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Wang YQ, Ma WX, Kong LX, Zhang H, Yuan PC, Qu WM, Liu CF, Huang ZL. Ambient chemical and physical approaches for the modulation of sleep and wakefulness. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 79:102015. [PMID: 39447526 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Humans spend a third of their lives asleep. While the sleep-wake behaviors are primarily modulated by homeostasis and circadian rhythm, several ambient chemical and physical factors, including light, sound, odor, vibration, temperature, electromagnetic radiation, and ultrasound, also affect sleep and wakefulness. Light at different wavelengths has different effects on sleep and wakefulness. Sound not only promotes but also suppresses sleep; this effect is mediated by certain nuclei, including the pedunculopontine nucleus and inferior colliculus. Certain sleep-promoting odorants regulate sleep through the involvement of the olfactory bulb and olfactory tubercle. In addition, vibrations may induce sleep through the vestibular system. A modest increase in ambient temperature leads to an increase in sleep duration through the involvement of the preoptic area. Electromagnetic radiation has a dual effect on sleep-wake behaviors. The stimulation produced by the ambient chemical and physical factors activates the peripheral sensory system, which converts the chemical and physical stimuli into nerve impulses. This signal is then transmitted to the central nervous system, including several nuclei associated with the modulation of sleep-wake behaviors. This review summarizes the effects of ambient chemical and physical factors on the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, as well as the underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wei-Xiang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling-Xi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Ping-Chuan Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Jamal L, Yahia-Cherif L, Hugueville L, Mazet P, Lévêque P, Selmaoui B. Assessment of Electrical Brain Activity of Healthy Volunteers Exposed to 3.5 GHz of 5G Signals within Environmental Levels: A Controlled-Randomised Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6793. [PMID: 37754652 PMCID: PMC10530694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Following the recent deployment of fifth-generation (5G) radio frequencies, several questions about their health impacts have been raised. Due to the lack of experimental research on this subject, the current study aimed to investigate the bio-physiological effects of a generated 3.5 GHz frequency. For this purpose, the wake electroencephalograms (EEG) of 34 healthy volunteers were explored during two "real" and "sham" exposure sessions. The electromagnetic fields were antenna-emitted in an electrically shielded room and had an electrical field root-mean-square intensity of 2 V/m, corresponding to the current outdoor exposure levels. The sessions were a maximum of one week apart, and both contained an exposure period of approximately 26 min and were followed by a post-exposure period of 17 min. The power spectral densities (PSDs) of the beta, alpha, theta, and delta bands were then computed and corrected based on an EEG baseline period. This was acquired for 17 min before the subsequent phases were recorded under two separate conditions: eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). A statistical analysis showed an overall non-significant change in the studied brain waves, except for a few electrodes in the alpha, theta, and delta spectra. This change was translated into an increase or decrease in the PSDs, in response to the EO and EC conditions. In conclusion, this studhy showed that 3.5 GHz exposure, within the regulatory levels and exposure parameters used in this protocol, did not affect brain activity in healthy young adults. Moreover, to our knowledge, this was the first laboratory-controlled human EEG study on 5G effects. It attempted to address society's current concern about the impact of 5G exposure on human health at environmental levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Jamal
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France;
- PériTox Laboratory (UMR_I 01), INERIS/UPJV, INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Lydia Yahia-Cherif
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Center for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Sorbonne University, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (L.Y.-C.); (L.H.)
| | - Laurent Hugueville
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Center for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Sorbonne University, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (L.Y.-C.); (L.H.)
| | - Paul Mazet
- Technical Centre for Mechanical Industries (CETIM), 52 Avenue Félix Louat, 60300 Senlis, France;
| | - Philippe Lévêque
- XLIM Research Institute, University of Limoges, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87000 Limoges, France;
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France;
- PériTox Laboratory (UMR_I 01), INERIS/UPJV, INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
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Chardon K, Delanaud S, Tourneux P, Stephan Blanchard E. How to Control Exposure to Fifth-Generation Radiofrequencies in Preterm Newborns in Incubator. Neonatology 2023; 120:666-669. [PMID: 37343536 DOI: 10.1159/000530658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Infant and family centered development care reduces infant distress and supports the parent and infant's individual abilities. However, a new environmental factor is daily encountered: the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMFs) with the most recent fifth-generation (5G) technology. Currently, the effects of RF EMF during development are discussed in animal models. The neonatal intensive care units are not spared from this stressor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel, electromagnetically insulating incubator cover to prevent the preterm infant from RF EMF exposure. A personal dosimeter was placed on the mattress of a closed incubator. Periods of exposure to low, medium, and high levels of 5G RF were delivered in the presence or absence of the incubator cover. The use of a silver-copper cover reduced the intensity of 5G radiofrequency levels from 52% to 57% (p < 0.0001), allowing to easily apply the precautionary principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Chardon
- PeriTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, Amiens, France
| | - Stéphane Delanaud
- PeriTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, Amiens, France
| | - Pierre Tourneux
- PeriTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, Amiens, France
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
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Eeftens M, Pujol S, Klaiber A, Chopard G, Riss A, Smayra F, Flückiger B, Gehin T, Diallo K, Wiart J, Mazloum T, Mauny F, Röösli M. The association between real-life markers of phone use and cognitive performance, health-related quality of life and sleep. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116011. [PMID: 37127107 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The real-life short-term implications of electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on cognitive performance and health-related quality of life have not been well studied. The SPUTNIC study (Study Panel on Upcoming Technologies to study Non-Ionizing radiation and Cognition) aimed to investigate possible correlations between mobile phone radiation and human health, including cognition, health-related quality of life and sleep. METHODS Adult participants tracked various daily markers of RF-EMF exposures (cordless calls, mobile calls, and mobile screen time 4 h prior to each assessment) as well as three health outcomes over ten study days: 1) cognitive performance, 2) health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and 3) sleep duration and quality. Cognitive performance was measured through six "game-like" tests, assessing verbal and visuo-spatial performance repeatedly. HRQoL was assessed as fatigue, mood and stress on a Likert-scale (1-10). Sleep duration and efficiency was measured using activity trackers. We fitted mixed models with random intercepts per participant on cognitive, HRQoL and sleep scores. Possible time-varying confounders were assessed at daily intervals by questionnaire and used for model adjustment. RESULTS A total of 121 participants ultimately took part in the SPUTNIC study, including 63 from Besancon and 58 from Basel. Self-reported wireless phone use and screen time were sporadically associated with visuo-spatial and verbal cognitive performance, compatible with chance findings. We found a small but robust significant increase in stress 0.03 (0.00-0.06; on a 1-10 Likert-scale) in relation to a 10-min increase in mobile phone screen time. Sleep duration and quality were not associated with either cordless or mobile phone calls, or with screen time. DISCUSSION The study did not find associations between short-term RF-EMF markers and cognitive performance, HRQoL, or sleep duration and quality. The most consistent finding was increased stress in relation to more screen time, but no association with cordless or mobile phone call time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Eeftens
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sophie Pujol
- CHU de Besançon, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Épidémiologie et Santé Publique, INSERM CIC, 1431, Besançon, France; Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 CNRS / Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Aaron Klaiber
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Chopard
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Service de Neurologie, CHU de Besançon, France
| | - Andrin Riss
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Smayra
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Flückiger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gehin
- CHU de Besançon, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Épidémiologie et Santé Publique, INSERM CIC, 1431, Besançon, France; Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 CNRS / Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Kadiatou Diallo
- CHU de Besançon, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Épidémiologie et Santé Publique, INSERM CIC, 1431, Besançon, France; Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 CNRS / Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Joe Wiart
- Chair C2M, LTCI Télecom ParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 46 Rue Barrault, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Taghrid Mazloum
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Service de Neurologie, CHU de Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Mauny
- CHU de Besançon, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Épidémiologie et Santé Publique, INSERM CIC, 1431, Besançon, France; Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 CNRS / Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Hao Y, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu Z, Ye Y, Zhou H, Deng H, Zuo H, Yang H, Li Y. Effects of Nonthermal Radiofrequency Stimulation on Neuronal Activity and Neural Circuit in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205988. [PMID: 36755196 PMCID: PMC10104648 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Whether the nonthermal effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exist and how nonthermal RFR acts on the nervous system are unknown. An animal model of spatial memory impairment is established by exposing mice to 2856-MHz RFR in the range of thermal noise (≤1 °C). Glutamate release in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) CA1 region is not significantly changed after radiofrequency exposure, whereas dopamine release is reduced. Importantly, RFR enhances glutamatergic CA1 pyramidal neuron calcium activity by nonthermal mechanisms, which recover to the basal level with RFR termination. Furthermore, suppressed dHPC dopamine release induced by radiofrequency exposure is due to decreased density of dopaminergic projections from the locus coeruleus to dHPC, and artificial activation of dopamine axon terminals or D1 receptors in dHPC CA1 improve memory damage in mice exposed to RFR. These findings indicate that nonthermal radiofrequency stimulation modulates ongoing neuronal activity and affects nervous system function at the neural circuit level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Hao
- Department of Experimental PathologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Weiqi Liu
- Department of Experimental PathologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
- Life Science DepartmentFoshan UniversityFoshan528231China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Experimental PathologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
- Life Science DepartmentFoshan UniversityFoshan528231China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Experimental PathologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Zhengtao Xu
- Department of Experimental PathologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
- Life Science DepartmentFoshan UniversityFoshan528231China
| | - Yumeng Ye
- Department of Experimental PathologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Experimental PathologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Hua Deng
- Life Science DepartmentFoshan UniversityFoshan528231China
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Department of Experimental PathologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Hong Yang
- Life Science DepartmentFoshan UniversityFoshan528231China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Experimental PathologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
- Academy of Life ScienceAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Department of PathologyChengde Medical CollegeChengde067000China
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Wallace J, Shang W, Gitton C, Hugueville L, Yahia-Cherif L, Selmaoui B. Theta band brainwaves in human resting EEG modulated by mobile phone radiofrequency. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1639-1647. [PMID: 36867417 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wireless communication has become an integral part of our lives. The growing number of antennas in our environment and the expanding use of mobile phones (MPs) are increasing the population's exposure to electromagnetic fields. The present study aimed to examine the potential impact of MPs radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure on the brainwaves of the resting electroencephalogram (EEG) in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one healthy volunteers were exposed to Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) signal at 900 MHz MP RF-EMF. The maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) of the MP averaged on 10 g tissue and 1 g tissue were measured at 0.49 W/kg, 0.70 W/kg, respectively. RESULTS Results showed that while delta and beta rhythms of resting EEG were not affected, theta brainwaves were significantly modulated during exposure to RF-EMF related to MPs. For the first time, it was shown that this modulation is dependent on the eye condition, i.e. closed or open. CONCLUSIONS This study strongly suggests that acute exposure to RF-EMF alters the EEG theta rhythm at rest. Long-term exposure studies are required to explore the effect of this disruption in high-risk or sensitive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Wallace
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Research Center of Sainte, Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Wendi Shang
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Christophe Gitton
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Brain Institute (ICM), Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Brain Institute (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Laurent Hugueville
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Brain Institute (ICM), Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Brain Institute (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Lydia Yahia-Cherif
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Brain Institute (ICM), Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Brain Institute (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Assessment of Inflammation in 3D Reconstructed Human Skin Exposed to Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Wi-Fi Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032853. [PMID: 36769173 PMCID: PMC9917807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the human environment, the increasing exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation, especially that emitted by wireless devices, could be absorbed in the body. Recently, mobile and emerging wireless technologies (UMTS, DECT, LTE, and Wi-Fi) have been using higher frequencies than 2G GSM systems (900/1800 MHz), which means that most of the circulating RF currents are absorbed into the skin and the superficial soft tissue. The harmful genotoxic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin are well-known. This study aimed at investigating whether 2422 MHz (Wi-Fi) RF exposure combined with UV radiation in different sequences has any effect on the inflammation process in the skin. In vitro experiments examined the inflammation process by cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8) and MMP-1 enzyme secretion in a 3D full-thickness human skin model. In the first study, UV exposure was immediately followed by RF exposure to measure the potential additive effects, while in the second study, the possible protective phenomenon (i.e., adaptive response) was investigated when adaptive RF exposure was challenged by UV radiation. Our results suggest that 2422 MHz Wi-Fi exposure slightly, not significantly increased cytokine concentrations of the prior UV exposure. We could not detect the adaptive response phenomenon.
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Liang P, Li Z, Li J, Wei J, Li J, Zhang S, Xu S, Liu Z, Wang J. Impacts of complex electromagnetic radiation and low-frequency noise exposure conditions on the cognitive function of operators. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1138118. [PMID: 37033075 PMCID: PMC10076881 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1138118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and low-frequency noise (LFN) are widespread and influential environmental factors, and operators are inevitably exposed to both EMR and LFN within a complex exposure environment. The potential adverse effects of such exposure on human health must be considered seriously. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EMR and LFN on cognitive function as well as their interaction effect, which remain unclear. Methods Sixty young male college students were randomly grouped and experiments were conducted with a 2 × 2 factorial design in a shielded chamber. Mental workload (MWL) levels of the study subjects were measured and assessed using the NASA-task load index (TLX) subjective scale, an n-back task paradigm, and the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging technique. Results For the 3-back task, the NASA-TLX subjective scale revealed a statistically significant main effect of LFN intensity, which enhanced the subjects' MWL level (F = 8.716, p < 0.01). Behavioral performance revealed that EMR intensity (430.1357 MHz, 10.75 W/m2) and LFN intensity (0-200 Hz, 72.9 dB) had a synergistic interaction effect, and the correct response time was statistically significantly prolonged by the combined exposure (F = 4.343, p < 0.05). The fNIRS imaging technique revealed a synergistic interaction effect between operational EMR intensity and operational LFN intensity, with statistically significant effects on the activation levels in the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The mean β values of DLPFC were significantly increased (L-DLPFC F = 5.391, p < 0.05, R-DLPFC F = 4.222, p < 0.05), and the relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin in the DLPFC were also significantly increased (L-DLPFC F = 4.925, p < 0.05, R-DLPFC F = 9.715, p < 0.01). Conclusion We found a statistically significant interaction effect between EMR (430.1357 MHz, 10.75 W/m2) and LFN (0-200 Hz, 72.9 dB) when simultaneously exposing subjects to both for 30 min. We conclude that exposure to this complex environment can cause a statistically significant increase in the MWL level of operators, and even alterations in their cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liang
- Department of Rehabilitative Physioltherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Hospital of No. 95007 Unit of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zenglei Li
- Department of Rehabilitative Physioltherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiangjing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shenghao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Liu,
| | - Jin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Jin Wang,
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Tuszynski JA, Costa F. Low-energy amplitude-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as a systemic treatment for cancer: Review and proposed mechanisms of action. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:869155. [PMID: 36157082 PMCID: PMC9498185 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.869155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to Low-Energy Amplitude-Modulated Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (LEAMRFEMF) represents a new treatment option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (AHCC). We focus on two medical devices that modulate the amplitude of a 27.12 MHz carrier wave to generate envelope waves in the low Hz to kHz range. Each provides systemic exposure to LEAMRFEMF via an intrabuccal antenna. This technology differs from so-called Tumour Treating Fields because it uses different frequency ranges, uses electromagnetic rather than electric fields, and delivers energy systemically rather than locally. The AutemDev also deploys patient-specific frequencies. LEAMRFEMF devices use 100-fold less power than mobile phones and have no thermal effects on tissue. Tumour type-specific or patient-specific treatment frequencies can be derived by measuring haemodynamic changes induced by exposure to LEAMRFEMF. These specific frequencies inhibited growth of human cancer cell lines in vitro and in mouse xenograft models. In uncontrolled prospective clinical trials in patients with AHCC, minorities of patients experienced complete or partial tumour responses. Pooled comparisons showed enhanced overall survival in treated patients compared to historical controls. Mild transient somnolence was the only notable treatment-related adverse event. We hypothesize that intracellular oscillations of charged macromolecules and ion flows couple resonantly with LEAMRFEMF. This resonant coupling appears to disrupt cell division and subcellular trafficking of mitochondria. We provide an estimate of the contribution of the electromagnetic effects to the overall energy balance of an exposed cell by calculating the power delivered to the cell, and the energy dissipated through the cell due to EMF induction of ionic flows along microtubules. We then compare this with total cellular metabolic energy production and conclude that energy delivered by LEAMRFEMF may provide a beneficial shift in cancer cell metabolism away from aberrant glycolysis. Further clinical research may confirm that LEAMRFEMF has therapeutic value in AHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Tuszynski
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Autem Therapeutics, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Frederico Costa
- Autem Therapeutics, Hanover, NH, United States
- Oncology Department, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Lemercier CE, Garenne A, Poulletier de Gannes F, El Khoueiry C, Arnaud-Cormos D, Levêque P, Lagroye I, Percherancier Y, Lewis N. Comparative study between radiofrequency-induced and muscimol-induced inhibition of cultured networks of cortical neuron. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268605. [PMID: 36044461 PMCID: PMC9432733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that spontaneously active cultured networks of cortical neuron grown planar microelectrode arrays are sensitive to radiofrequency (RF) fields and exhibit an inhibitory response more pronounced as the exposure time and power increase. To better understand the mechanism behind the observed effects, we aimed at identifying similarities and differences between the inhibitory effect of RF fields (continuous wave, 1800 MHz) to the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor agonist muscimol (MU). Inhibition of the network bursting activity in response to RF exposure became apparent at an SAR level of 28.6 W/kg and co-occurred with an elevation of the culture medium temperature of ~1°C. Exposure to RF fields preferentially inhibits bursting over spiking activity and exerts fewer constraints on neural network bursting synchrony, differentiating it from a pharmacological inhibition with MU. Network rebound excitation, a phenomenon relying on the intrinsic properties of cortical neurons, was observed following the removal of tonic hyperpolarization after washout of MU but not in response to cessation of RF exposure. This implies that hyperpolarization is not the main driving force mediating the inhibitory effects of RF fields. At the level of single neurons, network inhibition induced by MU and RF fields occurred with reduced action potential (AP) half-width. As changes in AP waveform strongly influence efficacy of synaptic transmission, the narrowing effect on AP seen under RF exposure might contribute to reducing network bursting activity. By pointing only to a partial overlap between the inhibitory hallmarks of these two forms of inhibition, our data suggest that the inhibitory mechanisms of the action of RF fields differ from the ones mediated by the activation of GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément E. Lemercier
- Laboratoire de l’Intégration du Matériau au Système, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Department of Systems Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail: (CEL); (NL)
| | - André Garenne
- Laboratoire de l’Intégration du Matériau au Système, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | | | - Corinne El Khoueiry
- Laboratoire de l’Intégration du Matériau au Système, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Delia Arnaud-Cormos
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, Limoges, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Lagroye
- Laboratoire de l’Intégration du Matériau au Système, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
- Paris “Sciences et Lettres” Research University, Paris, France
| | - Yann Percherancier
- Laboratoire de l’Intégration du Matériau au Système, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Noëlle Lewis
- Laboratoire de l’Intégration du Matériau au Système, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
- * E-mail: (CEL); (NL)
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11
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Bodewein L, Dechent D, Graefrath D, Kraus T, Krause T, Driessen S. Systematic review of the physiological and health-related effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure from wireless communication devices on children and adolescents in experimental and epidemiological human studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268641. [PMID: 35648738 PMCID: PMC9159629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For more than 20 years, the potential health risks of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) exposure from mobile communication devices on children and adolescents have been examined because they are considered sensitive population groups; however, it remains unclear whether such exposure poses any particular risk to them. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to systematically analyze and evaluate the physiological and health-related effects of RF EMF exposures from wireless communication devices (mobile phones, cordless phones, Bluetooth, etc.) on children and adolescents. METHODS This review was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Methodological limitations in individual studies were assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk-of-Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies. RESULTS A total of 42 epidemiological and 11 experimental studies were eligible for this review. Most of the studies displayed several methodological weaknesses that limited the internal validity of the results. Due to a lack of consistency regarding the outcomes as well as the lack of scientific rigor in most reviewed studies, the body of evidence for the effects of RF EMF of mobile communication devices on subjective symptoms, cognition, and behavior in children and adolescents was low to inadequate. Evidence from the studies investigating early childhood development, brain activity, cancer, and physiological parameters was considered inadequate for drawing conclusions about possible effects. DISCUSSION Overall, the body of evidence allows no final conclusion on the question whether exposure to RF EMF from mobile communication devices poses a particular risk to children and adolescents. There has been rapid development in technologies generating RF EMF, which are extensively used by children and adolescents. Therefore, we strongly recommend high-quality systematic research on children and adolescents, since they are generally considered as sensitive age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Bodewein
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu)–Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Dechent
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu)–Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Graefrath
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu)–Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu)–Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Krause
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu)–Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Driessen
- Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu)–Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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12
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Orlacchio R, Percherancier Y, Poulletier De Gannes F, Hurtier A, Lagroye I, Leveque P, Arnaud-Cormos D. In Vivo Functional Ultrasound (fUS) Real-Time Imaging and Dosimetry of Mice Brain Under Radiofrequency Exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:257-267. [PMID: 35485721 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze in real-time the potential modifications induced by low-level continuous-wave and Global System for Mobile Communications radiofrequency (RF) exposure at 1.8 GHz on brain activation in anesthetized mice. A specific in vivo experimental setup consisting of a dipole antenna for the local exposure of the brain was fully characterized. A unique neuroimaging technique based on a functional ultrasound (fUS) probe was used to observe the areas of mice brain activation simultaneously to the RF exposure with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution (~100 μm, 1 ms) following manual whisker stimulation using a brush. Numerical and experimental dosimetry was carried out to characterize the exposure and to guarantee the validity of the biological results. Our results show that the fUS probe can be efficiently used during in vivo exposure without interference with the dipole. In addition, we conclude that exposure to brain-averaged specific absorption rate levels of 2 and 6 W/kg does not introduce significant changes in the time course of the evoked fUS response in the left barrel field cortex. The proposed technique represents a valuable instrument for providing new insights into the possible effects induced on brain activation under RF exposure. For the first time, brain activity under mobile phone exposure was evaluated in vivo with fUS imaging, paving the way for more realistic exposure configurations, i.e. awake mice and new signals such as the 5 G networks. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Orlacchio
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Delia Arnaud-Cormos
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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13
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Exposure to 1800 MHz LTE electromagnetic fields under proinflammatory conditions decreases the response strength and increases the acoustic threshold of auditory cortical neurons. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4063. [PMID: 35260711 PMCID: PMC8902282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased needs for mobile phone communications have raised successive generations (G) of wireless technologies, which could differentially affect biological systems. To test this, we exposed rats to single head-only exposure of a 4G long-term evolution (LTE)-1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) for 2 h. We then assessed the impact on microglial space coverage and electrophysiological neuronal activity in the primary auditory cortex (ACx), under acute neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. The mean specific absorption rate in the ACx was 0.5 W/kg. Multiunit recording revealed that LTE-EMF triggered reduction in the response strength to pure tones and to natural vocalizations, together with an increase in acoustic threshold in the low and medium frequencies. Iba1 immunohistochemistry showed no change in the area covered by microglia cell bodies and processes. In healthy rats, the same LTE-exposure induced no change in response strength and acoustic threshold. Our data indicate that acute neuroinflammation sensitizes neuronal responses to LTE-EMF, which leads to an altered processing of acoustic stimuli in the ACx.
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14
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Cabré-Riera A, van Wel L, Liorni I, Koopman-Verhoeff ME, Imaz L, Ibarluzea J, Huss A, Wiart J, Vermeulen R, Joseph W, Capstick M, Vrijheid M, Cardis E, Röösli M, Eeftens M, Thielens A, Tiemeier H, Guxens M. Estimated all-day and evening whole-brain radiofrequency electromagnetic fields doses, and sleep in preadolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112291. [PMID: 34757029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of estimated all-day and evening whole-brain radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) doses with sleep disturbances and objective sleep measures in preadolescents. METHODS We included preadolescents aged 9-12 years from two population-based birth cohorts, the Dutch Generation R Study (n = 974) and the Spanish INfancia y Medio Ambiente Project (n = 868). All-day and evening overall whole-brain RF-EMF doses (mJ/kg/day) were estimated for several RF-EMF sources including mobile and Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) phone calls (named phone calls), other mobile phone uses, tablet use, laptop use (named screen activities), and far-field sources. We also estimated all-day and evening whole-brain RF-EMF doses in these three groups separately (i.e. phone calls, screen activities, and far-field). The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children was completed by mothers to assess sleep disturbances. Wrist accelerometers together with sleep diaries were used to measure sleep characteristics objectively for 7 consecutive days. RESULTS All-day whole-brain RF-EMF doses were not associated with self-reported sleep disturbances and objective sleep measures. Regarding evening doses, preadolescents with high evening whole-brain RF-EMF dose from phone calls had a shorter total sleep time compared to preadolescents with zero evening whole-brain RF-EMF dose from phone calls [-11.9 min (95%CI -21.2; -2.5)]. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the evening as a potentially relevant window of RF-EMF exposure for sleep. However, we cannot exclude that observed associations are due to the activities or reasons motivating the phone calls rather than the RF-EMF exposure itself or due to chance finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cabré-Riera
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luuk van Wel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - M Elisabeth Koopman-Verhoeff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liher Imaz
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joe Wiart
- LTCI, Telecom Paris, Chaire C2M, France
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wout Joseph
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marloes Eeftens
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Thielens
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Wallace J, Yahia-Cherif L, Gitton C, Hugueville L, Lemaréchal JD, Selmaoui B. Human resting-state EEG and radiofrequency GSM mobile phone exposure: the impact of the individual alpha frequency. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:986-995. [PMID: 34797205 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.2009146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the extensive use of mobile phone (MP), several studies have been realized to investigate the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure on brain activity at rest via electroencephalography (EEG), and the most consistent effect has been seen on the alpha band power spectral density (PSD). However, some studies reported an increase or a decrease of the PSD, while others showed no effect. It has been suggested that these differences might partly be due to a variability of the physiological state of the brain between subjects. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the alpha band modulation, exploring the impact of the alpha band frequency ranges applied in the PSD analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one healthy volunteers took part to the study with a double-blind, randomized and counterbalanced crossover design, during which eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) resting-state EEG was recorded. The exposure system was a sham or a real GSM (global system for mobile) 900 MHz MP (pulse modulated at 217 Hz, mean power of 250 mW and 2 W peak, with a maximum specific absorption rate of 0.70 W/kg on 1 g tissue). The experimental protocol presented a baseline recording phase without MP exposure, an exposure phase during which the exposure system was placed against the left ear, and the post-exposure phase without MP. EEG data from baseline and exposure phases were analyzed and PSD was computed for the alpha band in the fixed range of 8-12 Hz and for the individual alpha band frequency range (IAF). RESULTS Results showed a trend in decrease or increase of EEG power of both alpha oscillations during exposure in relation to EC and EO recording conditions, respectively, but not reaching statistical significance. Findings did not provide evidence for a different sensitivity to RF-EMF MP related to individual variability in the frequency of the alpha band. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results did not show alpha band activity modulation during resting-state under RF-EMF. It might be argued the need of a delay after the exposure in order to appreciate an EEG spectral power modulation related to RF-EMF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Wallace
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.,PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Biological Radiation Effect, Emergent Risk Technologies Unit, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Lydia Yahia-Cherif
- Centre De NeuroImagerie De Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Christophe Gitton
- Centre De NeuroImagerie De Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Laurent Hugueville
- Centre De NeuroImagerie De Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Didier Lemaréchal
- Centre De NeuroImagerie De Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.,PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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16
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Wallace J, Yahia-Cherif L, Gitton C, Hugueville L, Lemaréchal JD, Selmaoui B. Modulation of magnetoencephalography alpha band activity by radiofrequency electromagnetic field depicted in sensor and source space. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23403. [PMID: 34862418 PMCID: PMC8642443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported changes in spontaneous electroencephalogram alpha band activity related to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, but findings showed both an increase and a decrease of its spectral power or no effect. Here, we studied the alpha band modulation after 900 MHz mobile phone radiofrequency exposure and localized cortical regions involved in these changes, via a magnetoencephalography (MEG) protocol with healthy volunteers in a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced crossover design. MEG was recorded during eyes open and eyes closed resting-state before and after radiofrequency exposure. Potential confounding factors, known to affect alpha band activity, were assessed as control parameters to limit bias. Entire alpha band, lower and upper alpha sub-bands MEG power spectral densities were estimated in sensor and source space. Biochemistry assays for salivary biomarkers of stress (cortisol, chromogranin-A, alpha amylase), heart rate variability analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography for salivary caffeine concentration were realized. Results in sensor and source space showed a significant modulation of MEG alpha band activity after the radiofrequency exposure, with different involved cortical regions in relation to the eyes condition, probably because of different attention level with open or closed eyes. None of the control parameters reported a statistically significant difference between experimental sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Wallace
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Lydia Yahia-Cherif
- Centre De NeuroImagerie De Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Gitton
- Centre De NeuroImagerie De Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Hugueville
- Centre De NeuroImagerie De Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Didier Lemaréchal
- Centre De NeuroImagerie De Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
- PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France.
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17
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Röösli M, Dongus S, Jalilian H, Feychting M, Eyers J, Esu E, Oringanje CM, Meremikwu M, Bosch-Capblanch X. The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure on tinnitus, migraine and non-specific symptoms in the general and working population: A protocol for a systematic review on human observational studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106852. [PMID: 34500362 PMCID: PMC8484767 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Applications emitting radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF; 100 kHz to 300 GHz) are widely used for communication (e.g. mobile phones), in medicine (diathermy) and in industry (RF heaters). Concern has been raised that RF-EMF exposure affects health related quality of life, because a part of the population reports to experience a variety of symptoms related to low exposure levels below regulatory limits. OBJECTIVES To systematically review the effects of longer-term or repeated local and whole human body RF-EMF exposure on the occurrence of symptoms evaluating migraine, tinnitus, headaches, sleep disturbances and composite symptom scores as primary outcomes. METHODS We will follow the WHO handbook for guideline development. For the development of the systematic review protocol we considered handbook for conducting systematic reviews for health effects evaluations from the National Toxicology Program-Office of Health Assessment and Translation (NTP-OHAT) and COSTER (Recommendations for the conduct of systematic reviews in toxicology and environmental health research). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Peer-reviewed epidemiological studies in the general population or workers aiming to investigate the association between local or whole-body RF-EMF exposure for at least one week and symptoms are eligible for inclusion. Only cohort, case-control and panel studies will be included. INFORMATION SOURCES We will search the scientific literature databases Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos and Embase, using a predefined search strategy. This search will be supplemented by a search in the EMF-Portal and checks of reference lists of relevant papers and reviews. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHOD Data from included papers will be extracted according to predefined forms. Findings will be summarized in tables, graphical displays and in a narrative synthesis of the available evidence, complemented with meta-analyses. We will separately review effects of local, far field and occupational exposure. RISK OF BIAS The internal validity of included studies will be assessed using the NTP-OHAT Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies, elaborated to observational RF-EMF studies. EVIDENCE APPRAISAL To rate certainty of the evidence, we will use the OHAT GRADE-based approach for epidemiological studies. FRAMEWORK AND FUNDING This protocol concerns one of the ten different systematic reviews considered in a larger systematic review of the World Health Organization to assess potential health effects of exposure to RF-EMF in the general and working population. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021239432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Dongus
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Hamed Jalilian
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | - Maria Feychting
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - John Eyers
- International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, 3ie, c/o LIDC, 20 Bloomsbury Square, London WC1A 2NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Ekpereonne Esu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | - Chioma Moses Oringanje
- Department of Biology, College of Art & Sciences, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Martin Meremikwu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | - Xavier Bosch-Capblanch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
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18
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Liu L, Deng H, Tang X, Lu Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Zhao Y, Huang B, Shi Y. Specific electromagnetic radiation in the wireless signal range increases wakefulness in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2105838118. [PMID: 34330835 PMCID: PMC8346830 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105838118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in the environment has increased sharply in recent decades. The effect of environmental EMR on living organisms remains poorly characterized. Here, we report the impact of wireless-range EMR on the sleep architecture of mouse. Prolonged exposure to 2.4-GHz EMR modulated by 100-Hz square pulses at a nonthermal output level results in markedly increased time of wakefulness in mice. These mice display corresponding decreased time of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM). In contrast, prolonged exposure to unmodulated 2.4-GHz EMR at the same time-averaged output level has little impact on mouse sleep. These observations identify alteration of sleep architecture in mice as a specific physiological response to prolonged wireless-range EMR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hu Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Xiaping Tang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yingxian Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiayao Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanyu Zhao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yigong Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Uche UI, Naidenko OV. Development of health-based exposure limits for radiofrequency radiation from wireless devices using a benchmark dose approach. Environ Health 2021; 20:84. [PMID: 34273995 PMCID: PMC8286570 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies and research on laboratory animals link radiofrequency radiation (RFR) with impacts on the heart, brain, and other organs. Data from the large-scale animal studies conducted by the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the Ramazzini Institute support the need for updated health-based guidelines for general population RFR exposure. OBJECTIVES The development of RFR exposure limits expressed in whole-body Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), a metric of RFR energy absorbed by biological tissues. METHODS Using frequentist and Bayesian averaging modeling of non-neoplastic lesion incidence data from the NTP study, we calculated the benchmark doses (BMD) that elicited a 10% response above background (BMD10) and the lower confidence limits on the BMD at 10% extra risk (BMDL10). Incidence data for individual neoplasms and combined tumor incidence were modeled for 5% and 10% response above background. RESULTS Cardiomyopathy and increased risk of neoplasms in male rats were the most sensitive health outcomes following RFR exposures at 900 MHz frequency with Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) modulations. BMDL10 for all sites cardiomyopathy in male rats following 19 weeks of exposure, calculated with Bayesian model averaging, corresponded to 0.27-0.42 W/kg whole-body SAR for CDMA and 0.20-0.29 W/kg for GSM modulation. BMDL10 for right ventricle cardiomyopathy in female rats following 2 years of exposure corresponded to 2.7-5.16 W/kg whole-body SAR for CDMA and 1.91-2.18 W/kg for GSM modulation. For multi-site tumor modeling using the multistage cancer model with a 5% extra risk, BMDL5 in male rats corresponded to 0.31 W/kg for CDMA and 0.21 W/kg for GSM modulation. CONCLUSION BMDL10 range of 0.2-0.4 W/kg for all sites cardiomyopathy in male rats was selected as a point of departure. Applying two ten-fold safety factors for interspecies and intraspecies variability, we derived a whole-body SAR limit of 2 to 4 mW/kg, an exposure level that is 20-40-fold lower than the legally permissible level of 0.08 W/kg for whole-body SAR under the current U.S. regulations. Use of an additional ten-fold children's health safety factor points to a whole-body SAR limit of 0.2-0.4 mW/kg for young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uloma Igara Uche
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I Street NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC, 20005, USA.
| | - Olga V Naidenko
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I Street NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC, 20005, USA
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