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Gupta V, Odaneth AA, Lali AM. Continuous fermentation using high cell density cell recycle system for L-lactic acid production. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:668-679. [PMID: 38190739 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2268207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
For complete utilization of high glucose at ∼100 g/L, a high cell density (HCD) continuous fermentation system was established using Lb. delbrueckii NCIM 2025 for the bioproduction of lactic acid (LA). An integrated membrane cell recycling system coupled with the continuous bioreactor, aided to achieve the highest 34.77 g/L h LA productivity and 0.94-0.98 g/g yield. ∼34 times higher productivity was observed (in comparison to batch fermentation conducted in this study), when the continuous operations were carried out at the maximum dilution rate and wet cell weight i.e. 0.36 h-1 and 230 g/L, respectively. These results show the potential of this method for large-scale lactic acid production because it not only produces high titers but also ensures that glucose is used effectively. The method's superior performance in comparison to earlier studies suggests it as an affordable and sustainable alternative for the production of LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Gupta
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Annamma A Odaneth
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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2
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de Souza F, Gupta RK. Bacteria for Bioplastics: Progress, Applications, and Challenges. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8666-8686. [PMID: 38434856 PMCID: PMC10905720 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bioplastics are one of the answers that can point society toward a sustainable future. Under this premise, the synthesis of polymers with competitive properties using low-cost starting materials is a highly desired factor in the industry. Also, tackling environmental issues such as nonbiodegradable waste generation, high carbon footprint, and consumption of nonrenewable resources are some of the current concerns worldwide. The scientific community has been placing efforts into the biosynthesis of polymers using bacteria and other microbes. These microorganisms can be convenient reactors to consume food and agricultural wastes and convert them into biopolymers with inherently attractive properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and appreciable mechanical and chemical properties. Such biopolymers can be applied to several fields such as packing, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, medical, biomedical, and agricultural. Thus, intending to elucidate the science of microbes to produce polymers, this review starts with a brief introduction to bioplastics by describing their importance and the methods for their production. The second section dives into the importance of bacteria regarding the biochemical routes for the synthesis of polymers along with their advantages and disadvantages. The third section covers some of the main parameters that influence biopolymers' production. Some of the main applications of biopolymers along with a comparison between the polymers obtained from microorganisms and the petrochemical-based ones are presented. Finally, some discussion about the future aspects and main challenges in this field is provided to elucidate the main issues that should be tackled for the wide application of microorganisms for the preparation of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe
Martins de Souza
- National
Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburgh
State University, 1204 Research Road, Pittsburgh, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Ram K. Gupta
- National
Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburgh
State University, 1204 Research Road, Pittsburgh, Kansas 66762, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pittsburgh State University, 1701 South Broadway Street, Pittsburgh, Kansas 66762, United States
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3
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Kim SM, Lee HI, Nam SW, Jin DH, Jeong GT, Nam SW, Burns B, Jeon YJ. The Halophilic Bacterium Paracoccus haeundaensis for the Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) from Single Carbon Sources. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:74-84. [PMID: 37997264 PMCID: PMC10840474 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2305.05025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the potential production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a biodegradable plastic material, by Paracoccus haeundaensis for which PHA production has never been reported. To identify the most effective nitrogen-limited culture conditions for PHAs production from this bacterium, batch fermentation using glucose concentrations ranging from 4 g l-1 to 20 g l-1 with a fixed ammonium concentration of 0.5 g l-1 was carried out at 30°C and pH 8.0. A glucose supplement of 12 g l-1 produced the highest PHA concentration (1.6 g l-1) and PHA content (0.63 g g-1) thereby identifying the optimal condition for PHA production from this bacterium. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis suggests that P. haeundaensis mostly produced copolymer types of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] from glucose concentrations at 12 g l-1 or higher under the nitrogen-limited conditions. When several other single carbon sources were evaluated for the most efficient PHA production, fructose provided the highest biomass (2.8 g l-1), and PHAs (1.29 g l-1) concentrations. Results indicated that this bacterium mostly produced the copolymers P(3HB-co-3HV) from single carbon sources composing a range of 93-98% of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 2-7% of 3-hydroxyvalerate, whereas mannose-supplemented conditions produced the only homopolymer type of P(3HB). However, when propionic acid as a secondary carbon source were supplemented into the media, P. haeundaensis produced the copolymer P(3HB-co-3HV), composed of a 50% maximum monomeric unit of 3-hydroxyvaleric acid (3HV). However, as the concentration of propionic acid increased, cell biomass and PHAs concentrations substantially decreased due to cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Min Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- School of Marine and Fisheries Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- School of Marine and Fisheries Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Nam
- Bioresources Collection and Research Team, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyeon Jin
- Bioresources Collection and Research Team, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Taek Jeong
- School of Marine and Fisheries Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Nam
- Department of Smart Bio-Health, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Brendan Burns
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Young Jae Jeon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- School of Marine and Fisheries Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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4
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Jin A, del Valle LJ, Puiggalí J. Copolymers and Blends Based on 3-Hydroxybutyrate and 3-Hydroxyvalerate Units. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17250. [PMID: 38139077 PMCID: PMC10743438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive update of the biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), emphasizing its production, properties, and applications. The overall biosynthesis pathway of PHBV is explored in detail, highlighting recent advances in production techniques. The inherent physicochemical properties of PHBV, along with its degradation behavior, are discussed in detail. This review also explores various blends and composites of PHBV, demonstrating their potential for a range of applications. Finally, the versatility of PHBV-based materials in multiple sectors is examined, emphasizing their increasing importance in the field of biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Jin
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.); (L.J.d.V.)
- Venvirotech Biotechnology S.L., Santa Perpètua de Mogoda, 08130 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.); (L.J.d.V.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.); (L.J.d.V.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Możejko-Ciesielska J, Ray S, Sankhyan S. Recent Challenges and Trends of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production by Extremophilic Bacteria Using Renewable Feedstocks. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4385. [PMID: 38006109 PMCID: PMC10674690 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polymers with immense potential in addressing the global plastic pollution crisis and advancing sustainable bioplastics production. Among the various microbes known for PHA production, extremophilic bacteria possess unique capabilities to thrive under extreme conditions, making them attractive candidates for PHA synthesis. Furthermore, the utilization of renewable feedstocks for PHA production aligns with the growing demand for sustainable bioplastic alternatives. A diverse range of extremophilic bacteria, especially halophiles and thermophiles, has provided cost-competitive platforms for producing customized PHA polymers. Extremophilic bacteria offer unique advantages over mesophiles due to their contamination resistance, high cell density growth, and unique culture conditions. The current status of Halomonas spp. as a chassis further allows exploration of metabolic engineering approaches to overcome the challenges associated with current industrial biotechnology. This article especially focuses on extremophilic bacteria and explores recent advances in utilizing renewable feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass, agro-industrial residues, and waste streams for PHA production. The integration of biorefinery concepts and circular economy principles in PHA manufacturing is also examined. This review is an attempt to provide an understanding of renewable substrates as feedstocks and emerging trends in PHA production by extremophilic bacteria. It underscores the pivotal role of extremophiles and sustainable feedstock sources in advancing the feasibility and eco-friendliness of PHAs as a promising biopolymer alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Możejko-Ciesielska
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Subhasree Ray
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Shivangi Sankhyan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
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6
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Piwowarek K, Lipińska E, Kieliszek M. Reprocessing of side-streams towards obtaining valuable bacterial metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2169-2208. [PMID: 36929188 PMCID: PMC10033485 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Every year, all over the world, the industry generates huge amounts of residues. Side-streams are most often used as feed, landfilled, incinerated, or discharged into sewage. These disposal methods are far from perfect. Taking into account the composition of the side-streams, it seems that they should be used as raw materials for further processing, in accordance with the zero-waste policy and sustainable development. The article describes the latest achievements in biotechnology in the context of bacterial reprocessing of residues with the simultaneous acquisition of their metabolites. The article focuses on four metabolites - bacterial cellulose, propionic acid, vitamin B12 and PHAs. Taking into account global trends (e.g. food, packaging, medicine), it seems that in the near future there will be a sharp increase in demand for this type of compounds. In order for their production to be profitable and commercialised, cheap methods of its obtaining must be developed. The article, in addition to obtaining these bacterial metabolites from side-streams, also discusses e.g. factors affecting their production, metabolic pathways and potential and current applications. The presented chapters provide a complete overview of the current knowledge on above metabolites, which can be helpful for the academic and scientific communities and the several industries. KEY POINTS: • The industry generates millions of tons of organic side-streams each year. • Generated residues burden the natural environment. • A good and cost-effective method of side-streams management seems to be biotechnology - reprocessing with the use of bacteria. • Biotechnological disposal of side-streams gives the opportunity to obtain valuable compounds in cheaper ways: BC, PA, vitmain B12, PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Lipińska
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Hung CM, Chen CW, Huang CP, Sheu DS, Dong CD. Metal-free catalysis for organic micropollutant degradation in waste activated sludge via poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) biopolymers using Cupriavidus sp. L7L coupled with peroxymonosulfate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127680. [PMID: 35878764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study employed a novel and environment-friendly biopolymer/oxidant catalytic system, viz., poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/peroxymonosulfate (PHB/PMS), for pretreating wastewater sludge for the first time. Under optimal conditions, i.e., 3.1 × 10-4 M of PMS and 3.3 g/L of PHB at pH = 6.0, the PAHs in the sludge matrix was decreased by 79 % in 12 h. Increase in salinity (75 % synthetic seawater) achieved 83 % of PAHs degradation. Functional groups (CO) of the biopolymer matrix were active centers for biopolymer-mediated electron transfer that produced reactive oxygen species (SO4-, HO, and 1O2) for adsorption and catalytic oxidation of PAHs in the sludge. Functional metagenomic analysis revealed the main genus, Conexibacter (phylum, Actinobacteria) exhibited PAH-degrading function with high efficiency in the biodegradation of PAHs from sludge pretreated with PHB/PMS. Coupling chemical oxidation and biostimulation using bacterial polymer-based biomaterials is effective and beneficial for pretreating wastewater sludge toward circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Der-Shyan Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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8
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Johnston B, Adamus G, Ekere AI, Kowalczuk M, Tchuenbou-Magaia F, Radecka I. Bioconversion of Plastic Waste Based on Mass Full Carbon Backbone Polymeric Materials to Value-Added Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090432. [PMID: 36134978 PMCID: PMC9496005 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article will discuss the ways in which various polymeric materials, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) can potentially be used to produce bioplastics, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) through microbial cultivation. We will present up-to-date information regarding notable microbial strains that are actively used in the biodegradation of polyolefins. We will also review some of the metabolic pathways involved in the process of plastic depolymerization and discuss challenges relevant to the valorization of plastic waste. The aim of this review is also to showcase the importance of methods, including oxidative degradation and microbial-based processes, that are currently being used in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology to limit the environmental burden of waste plastics. It is our hope that this article will contribute to the concept of bio-upcycling plastic waste to value-added products via microbial routes for a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Johnston
- Science in Industry Research Centre (SIRC), SciTech Innovation Hub, Wolverhampton Science Park, Glaisher Drive, Wolverhampton WV10 9RU, UK
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (I.R.)
| | - Grazyna Adamus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anabel Itohowo Ekere
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Iza Radecka
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (I.R.)
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9
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Chou HC, Chen CH, Chu HK, Huang CM, Wang HJ, Tu WL, Guo GL. The optimal combination of Nile red identification, colony polymerase chain reaction, and gas chromatography detection methods in screening for polyhydroxyalkanoicate-producing bacteria. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:312. [PMID: 35538332 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study devised a detection process combining Nile red-containing media, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gas chromatography (GC) to evaluate the possibility of microbes becoming polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producers. The Nile red and PCR detection steps of designating PHA producers had true positive rates of 39.4% and 40%, respectively, and the use of GC analysis as the final step yielded accurate results for the production types and yields of PHAs. When the number of screening samples was up to 102, connecting all three inspection methods in tandem generated economic benefits. When up to 105 samples were screened, the use of all three detection methods reduced the cost to 3% of the cost and the time consumed 6% of using just Nile red plus GC or PCR plus GC. However, when the sum of samples exceeded 108, the cost of combining the three methods exceeds 1 million US dollars and was excessive; here, the combination of Nile red plus PCR could be considered, even though the true positive rate was only 30.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Che Chou
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Kai Chu
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mei Huang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jun Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lin Tu
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Gia-Luen Guo
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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A Critical Review on the Economically Feasible and Sustainable Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Production from Alkyl Alcohols. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040670. [PMID: 35215584 PMCID: PMC8876610 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(3HB-co-3HV)) is the most studied short-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) with high application importance in various fields. The domination of high-cost propionate and valerate over other 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) precursors owing to their wide preference among PHA-producing bacteria has hindered the development of diverse production processes. As alkyl alcohols are mainly produced from inexpensive starting materials through oxo synthesis, they contribute a cost-effective advantage over propionate and valerate. Moreover, alkyl alcohols can be biosynthesized from natural substrates and organic wastes. Despite their great potential, their toxicity to most PHA-producing bacteria has been the major drawback for their wide implementation as 3HV precursors for decades. Although the standard PHA-producing bacteria Cupriavidus necator showed promising alcohol tolerance, the 3HV yield was discouraging. Continuous discovery of alkyl alcohols-utilizing PHA-producing bacteria has enabled broader choices in 3HV precursor selection for diverse P(3HB-co-3HV) production processes with higher economic feasibility. Besides continuous effort in searching for promising wild-type strains, genetic engineering to construct promising recombinant strains based on the understanding of the mechanisms involved in alkyl alcohols toxicity and tolerance is an alternative approach. However, more studies are required for techno-economic assessment to analyze the economic performance of alkyl alcohol-based production compared to that of organic acids.
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Peña-Ocaña BA, Ovando-Ovando CI, Puente-Sánchez F, Tamames J, Servín-Garcidueñas LE, González-Toril E, Gutiérrez-Sarmiento W, Jasso-Chávez R, Ruíz-Valdiviezo VM. Metagenomic and metabolic analyses of poly-extreme microbiome from an active crater volcano lake. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111862. [PMID: 34400165 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
El Chichón volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico. Previous studies have described its poly-extreme conditions and its bacterial composition, although the functional features of the complete microbiome have not been characterized yet. By using metabarcoding analysis, metagenomics, metabolomics and enzymology techniques, the microbiome of the crater lake was characterized in this study. New information is provided on the taxonomic and functional diversity of the representative Archaea phyla, Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota, as well as those that are representative of Bacteria, Thermotogales and Aquificae. With culture of microbial consortia and with the genetic information collected from the natural environment sampling, metabolic interactions were identified between prokaryotes, which can withstand multiple extreme conditions. The existence of a close relationship between the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur in an active volcano has been proposed, while the relationship in the energy metabolism of thermoacidophilic bacteria and archaea in this multi-extreme environment was biochemically revealed for the first time. These findings contribute towards understanding microbial metabolism under extreme conditions, and provide potential knowledge pertaining to "microbial dark matter", which can be applied to biotechnological processes and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Anaid Peña-Ocaña
- Tecnologico Nacional de México / IT de Tuxtla Gutierrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Fernando Puente-Sánchez
- Microbiome Analysis Laboratory, Systems Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Javier Tamames
- Microbiome Analysis Laboratory, Systems Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Jasso-Chávez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Obruča S, Dvořák P, Sedláček P, Koller M, Sedlář K, Pernicová I, Šafránek D. Polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesis by halophiles and thermophiles: towards sustainable production of microbial bioplastics. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 58:107906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Chavan S, Yadav B, Tyagi RD, Drogui P. A review on production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters by thermophilic microbes using waste feedstocks. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125900. [PMID: 34523565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are produced by numerous microbes as a subcellular energy source. Despite of their diverse applications, exorbitant production cost limits their commercial synthesis. Apart from various cost determining factors such as cost-effective feedstocks or economic recovery methods, the use of appropriate bacteria holds the key to reduce the fermentation economics. Extremophiles, especially thermophilic PHA producers, could make the bioprocess economically viable by reducing the production cost in several aspects. Using variety of waste feedstocks as carbon substrates could open the way for the valorisation of industrial waste streams and cost-effective PHA production. Therefore, the article critically reviews the current knowledge of the synthesis of PHA polyesters in thermophilic conditions. Additionally, it summarises several studies on thermophilic PHA producing bacteria grown on various waste substrates. To conclude, the paper focuses on screening and recovery methods as well as technical challenges in thermophilic PHA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Chavan
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Bhoomika Yadav
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - R D Tyagi
- School of Technology, Huzhou University, China; BOSK-Bioproducts, 100-399 rue Jacquard, Québec (QC) G1N 4J6, Canada.
| | - Patrick Drogui
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
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14
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Biotechnological Conversion of Grape Pomace to Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by Moderately Thermophilic Bacterium Tepidimonas taiwanensis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8100141. [PMID: 34677214 PMCID: PMC8533406 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are microbial polyesters that have recently come to the forefront of interest due to their biodegradability and production from renewable sources. A potential increase in competitiveness of PHA production process comes with a combination of the use of thermophilic bacteria with the mutual use of waste substrates. In this work, the thermophilic bacterium Tepidimonas taiwanensis LMG 22826 was identified as a promising PHA producer. The ability to produce PHA in T. taiwanensis was studied both on genotype and phenotype levels. The gene encoding the Class I PHA synthase, a crucial enzyme in PHA synthesis, was detected both by genome database search and by PCR. The microbial culture of T. taiwanensis was capable of efficient utilization of glucose and fructose. When cultivated on glucose as the only carbon source at 50 °C, the PHA titers reached up to 3.55 g/L, and PHA content in cell dry mass was 65%. The preference of fructose and glucose opens the possibility to employ T. taiwanensis for PHA production on various food wastes rich in these abundant sugars. In this work, PHA production on grape pomace extracts was successfully tested.
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15
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Thermostable cellulose saccharifying microbial enzymes: Characteristics, recent advances and biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:226-244. [PMID: 34371052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellulases play a promising role in the bioconversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars which are subsequently fermented to biofuels and other value-added chemicals. Besides biofuel industries, they are also in huge demand in textile, detergent, and paper and pulp industries. Low titres of cellulase production and processing are the main issues that contribute to high enzyme cost. The success of ethanol-based biorefinery depends on high production titres and the catalytic efficiency of cellulases functional at elevated temperatures with acid/alkali tolerance and the low cost. In view of their wider application in various industrial processes, stable cellulases that are active at elevated temperatures in the acidic-alkaline pH ranges, and organic solvents and salt tolerance would be useful. This review provides a recent update on the advances made in thermostable cellulases. Developments in their sources, characteristics and mechanisms are updated. Various methods such as rational design, directed evolution, synthetic & system biology and immobilization techniques adopted in evolving cellulases with ameliorated thermostability and characteristics are also discussed. The wide range of applications of thermostable cellulases in various industrial sectors is described.
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16
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Cestellos-Blanco S, Friedline S, Sander KB, Abel AJ, Kim JM, Clark DS, Arkin AP, Yang P. Production of PHB From CO 2-Derived Acetate With Minimal Processing Assessed for Space Biomanufacturing. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:700010. [PMID: 34394044 PMCID: PMC8355900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.700010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing life-support materials to crewed space exploration missions is pivotal for mission success. However, as missions become more distant and extensive, obtaining these materials from in situ resource utilization is paramount. The combination of microorganisms with electrochemical technologies offers a platform for the production of critical chemicals and materials from CO2 and H2O, two compounds accessible on a target destination like Mars. One such potential commodity is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), a common biopolyester targeted for additive manufacturing of durable goods. Here, we present an integrated two-module process for the production of PHB from CO2. An autotrophic Sporomusa ovata (S. ovata) process converts CO2 to acetate which is then directly used as the primary carbon source for aerobic PHB production by Cupriavidus basilensis (C. basilensis). The S. ovata uses H2 as a reducing equivalent to be generated through electrocatalytic solar-driven H2O reduction. Conserving and recycling media components is critical, therefore we have designed and optimized our process to require no purification or filtering of the cell culture media between microbial production steps which could result in up to 98% weight savings. By inspecting cell population dynamics during culturing we determined that C. basilensis suitably proliferates in the presence of inactive S. ovata. During the bioprocess 10.4 mmol acetate L -1 day-1 were generated from CO2 by S. ovata in the optimized media. Subsequently, 12.54 mg PHB L-1 hour-1 were produced by C. basilensis in the unprocessed media with an overall carbon yield of 11.06% from acetate. In order to illustrate a pathway to increase overall productivity and enable scaling of our bench-top process, we developed a model indicating key process parameters to optimize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cestellos-Blanco
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Skyler Friedline
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kyle B Sander
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Anthony J Abel
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Douglas S Clark
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Adam P Arkin
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Peidong Yang
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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17
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Obruca S, Sedlacek P, Koller M. The underexplored role of diverse stress factors in microbial biopolymer synthesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124767. [PMID: 33540213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are microbial polyesters which, apart from their primary storage role, enhance the stress robustness of PHA accumulating cells against various stressors. PHA also represent interesting alternatives to petrochemical polymers, which can be produced from renewable resources employing approaches of microbial biotechnology. During biotechnological processes, bacterial cells are exposed to various stressor factors such as fluctuations in temperature, osmolarity, pH-value, elevated pressure or the presence of microbial inhibitors. This review summarizes how PHA helps microbial cells to cope with biotechnological process-relevant stressors and, vice versa, how various stress conditions can affect PHA production processes. The review suggests a fundamentally new strategy for PHA production: the fine-tuned exposure to selected stressors, which might be used to boost PHA production and even to tailor their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Obruca
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Sedlacek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Koller
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/VI, 8010 Graz, Austria; ARENA Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Ressourcenschonende & Nachhaltige Technologien, Inffeldgasse 21b, 11 8010 Graz, Austria
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18
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Kourilova X, Pernicova I, Sedlar K, Musilova J, Sedlacek P, Kalina M, Koller M, Obruca S. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by a thermophilic strain of Schlegelella thermodepolymerans from xylose rich substrates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123885. [PMID: 32721829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the thermophilic bacterium Schelegelella thermodepolymerans DSM 15344 in terms of its polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) biosynthesis capacity. The bacterium is capable of converting various sugars into PHA with the optimal growth temperature of 55 °C; therefore, the process of PHA biosynthesis could be robust against contamination. Surprisingly, the highest yield was gained on xylose. Results suggested that S. thermodepolymerans possess unique xylose metabolism since xylose is utilized preferentially with the highest consumption rate as compared to other sugars. In the genome of S. thermodepolymerans DSM 15344, a unique putative xyl operon consisting of genes responsible for xylose utilization and also for its transport was identified, which is a unique feature among PHA producers. The bacterium is capable of biosynthesis of copolymers containing 3-hydroxybutyrate and also 3-hydroxyvalerate subunits. Hence, S.thermodepolymerans seems to be promising candidate for PHA production from xylose rich substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenie Kourilova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Pernicova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sedlar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Musilova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sedlacek
- Department of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kalina
- Department of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Koller
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/VI, 8010 Graz, Austria; ARENA Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Ressourcenschonende & Nachhaltige Technologien, Inffeldgasse 21b, 11 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stanislav Obruca
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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19
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Bacillus thermoamylovorans-Related Strain Isolated from High Temperature Sites as Potential Producers of Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA). Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3044-3056. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Meereboer K, Pal AK, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Sustainable PHBV/Cellulose Acetate Blends: Effect of a Chain Extender and a Plasticizer. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14221-14231. [PMID: 32596558 PMCID: PMC7315424 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and cellulose acetate (CA) were blended in the presence of a plasticizer, i.e., triethyl citrate (TEC), and a chain extender, i.e., poly(styrene-acrylic-co-glycidyl methacrylate). To increase the ductility and impact properties of PHBV and to investigate a new biodegradable PHBV-based blend for sustainable packaging, CA was compatibilized with TEC. PHBV and plasticized CA (pCA) blends showed complete immiscibility through separate glass transition and melting peak temperatures in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), despite the similar Hansen solubility parameters of PHBV, CA, and TEC, indicating partial miscibility. Phase separation between PHBV and pCA was clearly observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PHBV/pCA (70:30) blends had improved impact strength, exceeding that of neat PHBV and pCA, which is attributed to PHBV porosity induced by degradation from the high processing temperature. During processing, the plasticizer migrated from CA to PHBV and partially plasticized it, as evidenced through DSC analysis. The melt temperature of PHBV was reduced, which was confirmed by double melting peaks, representing the formation of secondary crystallites at a lower temperature. Due to processing at high temperatures (210-220 °C), significant porosity was observed in the PHBV/pCA 30:70 blend in SEM analysis. Consequently, the impact strength was improved by 110% as compared to that of virgin PHBV. The addition of CE had no effect on the mechanical properties but did make the PHBV/pCA blends morphologically uniform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjeld
W. Meereboer
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Crop Science
Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Akhilesh K. Pal
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Crop Science
Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Crop Science
Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Crop Science
Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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21
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Pernicova I, Novackova I, Sedlacek P, Kourilova X, Kalina M, Kovalcik A, Koller M, Nebesarova J, Krzyzanek V, Hrubanova K, Masilko J, Slaninova E, Obruca S. Introducing the Newly Isolated Bacterium Aneurinibacillus sp. H1 as an Auspicious Thermophilic Producer of Various Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) Copolymers-1. Isolation and Characterization of the Bacterium. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061235. [PMID: 32485983 PMCID: PMC7362256 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophilic microorganisms are considered being very promising candidates for biotechnological production of various products including polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). The aim of this work was to evaluate the PHA production potential of a novel PHA-producing thermophilic Gram-positive isolate Aneurinibacillus sp. H1. This organism was capable of efficient conversion of glycerol into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB), the homopolyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB). In flasks experiment, under optimal cultivation temperature of 45 °C, the P3HB content in biomass and P3HB titers reached 55.31% of cell dry mass and 2.03 g/L, respectively. Further, the isolate was capable of biosynthesis of PHA copolymers and terpolymers containing high molar fractions of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) and 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB). Especially 4HB contents in PHA were very high (up to 91 mol %) when 1,4-butanediol was used as a substrate. Based on these results, it can be stated that Aneurinibacillus sp. H1 is a very promising candidate for production of PHA with tailored material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Pernicova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (I.N.); (P.S.); (X.K.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (J.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Ivana Novackova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (I.N.); (P.S.); (X.K.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (J.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Petr Sedlacek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (I.N.); (P.S.); (X.K.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (J.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Xenie Kourilova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (I.N.); (P.S.); (X.K.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (J.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Michal Kalina
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (I.N.); (P.S.); (X.K.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (J.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Adriana Kovalcik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (I.N.); (P.S.); (X.K.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (J.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Martin Koller
- Office of Research and Management, c/o Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/VI, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- ARENA Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Ressourcenschonende & Nachhaltige Technologien, Inffeldgasse 21b, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jana Nebesarova
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Krzyzanek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Kamila Hrubanova
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Jiri Masilko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (I.N.); (P.S.); (X.K.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (J.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Slaninova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (I.N.); (P.S.); (X.K.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (J.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Stanislav Obruca
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (I.N.); (P.S.); (X.K.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (J.M.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-541-149-354
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22
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Metabolic engineering for the synthesis of polyesters: A 100-year journey from polyhydroxyalkanoates to non-natural microbial polyesters. Metab Eng 2020; 58:47-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Application of osmotic challenge for enrichment of microbial consortia in polyhydroxyalkanoates producing thermophilic and thermotolerant bacteria and their subsequent isolation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:698-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Kumar V, Kumar S, Singh D. Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates from extreme niches: Bioprospection status, opportunities and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 147:1255-1267. [PMID: 31739043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Extreme niches are offered with unusual physiochemical conditions that impose stress to the life-forms including microbial communities. Microbes have evolved unique physiology and genetics to interact dynamically with extreme environments for their adaptation and survival. Amongst the several adaptive features of microbes in stressed conditions, polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesis is a crucial strategy of many bacteria and archaea to reserve carbon and energy inside the cell. Apart from the relevance of PHA to microbial world, these intracellular polyesters are seen as essential biological macromolecules for the bio-material industry owing to their plastic-like properties, biodegradable and eco-friendly nature. Recently, much attention has been attracted by the microbes of extreme habitats for a new source of industrially suited PHA producers and novel PHA with unique properties. Therefore, the current review is focused on the critical evaluation of microbes from extreme niches for PHA production and opportunities for the development of commercially feasible PHA bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Dharam Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India.
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25
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Zheng Y, Chen JC, Ma YM, Chen GQ. Engineering biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) for diversity and cost reduction. Metab Eng 2019; 58:82-93. [PMID: 31302223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PHA, a family of natural biopolymers aiming to replace non-degradable plastics for short-term usages, has been developed to include various structures such as short-chain-length (scl) and medium-chain-length (mcl) monomers as well as their copolymers. However, PHA market has been grown slowly since 1980s due to limited variety with good mechanical properties and the high production cost. Here, we review most updated strategies or approaches including metabolic engineering, synthetic biology and morphology engineering on expanding PHA diversity, reducing production cost and enhancing PHA production. The extremophilic Halomonas spp. are taken as examples to show the feasibility and challenges to develop next generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB) for producing PHA more competitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jin-Chun Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yi-Ming Ma
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Center for Nano- and Micro-Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Dept of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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26
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Luangthongkam P, Laycock B, Evans P, Lant P, Pratt S. Thermophilic production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydrovalerate) by a mixed methane-utilizing culture. N Biotechnol 2019; 53:49-56. [PMID: 31276815 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from methane is limited to mesophiles and thus suffers from high energy requirements for cooling. To address this issue, the use of thermophilic processes is gaining interest, as this strategy may deliver improved economic feasibility for PHA production. This study reports the first thermophilic PHA-producing culture grown on methane at 55 °C in fill-and-draw batch reactors. Harvested cells were incubated with various combinations of methane, propionic acid and valeric acid to assess their capacity for the synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Only PHB was produced when fed with methane alone. The addition of odd-carbon-number fatty acids resulted in higher PHA content with 3 HV fractions in the range of 15-99 mol%, depending on the types of fatty acids added. Acetic acid addition enhanced the synthesis of 3HB monomer, but not of 3 HV. On increasing the temperature to 58 °C, PHA productivity was not significantly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawarisa Luangthongkam
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Laycock
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Evans
- The Australian Centre for Ecogenomics (ACE), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Lant
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Steven Pratt
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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Porras MA, Ramos FD, Diaz MS, Cubitto MA, Villar MA. Modeling the bioconversion of starch to P(HB-co-HV) optimized by experimental design using Bacillus megaterium BBST4 strain. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:1185-1202. [PMID: 29243993 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1418436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (P(HB-co-HV)) is a prominent biopolymer as a potential candidate for use in the biomedical area. Several Bacillus spp. strains show promising characteristics in the use of several carbon sources and are an interesting alternative for the production of P(HB-co-HV). Sewage from the agricultural and food processing industries can be used to obtain abundantly starch as a carbon source for PHA production. The aim of the present study was to optimize by response surface methodology and desirability, the production of PHA by a Bacillus megaterium strain using starch as the sole carbon source. Two optimal conditions were determined without sporulation and were used to perform new experiments to calibrate and validate a mechanistic model, developed to simulate the dynamics of PHA and biomass production. The developed model successfully represents the kinetics of the microorganism. Employing different characterization techniques, it was determined that the PHA produced by the strain is a copolymer composed of different HB:HV proportions. Using starch as the sole carbon source in a minimal salt medium, this work shows the first reports in the literature of: 1) a mathematical model for predicting growth kinetic and PHA production for B. megaterium strain and 2) a Bacillus spp. producing P(HB-co-HV) copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A Porras
- a Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional del Sur , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
- b Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química, PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET) , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
| | - Fernando D Ramos
- b Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química, PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET) , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
- c Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Sur , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
| | - María S Diaz
- b Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química, PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET) , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
- c Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Sur , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
| | - María A Cubitto
- a Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional del Sur , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
- d Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida, CERZOS (UNS-CONICET) , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
| | - Marcelo A Villar
- b Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química, PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET) , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
- c Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Sur , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
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Cultivation temperature modulated the monomer composition and polymer properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesized by Cupriavidus sp. L7L from levulinate as sole carbon source. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1558-1564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Biglari N, Ganjali Dashti M, Abdeshahian P, Orita I, Fukui T, Sudesh K. Enhancement of bioplastic polyhydroxybutyrate P(3HB) production from glucose by newly engineered strain Cupriavidus necator NSDG-GG using response surface methodology. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:330. [PMID: 30073115 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to enhance production of polyhydroxybutyrate P(3HB) by a newly engineered strain of Cupriavidus necator NSDG-GG by applying response surface methodology (RSM). From initial experiment of one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), glucose and urea were found to be the most significant substrates as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for the production of P(3HB). OFAT experiment results showed that the maximum biomass, P(3HB) content, and P(3HB) concentration of 8.95 g/L, 76 wt%, and 6.80 g/L were achieved at 25 g/L glucose and 0.54 g/L urea with an agitation rate of 200 rpm at 30 °C after 48 h. In this study, RSM was applied to optimize the three key variables (glucose concentration, urea concentration, and agitation speed) at a time to obtain optimal conditions in a multivariable system. Fermentation experiments were conducted in shaking flask by cultivation of C. necator NSDG-GG using various glucose concentrations (10-50 g/L), urea concentrations (0.27-0.73 g/L), and agitation speeds (150-250 rpm). The interaction between the variables studied was analyzed by ANOVA analysis. The RSM results indicated that the optimum cultivation conditions were 37.70 g/L glucose, 0.73 g/L urea, and 200 rpm agitation speed. The validation experiments under optimum conditions produced the highest biomass of 12.84 g/L, P(3HB) content of 92.16 wt%, and P(3HB) concentration of 11.83 g/L. RSM was found to be an efficient method in enhancing the production of biomass, P(3HB) content, and P(3HB) concentration by 43, 21, and 74%, respectively.
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Involvement of polyhydroxyalkanoates in stress resistance of microbial cells: Biotechnological consequences and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:856-870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Bayrami S, Esmaili Z, SeyedAlinaghi S, Jamali Moghadam SR, Bayrami S, Akbari Javar H, Rafiee Tehrani M, Dorkoosh FA. Fabrication of long-acting insulin formulation based on poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanoparticles: preparation, optimization, characterization, and in vitro evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:176-188. [PMID: 29557733 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1452936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samane Bayrami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Esmaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sepide Bayrami
- Faculty of Bioscience, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Rafiee Tehrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abedin Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Biomaterial Research Centre (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Takahashi RYU, Castilho NAS, Silva MACD, Miotto MC, Lima AODS. Prospecting for Marine Bacteria for Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production on Low-Cost Substrates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4030060. [PMID: 28952539 PMCID: PMC5615306 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a class of biopolymers with numerous applications, but the high cost of production has prevented their use. To reduce this cost, there is a prospect for strains with a high PHA production and the ability to grow in low-cost by-products. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate marine bacteria capable of producing PHA. Using Nile red, 30 organisms among 155 were identified as PHA producers in the medium containing starch, and 27, 33, 22 and 10 strains were found to be positive in media supplemented with carboxymethyl cellulose, glycerol, glucose and Tween 80, respectively. Among the organisms studied, two isolates, LAMA 677 and LAMA 685, showed strong potential to produce PHA with the use of glycerol as the carbon source, and were selected for further studies. In the experiment used to characterize the growth kinetics, LAMA 677 presented a higher maximum specific growth rate (µmax = 0.087 h−1) than LAMA 685 (µmax = 0.049 h−1). LAMA 677 also reached a D-3-hydroxybutyrate (P(3HB)) content of 78.63% (dry biomass), which was 3.5 times higher than that of LAMA 685. In the assay of the production of P(3HB) from low-cost substrates (seawater and biodiesel waste glycerol), LAMA 677 reached a polymer content of 31.7%, while LAMA 685 reached 53.6%. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the selected marine strains have the potential to produce PHA, and seawater and waste glycerol may be alternative substrates for the production of this polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Yoji Uwamori Takahashi
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, Itajaí-SC 88302-202, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcus Adonai Castro da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, Itajaí-SC 88302-202, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cecilia Miotto
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, Itajaí-SC 88302-202, Brazil.
| | - André Oliveira de Souza Lima
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, Itajaí-SC 88302-202, Brazil.
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Recent Advances and Challenges towards Sustainable Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4020055. [PMID: 28952534 PMCID: PMC5590474 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable biofuels, biomaterials, and fine chemicals production is a critical matter that research teams around the globe are focusing on nowadays. Polyhydroxyalkanoates represent one of the biomaterials of the future due to their physicochemical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Designing efficient and economic bioprocesses, combined with the respective social and environmental benefits, has brought together scientists from different backgrounds highlighting the multidisciplinary character of such a venture. In the current review, challenges and opportunities regarding polyhydroxyalkanoate production are presented and discussed, covering key steps of their overall production process by applying pure and mixed culture biotechnology, from raw bioprocess development to downstream processing.
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Effective enhancement of hydroxyvalerate content of PHBV in Cupriavidus necator and its characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:397-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hsiao LJ, Lin JH, Sankatumvong P, Wu TM, Li SY. The Feasibility of Thermophilic Caldimonas manganoxidans as a Platform for Efficient PHB Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:852-871. [PMID: 27230570 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) has been found in a few thermophilic strains where several advantages can be gained from running fermentation at high temperatures. Caldimonas manganoxidans, a thermophilic gram-negative bacterium, was investigated for the feasibility as a PHB-producing strain. It is suggested that the best fermentation strategy for achieving the highest PHB concentration of 5.4 ± 1.1 g/L (from 20 g/L glucose) in 24 h is to use the fermentation conditions that are favored for the bacterial growth, yet temperature and pH should be chosen at conditions that are favored for the PHB content. Besides, the above fermentation conditions produce PHB that has a high molecular weight of 1274 kDa with a low polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.45, where the highest Mw of PHB of 1399 kDa (PDI of 1.32) is obtained in this study. To the best knowledge of authors, C. manganoxidans has the best PHB productivity among the thermophiles and is comparable to those common PHB-producing mesophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hong Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Pantitra Sankatumvong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Ming Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Carbon-rich wastes as feedstocks for biodegradable polymer (polyhydroxyalkanoate) production using bacteria. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 84:139-200. [PMID: 23763760 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407673-0.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Research into the production of biodegradable polymers has been driven by vision for the most part from changes in policy, in Europe and America. These policies have their origins in the Brundtland Report of 1987, which provides a platform for a more sustainable society. Biodegradable polymers are part of the emerging portfolio of renewable raw materials seeking to deliver environmental, social, and economic benefits. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally-occurring biodegradable-polyesters accumulated by bacteria usually in response to inorganic nutrient limitation in the presence of excess carbon. Most of the early research into PHA accumulation and technology development for industrial-scale production was undertaken using virgin starting materials. For example, polyhydroxybutyrate and copolymers such as polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate are produced today at industrial scale from corn-derived glucose. However, in recent years, research has been undertaken to convert domestic and industrial wastes to PHA. These wastes in today's context are residuals seen by a growing body of stakeholders as platform resources for a biobased society. In the present review, we consider residuals from food, plastic, forest and lignocellulosic, and biodiesel manufacturing (glycerol). Thus, this review seeks to gain perspective of opportunities from literature reporting the production of PHA from carbon-rich residuals as feedstocks. A discussion on approaches and context for PHA production with reference to pure- and mixed-culture technologies is provided. Literature reports advocate results of the promise of waste conversion to PHA. However, the vast majority of studies on waste to PHA is at laboratory scale. The questions of surmounting the technical and political hurdles to industrialization are generally left unanswered. There are a limited number of studies that have progressed into fermentors and a dearth of pilot-scale demonstration. A number of fermentation studies show that biomass and PHA productivity can be increased, and sometimes dramatically, in a fermentor. The relevant application-specific properties of the polymers from the wastes studied and the effect of altered-waste composition on polymer properties are generally not well reported and would greatly benefit the progress of the research as high productivity is of limited value without the context of requisite case-specific polymer properties. The proposed use of a waste residual is advantageous from a life cycle viewpoint as it removes the direct or indirect effect of PHA production on land usage and food production. However, the question, of how economic drivers will promote or hinder advancements to demonstration scale, when wastes generally become understood as resources for a biobased society, hangs today in the balance due to a lack of shared vision and the legacy of mistakes made with first generation bioproducts.
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Rezaie Shirmard L, Bahari Javan N, Khoshayand MR, Kebriaee-zadeh A, Dinarvand R, Dorkoosh FA. Nanoparticulate fingolimod delivery system based on biodegradable poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV): design, optimization, characterization and in-vitro evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 22:860-870. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1108982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rezaie Shirmard
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Nika Bahari Javan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Mohammad Reza Khoshayand
- Department of Drug and Food Control and Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Abbas Kebriaee-zadeh
- Department of Pharmacoeconomy and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Farid A. Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
- Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xiao Z, Zhang Y, Xi L, Huo F, Zhao JY, Li J. Thermophilic production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by a novel Aneurinibacillus strain isolated from Gudao oilfield, China. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1125-33. [PMID: 25832555 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are usually biosynthesized using mesophilic strains, but the fermentation processes often suffer from bacterial contamination. This work reports the screening of thermophilic bacteria capable of producing PHAs under elevated temperatures to reduce the contamination risk. Strain XH2 was isolated from an oilfield and identified as Aneurinibacillus sp. by morphology, physiological-biochemical characterization, and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. This strain can produce PHA granules, which was detected by Nile red staining and transmission electron microscopic imaging. At 55 °C, 111.6 mg l(-1) of PHA was produced in a fermentation medium containing glucose, peptone, and yeast extract. If peptone was removed from the medium, the yield of PHA would be enhanced by 2.4 times. The main monomers of the PHA product were identified to be 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate with a molar ratio of 17.2:1 by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Two minor homologues, 3-hydroxyoctanoate, and 3-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoate, were tentatively identified by GC-MS as well. This is the first report of thermophilic PHA bacterial producer from the Firmicutes phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering & Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering & Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering & Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangfang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering & Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering & Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering & Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
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Berezina N, Yada B, Lefebvre R. From organic pollutants to bioplastics: insights into the bioremediation of aromatic compounds by Cupriavidus necator. N Biotechnol 2014; 32:47-53. [PMID: 25252021 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Organic pollution by aromatic compounds is of increasing concern to our environment. Therefore, the transformation of aromatic pollutants into valuable aliphatic and biodegradable bioplastics was studied. Since benzoic acid was found to be the key compound for such bioremediation processes, its transformation, and metabolic pathways of digestion, by Cupriavidus necator were specifically analysed. It was found that the degradation of aromatic compounds follows the 2,3-dioxygenase pathway in this strain and that the batch transformations of benzoic acid with either fresh or adapted cells were limited to an initial concentration of 2.5 g/L of pollutant. The repeated fed-batch with partial withdrawal process, however, showed a 17.5-fold improvement, thus allowing the transformation of a total of 43.7 g/L in 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Berezina
- Materia Nova R&D Centre, Rue des Foudriers, 1, 7822 Ghislenghien, Belgium.
| | - Bopha Yada
- Materia Nova R&D Centre, Rue des Foudriers, 1, 7822 Ghislenghien, Belgium
| | - Rodrigue Lefebvre
- Materia Nova R&D Centre, Rue des Foudriers, 1, 7822 Ghislenghien, Belgium
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Ali I, Jamil N. ENHANCED BIOSYNTHESIS OF POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE) FROM POTATO STARCH BYBacillus cereusSTRAIN 64-INS IN A LABORATORY-SCALE FERMENTER. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 44:822-33. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.867876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Han X, Satoh Y, Kuriki Y, Seino T, Fujita S, Suda T, Kobayashi T, Tajima K. Polyhydroxyalkanoate production by a novel bacterium Massilia sp. UMI-21 isolated from seaweed, and molecular cloning of its polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:514-9. [PMID: 24932969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We successfully isolated one microorganism (UMI-21) from Ulva, a green algae that contains starch. The strain UMI-21 can produce polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from starch, maltotriose, or maltose as a sole carbon source. Taxonomic studies and 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that strain UMI-21 was phylogenetically related to species of the genus Massilia. The PHA content under the cultivation condition using a 10-L jar fermentor was 45.5% (w/w). This value was higher than that obtained after cultivation in a flask, suggesting the possibility of large-scale PHA production by UMI-21 from starch. A major issue for the industrial production of microbial PHAs is the very high production cost. Starch is a relatively inexpensive substrate that is also found in abundant seaweeds such as Ulva. Therefore, the strain isolated in this study may be very useful for producing PHA from seaweeds containing polysaccharides such as starch. In addition, a 3.7-kbp DNA fragment containing the whole PHA synthase gene (phaC) was obtained from the strain UMI-21. The results of open reading frame (ORF) analysis suggested that the DNA fragment contained two ORFs, which were composed of 1740 (phaC) and 564 bp (phaR). The deduced amino acid sequence of PhaC from strain UMI-21 shared high similarity with PhaC from Ralstonia eutropha, which is a representative PHA-producing bacterium with a class I PHA synthase. This is the first report for the cloning of the PHA synthase gene from Massilia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Han
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yumi Kuriki
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Seino
- Hakodate National College of Technology, 14-1 Tokura-chou, Hakodate 042-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Fujita
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-4 Bunkyo-chou, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takanori Suda
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takanori Kobayashi
- Hokkaido Industrial Technology Center, 379 Kikyou-chou, Hakodate 041-0801, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
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Valentini L, Cardinali M, Kenny J. Flexible triboelectric generator and pressure sensor based on poly[(R
)-3-hydroxybutyric acid] biopolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valentini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; University of Perugia; Strada di Pentima 4 05100 Terni Italy
- Local Research Unit; INSTM Consortium for Materials Science and Technology; Via Giusti 9 50121 Firenze Italy
| | - Marta Cardinali
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; University of Perugia; Strada di Pentima 4 05100 Terni Italy
- Local Research Unit; INSTM Consortium for Materials Science and Technology; Via Giusti 9 50121 Firenze Italy
| | - Josè Kenny
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; University of Perugia; Strada di Pentima 4 05100 Terni Italy
- Local Research Unit; INSTM Consortium for Materials Science and Technology; Via Giusti 9 50121 Firenze Italy
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Polimeros; CSIC; Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
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Comparative study on the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by thermophilic Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1: a good candidate for large-scale production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3965-74. [PMID: 24477383 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In spite of numerous advantages on operating fermentation at elevated temperatures, very few thermophilic bacteria with polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)-accumulating ability have yet been found in contrast to the tremendous mesophiles with the same ability. In this study, a thermophilic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-accumulating bacteria (Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1), isolated from the biofilm of a biotrickling filter used for NOx removal, was extensively investigated and compared to other PHB-accumulating bacteria. The results demonstrate that C. daeguensis TAD1 is a growth-associated PHB-accumulating bacterium without obvious nutrient limitation, which was capable of accumulating PHB up to 83.6 % of cell dry weight (CDW, w/w) within just 24 h at 45 °C from glucose. Surprisingly, the PHB production of C. daeguensis TAD1 exhibited strong tolerance to high heat stress as well as nitrogen loads compared to that of other PHB-accumulating bacterium, while the optimal PHB amount (3.44 ± 0.3 g l(-1)) occurred at 50 °C and C/N = 30 (molar) with glucose as the sole carbon source. In addition, C. daeguensis TAD1 could effectively utilize various cheap substrates (starch or glycerol) for PHB production without pre-hydrolyzed, particularly the glycerol, exhibiting the highest product yield (Y P/S, 0.26 g PHB per gram substrate used) as well as PHB content (80.4 % of CDW, w/w) compared to other carbon sources. Consequently, C. daeguensis TAD1 is a viable candidate for large-scale production of PHB via utilizing starch or glycerol as the raw materials.
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Mutations derived from the thermophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase PhaC enhance the thermostability and activity of PhaC from Cupriavidus necator H16. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:2620-9. [PMID: 22408158 DOI: 10.1128/jb.06543-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermophile Cupriavidus sp. strain S-6 accumulated polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from glucose at 50°C. A 9.0-kbp EcoRI fragment cloned from the genomic DNA of Cupriavidus sp. S-6 enabled Escherichia coli XL1-Blue to synthesize PHB at 45°C. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed a pha locus in the clone. The thermophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase (PhaC(Csp)) shared 81% identity with mesophilic PhaC of Cupriavidus necator H16. The diversity between these two strains was found dominantly on their N and C termini, while the middle regions were highly homologous (92% identity). We constructed four chimeras of mesophilic and thermophilic phaC genes to explore the mutations related to its thermostability. Among the chimeras, only PhaC(H16β), which was PhaC(H16) bearing 30 point mutations derived from the middle region of PhaC(Csp), accumulated a high content of PHB (65% [dry weight]) at 45°C. The chimera phaC(H16)(β) and two parental PHA synthase genes were overexpressed in E. coli BLR(DE3) cells and purified. At 30°C, the specific activity of the chimera PhaC(H16β) (172 ± 17.8 U/mg) was 3.45-fold higher than that of the parental enzyme PhaC(H16) (50 ± 5.2 U/mg). At 45°C, the half-life of the chimera PhaC(H16β) (11.2 h) was 127-fold longer than that of PhaC(H16) (5.3 min). Furthermore, the chimera PhaC(H16β) accumulated 1.55-fold (59% [dry weight]) more PHA content than the parental enzyme PhaC(H16) (38% [dry weight]) at 37°C. This study reveals a limited number of point mutations which enhance not only thermostability but also PhaC(H16) activity. The highly thermostable and active PHA synthase will provide advantages for its promising applications to in vitro PHA synthesis and recombinant E. coli PHA fermentation.
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Shantini K, Yahya ARM, Amirul AA. Empirical modeling development for integrated process optimization of poly(3-hydrxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) production. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Berezina N. Enhancing the 3-hydroxyvalerate component in bioplastic PHBV production by Cupriavidus necator. Biotechnol J 2011; 7:304-9. [PMID: 21905226 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the current context of global warming, the substitution of conventional plastics with bioplastics is a challenge. To take up this challenge, we must meet different technical and economic constraints. In the case of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), the technical properties can be modulated by varying the 3-hydroxyvalerate content. 3-Hydroxyvalerate (3-HV) enhancement is an issue; therefore, simultaneous evaluation of several 3-hydroxyvalerate-enhancing substrates through fractional factorial design of experiments is described. Eight substrates citric, valeric, propionic, and levulinic acids; propanol; pentanol; and sodium propionate were studied for 3-HV enhancement, and sodium glutamate was studied for biomass and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) enhancement. The most efficient 3-hydroxyvalerate-enhancing factors were levulinic acid, sodium propionate, and pentanol; however, pentanol, at a concentration of 1 g/L, had an extremely negative influence on biomass production and the PHA content of cells. The effect of the inoculum nutrient composition on the final 3-HVcontent was also evaluated. These results showed that the most efficient combination for the production of high 3-HVcontent in PHBV was primary inoculum growth on mineral medium followed by fermentation for 48 h with levulinic acid and sodium propionate (at 1 g/L) as the only carbon sources. This allowed us to produce PHBV with a 3-HVcontent of 80 mol % and overall volumetric and specific productivities of 2 mg/L/h and 3.9 mg/g(CDW) /h, respectively, with the addition of only 2 g/L of inducing substances.
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Hanafy TA, Elbanna K, El-Sayed S, Hassen A. Dielectric relaxation analysis of biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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González-García Y, Rosales MA, González-Reynoso O, Sanjuán-Dueñas R, Córdova J. Polyhydroxybutyrate production by Saccharophagus degradans using raw starch as carbon source. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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High-Cell-Density Cyclic Fed-Batch Fermentation of a Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Accumulating Thermophile,
Chelatococcus
sp. Strain MW10. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:7890-5. [DOI: 10.1128/aem.01488-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Different fermentation strategies were employed for the cultivation of a new poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-accumulating thermophilic bacterium,
Chelatococcus
sp. strain MW10, with the aim of achieving high-cell-density (HCD) growth and high poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [poly(3HB)] productivity. Enhanced cultivation was achieved by a cyclic fed-batch fermentation (CFBF) technique (42-liter scale). Maximal poly(3HB) productivity was obtained during the second cycle [16.8 ± 4.2 g poly(3HB)/liter]. At the end of CFBF (265 h), an HCD of up to 115.0 ± 4.3 g cell dry weight/liter was achieved.
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Ibrahim M, Willems A, Steinbüchel A. Isolation and characterization of new poly(3HB)-accumulating star-shaped cell-aggregates-forming thermophilic bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1579-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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