1
|
Jokić Govedarica J, Tomašević Pilipović D, Gvoić V, Kerkez Đ, Leovac Maćerak A, Slijepčević N, Bečelić-Tomin M. Eco-friendly nanoparticles: mechanisms and capacities for efficient removal of heavy metals and phosphate from water using definitive screening design approach. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:118. [PMID: 38478162 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Can nano-zero-valent iron, synthesized using oak leaf extract, be the key solution for water preservation, efficiently removing heavy metal ions and phosphate anions simultaneously? This research unveils how this technology not only promises high efficiency in the remediation of water resources, but also sets new standards for environmentally friendly processes. The high antioxidant capacity and high phenol content indicate suggest the possibility of oak-nZVI synthesis using oak leaf extract as a stable material with minimal agglomeration. The simultaneous removal of Cd and phosphates, as well as and Ni and phosphates was optimized by a statistically designed experiment with a definitive screening design approach. By defining the key factors with the most significant impact, a more efficient and faster method is achieved, improving the economic sustainability of the research by minimizing the number of experiments while maximizing precision. In terms of significance, four input parameters affecting process productivity were monitored: initial metal concentration (1-9 mg L-1), initial ion concentration (1-9 mg L-1), pH value (2-10), and oak-nZVI dosage (2-16 mL). The process optimization resulted in the highest simultaneous removal efficiency of 98.99 and 87.30% for cadmium and phosphate ions, respectively. The highest efficiency for the simultaneous removal of nickel and phosphate ions was 93.44 and 96.75%, respectively. The optimization process fits within the confidence intervals, which confirms the assumption that the selected regression model well describes the process. In the context of e of the challenges and problems of environmental protection, this work has shown considerable potential and successful application for the simultaneous removal of Cd(II) and Ni(II) in the presence of phosphates from water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Jokić Govedarica
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Tomašević Pilipović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Gvoić
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Đurđa Kerkez
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Anita Leovac Maćerak
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Slijepčević
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milena Bečelić-Tomin
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ben Amar I, Thomas A, Bachmann C, Hafnaoui A, Griguer H, Miled A, Messaddeq Y. XRF online analyzer for measurements of P 2O 5 content in phosphate slurry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17925. [PMID: 37864005 PMCID: PMC10589280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Online X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) setup was constructed and optimized for analysing the P2O5 content in phosphate slurry (PS). Serval samples were analysed using two configurations of the setup, one with low and vertical flow and another with high and horizontal flow. The mean absolute error achieved through the first configuration was 0.87% and 0.38% using the second configuration. Reference samples were analyzed using the two configurations to construct the calibration curves. The curves cover a concentration range of P2O5 from 13.50 to 18.50% when considering the horizontal flow configuration, and a range of 14.00-15.60% when considering the vertical flow setup. An experimental study was conducted in order to optimize the measurement parameters for the online measurement of P2O5 in the phosphate slurry using the horizontal flow setup. A good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of [Formula: see text] was attained using an excitation energy of 20 kV or 25 kV, an excitation current of 600 µA, a distance of 18 mm between the sample and the detector, a measurement time of 60 s per spectrum and the use of an Aluminum filter between the X-ray tube and the measurement window. Online X-ray fluorescence analysis of P entails some challenges due to the low characteristic energy of P, the phosphate slurry matrix and the online analysis mode. However, the outcomes of this study indicate that XRF is a promising technology to meet the requirement for digitalization of chemical analysis of phosphate products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ben Amar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Digital Innovation Center of Excellence DICE, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University UM6P, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
- Center for Optics, Photonics, and Lasers, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Hafid Griguer
- Digital Innovation Center of Excellence DICE, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University UM6P, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Amine Miled
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Younès Messaddeq
- Center for Optics, Photonics, and Lasers, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Limmun W, Ishikawa N, Maeda T, Umeda T, Song J, Sasamoto M, Umita T, Ito A. Exploration of an efficient method for removing antibiotics from water and digested sewage sludge using Fe(VI): Kinetics and P phytoavailability and compostability in treated sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139165. [PMID: 37295684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) containing hexavalent iron [Fe(VI)] is an environmentally friendly oxidant, which possesses strong oxidizing power to treat wastewater and sludge. Therefore, the present study investigated degradation of selected antibiotics, namely levofloxacin (LEV), ciprofloxacin (CIP), oxytetracycline (OTC), and azithromycin (AZI), in water and anaerobically digested sewage sludge samples using Fe(VI). The effects of different Fe(VI) concentrations and initial pH values on antibiotic removal efficiency were evaluated. Under the studied conditions, LEV and CIP were almost completely removed from water samples, following second-order kinetics. In addition, over 60% of the four selected antibiotics were removed from sludge samples using 1 g L-1 Fe(VI). Furthermore, P phytoavailability and compostability of Fe(VI)-treated sludge were evaluated using different extraction reagents and a small composting unit. The extraction efficiency of phytoavailable P using 2% citric acid and neutral ammonium citrate was approximately 40% and 70%, respectively. The mixture of Fe(VI)-treated sludge and rice husk was self-heated in a closed composting reactor through the biodegradation of organic matter derived from the treated sludge. Therefore, Fe(VI)-treated sludge may be used as an organic material containing phytoavailable P for compost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warunee Limmun
- Department of Frontier Matters and Function Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan; Department of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, 17/1, Chumko Pathio, Chumphon, 86160, Thailand
| | - Nao Ishikawa
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Takeki Maeda
- Department of Food Production and Environmental Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-34 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Takayuki Umeda
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Jie Song
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasamoto
- Technical Office, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Umita
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ito
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yesigat A, Worku A, Mekonnen A, Bae W, Feyisa GL, Gatew S, Han JL, Liu W, Wang A, Guadie A. Phosphorus recovery as K-struvite from a waste stream: A review of influencing factors, advantages, disadvantages and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114086. [PMID: 35970377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the depletion of natural resources and contamination of the surrounding environment demand a paradigm shift to resource recycling and reuse. In this regard, phosphorus (P) is a model nutrient that possesses the negative traits of depletion (will be exhausted in the next 100 years) and environmental degradation (causes eutrophication and climate change), and this has prompted the scientific community to search for options to solve P-related problems. To date, P recovery in the form of struvite from wastewater is one viable solution suggested by many scholars. Struvite can be recovered either in the form of NH4-struvite (MgNH4PO4•6H2O) or K-struvite (MgKPO4•6H2O). From struvite, K (MgKPO4•6H2O) and N (MgNH4PO4•6H2O) are important nutrients for plant growth, but N is more abundant in the environment than K (the soil's most limited nutrient), which requires a systematic approach during P recovery. Although K-struvite recovery is a promising approach, information related to its crystallization is deficient. Here, we present the general concept of P recovery as struvite and details about K-struvite, such as the source of nutrients, factors (pH, molar ratio, supersaturation, temperature, and seeding), advantages (environmental, economic, and social), disadvantages (heavy metals, pathogenic organisms, and antibiotic resistance genes), and challenges (scale-up and acceptance). Overall, this study provides insights into state-of-the-art K-struvite recovery from wastewater as a potential slow-release fertilizer that can be used as a macronutrient (P-K-Mg) source for plants as commercial grade-fertilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asamin Yesigat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Worku
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Mekonnen
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wookeun Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Legese Feyisa
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shetie Gatew
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia
| | - Jing-Long Han
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Aijie Wang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Awoke Guadie
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Buss W, Wurzer C, Bach M, Heberling J, Appel T, Gerber H, Mašek O. Highly efficient phosphorus recovery from sludge and manure biochars using potassium acetate pre-treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:115035. [PMID: 35436706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis converts nutrient-rich residues (e.g., sewage sludge and manures) into biochar with low levels of organic contaminants and high nutrient contents. However, the availability of phosphorus (P) as one of the key nutrients in such biochar tends to be low and new approaches are needed to enhance P-availability. In this work we tested and optimised one such method, doping biomass prior to pyrolysis with potassium (K) as potassium acetate. The treatment worked effectively in both pyrolysis units tested (microscale and lab-scale, continuous unit) and all three feedstocks (two types of sewage sludges and swine manure). The most dramatic effect was observed in the microscale pyrolysis unit at 400 °C where 5% K doping increased the water-extractable P content 700-fold to 43% of total P. Of the added K, on average 90% was retained in biochar after pyrolysis of which ∼50% was water-extractable. The proposed method enables conversion of low-value residues into valuable resources with agronomically relevant total and available P and K levels. This approach does not require specialised equipment or process modifications and is therefore easy to implement and relatively cheap (∼US$ 60-80 t-1 treated feedstock). It can present an urgently required solution to fulfil regulatory requirements for P-recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Buss
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, 2601, Canberra, Australia; UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, EH9 3FF, Edinburgh, UK; Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 9, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christian Wurzer
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, EH9 3FF, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Thomas Appel
- University of Applied Sciences Bingen, Berlinstraße 109, 55411, Bingen, Germany
| | | | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, EH9 3FF, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Preisner M, Smol M, Horttanainen M, Deviatkin I, Havukainen J, Klavins M, Ozola-Davidane R, Kruopienė J, Szatkowska B, Appels L, Houtmeyers S, Roosalu K. Indicators for resource recovery monitoring within the circular economy model implementation in the wastewater sector. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114261. [PMID: 34923410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The European Union is currently in the process of transformation toward a circular economy model in which different areas of activity should be integrated for more efficient management of raw materials and waste. The wastewater sector has a great potential in this regard and therefore is an important element of the transformation process to the circular economy model. The targets of the circular economy policy framework such as resource recovery are tightly connected with the wastewater treatment processes and sewage sludge management. With this in view, the present study aims to review existing indicators on resource recovery that can enable efficient monitoring of the sustainable and circular solutions implemented in the wastewater sector. Within the reviewed indicators, most of them were focused on technological aspects of resource recovery processes such as nutrient removal efficiency, sewage sludge processing methods and environmental aspects as the pollutant share in the sewage sludge or its ashes. Moreover, other wide-scope indicators such as the wastewater service coverage or the production of bio-based fertilizers and hydrochar within the wastewater sector were analyzed. The results were used for the development of recommendations for improving the resources recovery monitoring framework in the wastewater sector and a proposal of a circularity indicator for a wastewater treatment plant highlighting new challenges for further researches and wastewater professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Preisner
- Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland.
| | - Marzena Smol
- Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang CL, Kang W, Xu S, Gao B, Huang W, Li Z, Cui S. Growing phosphorus dilemma: The opportunity from aquatic systems' secondary phosphorus retention capacity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148938. [PMID: 34273826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The essential cause of phosphorus scarcity and phosphorus-induced risks, i.e. phosphorus dilemma, mainly lies in current low phosphorus flow efficiency (PFE) in agricultural systems. Improving PFE largely depends on secondary phosphorus retention along the phosphorus flow chain from phosphate mining to terrestrial agricultural systems, to aquatic systems, and ultimately to seabed deposition. Our review found that aquatic systems will have the opportunity and growing capacity to retain seaward secondary phosphorus carried by the runoff, due to its location between land and water systems, its ability of converting secondary phosphorus from both land and aquatic systems into aquatic products, and its rapid expansion with low PFE. However, a knowledge gap exists in secondary phosphorus retention in aquatic systems compared to in terrestrial systems. Although the phosphorus retention literature continues to grow in environmental and agricultural & biological sciences, only 8.8% of the documents are related to aquatic systems with few quantification studies. Based on the literature with phosphorus retention quantification since 1979, we divided the reported phosphorus interceptors into abiotic and biotic groups, further into 7 categories and more subcategories. By 2020, eight categories of interceptors had been reported, increased from only one interceptor in 1979. However, most of them focused on wetlands, only a few studies on aquatic organisms which concentrated in 8 countries before 2000. Thus, it is urgent to emphasize aquatic systems' secondary phosphorus retention capacity and its systemic benefits for a sustainable phosphorus use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Long Huang
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, 398, Donghai Street, Quanzhou 362000, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799, Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Weifeng Kang
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, 398, Donghai Street, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Su Xu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799, Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799, Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799, Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zirong Li
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, 398, Donghai Street, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799, Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiong Q, Wu X, Lv H, Liu S, Hou H, Wu X. Influence of rice husk addition on phosphorus fractions and heavy metals risk of biochar derived from sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130566. [PMID: 33932904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of rice husk dose and pyrolysis temperature on the phosphorus (P) fractions and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochar co-pyrolyzed from sewage sludge and rice husk. Biochar properties were analyzed, and the transformation of P and heavy metals speciation during co-pyrolysis were also discussed. Co-pyrolysis of raw sludge and rice husk (10-50 wt%) could increase the carbonization degree and stability of biochar at 500 °C. The organic P (OP) in raw sludge (68 wt%) was transformed to inorganic P (IP) during co-pyrolysis, indicating that the addition of rice husk could improve biochar-P bioavailability by promoting the transformation of IP. The IP content increased from 71.5 wt% of sludge biochar to 92 wt% of blended biochar (50 wt% sludge and 50 wt% rice husk) at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. With the mass ratio of sludge to rice husk of 5:5, the OP content decreased from 3 mg g-1 to 0.75 mg g-1 as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 °C to 700 °C. The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that P species in biochar mainly existed as orthophosphate, which can be directly taken up by plants. After co-pyrolysis, the toxicity and mobility of heavy metals gradually decreased with increasing rice husk dose and pyrolysis temperature. The study indicates that co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and rice husk could be a promising P reuse strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hang Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Shuhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma P, Rosen C. Land application of sewage sludge incinerator ash for phosphorus recovery: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129609. [PMID: 33545594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is essential for all living things and an integral part of food production. However, significant amounts of P are functionally lost when wastewater byproducts, such as biosolids or sewage sludge incinerator ash (SSA), are not beneficially reused. Around 20% of sewage sludge produced in the US is incinerated and nearly 25% of sewage sludge is incinerated in European Union member countries. SSA contains significant amounts of P (up to 14% total P) and other beneficial elements but is typically sent to landfills for disposal. However, SSA has also been explored as one method of capturing and redirecting P back into the food system. Research investigating SSA characterization, P availability, and contaminant concentrations and behavior in soil is required to understand the effects of SSA land application on soil chemical properties and crop production. Several approaches for recovering P from SSA have been investigated that consider these factors. Ultimately, the opportunity for land application of SSA depends on the individual characteristics of a given SSA, ex. total P and contaminant concentrations, and the requirements and regulations of the region where it is produced and applied. In this review, we address the history of P recovery from SSA and discuss research regarding characterization, contaminants, P availability, and land application of SSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Persephone Ma
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Carl Rosen
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Siwek H, Pawelec K. Competitive Interaction of Phosphate with Selected Toxic Metals Ions in the Adsorption from Effluent of Sewage Sludge by Iron/Alginate Beads. Molecules 2020; 25:E3962. [PMID: 32878098 PMCID: PMC7504809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater is characterized by a high content of phosphate and toxic metals. Many studies have confirmed the sorption affinity of alginate adsorbents for these ions. In this study, the adsorption of phosphate from effluent of sewage sludge on biodegradable alginate matrices cross-linked with Fe3+ ions (Fe_Alg) was investigated. Kinetics and adsorption isotherms were tested in laboratory conditions in deionized water (DW_P) and in the effluent (SW_P), and in the same solutions enriched in toxic metals ions-Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ (DW_PM and SW_PM). Batch experiments were performed by changing the concentration of phosphate at constant metal concentration. Kinetics experiments indicated that the pseudo-second-order model displayed the best correlation with adsorption kinetics data for both metals and phosphate. The Freundlich equation provided the best fit with the experimental results of phosphate adsorption from DW_P and DW_PM, while the adsorption from SD_P and SD_PM was better described by the Langmuir equation. For tested systems, the affinity of the Fe_Alg for metal ions was in the following decreasing order: Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ in DW_PM, and Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ in SW_PM. The metals' enrichment of the DW_P solution increased the affinity of Fe_Alg beads relating to phosphate, while the addition of the metals of the SW_P solution decreased this affinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Siwek
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, ul. J.Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guadie A, Belay A, Liu W, Yesigat A, Hao X, Wang A. Rift Valley Lake as a potential magnesium source to recover phosphorus from urine. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109363. [PMID: 32209497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus recovery from urine is a sustainable approach. However, the challenge of this process is the accessibility of economically feasible magnesium sources. This study aimed to investigate the potential of low-cost Rift Valley Lake magnesium (RVL-Mg) source for phosphorus recovery from urine, where data is deficient in the source area. The effect of various operational conditions such as storage, Mg:P ratio (0.8-2.0), pH (5.5-10.5), mixing speed (30-180 rpm), urease enzyme addition (50-700 μL), urine dilution (0.11-9.0) and Ca:Mg ratio (0.3-2.5) was investigated. Under optimum operating conditions (M:P = 1.6, pH = 9, urease enzyme = 500 μL, mixing speed = 120 rpm, 60 min precipitation), the phosphorus removal efficiencies were >96% for actual and >98% for synthetic urine. During storage, spontaneous phosphorus losses were observed from synthetic (24.0%) and actual (32.0%) hydrolyzed urine due to precipitation with calcium and magnesium. The phosphorus recovery efficiency was reduced at higher (0.11:1) and lower (9:1) urine to RVL-Mg dilution, which is related to lower supersaturation of phosphorus and magnesium ions, respectively. Addition of calcium did not affect phosphorus removal efficiency, but the effect was significant on crystal product. With low (<1.0) Ca:Mg ratio, the crystal chemical analysis showed that the product has to be pure struvite (>99%), which was further identified by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction to be quality struvite that might be used for agricultural purpose. Overall, low-cost magnesium ion collected from Rift Valley Lake can be a potentially candidate for sustainable phosphorus recovery from urine and any other phosphorus containing waste stream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awoke Guadie
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Abaynesh Belay
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wenzong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Asamin Yesigat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang F, Chen J, Yang M, Wang X, Sun Y, Xu Y, Qian G. Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge via incineration with chlorine-based additives. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 95:644-651. [PMID: 31351652 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for all organisms, and the recovery of P from sewage sludge (SS) has been the focus of recent research. The effect of temperature and chlorine-based additives (MgCl2 and CaCl2) on P recovery and heavy metal (Cu, Zn, and Cr) removal during SS incineration were investigated. The results showed that temperature and chlorine-based additives increased the P fixation and improved the P-bioavailability. The fixation rate of P reached a maximum of 98.5% in SS using 3% Mg (MgCl2) at 900 °C and 97.8% in SS using 5%Ca (CaCl2) at 800 °C. Additionally, the mechanism of P associated with aluminum oxides/hydroxides (Al-P) transferring to that of magnesium oxides/hydroxides (Mg-P) and calcium oxides/hydroxides (Ca-P) was also investigated. The results indicated that Mg3(PO4)2 was formed via the reaction between AlPO4 and MgCl2 during incineration, which increased the P solubility in 2% citric acid. When AlPO4 was incinerated with CaCl2, Ca2PO4Cl which has a higher P-bioavailability than AlPO4 was formed. In addition, the mass fraction and leaching concentration of Cu and Zn in treated SS greatly decreased during SS incineration, while no reduction in Cr. These findings suggest that chlorine-based additives can be used to treat SS at high temperatures to obtain an ideal material for P-fertilizer production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jingyan Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The management of solid waste presents a challenge for developing countries as thegeneration of waste is increasing at a rapid and alarming rate. Much awareness towards thesustainability and technological advances for solid waste management has been implemented toreduce the generation of unnecessary waste. The recycling of this waste is being applied to producevaluable organic matter, which can be used as fertilizers or amendments to improve the soil structure.This review studies the sustainable transformation of various types of biomass waste such as animalmanure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, and food waste, into organic fertilizers and theirimpact on waste minimization and agricultural enhancement. The side effects of these organicfertilizers towards the soil are evaluated as the characteristics of these fertilizers will differ dependingon the types of waste used, in addition to the varying chemical composition of the organic fertilizers.This work will provide an insight to the potential management of biomass waste to be produced intoorganic fertilizer and the advantages of substituting chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer derivedfrom the biomass waste.
Collapse
|
14
|
Afridi MN, Lee WH, Kim JO. Effect of phosphate concentration, anions, heavy metals, and organic matter on phosphate adsorption from wastewater using anodized iron oxide nanoflakes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:428-436. [PMID: 30735950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is a necessary nutrient for the growth and survival of living beings. Nevertheless, an oversupply of phosphorus in wastewater results in eutrophication. Therefore, its removal from wastewater is important. However, coexisting components, such as anions, heavy metals, and organic matter, might inhibit the phosphate-adsorption mechanism by competing for the active surface sites of the adsorbent. In this study, iron oxide nanoflakes (INFs) were fabricated on iron foil via anodization. The rate of phosphate adsorption from wastewater onto INFs in the presence of three different coexisting components-anions, heavy metals, and organic matter-was evaluated. The morphology of the INFs was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The phosphate adsorption equilibrium time using INFs was found to be 1 h. The Elovich model (R2 > 0.99) and the Langmuir model (R2 >0.95) respectively provided the best description of the adsorption kinetics and isotherm, suggesting the chemisorption nature of adsorption. The estimated adsorption capacity of the INFs was 21.5 mg-P g-1. The effect of anions (chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and carbonate) and heavy metals (Cd, As, Cr, and Pb) was studied at three different molar ratios (0.5:1, 1:1, and 1.5:1). The effect of different types of organic matter, such as citric acid, humic acid, and oxalic acid at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L-1, was also examined. In five regeneration cycles, the total amount of phosphate adsorbed and desorbed, and the recovery percentage were 6.51 mg-P g-1, 5.16 mg-P g-1, and 79.24%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed Afridi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hee Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Utilization of Lime Mud Waste from Paper Mills for Efficient Phosphorus Removal. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11061524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we utilized lime mud waste from paper mills to synthesize calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) nanoparticles (NPs) and investigate their application for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution. The NPs, composed of green portlandite with hexagonal shape, were successfully produced using a precipitation method at moderately high temperature. The crystal structure and characterization of the prepared Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The effects of Ca(OH)2 NP dosage and contact time on removal of phosphorus were also investigated. The results show that the green portlandite NPs can effectively remove phosphorus from aqueous solution. The phosphorus removal efficiencies within 10 min are 53%, 72%, 78%, 98%, and 100% with the different mass ratios of Ca(OH)2 NPs/phosphorus (CNPs/P) of 2.2, 3.5, 4.4, 5.3, and 6.2, respectively. Due to the efficient phosphorus removal, the calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (CNPs) could be a potential candidate for this application in domestic or industrial wastewater treatment.
Collapse
|
16
|
Václavková Š, Šyc M, Moško J, Pohořelý M, Svoboda K. Fertilizer and Soil Solubility of Secondary P Sources-The Estimation of Their Applicability to Agricultural Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9810-9817. [PMID: 30078315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The demand for phosphorus (P) sources is increasing with the growing world population, while objections to direct agricultural use of waste P sources, such as sewage sludge, are being raised. Therefore, the need arises to employ safe and efficient secondary P fertilizer sources, originating from P-rich wastes. These recycling sources are commonly tested in accordance with the current fertilizer rules, designed originally for conventional apatite-based P fertilizers. The behavior of sewage sludge ash, an inorganic recycling secondary P source, was investigated under soil-like conditions. Standardized soil P tests, including the soil buffering capacity test and the Olsen, the Mehlich3, and water extraction methods, were employed together with standardized fertilizer P-solubility tests by neutral ammonium citrate and 2% citric acid extraction. In addition, total content and the overall soil mobility of selected metallic elements present in sewage sludge ash were investigated. The suitability of standardized soil tests for the evaluation of recycling P sources was shown. An apparent influence of Ca:Al content ratio on sewage sludge ash behavior under different soil-like conditions shows the inadequacy of the current fertilizer test and the necessity to understand soil-like behavior of secondary P sources, when considering these as possible agricultural P bearers (fertilizers).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Václavková
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , v.v.i., Rozvojova 135 , 165 02 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šyc
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , v.v.i., Rozvojova 135 , 165 02 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Moško
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , v.v.i., Rozvojova 135 , 165 02 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Michael Pohořelý
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , v.v.i., Rozvojova 135 , 165 02 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , v.v.i., Rozvojova 135 , 165 02 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Duboc O, Santner J, Golestani Fard A, Zehetner F, Tacconi J, Wenzel WW. Predicting phosphorus availability from chemically diverse conventional and recycling fertilizers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1160-1170. [PMID: 28511361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizers produced from heterogeneous, phosphorus-rich biowastes are becoming increasingly relevant. Treatment and processing (combustion, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, etc.) increase the diversity of their physico-chemical composition even further. We investigated several approaches to characterize P availability from a set of 13 contrasting fertilizers. We tested them directly using standard fertilizer extractions, as well as a continuous, sink-based P extraction (iron bag) method. We also performed Olsen, CAL and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) tests on fertilized soil. Standard extractions correlated only weakly, whereas the iron bag method correlated highly (0.73<R2<0.85) with plant P uptake. Among the tests conducted on fertilized soils, DGT was equivalent or slightly better than Olsen, showing R2s of about 0.90 for P uptake and plant growth. Our results suggest that the validity of standard P fertilizer tests needs to be reassessed in the context of increasingly diverse recycling fertilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Duboc
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - J Santner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Division of Agronomy, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - A Golestani Fard
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Division of Agronomy, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - F Zehetner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Soil Research, Peter Jordan Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Tacconi
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - W W Wenzel
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| |
Collapse
|