morpholino knockdown. Hepatocyte ablation demonstrated that hepatic metabolism of BkF was not required for the phenotype, nor was it responsible for the window of sensitivity. RNA sequencing performed on caudal trunk tissue from BkF-exposed animals collected at 48, 60, 72, and 96 hpf showed upregulation of genes associated with AHR activation, appendage development, and tissue patterning. Genes encoding fibroblast growth factor and bone morphogenic protein ligands, along with retinaldehyde dehydrogenase, were prominently upregulated. Gene Ontology term analysis revealed that upregulated genes were enriched for mesoderm development and fin regeneration, whereas downregulated genes were enriched for Wnt signaling and neuronal development. MetaCore (Clarivate Analytics) systems analysis of orthologous human genes predicted that R-SMADs, AP-1, and LEF1 regulated the expression of an enriched number of gene targets across all time points. Our results demonstrate a novel aspect of AHR activity with implications for developmental processes conserved across vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Garland
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97333
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, and Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Mitra C Geier
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97333
- Department of Pesticide Regulation, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA 95814
| | - Sean M Bugel
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97333
| | - Prarthana Shankar
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97333
| | - Cheryl L Dunham
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97333
| | - Joseph M Brown
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, Richland, Washington 99352
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97333
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97333
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Drago G, Ruggieri S, Bianchi F, Sampino S, Cibella F. Birth Cohorts in Highly Contaminated Sites: A Tool for Monitoring the Relationships Between Environmental Pollutants and Children's Health. Front Public Health 2020; 8:125. [PMID: 32411642 PMCID: PMC7198735 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial areas are characterized by the dispersion of environmental stressors that could possibly have long-term detrimental effects on both human health and the environment. Environmental contamination has been indicated to be one of the major risks for reproductive health. In this context, the effects of environmental pollution on pregnant women living in heavily polluted areas is of special interest. In fact, fetal development is a crucial phase due to the dynamic interaction between the maternal/external environments and the developing organs and tissues. Moreover, following Barker's postulate of the intrauterine origin of health and disease, the events occurring in this time window could affect future health. Birth cohorts provide the most suitable design for assessing the association between early-life and possible long-term health outcomes in highly contaminated sites. By providing an assessment of the early life environment throughout the collection of biological samples, birth cohorts offer the opportunity to study in-depth several possible confounders and outcomes by means of questionnaires and follow-ups based on clinical evaluations and bio-specimen samplings. The exposome comprises the totality of exposures from conception onwards; the birth cohort approach allows the integration of the exposures as a whole, including those related to socioeconomic status, with "omics" data from biological samples collected at birth and throughout life. In the characterization of the "fetal exposome," the placenta represents a highly informative and scarcely considered organ. For this purpose, the "Neonatal Environment and Health Outcomes" (NEHO) birth cohort has been established by enrolling pregnant women residing in contaminated sites and in surrounding areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspare Drago
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvestre Sampino
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Fabio Cibella
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Palermo, Italy
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Rezaei Kalantary R, Jaffarzadeh N, Rezapour M, Hesami Arani M. Association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11531-11540. [PMID: 32124297 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have shown that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a dangerous factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify this relationship, and to collect and analyze all the relevant evidences in published reports of epidemiologic studies. PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched through September 31, 2018. The study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Moreover, fixed- and random-effect models were used. The data in this meta-analysis were presented as adjusted odds ratio (AOR). From 959 articles, six articles were included in the systematic review, and for meta-analysis, one study (that was not AOR) was excluded. The participants included in the studies were 2799 with the age range of 5-15 years old, and 93.6% were living in America. Four of the studies were placed in one group, due to having a common author (Perera). Moreover, a significant association was found between PAH exposure and ADHD in these studies (odds ratio = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.75-3.78); however, in all studies, there was no significant association between PAH exposure and ADHD for children (overall odds ratio = 1.99, 95% CI = 0.96-4.11) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 28.73%; P value < 0.001). This study provided a systematic review and meta-analytic evidence for the association between PAH exposure and ADHD by a small number of studies. Further research study can be conducted in various countries. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maysam Rezapour
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hesami Arani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jorcano A, Lubczyńska MJ, Pierotti L, Altug H, Ballester F, Cesaroni G, El Marroun H, Fernández-Somoano A, Freire C, Hanke W, Hoek G, Ibarluzea J, Iñiguez C, Jansen PW, Lepeule J, Markevych I, Polańska K, Porta D, Schikowski T, Slama R, Standl M, Tardon A, Vrijkotte TGM, von Berg A, Tiemeier H, Sunyer J, Guxens M. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution and emotional and aggressive symptoms in children from 8 European birth cohorts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104927. [PMID: 31326824 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between air pollution exposure and emotional and behavioural problems in children is unclear. We aimed to assess prenatal and postnatal exposure to several air pollutants and child's depressive and anxiety symptoms, and aggressive symptoms in children of 7-11 years. METHODS We analysed data of 13182 children from 8 European population-based birth cohorts. Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM) with diameters of ≤10 μm (PM10), ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and between 10 and 2.5 μm (PMcoarse), the absorbance of PM2.5 filters (PM2.5abs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were estimated at residential addresses of each participant. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and aggressive symptoms were assessed at 7-11 years of age using parent reported tests. Children were classified in borderline/clinical range or clinical range using validated cut offs. Region specific models were adjusted for various socio-economic and lifestyle characteristics and then combined using random effect meta-analysis. Multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting methods were applied to correct for potential attrition bias. RESULTS A total of 1896 (14.4%) children were classified as having depressive and anxiety symptoms in the borderline/clinical range, and 1778 (13.4%) as having aggressive symptoms in the borderline/clinical range. Overall, 1108 (8.4%) and 870 (6.6%) children were classified as having depressive and anxiety symptoms, and aggressive symptoms in the clinical range, respectively. Prenatal exposure to air pollution was not associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in the borderline/clinical range (e.g. OR 1.02 [95%CI 0.95 to 1.10] per 10 μg/m3 higher NO2) nor with aggressive symptoms in the borderline/clinical range (e.g. OR 1.04 [95%CI 0.96 to 1.12] per 10 μg/m3 higher NO2). Similar results were observed for the symptoms in the clinical range, and for postnatal exposures to air pollution. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggest that prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution is not associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms or aggressive symptoms in children of 7 to 11 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Jorcano
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Małgorzata J Lubczyńska
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Livia Pierotti
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hicran Altug
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giulia Cesaroni
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Departamento de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias, Foundation for Biosanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA-FINBA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Freire
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Gerard Hoek
- IRAS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Salud, Gobierno Vasco, Subdirección de Salud Pública de Guipúzcoa, San Sebastián, Spain; BIODONOSTIA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, San Sebastián 20014, Spain; School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián 20080, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistic and Computational Research, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kinga Polańska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Daniela Porta
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Remy Slama
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Departamento de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias, Foundation for Biosanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA-FINBA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrea von Berg
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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20
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Coupling Genome-wide Transcriptomics and Developmental Toxicity Profiles in Zebrafish to Characterize Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Hazard. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102570. [PMID: 31130617 PMCID: PMC6566387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are diverse environmental pollutants associated with adverse human health effects. Many studies focus on the carcinogenic effects of a limited number of PAHs and there is an increasing need to understand mechanisms of developmental toxicity of more varied yet environmentally relevant PAHs. A previous study characterized the developmental toxicity of 123 PAHs in zebrafish. Based on phenotypic responses ranging from complete inactivity to acute mortality, we classified these PAHs into eight bins, selected 16 representative PAHs, and exposed developing zebrafish to the concentration of each PAH that induced 80% phenotypic effect. We conducted RNA sequencing at 48 h post fertilization to identify gene expression changes as a result of PAH exposure. Using the Context Likelihood of Relatedness algorithm, we inferred a network that links the PAHs based on coordinated gene responses to PAH exposure. The 16 PAHs formed two broad clusters: Cluster A was transcriptionally more similar to the controls, while Cluster B consisted of PAHs that were generally more developmentally toxic, significantly elevated cyp1a transcript levels, and induced Ahr2-dependent Cyp1a protein expression in the skin confirmed by gene-silencing studies. We found that cyp1a transcript levels were associated with transcriptomic response, but not with PAH developmental toxicity. While all cluster B PAHs predominantly activated Ahr2, they also each enriched unique pathways like ion transport signaling, which likely points to differing molecular events between the PAHs downstream of Ahr2. Thus, using a systems biology approach, we have begun to evaluate, classify, and define mechanisms of PAH toxicity.
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Association Between Air Pollution Exposure, Cognitive and Adaptive Function, and ASD Severity Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:137-150. [PMID: 28921105 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to air pollution has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk but no study has examined associations with ASD severity or functioning. Cognitive ability, adaptive functioning, and ASD severity were assessed in 327 children with ASD from the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment study using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS), and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule calibrated severity score. Estimates of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, and near-roadway air pollution were assigned to each trimester of pregnancy and first year of life. Increasing prenatal and first year NO2 exposures were associated with decreased MSEL and VABS scores. Increasing PM10 exposure in the third trimester was paradoxically associated with improved performance on the VABS. ASD severity was not associated with air pollution exposure.
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Air Pollution Exposure During Pregnancy and Symptoms of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Children in Europe. Epidemiology 2019; 29:618-626. [PMID: 29923866 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may increase attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children, but findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to study this association in a collaborative study of eight European population-based birth/child cohorts, including 29,127 mother-child pairs. METHODS Air pollution concentrations (nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and particulate matter [PM]) were estimated at the birth address by land-use regression models based on monitoring campaigns performed between 2008 and 2011. We extrapolated concentrations back in time to exact pregnancy periods. Teachers or parents assessed ADHD symptoms at 3-10 years of age. We classified children as having ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range and within the clinical range using validated cutoffs. We combined all adjusted area-specific effect estimates using random-effects meta-analysis and multiple imputations and applied inverse probability-weighting methods to correct for loss to follow-up. RESULTS We classified a total of 2,801 children as having ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range, and 1,590 within the clinical range. Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy was not associated with a higher odds of ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range (e.g., adjusted odds ratio [OR] for ADHD symptoms of 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89, 1.01 per 10 µg/m increase in NO2 and 0.98, 95% CI = 0.80, 1.19 per 5 µg/m increase in PM2.5). We observed similar associations for ADHD within the clinical range. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence for an increase in risk of ADHD symptoms with increasing prenatal air pollution levels in children aged 3-10 years. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B379.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Raine
- Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Perera F. Pollution from Fossil-Fuel Combustion is the Leading Environmental Threat to Global Pediatric Health and Equity: Solutions Exist. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 15:E16. [PMID: 29295510 PMCID: PMC5800116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fossil-fuel combustion by-products are the world's most significant threat to children's health and future and are major contributors to global inequality and environmental injustice. The emissions include a myriad of toxic air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO₂), which is the most important human-produced climate-altering greenhouse gas. Synergies between air pollution and climate change can magnify the harm to children. Impacts include impairment of cognitive and behavioral development, respiratory illness, and other chronic diseases-all of which may be "seeded" in utero and affect health and functioning immediately and over the life course. By impairing children's health, ability to learn, and potential to contribute to society, pollution and climate change cause children to become less resilient and the communities they live in to become less equitable. The developing fetus and young child are disproportionately affected by these exposures because of their immature defense mechanisms and rapid development, especially those in low- and middle-income countries where poverty and lack of resources compound the effects. No country is spared, however: even high-income countries, especially low-income communities and communities of color within them, are experiencing impacts of fossil fuel-related pollution, climate change and resultant widening inequality and environmental injustice. Global pediatric health is at a tipping point, with catastrophic consequences in the absence of bold action. Fortunately, technologies and interventions are at hand to reduce and prevent pollution and climate change, with large economic benefits documented or predicted. All cultures and communities share a concern for the health and well-being of present and future children: this shared value provides a politically powerful lever for action. The purpose of this commentary is to briefly review the data on the health impacts of fossil-fuel pollution, highlighting the neurodevelopmental impacts, and to briefly describe available means to achieve a low-carbon economy, and some examples of interventions that have benefited health and the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederica Perera
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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25
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Air pollution and suicide risk: another adverse effect of air pollution? Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 32:943-946. [PMID: 29101595 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Younan D, Tuvblad C, Li L, Wu J, Lurmann F, Franklin M, Berhane K, McConnell R, Wu AH, Baker L, Chen JC. Environmental Determinants of Aggression in Adolescents: Role of Urban Neighborhood Greenspace. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:591-601. [PMID: 27343886 PMCID: PMC4924128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neighborhood greenspace improves mental health of urban-dwelling populations, but its putative neurobehavioral benefits in adolescents remain unclear. We conducted a prospective study on urban-dwelling adolescents to examine the association between greenspace in residential neighborhood and aggressive behaviors. METHOD Participants (n = 1,287) of the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior Study, a multi-ethnic cohort of twins and triplets born in 1990 to 1995 and living in Southern California, were examined in 2000 to 2012 (aged 9-18 years) with repeated assessments of their aggressive behaviors by the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from satellite imagery was used as a proxy for residential neighborhood greenspace aggregated over various spatiotemporal scales before each assessment. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to estimate the effects of greenspace on aggressive behaviors, adjusting for within-family/within-individual correlations and other potential confounders. RESULTS Both short-term (1- to 6-month) and long-term (1- to 3-year) exposures to greenspace within 1,000 meters surrounding residences were associated with reduced aggressive behaviors. The benefit of increasing vegetation over the range (∼0.12 in NDVI) commonly seen in urban environments was equivalent to approximately 2 to 2.5 years of behavioral maturation. Sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status) and neighborhood quality did not confound or modify these associations, and the benefits remained after accounting for temperature. CONCLUSION Our novel findings support the benefits of neighborhood greenspace in reducing aggressive behaviors of urban-dwelling adolescents. Community-based interventions are needed to determine the efficacy of greenspace as a preemptive strategy to reduce aggressive behaviors in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Younan
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
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