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Giri P, Lim S, Khobragade TP, Pagar AD, Patil MD, Sarak S, Jeon H, Joo S, Goh Y, Jung S, Jang YJ, Choi SB, Kim YC, Kang TJ, Heo YS, Yun H. Biocatalysis enables the scalable conversion of biobased furans into various furfurylamines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6371. [PMID: 39075048 PMCID: PMC11286754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Biobased furans have emerged as chemical building blocks for the development of materials because of their diverse scaffolds and as they can be directly prepared from sugars. However, selective, efficient, and cost-effective scalable conversion of biobased furans remains elusive. Here, we report a robust transaminase (TA) from Shimia marina (SMTA) that enables the scalable amination of biobased furanaldehydes with high activity and broad substrate specificity. Crystallographic and mutagenesis analyses provide mechanistic insights and a structural basis for understanding SMTA, which enables a higher substrate conversion. The enzymatic cascade process established in this study allows one-pot synthesis of 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan (BAMF) and 5-(aminomethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The biosynthesis of various furfurylamines, including a one-pot cascade reaction for BAMF generation using whole cells, demonstrates their practical application in the pharmaceutical and polymer industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Giri
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonga Lim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Taresh P Khobragade
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Amol D Pagar
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh D Patil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sharad Sarak
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Jeon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Joo
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwan Goh
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Beom Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Chan Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Jin Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Wu ZC, Li WW, Zong MH, Li N. One-pot Twostep Chemobiocatalytic Synthesis of a Furan Amino Acid from 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400269. [PMID: 38329391 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Recently, catalytic valorization of biomass-derived furans has received growing interest. 5-Aminomethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (AMFC), a furan amino acid, holds great promise in the aeras of polymer and pharmaceutical, but its synthesis remains limited. In this work, we report a chemobiocatalytic route toward AMFC by combining laccase-TEMPO system and recombinant Escherichia coli (named E. coli_TAF) harboring ω-transaminase (TA), L-alanine dehydrogenase (L-AlaDH) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH), starting from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In the cascade, HMF is oxidized into 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFCA) by laccase-TEMPO system, and then the resulting intermediate is converted into AMFC by E. coli_TAF via transamination with cheap ammonium formate instead of costly organic amine donors, theoretically generating H2O and CO2 as by-products. The tandem process was run in a one-pot twostep manner, affording AMFC with approximately 81 % yield, together with 10 % 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) as by-product. In addition, the scale-up production of AMFC was demonstrated, with 0.41 g/L h productivity and 8.6 g/L titer. This work may pave the way for green manufacturing of the furan-containing amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Cheng Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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3
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Feng X, Hong S, Zhao H, Vuong TV, Master ER. Biocatalytic cascade to polysaccharide amination. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:34. [PMID: 38409122 PMCID: PMC10898118 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitin, the main form of aminated polysaccharide in nature, is a biocompatible, polycationic, and antimicrobial biopolymer used extensively in industrial processes. Despite the abundance of chitin, applications thereof are hampered by difficulties in feedstock harvesting and limited structural versatility. To address these problems, we proposed a two-step cascade employing carbohydrate oxidoreductases and amine transaminases for plant polysaccharide aminations via one-pot reactions. Using a galactose oxidase from Fusarium graminearum for oxidation, this study compared the performance of CvATA (from Chromobacterium violaceum) and SpATA (from Silicibacter pomeroyi) on a range of oxidized carbohydrates with various structures and sizes. Using a rational enzyme engineering approach, four point mutations were introduced on the SpATA surface, and their effects on enzyme activity were evaluated. RESULTS Herein, a quantitative colorimetric assay was developed to enable simple and accurate time-course measurement of the yield of transamination reactions. With higher operational stability, SpATA produced higher product yields in 36 h reactions despite its lower initial activity. Successful amination of oxidized galactomannan by SpATA was confirmed using a deuterium labeling method; higher aminated carbohydrate yields achieved with SpATA compared to CvATA were verified using HPLC and XPS. By balancing the oxidase and transaminase loadings, improved operating conditions were identified where the side product formation was largely suppressed without negatively impacting the product yield. SpATA mutants with multiple alanine substitutions besides E407A showed improved product yield. The E407A mutation reduced SpATA activity substantially, supporting its predicted role in maintaining the dimeric enzyme structure. CONCLUSIONS Using oxidase-amine transaminase cascades, the study demonstrated a fully enzymatic route to polysaccharide amination. Although the activity of SpATA may be further improved via enzyme engineering, the low operational stability of characterized amine transaminases, as a result of low retention of PMP cofactors, was identified as a key factor limiting the yield of the designed cascade. To increase the process feasibility, future efforts to engineer improved SpATA variants should focus on improving the cofactor affinity, and thus the operational stability of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Siyi Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thu V Vuong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Emma R Master
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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Nain P, Dickey RM, Somasundaram V, Sulzbach M, Kunjapur AM. Reductive amination cascades in cell-free and resting whole cell formats for valorization of lignin deconstruction products. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:593-604. [PMID: 37986639 PMCID: PMC10872919 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The selective introduction of amine groups within deconstruction products of lignin could provide an avenue for valorizing waste biomass while achieving a green synthesis of industrially relevant building blocks from sustainable sources. Here, we built and characterized enzyme cascades that create aldehydes and subsequently primary amines from diverse lignin-derived carboxylic acids using a carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) and an ω-transaminase (TA). Unlike previous studies that have paired CAR and TA enzymes, here we examine multiple homologs of each of these enzymes and a broader set of candidate substrates. In addition, we compare the performance of these systems in cell-free and resting whole-cell biocatalysis formats using the conversion of vanillate to vanillyl amine as model chemistry. We also demonstrate that resting whole cells can be recycled for multiple batch reactions. We used the knowledge gained from this study to produce several amines from carboxylic acid precursors using one-pot biocatalytic reactions, several of which we report for the first time. These results expand our knowledge of these industrially relevant enzyme families to new substrates and contexts for environmentally friendly and potentially low-cost synthesis of diverse aryl aldehydes and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Nain
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Roman M. Dickey
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Vishal Somasundaram
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Morgan Sulzbach
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Aditya M. Kunjapur
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
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Han SW, Jang Y, Kook J, Jang J, Shin JS. Reprogramming biocatalytic futile cycles through computational engineering of stereochemical promiscuity to create an amine racemase. Nat Commun 2024; 15:49. [PMID: 38169460 PMCID: PMC10761954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Repurposing the intrinsic properties of natural enzymes can offer a viable solution to current synthetic challenges through the development of novel biocatalytic processes. Although amino acid racemases are ubiquitous in living organisms, an amine racemase (AR) has not yet been discovered despite its synthetic potential for producing chiral amines. Here, we report the creation of an AR based on the serendipitous discovery that amine transaminases (ATAs) can perform stereoinversion of 2-aminobutane. Kinetic modeling revealed that the unexpected off-pathway activity results from stereochemically promiscuous futile cycles due to incomplete stereoselectivity for 2-aminobutane. This finding motivated us to engineer an S-selective ATA through in silico alanine scanning and empirical combinatorial mutations, creating an AR with broad substrate specificity. The resulting AR, carrying double point mutations, enables the racemization of both enantiomers of diverse chiral amines in the presence of a cognate ketone. This strategy may be generally applicable to a wide range of transaminases, paving the way for the development of new-to-nature racemases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Woo Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Youngho Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Kook
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jeesu Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong-Shik Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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6
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Pintor A, Cascelli N, Volkov A, Gotor-Fernández V, Lavandera I. Biotransamination of Furan-Based Aldehydes with Isopropylamine: Enzyme Screening and pH Influence. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300514. [PMID: 37737725 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Furan-based amines are highly valuable compounds which can be directly obtained via reductive amination from easily accessible furfural, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF). Herein the biocatalytic amination of these carbonyl derivatives is disclosed using amine transaminases (ATAs) and isopropylamine (IPA) as amine donors. Among the different biocatalysts tested, the ones from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv-TA), Arthrobacter citreus (ArS-TA), and variants from Arthrobacter sp. (ArRmut11-TA) and Vibrio fluvialis (Vf-mut-TA), afforded high levels of product formation (>80 %) at 100-200 mM aldehyde concentration. The transformations were studied in terms of enzyme and IPA loading. The pH influence was found as a key factor and attributed to the imine/aldehyde equilibrium that can arise from the high reactivity of the carbonyl substrates with a nucleophilic amine such as IPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Pintor
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- EnginZyme AB, Tomtebodavägen 6, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nicoletta Cascelli
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Biopox srl, Viale Maria Bakunin, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alexey Volkov
- EnginZyme AB, Tomtebodavägen 6, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Iván Lavandera
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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7
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Heckmann CM, Paul CE. Enantio-Complementary Synthesis of 2-Substituted Pyrrolidines and Piperidines via Transaminase-Triggered Cyclizations. JACS AU 2023; 3:1642-1649. [PMID: 37388678 PMCID: PMC10301811 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Chiral N-heterocycles are a common motif in many active pharmaceutical ingredients; however, their synthesis often relies on the use of heavy metals. In recent years, several biocatalytic approaches have emerged to reach enantiopurity. Here, we describe the asymmetric synthesis of 2-substituted pyrrolidines and piperidines, starting from commercially available ω-chloroketones by using transaminases, which has not yet been comprehensively studied. Analytical yields of up to 90% and enantiomeric excesses of up to >99.5% for each enantiomer were achieved, which has not previously been shown for bulky substituents. This biocatalytic approach was applied to synthesize (R)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidine on a 300 mg scale, affording 84% isolated yield, with >99.5% ee.
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8
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Rocha RA, Esquirol L, Rolland V, Hands P, Speight RE, Scott C. Non-covalent binding tags for batch and flow biocatalysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 169:110268. [PMID: 37300919 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization offers considerable advantage for biocatalysis in batch and continuous flow reactions. However, many currently available immobilization methods require that the surface of the carrier is chemically modified to allow site specific interactions with their cognate enzymes, which requires specific processing steps and incurs associated costs. Two carriers (cellulose and silica) were investigated here, initially using fluorescent proteins as models to study binding, followed by assessment of industrially relevant enzyme performance (transaminases and an imine reductase/glucose oxidoreductase fusion). Two previously described binding tags, the 17 amino acid long silica-binding peptide from the Bacillus cereus CotB protein and the cellulose binding domain from the Clostridium thermocellum, were fused to a range of proteins without impairing their heterologous expression. When fused to a fluorescent protein both tags conferred high avidity specific binding with their respective carriers (low nanomolar Kd values). The CotB peptide (CotB1p) induced protein aggregation in the transaminase and imine reductase/glucose oxidoreductase fusions when incubated with the silica carrier. The Clostridium thermocellum cellulose binding domain (CBDclos) allowed immobilization of all the proteins tested, but immobilization led to loss of enzymatic activity in the transaminases (< 2-fold) and imine reductase/glucose oxidoreductase fusion (> 80%). A transaminase-CBDclos fusion was then successfully used to demonstrate the application of the binding tag in repetitive batch and a continuous-flow reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Rocha
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia; CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lygie Esquirol
- CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Vivien Rolland
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Philip Hands
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Robert E Speight
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia
| | - Colin Scott
- CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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9
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Coenen A, Ferrer M, Jaeger KE, Schörken U. Synthesis of 12-aminododecenoic acid by coupling transaminase to oxylipin pathway enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2209-2221. [PMID: 36807735 PMCID: PMC10033567 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Biobased polymers derived from plant oils are sustainable alternatives to petro based polymers. In recent years, multienzyme cascades have been developed for the synthesis of biobased ω-aminocarboxylic acids, which serve as building blocks for polyamides. In this work, we have developed a novel enzyme cascade for the synthesis of 12-aminododeceneoic acid, a precursor for nylon-12, starting from linoleic acid. Seven bacterial ω-transaminases (ω-TAs) were cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and successfully purified by affinity chromatography. Activity towards the oxylipin pathway intermediates hexanal and 12-oxododecenoic acid in their 9(Z) and 10(E) isoforms was demonstrated for all seven transaminases in a coupled photometric enzyme assay. The highest specific activities were obtained with ω-TA from Aquitalea denitrificans (TRAD), with 0.62 U mg-1 for 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, 0.52 U mg-1 for 12-oxo-10(E)-dodecenoic acid and 1.17 U mg-1 for hexanal. A one-pot enzyme cascade was established with TRAD and papaya hydroperoxide lyase (HPLCP-N), reaching conversions of 59% according to LC-ELSD quantification. Starting from linoleic acid, up to 12% conversion to 12-aminododecenoic acid was achieved with a 3-enzyme cascade comprising soybean lipoxygenase (LOX-1), HPLCP-N and TRAD. Higher product concentrations were achieved by the consecutive addition of enzymes compared to simultaneous addition at the beginning. KEY POINTS: • Seven ω-transaminases converted 12-oxododecenoic acid into its corresponding amine. • A three-enzyme cascade with lipoxygenase, hydroperoxide lyase, and ω-transaminase was established for the first time. • A one-pot transformation of linoleic acid to 12-aminododecenoic acid, a precursor of nylon-12 was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Coenen
- Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln University of Applied Sciences - Leverkusen Campus, Leverkusen, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schörken
- Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln University of Applied Sciences - Leverkusen Campus, Leverkusen, Germany.
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10
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Liang C, Duan X, Shahab M, Zheng G. Biocatalytic synthesis of chiral five-membered carbasugars intermediates utilizing CV2025 ω-transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:369-374. [PMID: 36934040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
(S)-4-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclopent-2-enone is a key intermediate in the synthesis of chiral five-membered carbasugars, which can be used to synthesize a large number of pharmacologically relevant carbocyclic nucleosides. Herein, CV2025 ω-transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum was selected based on substrate similarity to convert ((1S,4R)-4-aminocyclopent-2-enyl)methanol to (S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopent-2-enone. The enzyme was successfully cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized. We show that it has R configuration preference in contrast with the conventional S preference. The highest activity was obtained below 60 °C and at pH 7.5. Cations Ca2+ and K+ enhanced activity by 21% and 13%, respectively. The conversion rate reached 72.4% within 60 min at 50 °C, pH 7.5, using 0.5 mM pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, 0.6 μM CV2025, and 10 mM substrate. The present study provides a promising strategy for preparing five-membered carbasugars economically and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiuyuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guojun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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11
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Pinheiro LZ, da Silva FF, Queiroz MSR, Aguieiras ECG, Cipolatti EP, da Silva AS, Bassut J, Seldin L, Guimarães DO, Freire DMG, de Souza ROMA, Leal ICR. Activity of endophytic fungi in enantioselective biotransformation of chiral amines: New approach for solid-state fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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12
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Czarnievicz N, Rubanu MG, Iturralde M, Albarran-Velo J, Diamanti E, Gotor-Fernandez V, Skolimowski M, López-Gallego F. A Multiplex Assay to Assess the Transaminase Activity toward Chemically Diverse Amine Donors. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200614. [PMID: 36385460 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of methods to engineer and immobilize amine transaminases (ATAs) to improve their functionality and operational stability is gaining momentum. The quest for robust, fast, and easy-to-use methods to screen the activity of large collections of transaminases, is essential. This work presents a novel and multiplex fluorescence-based kinetic assay to assess ATA activity using 4-dimethylamino-1-naphthaldehyde as an amine acceptor. The developed assay allowed us to screen a battery of amine donors using free and immobilized ATAs from different microbial sources as biocatalysts. As a result, using chromatographic methods, 4-hydroxybenzylamine was identified as the best amine donor for the amination of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural. Finally, we adapted this method to determine the apparent Michaelis-Menten parameters of a model immobilized ATA at the microscopic (single-particle) level. Our studies promote the use of this multiplex, multidimensional assay to screen ATAs for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Czarnievicz
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Micronit BV, Colosseum 15, 7521 PV, Enschede (The, Netherlands.,University of Basque Country, (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maria Grazia Rubanu
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maialen Iturralde
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús Albarran-Velo
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eleftheria Diamanti
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernandez
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
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13
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Wegner U, Matthes F, von Wirén N, Hajirezaei MR, Bode R, Kunze G, Rauter M. A transaminase with β-activity from Variovorax boronicumulans for the production of enantiopure β-amino acids. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12729. [PMID: 36685366 PMCID: PMC9850050 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enantioselective transamination of amino acids is a great challenge in biotechnology as suitable enzymes with wide substrate spectrum are rare. Here, we present a new transaminase from Variovorax boronicumulans (VboTA, Variovorax boronicumulansω-transaminase) which is specific for β-amino acids. The amino acid sequence of VboTA is similar to an ω-transaminase from Variovorax paradoxus, for which a crystal-structure is available. This similarity is allowing us to classify VboTA as a fold type 1 ω-transaminase (ω-TA). Although both enzymes have a high sequence similarity (86% identities, 92% positives), there are differences in the active center, which allow VboTA to accept a broader substrate spectrum. Both enzymes have also a different temperature stability and temperature optimum. VboTA deaminates the D-form of aromatic β-amino acids, such as β-homophenylalanine and β-phenylalanine as well as aliphatic β-amino acids, such as β-homoalanine and β-leucine. The optimal reaction conditions turned out to be 32 °C and pH 9. Kinetic resolution lead to high enantiomeric excess of 86.6% to >99.9%, depending on the amino donor/acceptor pair. In contrast to many other ω-TAs, VboTA has a broad substrate spectrum and uses both aromatic or aliphatic amino acids. With γ-amino acids as substrates, VboTA showed no activity at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wegner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Falko Matthes
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bode
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gotthard Kunze
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany,Corresponding author.
| | - Marion Rauter
- Orgentis Chemicals GmbH, Bahnhofstr. 3-5, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
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14
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Li F, Du Y, Liang Y, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Yu H. Redesigning an ( R)-Selective Transaminase for the Efficient Synthesis of Pharmaceutical N-Heterocyclic Amines. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Tsinghua University), The Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Tsinghua University), The Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youxiang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Tsinghua University), The Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Tsinghua University), The Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yukun Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Tsinghua University), The Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Tsinghua University), The Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Marchini V, Benítez‐Mateos AI, Hutter SL, Paradisi F. Fusion of Formate Dehydrogenase and Alanine Dehydrogenase as an Amino Donor Regenerating System Coupled to Transaminases. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200428. [PMID: 36066500 PMCID: PMC9828552 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusion enzymes are attractive tools for facilitating the assembly of biocatalytic cascades for chemical synthesis. This approach can offer great advantages for cooperative redox cascades that need the constant supply of a donor molecule. In this work, we have developed a self-sufficient bifunctional enzyme that can be coupled to transaminase-catalyzed reactions for the efficient recycling of the amino donor (L-alanine). By genetic fusion of an alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) and a formate dehydrogenase (FDH), a redox-complementary system was applied to recycle the amino donor and the cofactor (NADH), respectively. AlaDH and FDH were assembled in both combinations (FDH-AlaDH and AlaDH-FDH), with a 2.5-fold higher enzymatic activity of the latter system. Then, AlaDH-FDH was coupled to two different S-selective transaminases for the synthesis of vanillyl amine (10 mM) reaching up to 99 % conversion in 24 h in both cases. Finally, the multienzyme system was reused for at least 3 consecutive cycles when implemented in dialysis-assisted biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Marchini
- Department of ChemistryBiochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Ana I. Benítez‐Mateos
- Department of ChemistryBiochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Sofia L. Hutter
- Department of ChemistryBiochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- Department of ChemistryBiochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
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16
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Wang Q, Ma L, Wang Z, Chen Q, Wang Q, Qi Q. Construction and yield optimization of a cinnamylamine biosynthesis route in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:100. [PMID: 36175923 PMCID: PMC9524069 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background With the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds has attracted much attention. Cinnamylamine is an aromatic compound derived from l-phenylalanine, which is used in the synthesis of biologically active molecules, including drugs, and energetic materials. Cinnamylamine has been mainly synthesized by chemical methods to date, and few reports have focused on the biosynthesis of cinnamylamine. Therefore, it is desirable to establish an efficient biosynthesis method for cinnamylamine. Results The ω-aminotransferase Cv-ωTA from Chromobacterium violaceum has been demonstrated to have high enzyme activity in the conversion of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamylamine. To prevent the preferable conversion of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol in wild-type Escherichia coli, the E. coli MG1655 strain with reduced aromatic aldehyde reduction (RARE) in which six aldehyde ketone reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase genes have been knocked out was employed. Then, the carboxylic acid reductase from Neurospora crassa (NcCAR) and phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) from E. coli were screened for a high conversion rate of cinnamic acid to cinnamaldehyde. To shift the equilibrium of the reaction toward cinnamylamine, saturation mutagenesis of Cv-ωTA at key amino acid residues was performed, and Cv-ωTA Y168G had the highest conversion rate with 88.56 mg/L cinnamylamine obtained after 4 h of fermentation. Finally, by optimizing the substrates and the supply of the cofactors, PLP and NADPH, in the fermentation, the yield of cinnamylamine in engineered E. coli reached 523.15 mg/L. Conclusion We achieved the first biosynthesis of cinnamylamine using cinnamic acid as the precursor in E. coli using a combinatorial metabolic engineering strategy. This study provides a reference for the biosynthesis of other amine compounds and lays a foundation for the de novo synthesis of cinnamylamine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02199-7.
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17
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Sheludko YV, Slagman S, Gittings S, Charnock SJ, Land H, Berglund P, Fessner WD. Enantioselective Synthesis of Pharmaceutically Relevant Bulky Arylbutylamines Using Engineered Transaminases. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samantha Gittings
- Prozomix Limited UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Simon J. Charnock
- Prozomix Limited UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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18
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Wang Z, Li X, Li Z. Engineering of cascade reactions and alditol oxidase for high‐yielding synthesis of (R)‐phenylethanolamine from styrene, ʟ‐phenylalanine, glycerol or glucose. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wang
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Xirui Li
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Zhi Li
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 4 Engineering Drive 4, #03-03 117576 Singapore SINGAPORE
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19
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Sang X, Tong F, Zeng Z, Wu M, Yuan B, Sun Z, Sheng X, Qu G, Alcalde M, Hollmann F, Zhang W. A Biocatalytic Platform for the Synthesis of Enantiopure Propargylic Alcohols and Amines. Org Lett 2022; 24:4252-4257. [PMID: 35670732 PMCID: PMC9208015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Propargylic alcohols
and amines are versatile building blocks in
organic synthesis. We demonstrate a straightforward enzymatic cascade
to synthesize enantiomerically pure propargylic alcohols and amines
from readily available racemic starting materials. In the first step,
the peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita converted
the racemic propargylic alcohols into the corresponding ketones, which
then were converted into the enantiomerically pure alcohols using
the (R)-selective alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus kefir or the (S)-selective
alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter brokii. Moreover, an enzymatic Mitsunobu-type conversion of the racemic
alcohols into enantiomerically enriched propargylic amines using (R)-selective amine transaminase from Aspergillus
terreus or (S)-selective amine transaminase
from Chromobacterium violaceum was established. The
one-pot two-step cascade reaction yielded a broad range of enantioenriched
alcohol and amine products in 70–99% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianke Sang
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Feifei Tong
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhigang Zeng
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China
| | - Minghu Wu
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiang Sheng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China
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20
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Muratovska N, Silva P, Pozdniakova T, Pereira H, Grey C, Johansson B, Carlquist M. Towards engineered yeast as production platform for capsaicinoids. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107989. [PMID: 35623491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicinoids are bioactive alkaloids produced by the chili pepper fruit and are known to be the most potent agonists of the human pain receptor TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 1). They are currently produced by extraction from chili pepper fruit or by chemical synthesis. Transfer of the biosynthetic route to a microbial host could enable more efficient capsaicinoid production by fermentation and may also enable the use of synthetic biology to create a diversity of new compounds with potentially improved properties. This review summarises the current state of the art on the biosynthesis of capsaicinoid precursors in baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and discusses bioengineering strategies for achieving total synthesis from sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Muratovska
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paulo Silva
- CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Pozdniakova
- CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Humberto Pereira
- CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Carl Grey
- Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Johansson
- CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
| | - Magnus Carlquist
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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21
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Baud D, Tappertzhofen N, Moody TS, Ward JM, Hailes HC. Stereoselective Transaminase‐Mediated Synthesis of Serotonin and Melatonin Receptor Agonists. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Baud
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Nadine Tappertzhofen
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Almac Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate Craigavon BT63 5QD N. Ireland, U.K
- Arran Chemical Company Limited Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate Athlone Co. Roscommon Ireland
| | - John M. Ward
- University College London Department of Biochemical Engineering Bernard Katz Building London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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22
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Corrado ML, Knaus T, Schwaneberg U, Mutti FG. High-Yield Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,2-Amino Alcohols from l-Phenylalanine via Linear and Divergent Enzymatic Cascades. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:2085-2095. [PMID: 35873603 PMCID: PMC9295148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Enantiomerically
pure 1,2-amino alcohols are important compounds
due to their biological activities and wide applications in chemical
synthesis. In this work, we present two multienzyme pathways for the
conversion of l-phenylalanine into either 2-phenylglycinol
or phenylethanolamine in the enantiomerically pure form. Both pathways
start with the two-pot sequential four-step conversion of l-phenylalanine into styrene via subsequent deamination, decarboxylation,
enantioselective epoxidation, and enantioselective hydrolysis. For
instance, after optimization, the multienzyme process could convert
507 mg of l-phenylalanine into (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-diol
in an overall isolated yield of 75% and >99% ee. The opposite enantiomer,
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-diol, was also obtained in a 70%
yield and 98–99% ee following the same approach. At this stage,
two divergent routes were developed to convert the chiral diols into
either 2-phenylglycinol or phenylethanolamine. The former route consisted
of a one-pot concurrent interconnected two-step cascade in which the
diol intermediate was oxidized to 2-hydroxy-acetophenone by an alcohol
dehydrogenase and then aminated by a transaminase to give enantiomerically
pure 2-phenylglycinol. Notably, the addition of an alanine dehydrogenase
enabled the connection of the two steps and made the overall process
redox-self-sufficient. Thus, (S)-phenylglycinol was
isolated in an 81% yield and >99.4% ee starting from ca. 100 mg
of
the diol intermediate. The second route consisted of a one-pot concurrent
two-step cascade in which the oxidative and reductive steps were not
interconnected. In this case, the diol intermediate was oxidized to
either (S)- or (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetaldehyde
by an alcohol oxidase and then aminated by an amine dehydrogenase
to give the enantiomerically pure phenylethanolamine. The addition
of a formate dehydrogenase and sodium formate was required to provide
the reducing equivalents for the reductive amination step. Thus, (R)-phenylethanolamine was isolated in a 92% yield and >99.9%
ee starting from ca. 100 mg of the diol intermediate. In summary, l-phenylalanine was converted into enantiomerically pure 2-phenylglycinol
and phenylethanolamine in overall yields of 61% and 69%, respectively.
This work exemplifies how linear and divergent enzyme cascades can
enable the synthesis of high-value chiral molecules such as amino
alcohols from a renewable material such as l-phenylalanine
with high atom economy and improved sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Corrado
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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23
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Pérez‐Martín C, Rebolledo F, Brieva R. Amine Transaminase Mediated Synthesis of Optically Pure Piperazinones and 1,4‐Diazepanones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez‐Martín
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry University of Oviedo 33006-Oviedo Asturias) Spain
| | - Francisca Rebolledo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry University of Oviedo 33006-Oviedo Asturias) Spain
| | - Rosario Brieva
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry University of Oviedo 33006-Oviedo Asturias) Spain
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24
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García-Ramos M, Lavandera I. Transaminases as suitable catalysts for the synthesis of enantiopure β,β-difluoroamines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:984-988. [PMID: 35040845 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transaminases have shown the ability to catalyze the amination of a series of aliphatic and (hetero)aromatic α,α-difluorinated ketones with high stereoselectivity, thus providing the corresponding β,β-difluoroamines in high isolated yields (55-82%) and excellent enantiomeric excess (>99%). It was also observed that these activated substrates could be quantitatively transformed by employing a small molar excess of the amine donor since this amination process was thermodynamically favored. Selected transformations could be scaled up to 500 mg, showing the robustness of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina García-Ramos
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Iván Lavandera
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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25
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Computer Modeling Explains the Structural Reasons for the Difference in Reactivity of Amine Transaminases Regarding Prochiral Methylketones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020777. [PMID: 35054965 PMCID: PMC8776209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amine transaminases (ATAs) are pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from an amino donor to an aldehyde and/or ketone. In the past decade, the enzymatic reductive amination of prochiral ketones catalyzed by ATAs has attracted the attention of researchers, and more traditional chemical routes were replaced by enzymatic ones in industrial manufacturing. In the present work, the influence of the presence of an α,β-unsaturated system in a methylketone model substrate was investigated, using a set of five wild-type ATAs, the (R)-selective from Aspergillus terreus (Atr-TA) and Mycobacterium vanbaalenii (Mva-TA), the (S)-selective from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cvi-TA), Ruegeria pomeroyi (Rpo-TA), V. fluvialis (Vfl-TA) and an engineered variant of V. fluvialis (ATA-256 from Codexis). The high conversion rate (80 to 99%) and optical purity (78 to 99% ee) of both (R)- and (S)-ATAs for the substrate 1-phenyl-3-butanone, using isopropylamine (IPA) as an amino donor, were observed. However, the double bond in the α,β-position of 4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one dramatically reduced wild-type ATA reactivity, leading to conversions of <10% (without affecting the enantioselectivity). In contrast, the commercially engineered V. fluvialis variant, ATA-256, still enabled an 87% conversion, yielding a corresponding amine with >99% ee. Computational docking simulations showed the differences in orientation and intermolecular interactions in the active sites, providing insights to rationalize the observed experimental results.
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26
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Xie YY, Wang J, Yang L, Wang W, Liu QH, Wang H, Wei D. The identification and application of a robust ω-transaminase with high tolerance of substrate and isopropylamine from a directed soil metagenome. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02032c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ω-transaminase-mediated asymmetric amination of a ketone substrate has gained significant attention for its immense potential to synthesize chiral amine pharmaceuticals and precursors. However, few of these have been authentically...
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27
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Carter EM, Subrizi F, Ward JM, Sheppard TD, Hailes HC. Direct Conversion of Hydrazones to Amines using Transaminases. ChemCatChem 2021; 13:4520-4523. [PMID: 35874927 PMCID: PMC9292518 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transaminase enzymes (TAms) have been widely used for the amination of aldehydes and ketones, often resulting in optically pure products. In this work, transaminases were directly reacted with hydrazones in a novel approach to form amine products. Several substrates were investigated, including those with furan and phenyl moieties. It was determined that the amine yields increased when an additional electrophile was added to the reaction mixture, suggesting that they can sequester the hydrazine released in the reaction. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), a cofactor for transaminases, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-aldehydes were both found to increase the yield of amine formed. Notably, the amination of (S)-(-)-1-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine (SAMP) hydrazones gave promising results as a method to form chiral β-substituted amines in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve M Carter
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London Gower Street, Bernard Katz Building London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Tom D Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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Manfrão‐Netto JHC, Lund F, Muratovska N, Larsson EM, Parachin NS, Carlquist M. Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida for production of vanillylamine from lignin-derived substrates. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2448-2462. [PMID: 33533574 PMCID: PMC8601178 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-cell bioconversion of technical lignins using Pseudomonas putida strains overexpressing amine transaminases (ATAs) has the potential to become an eco-efficient route to produce phenolic amines. Here, a novel cell growth-based screening method to evaluate the in vivo activity of recombinant ATAs towards vanillylamine in P. putida KT2440 was developed. It allowed the identification of the native enzyme Pp-SpuC-II and ATA from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv-ATA) as highly active towards vanillylamine in vivo. Overexpression of Pp-SpuC-II and Cv-ATA in the strain GN442ΔPP_2426, previously engineered for reduced vanillin assimilation, resulted in 94- and 92-fold increased specific transaminase activity, respectively. Whole-cell bioconversion of vanillin yielded 0.70 ± 0.20 mM and 0.92 ± 0.30 mM vanillylamine, for Pp-SpuC-II and Cv-ATA, respectively. Still, amine production was limited by a substantial re-assimilation of the product and formation of the by-products vanillic acid and vanillyl alcohol. Concomitant overexpression of Cv-ATA and alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis increased the production of vanillylamine with ammonium as the only nitrogen source and a reduction in the amount of amine product re-assimilation. Identification and deletion of additional native genes encoding oxidoreductases acting on vanillin are crucial engineering targets for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fredrik Lund
- Division of Applied MicrobiologyDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of EngineeringLund UniversityPO Box 124Lund221 00Sweden
- Present address:
Applied MicrobiologyLund UniversityKemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14Lund22100Sweden
| | - Nina Muratovska
- Division of Applied MicrobiologyDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of EngineeringLund UniversityPO Box 124Lund221 00Sweden
- Present address:
Applied MicrobiologyLund UniversityKemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14Lund22100Sweden
| | - Elin M. Larsson
- Division of Applied MicrobiologyDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of EngineeringLund UniversityPO Box 124Lund221 00Sweden
- Department of BioengineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology1200 East California BlvdPasadenaCA91125USA
- Present address:
Applied MicrobiologyLund UniversityKemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14Lund22100Sweden
| | - Nádia Skorupa Parachin
- Grupo Engenharia de BiocatalisadoresInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil
- Present address:
Ginkgo Bioworks27 Drydock AveBostonMA02210USA
| | - Magnus Carlquist
- Division of Applied MicrobiologyDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of EngineeringLund UniversityPO Box 124Lund221 00Sweden
- Present address:
Applied MicrobiologyLund UniversityKemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14Lund22100Sweden
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Cárdenas-Fernández M, Sinclair O, Ward JM. Novel transaminases from thermophiles: from discovery to application. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:305-317. [PMID: 34713952 PMCID: PMC8719814 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transaminases (TAs) are promising biocatalysts for chiral amine synthesis; however, only few thermophilic TAs have been described to date. In this work, a genome mining approach was taken to seek novel TAs from nine thermophilic microorganisms. TA sequences were identified from their respective genome sequences and their Pfam were predicted confirming that TAs class I–II are the most abundant (50%), followed by class III (26%), V (16%), IV (8%) and VI (1%). The percentage of open reading frames (ORFs) that are TAs ranges from 0.689% in Thermococcus litoralis to 0.424% in Sulfolobus solfataricus. A total of 94 putative TAs were successfully cloned and expressed into E. coli, showing mostly good expression levels when using a chemical chaperone media containing d‐sorbitol. Kinetic and end‐point colorimetric assays with different amino donors–acceptors confirmed TAs activity allowing for initial exploration of the substrate scope. Stereoselective and non‐stereoselective serine‐TAs were selected for the synthesis of hydroxypyruvate (HPA). Low HPA reaction yields were observed with four non‐stereoselective serine‐TAs, whilst two stereoselective serine‐TAs showed significantly higher yields. Coupling serine‐TA reactions to a transketolase to yield l‐erythrulose (Ery) substantially increased serine conversion into HPA. Combining both stereoselective serine‐TAs and transketolase using the inexpensive racemic D/L‐serine led to high Ery yield (82%). Thermal characterization of stereoselective serine‐TAs confirmed they have excellent thermostability up to 60°C and high optimum temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Cárdenas-Fernández
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.,School of Biosciences, University of Kent, CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK
| | - Oliver Sinclair
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
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30
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Luo W, Hu J, Lu J, Zhang H, Wang X, Liu Y, Dong L, Yu X. One pot cascade synthesis of L-2-aminobutyric acid employing ω-transaminase from Paracoccus pantotrophus. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Boyko KM, Nikolaeva AY, Bakunova AK, Stekhanova TN, Rakitina TV, Popov VO, Bezsudnova EY. Three-Dimensional Structure of Thermostable D-Amino Acid Transaminase from the Archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii DSM 2661. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774521050035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Subrizi F, Wang Y, Thair B, Méndez‐Sánchez D, Roddan R, Cárdenas‐Fernández M, Siegrist J, Richter M, Andexer JN, Ward JM, Hailes HC. Multienzyme One-Pot Cascades Incorporating Methyltransferases for the Strategic Diversification of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18673-18679. [PMID: 34101966 PMCID: PMC8457072 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring system is present in a large variety of structurally diverse natural products exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. Routes to mimic the biosynthetic pathways to such alkaloids, by building cascade reactions in vitro, represents a successful strategy and can offer better stereoselectivities than traditional synthetic methods. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases are crucial in the biosynthesis and diversification of THIQs; however, their application is often limited in vitro by the high cost of SAM and low substrate scope. In this study, we describe the use of methyltransferases in vitro in multi-enzyme cascades, including for the generation of SAM in situ. Up to seven enzymes were used for the regioselective diversification of natural and non-natural THIQs on an enzymatic preparative scale. Regioselectivites of the methyltransferases were dependent on the group at C-1 and presence of fluorine in the THIQs. An interesting dual activity was also discovered for the catechol methyltransferases used, which were found to be able to regioselectively methylate two different catechols in a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Benjamin Thair
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | | | - Rebecca Roddan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Max Cárdenas‐Fernández
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Jutta Siegrist
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Michael Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB)Branch BiocatSchulgasse 11a94315StraubingGermany
| | - Jennifer N. Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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33
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Subrizi F, Wang Y, Thair B, Méndez‐Sánchez D, Roddan R, Cárdenas‐Fernández M, Siegrist J, Richter M, Andexer JN, Ward JM, Hailes HC. Multienzyme One-Pot Cascades Incorporating Methyltransferases for the Strategic Diversification of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:18821-18827. [PMID: 38505091 PMCID: PMC10947541 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring system is present in a large variety of structurally diverse natural products exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. Routes to mimic the biosynthetic pathways to such alkaloids, by building cascade reactions in vitro, represents a successful strategy and can offer better stereoselectivities than traditional synthetic methods. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases are crucial in the biosynthesis and diversification of THIQs; however, their application is often limited in vitro by the high cost of SAM and low substrate scope. In this study, we describe the use of methyltransferases in vitro in multi-enzyme cascades, including for the generation of SAM in situ. Up to seven enzymes were used for the regioselective diversification of natural and non-natural THIQs on an enzymatic preparative scale. Regioselectivites of the methyltransferases were dependent on the group at C-1 and presence of fluorine in the THIQs. An interesting dual activity was also discovered for the catechol methyltransferases used, which were found to be able to regioselectively methylate two different catechols in a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Benjamin Thair
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | | | - Rebecca Roddan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Max Cárdenas‐Fernández
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Jutta Siegrist
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Michael Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB)Branch BiocatSchulgasse 11a94315StraubingGermany
| | - Jennifer N. Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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34
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Chiral Synthesis of 3-Amino-1-phenylbutane by a Multi-Enzymatic Cascade System. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines from prochiral ketones using transaminases is an attractive biocatalytic strategy. Nevertheless, it is hampered by its unfavorable thermodynamic equilibrium. In the present work, an insitu by-product removal strategy was applied for the synthesis of 3-amino-1-phenylbutane (3-APB) by coupling a transaminase with a pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), which does not require the use of any expensive additional cofactor. Using this strategy, the pyruvate obtained in the transamination reaction is transformed by PDC into acetaldehyde and CO2 which are of high volatility. Two different transaminases from Chromobacterium violaceum (CviTA) and Vibrio fluvialis (VflTA) were characterized to find out the appropriate pH conditions. In both cases, the addition of PDC dramatically enhanced 3-APB synthesis. Afterwards, different reaction conditions were tested to improve reaction conversion and yield. It was concluded that 30 °C and a 20-fold alanine excess lead to the best process metrics. Under the mentioned conditions, yields higher than 60% were reached with nearly 90% selectivity using both CviTA and VflTA. Moreover, high stereoselectivity for (S)-3-APB was obtained and ee of around 90% was achieved in both cases. For the first time, the asymmetric synthesis of 3-APB using PDC as by-product removal system using CviTA is reported.
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35
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García‐Ramos M, Cuetos A, Kroutil W, Grogan G, Lavandera I. The Reactivity of α‐Fluoroketones with PLP Dependent Enzymes: Transaminases as Hydrodefluorinases. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina García‐Ramos
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department University of Oviedo Avenida Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Aníbal Cuetos
- York Structural Biology Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- ENANTIA C/ Baldiri Reixac, 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz Field of Excellence BioHealth University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Gideon Grogan
- York Structural Biology Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Iván Lavandera
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department University of Oviedo Avenida Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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36
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Corrado ML, Knaus T, Mutti FG. High Regio- and Stereoselective Multi-enzymatic Synthesis of All Phenylpropanolamine Stereoisomers from β-Methylstyrene. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2345-2350. [PMID: 33880862 PMCID: PMC8359840 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a one-pot cascade for the synthesis of phenylpropanolamines (PPAs) in high optical purities (er and dr up to >99.5 %) and analytical yields (up to 95 %) by using 1-phenylpropane-1,2-diols as key intermediates. This bioamination entails the combination of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an ω-transaminase (ωTA) and an alanine dehydrogenase to create a redox-neutral network, which harnesses the exquisite and complementary regio- and stereo-selectivities of the selected ADHs and ωTAs. The requisite 1-phenylpropane-1,2-diol intermediates were obtained from trans- or cis-β-methylstyrene by combining a styrene monooxygenase with epoxide hydrolases. Furthermore, in selected cases, the envisioned cascade enabled to obtain the structural isomer (1S,2R)-1-amino-1-phenylpropan-2-ol in high optical purity (er and dr >99.5 %). This is the first report on an enzymatic method that enables to obtain all of the four possible PPA stereoisomers in great enantio- and diastereo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Corrado
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Gerlach T, Nugroho DL, Rother D. The Effect of Visible Light on the Catalytic Activity of PLP-Dependent Enzymes. ChemCatChem 2021; 13:2398-2406. [PMID: 34249169 PMCID: PMC8251830 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes are a versatile class of biocatalysts and feature a variety of industrial applications. However, PLP is light sensitive and can cause inactivation of enzymes in certain light conditions. As most of the PLP-dependent enzymes are usually not handled in dark conditions, we evaluated the effect of visible light on the activity of PLP-dependent enzymes during production as well as transformation. We tested four amine transaminases, from Chromobacterium violaceum, Bacillus megaterium, Vibrio fluvialis and a variant from Arthrobacter species as well as two lysine decarboxylases, from Selenomonas ruminantium and the LDCc from Escherichia coli. It appeared that five of these six enzymes suffered from a significant decrease in activity by up to 90 % when handled in laboratory light conditions. Surprisingly, only the amine transaminase variant from Arthrobacter species appeared to be unaffected by light exposure and even showed an activation to 150 % relative activity over the course of 6 h regardless of the light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gerlach
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHWilhelm-Johnen-Straße52428JülichGermany
- Department Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 152062AachenGermany
| | - David Limanhadi Nugroho
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHWilhelm-Johnen-Straße52428JülichGermany
| | - Dörte Rother
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHWilhelm-Johnen-Straße52428JülichGermany
- Department Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 152062AachenGermany
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38
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Bretschneider L, Wegner M, Bühler K, Bühler B, Karande R. One-pot synthesis of 6-aminohexanoic acid from cyclohexane using mixed-species cultures. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1011-1025. [PMID: 33369139 PMCID: PMC8085927 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
6-Aminohexanoic acid (6AHA) is a vital polymer building block for Nylon 6 production and an FDA-approved orphan drug. However, its production from cyclohexane is associated with several challenges, including low conversion and yield, and severe environmental issues. We aimed at overcoming these challenges by developing a bioprocess for 6AHA synthesis. A mixed-species approach turned out to be most promising. Thereby, Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 strains harbouring an upstream cascade converting cyclohexane to either є-caprolactone (є-CL) or 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (6HA) were combined with Escherichia coli JM101 strains containing the corresponding downstream cascade for the further conversion to 6AHA. ε-CL was found to be a better 'shuttle molecule' than 6HA enabling higher 6AHA formation rates and yields. Mixed-species reaction performance with 4 g l-1 biomass, 10 mM cyclohexane, and an air-to-aqueous phase ratio of 23 combined with a repetitive oxygen feeding strategy led to complete substrate conversion with 86% 6AHA yield and an initial specific 6AHA formation rate of 7.7 ± 0.1 U gCDW -1 . The same cascade enabled 49% 7-aminoheptanoic acid yield from cycloheptane. This combination of rationally engineered strains allowed direct 6AHA production from cyclohexane in one pot with high conversion and yield under environmentally benign conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bretschneider
- Department of Solar MaterialsHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research –UFZPermoserstrasse 15Leipzig04318Germany
| | - Martin Wegner
- Department of Solar MaterialsHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research –UFZPermoserstrasse 15Leipzig04318Germany
| | - Katja Bühler
- Department of Solar MaterialsHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research –UFZPermoserstrasse 15Leipzig04318Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department of Solar MaterialsHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research –UFZPermoserstrasse 15Leipzig04318Germany
| | - Rohan Karande
- Department of Solar MaterialsHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research –UFZPermoserstrasse 15Leipzig04318Germany
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39
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Efficient Amino Donor Recycling in Amination Reactions: Development of a New Alanine Dehydrogenase in Continuous Flow and Dialysis Membrane Reactors. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transaminases have arisen as one of the main biocatalysts for amine production but despite their many advantages, their stability is still a concern for widespread application. One of the reasons for their instability is the need to use an excess of the amino donor when trying to synthesise amines with unfavourable equilibria. To circumvent this, recycling systems for the amino donor, such as amino acid dehydrogenases or aldolases, have proved useful to push the equilibria while avoiding high amino donor concentrations. In this work, we report the use of a new alanine dehydrogenase from the halotolerant bacteria Halomonas elongata which exhibits excellent stability to different cosolvents, combined with the well characterised CbFDH as a recycling system of L-alanine for the amination of three model substrates with unfavourable equilibria. In a step forward, the amino donor recycling system has been co-immobilised and used in flow with success as well as re-used as a dialysis enclosed system for the amination of an aromatic aldehyde.
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40
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Schwarz M, Murphy EJ, Foley AM, Woods DF, Castilla IA, Reen FJ, Collins SG, O'Gara F, Maguire AR. Exploring the synthetic potential of a marine transaminase including discrimination at a remote stereocentre. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:188-198. [PMID: 33119023 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The marine transaminase, P-ω-TA, can be employed for the transamination from 1-aminotetralins and 1-aminoindanes with differentiation of stereochemistry at both the site of reaction and at a remote stereocentre resulting in formation of ketone products with up to 93% ee. While 4-substituents are tolerated on the tetralin core, the presence of 3- or 8-substituents is not tolerated by the transaminase. In general P-ω-TA shows capacity for remote diastereoselectivity, although both the stereoselectivity and efficiency are dependent on the specific substrate structure. Optimum efficiency and selectivity are seen with 4-haloaryl-1-aminotetralins and 3-haloaryl-1-aminoindanes, which may be associated with the marine origin of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schwarz
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 K8AF, Cork, Ireland.
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41
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Sekar BS, Mao J, Lukito BR, Wang Z, Li Z. Bioproduction of Enantiopure (
R
)‐ and (
S
)‐2‐Phenylglycinols from Styrenes and Renewable Feedstocks. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Sundara Sekar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI) Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Jiwei Mao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI) Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Benedict Ryan Lukito
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI) Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI) Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
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González‐Martínez D, Gotor V, Gotor‐Fernández V. Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Fluorinated Amino Alcohols through One‐pot Reactions using Alcohol Dehydrogenases and Amine Transaminases. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department Universidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor‐Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department Universidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo Asturias Spain
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43
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Zhu Y, Yang T, Chen Y, Fan C, Yuan J. One‐Pot Synthesis of Aromatic Amines from Renewable Feedstocks via Whole‐Cell Biocatalysis. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University Fujian 361102 PR China
| | - Taiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University Fujian 361102 PR China
| | - Yueyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University Fujian 361102 PR China
| | - Cong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University Fujian 361102 PR China
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University Fujian 361102 PR China
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44
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Structural and Functional Analysis of the Only Two Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate-Dependent Fold Type IV Transaminases in Bacillus altitudinis W3. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminotransferases are employed as industrial biocatalysts to produce chiral amines with high enantioselectivity and yield. BpTA-1 and BpTA-2 are the only two pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent fold type IV transaminase enzymes in Bacillus altitudinis W3. Herein, we compared the structures and biochemical characteristics of BpTA-1 and BpTA-2 using bioinformatic analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and other approaches. BpTA-1 and BpTA-2 are similar overall; both form homodimers and utilize a catalytic lysine. However, there are distinct differences in the substrate cofactor-binding pocket, molecular weight and the proportion of the secondary structure. Both enzymes have the same stereoselectivity but different enzymatic properties. BpTA-2 is more active under partial alkaline and ambient temperature conditions and BpTA-1 is more sensitive to pH and temperature. BpTA-2 as novel enzyme not only fills the building blocks of transaminase but also has broader industrial application potential for (R)-α-phenethylamines than BpTA-1. Structure-function relationships were explored to assess similarities and differences. The findings lay the foundation for modifying these enzymes via protein engineering to enhance their industrial application potential.
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45
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Dong W, Yao P, Wang Y, Wu Q, Zhu D. Chemoenzymatic Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted γ‐ or δ‐lactams with Two Chiral Centers via Transaminase‐catalysed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Dong
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 Xi Qi Dao Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
| | - Peiyuan Yao
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 Xi Qi Dao Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
| | - Yingang Wang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 Xi Qi Dao Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19(A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 Xi Qi Dao Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19(A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 Xi Qi Dao Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19(A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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46
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Ge J, Yang X, Yu H, Ye L. High-yield whole cell biosynthesis of Nylon 12 monomer with self-sufficient supply of multiple cofactors. Metab Eng 2020; 62:172-185. [PMID: 32927060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of Nylon 12 monomer using dodecanoic acid (DDA) or its esters as the renewable feedstock typically involves ω-hydroxylation, oxidation and ω-amination. The dependence of hydroxylation and oxidation-catalyzing enzymes on redox cofactors, and the requirement of L-alanine as the co-substrate and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) as the coenzyme for transamination, raise the issue of redox imbalance and cofactor shortage, challenging the development of efficient biocatalysts. Simultaneous regeneration of the redox equivalents, PLP and L-alanine required in the artificial pathway was enabled by its interfacing with the native metabolism of the host using glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), L-alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) and an exogenous ribose 5-phosphate (R5P)-dependent PLP synthesis pathway as bridges. Further engineering of the host by blocking β-oxidation and enhancing substrate uptake improved the ω-aminododecanoic acid (ω-AmDDA) yield to 96.5%. This study offers a strategy to resolve the cofactor imbalance issue commonly encountered in whole-cell biocatalysis and meanwhile lays a solid foundation for Nylon 12 bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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47
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Creation of a robust and R-selective ω-amine transaminase for the asymmetric synthesis of sitagliptin intermediate on a kilogram scale. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 141:109655. [PMID: 33051014 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The creation of an R-selective ω-amine transaminase (ω-ATA) as biocatalyst is crucial for the asymmetric amination of prochiral ketones to produce sitagliptin intermediates because rare ω-ATAs are R-selective in nature and most of them suffer from poor stability and low activity toward bulky prochiral ketones. Here, the gene of an R-selective ω-ATA was cloned from Arthrobacter cumminsii ZJUT212 (AcATA) and expressed in Escherichia coli. The best variants (M1 + M122H and M1+T134 G) were obtained using a semi-rational protein design after screening. These variants not only exhibited improved activity and substrate affinity but also enhanced stability in aqueous phase containing 20 % dimethyl sulfoxide. The conversion of asymmetric amination on 50 g/L pro-sitagliptin ketone PTfpB (1-[1-piperidinyl]-4-[2,4,5-trifluorophenyl]-1,3-butanedione) achieved 92 %, with an extremely high e.e. of >99 %, using 2 gDCW/L E. coli cells harboring M1 + M122H as biocatalyst. In the kilogram-scale experiment, approximately 40 kg of (R)-APTfpB (e.e. >99 %) was produced within 30 h when 50 kg PTfpB was used as the substrate. Furthermore, the space-time yield reached ≈32 g/(L·d).
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48
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Tang K, Yi Y, Gao Z, Jia H, Li Y, Cao F, Zhou H, Jiang M, Wei P. Identification, Heterologous Expression and Characterization of a Transaminase from Rhizobium sp. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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49
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Henríquez MJ, Cardós-Elena RP, Nesbeth DN. Genomic data mining reveals the transaminase repertoire of Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) strain GS115 and supports a systematic nomenclature. J Genet 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-020-01201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Kelly SA, Mix S, Moody TS, Gilmore BF. Transaminases for industrial biocatalysis: novel enzyme discovery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4781-4794. [PMID: 32300853 PMCID: PMC7228992 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Transaminases (TAms) are important enzymes for the production of chiral amines for the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Novel TAms for use in these industries have been discovered using a range of approaches, including activity-guided methods and homologous sequence searches from cultured microorganisms to searches using key motifs and metagenomic mining of environmental DNA libraries. This mini-review focuses on the methods used for TAm discovery over the past two decades, analyzing the changing trends in the field and highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of the respective approaches used. This review will also discuss the role of protein engineering in the development of novel TAms and explore possible directions for future TAm discovery for application in industrial biocatalysis. KEY POINTS: • The past two decades of TAm enzyme discovery approaches are explored. • TAm sequences are phylogenetically analyzed and compared to other discovery methods. • Benefits and drawbacks of discovery approaches for novel biocatalysts are discussed. • The role of protein engineering and future discovery directions is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Kelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Stefan Mix
- Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, Almac, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, UK
| | - Thomas S Moody
- Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, Almac, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, UK
- Arran Chemical Company Limited, Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate, Athlone, Co. Roscommon, Ireland
| | - Brendan F Gilmore
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland.
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