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Wang N, Chen HQ, Zeng Y, Shi Y, Zhang Z, Li JY, Zhou SM, Li YW, Deng SW, Han X, Zhou ZY, Yao ML, Liu WB. Benzo(a)pyrene promotes the malignant progression of malignant-transformed BEAS-2B cells by regulating YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 to inhibit ferroptosis. Toxicology 2024; 507:153886. [PMID: 39002880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is associated with the development of lung cancer, but the underlying mechanism has not been completely clarified. Here, we used 10 μM BaP to induce malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, named BEAS-2B-T. Results indicated that BaP (6.25, 12.5 and 25 μM) treatment significantly promoted the migration and invasion of BEAS-2B-T cells. Meanwhile, BaP exposure inhibited ferroptosis in BEAS-2B-T, ferroptosis-related indexes Fe2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased significantly. The protein level of ferroptosis-related molecule transferrin receptor (TFRC) decreased significantly, while solute carrier family 7 membrane 11 (SLC7A11), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) increased significantly. The intervention of ferroptosis dramatically effected the migration and invasion of BEAS-2B-T induced by BaP. Furthermore, the expression of YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) was markedly increased after BaP exposure. YTHDF1 knockdown inhibited BEAS-2B-T migration and invasion by promoting ferroptosis. In the meantime, the contents of Fe2+, MDA, LPO and ROS increased significantly, TFRC was markedly increased, and SLC7A11, FTH1, and GPX4 were markedly decreased. Moreover, overexpression of YTHDF1 promoted BEAS-2B-T migration and invasion by inhibiting ferroptosis. Importantly, knockdown of YTHDF1 promoted ferroptosis and reduced BEAS-2B-T migration and invasion during BaP exposure, and overexpression of YTHDF1 increased migration and invasion of BEAS-2B-T by inhibiting ferroptosis during BaP exposure. RNA immunoprecipitation assays indicated that the binding of YTHDF1 to SLC7A11 and FTH1 markedly increased after YTHDF1 overexpression. Therefore, we concluded that BaP promotes the malignant progression of BEAS-2B-T cells through YTHDF1 upregulating SLC7A11 and FTH1 to inhibit ferroptosis. This study reveals new epigenetic and ferroptosis markers for preventing and treating lung cancer induced by environmental carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jiang-Ying Li
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Shi-Meng Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ya-Wen Li
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuang-Wu Deng
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health and Preventive Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mao-Lin Yao
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China.
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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2
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Edenius M, Farbrot A, Blom A, Celander MC. Delayed clearance of the pro-carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene in PLHC-1 cells when co-exposed to the antifungal drug clotrimazole and effects on the CYP1A biomarker. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105767. [PMID: 38122908 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1 A (CYP1A) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in animals, and a biomarker for environmental PAH exposure. The common antimycotic imidazole drug clotrimazole (CLO) has been detected in the aquatic environment and likely co-exists with BaP. Like BaP, CLO can bind to CYP1A enzymes and can act as a CYP1A inhibitor. Co-exposure of BaP with CLO significantly delayed BaP elimination in a fish liver cell line (PLHC-1). Intracellular BaP concentration was 2.4 times higher after 6 h in co-exposed cells, compared to cells exposed to BaP alone. Higher BaP concentrations in cells co-exposed to CLO positively correlated with CLO dose, indicating CLO-mediated delays in BaP clearance. After 24 h, BaP was undetectable irrespective of CLO co-exposure. In contrast, intracellular CLO concentrations remained constant over the 72 h experimental period. Co-exposure of BaP with CLO caused synergistic and time-dependent increases on the CYP1A biomarker both on CYP1A mRNA levels and on CYP1A enzyme activity, in accordance with an apparent delayed BaP elimination in the presence of CLO. These results indicate a toxicokinetic interaction between BaP and CLO on the CYP1A enzyme that delays metabolic clearance of BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Edenius
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Farbrot
- Occupational and Environment Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anders Blom
- Occupational and Environment Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Kovalent AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Malin C Celander
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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3
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Goyal SP, Maurya R, Mishra V, Kondepudi KK, Saravanan C. Ameliorative potential of synbiotic combination of Lactobacillus sp. and polyphenols against Benzo[a]pyrene-induced toxicity in Caco-2 cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140891. [PMID: 38101482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a major global food safety concern, is often associated with increasing incidence of colorectal cancers. This in-vitro study was focused on the identification of potential B[a]P-adsorbing Lactobacillus strains and evaluation of the ameliorative effect of synbiotic combination of selected Lactobacillus sp. and polyphenols (quercetin or resveratrol) against B[a]P-induced intestinal toxicity in Caco-2 cells. Preliminary studies lead to the selection of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MTCC 25433 strain that showed 86% of B[a]P adsorption in 2 h as compared to L. rhamnosus GG that showed 74% of B[a]P adsorption. B[a]P adsorption by MTCC 25433 was reduced to 9%, 16% and 20% upon pre-treatment with SDS, NaIO4 and mutanolysin, attributing the involvement of cell wall proteins and polysaccharides in the adsorption. Additionally, peptidoglycan of both strains adsorbed >50% of B[a]P. In-vitro assays revealed that the selected LAB mitigated the B[a]P-induced epithelial cell damage. Among the polyphenols, quercetin, resveratrol and curcumin, varied in their potency to mitigate B[a]P-induced oxidative stress, with curcumin being least effective. Combinations of selected Lactobacillus sp. and polyphenols were more potent in averting B[a]P-induced toxicity via increase in GSH (17-30 %), SOD (50-88 %), catalase (19-45 %), and reduction in IL-8 secretion (14-28 %) and barrier dysfunction. Principal component analysis affirmed the superior potency of combination of L. plantarum MTCC 25433 and quercetin in averting B[a]P-induced toxicity. Overall, this study highlighted a novel promising strategy of synbiotic combination of Lactobacillus sp. and polyphenols (quercetin or resveratrol) in alleviating the B[a]P-induced toxicity in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Popli Goyal
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India
| | - Ruchika Maurya
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Vijendra Mishra
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Chakkaravarthi Saravanan
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India.
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Liu A, Li X, Zhou L, Yan X, Xia N, Song Z, Cao J, Hao Z, Zhang Z, Liang R, Zhang H. BPDE-DNA adduct formation and alterations of mRNA, protein, and DNA methylation of CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 induced by benzo[a]pyrene and the intervention of aspirin in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106549-106561. [PMID: 37730975 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), one typical environmental pollutant, the toxicity mechanisms, and potential prevention remain perplexing. Available evidence suggests cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) metabolize B[a]P, resulting in metabolic activation and detoxification of B[a]P. This study aimed to reveal the impact of B[a]P exposure on trans-7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxide DNA (BPDE-DNA) adduct formation, level of CYP1A1, glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) and glutathione S-transferase mu1 (GSTM1) mRNA, protein and DNA methylation in mice, and the potential prevention of aspirin (ASP). This study firstly determined the BPDE-DNA adduct formation in an acute toxicity test of a large dose in mice induced by B[a]P, which subsequently detected CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 at levels of mRNA, protein, and DNA methylation in the organs of mice in a subacute toxicity test at appropriate doses and the potential prevention of ASP, using the methods of real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR), western blotting, and real-time methylation-specific PCR (MSP), respectively. The results verified that B[a]P induced the formation of BPDE-DNA adduct in all the organs of mice in an acute toxicity test, and the order of concentration of which was lung > kidney > liver > brain. In a subacute toxicity test, following B[a]P treatment, mice showed a dose-dependent slowdown in body weight gain and abnormalities in behavioral and cognitive function and which were alleviated by ASP co-treatment. Compared to the controls, following B[a]P treatment, CYP1A1 was significantly induced in all organs in mice at mRNA level (P < 0.05), was suppressed in the lung and cerebrum of mice at protein level, and inhibited at DNA methylation level in the liver, lung, and cerebrum, whereas GSTP1 and GSTM1 at mRNA, protein, and DNA methylation levels showed organ-specific changes in mice following B[a]P treatment, which was generally alleviated by ASP intervention. In conclusion, B[a]P induced BPDE-DNA adduct formation in all organs in mice and altered the mRNA, protein, and DNA methylation levels in CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 in an organ-dependent pattern, which could be related to the organ toxicity and mechanism of B[a]P. ASP intervention may be an effective measure to prevent B[a]P toxicity. The findings provide scientific evidence for further study on the organ toxicity and mechanisms of B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Department of Health Information Management, Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, Fenyang, 032200, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan Iron and Steel Co Ltd, Taiyuan, 030003, Shanxi, China
| | - Lisha Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Xia
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhanfei Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhongsuo Hao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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5
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Yao X, Wang Y, Ma Y, Fu M, Wang H, Tang D, Nie J. Associations between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and thyroid hormones in umbilical cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27379-2. [PMID: 37249775 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We explored the association between maternal urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and thyroid hormones in umbilical cord blood in 120 pairs of pregnant women and newborns. Maternal urinary PAH metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Thyroid hormones were measured using a flow fluorescence assay. The dose-response relationship between PAH metabolites and thyroid hormones was analyzed using the generalized linear model and restricted cubic spline model. Results showed that ƩOH PAHs in maternal urine had a negative effect on triiodothyronine (T3). Associations between maternal urinary PAH metabolites and thyroid hormones in umbilical cord blood plasma were observed. Prenatal exposure to PAHs could affect neonatal thyroid hormones, thereby disrupting neonatal thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Mengmeng Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168Th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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6
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Potent and Selective Inhibition of CYP1A2 Enzyme by Obtusifolin and Its Chemopreventive Effects. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122683. [PMID: 36559174 PMCID: PMC9786103 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtusifolin, a major anthraquinone component present in the seeds of Cassia tora, exhibits several biological activities, including the amelioration of memory impairment, prevention of breast cancer metastasis, and reduction of cartilage damage in osteoarthritis. We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of obtusifolin and its analogs on CYP1A enzymes, which are responsible for activating procarcinogens, and investigate its inhibitory mechanism and chemopreventive effects. P450-selective substrates were incubated with human liver microsomes (HLMs) or recombinant CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in the presence of obtusifolin and its four analogs. After incubation, the samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Molecular docking simulations were performed using the crystal structure of CYP1A2 to identify the critical interactions between anthraquinones and human CYP1A2. Obtusifolin potently and selectively inhibited CYP1A2-mediated phenacetin O-deethylation (POD) with a Ki value of 0.031 µM in a competitive inhibitory manner in HLMs, whereas it exhibited negligible inhibitory effect against other P450s (IC50 > 28.6 µM). Obtusifolin also inhibited CYP1A1- and CYP1A2-mediated POD and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation with IC50 values of <0.57 µM when using recombinant enzymes. Our molecular docking models suggested that the high CYP1A2 inhibitory activity of obtusifolin may be attributed to the combination of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. This is the first report of selective and potent inhibitory effects of obtusifolin against CYP1A, indicating their potential chemopreventive effects.
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Garcia WL, Miller CJ, Lomas GX, Gaither KA, Tyrrell KJ, Smith JN, Brandvold KR, Wright AT. Profiling How the Gut Microbiome Modulates Host Xenobiotic Metabolism in Response to Benzo[ a]pyrene and 1-Nitropyrene Exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:585-596. [PMID: 35347982 PMCID: PMC9878584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a key contributor to xenobiotic metabolism. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an abundant class of environmental contaminants that have varying levels of carcinogenicity depending on their individual structures. Little is known about how the gut microbiome affects the rates of PAH metabolism. This study sought to determine the role that the gut microbiome has in determining the various aspects of metabolism in the liver, before and after exposure to two structurally different PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene and 1-nitropyrene. Following exposures, the metabolic rates of PAH metabolism were measured, and activity-based protein profiling was performed. We observed differences in PAH metabolism rates between germ-free and conventional mice under both unexposed and exposed conditions. Our activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) analysis showed that, under unexposed conditions, there were only minor differences in total P450 activity in germ-free mice relative to conventional mice. However, we observed distinct activity profiles in response to corn oil vehicle and PAH treatment, primarily in the case of 1-NP treatment. This study revealed that the repertoire of active P450s in the liver is impacted by the presence of the gut microbiome, which modifies PAH metabolism in a substrate-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L. Garcia
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA),Biological Systems Engineering Department, CAHNRS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163 (USA)
| | - Carson J. Miller
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Gerard X. Lomas
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Kari A. Gaither
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Kimberly J. Tyrrell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Jordan N. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA),Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 (USA)
| | - Kristoffer R. Brandvold
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA),Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202 (USA),Corresponding Authors: Kristoffer R. Brandvold - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA); , Aaron T. Wright - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA);
| | - Aaron T. Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA),The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163 (USA),Corresponding Authors: Kristoffer R. Brandvold - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA); , Aaron T. Wright - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA);
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8
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Williams R, Taggart T, Ganger K, Koetsier T, Johnson S, Dinchman A. CYP1A expression in freshwater fish of western New York as an indicator of pollution levels. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8526. [PMID: 35127035 PMCID: PMC8796950 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various species of freshwater fish regulate the expression of certain proteins in response to environmental contamination. Previous research has shown that CYP1A expression increases in response to contaminant levels and can result in increased tumor formation. Fish in contaminated environments would thus benefit by downregulating the expression of CYP1A to reduce tumor prevalence as an adaptive strategy. Alternatively, monitoring of the CYP1A protein in fish can serve as a bioindicator of the pollution level of an environment. This study evaluated CYP1A expression in twelve different species of freshwater fish from seven bodies of water throughout western NY including Cuba Lake, Genesee River, Hanging Bog, Love Canal, Moss Lake, Rushford Lake, and Tifft Nature Preserve. Western blot analysis was used to measure CYP1A expression as a marker of site pollution and potential fish population adaptation. It was hypothesized that low CYP1A expression at a site with known contamination would suggest signs of adaptation to pollution levels present. Furthermore, if at least one sample from a species showed CYP1A expression, then the CYP1A antibody (Caymen Chemical, USA; 173132) had compatibility with that species, eliminating falsely suspected adaptation. The results from this study suggest possible adaptation of fish may be occurring in the polluted Tifft Nature Preserve and Genesee River. In contrast, CYP1A expression in fish from Cuba Lake, Hanging Bog, Love Canal, Moss Lake, and Rushford Lake appear to represent known pollution levels and adaptation is not likely occurring. Results from this study are preliminary and next steps include collection and analysis of sediment to provide a stronger correlation between pollution at sites and CYP1A expression.
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Stoddard EG, Nag S, Martin J, Tyrrell KJ, Gibbins T, Anderson KA, Shukla AK, Corley R, Wright AT, Smith JN. Exposure to an Environmental Mixture of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Induces Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2145-2156. [PMID: 34472326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play an important role in bioactivating or detoxifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), common environmental contaminants. While it is widely accepted that exposure to PAHs induces CYPs, effectively increasing rates of xenobiotic metabolism, dose- and time-response patterns of CYP induction are not well-known. In order to better understand dose- and time-response relationships of individual CYPs following induction, we exposed B6129SF1/J mice to single or repeated doses (2-180 μmol/kg/d) of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or Supermix-10, a mixture of the top 10 most abundant PAHs found at the Portland Harbor Superfund Site. In hepatic microsomes from exposed mice, we measured amounts of active CYPs using activity-based protein profiling and total CYP expression using global proteomics. We observed rapid Cyp1a1 induction after 6 h at the lowest PAH exposures and broad induction of many CYPs after 3 daily PAH doses at 72 h following the first dose. Using samples displaying Cyp1a1 induction, we observed significantly higher metabolic affinity for BaP metabolism (Km reduced 3-fold), 3-fold higher intrinsic clearance, but no changes to the Vmax. Mice dosed with the highest PAH exposures exhibited 1.7-5-fold higher intrinsic clearance rates for BaP compared to controls and higher Vmax values indicating greater amounts of enzymes capable of metabolizing BaP. This study demonstrates exposure to PAHs found at superfund sites induces enzymes in dose- and time-dependent patterns in mice. Accounting for specific changes in enzyme profiles, relative rates of PAH bioactivation and detoxification, and resulting risk will help translate internal dosimetry of animal models to humans and improve risk assessments of PAHs at superfund sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan G Stoddard
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Subhasree Nag
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jude Martin
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kimberly J Tyrrell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Teresa Gibbins
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Anil K Shukla
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard Corley
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aaron T Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Jordan N Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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Dračínská H, Indra R, Jelínková S, Černá V, Arlt VM, Stiborová M. Benzo[ a]pyrene-Induced Genotoxicity in Rats Is Affected by Co-Exposure to Sudan I by Altering the Expression of Biotransformation Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158062. [PMID: 34360828 PMCID: PMC8347376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a human carcinogen that reacts with DNA after metabolic activation catalysed by cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 together with microsomal epoxide hydrolase. The azo dye Sudan I is a potent inducer of CYP1A1/2. Here, Wistar rats were either treated with single doses of BaP (150 mg/kg bw) or Sudan I (50 mg/kg bw) alone or with both compounds in combination to explore BaP-derived DNA adduct formation in vivo. Using 32P-postlabelling, DNA adducts generated by BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide were found in livers of rats treated with BaP alone or co-exposed to Sudan I. During co-exposure to Sudan I prior to BaP treatment, BaP-DNA adduct levels increased 2.1-fold in comparison to BaP treatment alone. Similarly, hepatic microsomes isolated from rats exposed to Sudan I prior to BaP treatment were also the most effective in generating DNA adducts in vitro with the activated metabolites BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol or BaP-9-ol as intermediates. DNA adduct formation correlated with changes in the expression and/or enzyme activities of CYP1A1, 1A2 and 1B1 in hepatic microsomes. Thus, BaP genotoxicity in rats in vivo appears to be related to the enhanced expression and/or activity of hepatic CYP1A1/2 and 1B1 caused by exposure of rats to the studied compounds. Our results indicate that the industrially employed azo dye Sudan I potentiates the genotoxicity of the human carcinogen BaP, and exposure to both substances at the same time seems to be hazardous to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Dračínská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-221-951-241
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | - Sandra Jelínková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | | | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
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11
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Won DH, Hwang DB, Shin YS, Kim SY, Kim C, Hong IS, Kang BC, Che JH, Yun JW. Cellular signaling crosstalk between Wnt signaling and gap junctions inbenzo[a]pyrene toxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 39:165-182. [PMID: 34283317 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is considered a key biological mechanism to maintain homeostasis in cell differentiation and growth. In addition, as another major signaling pathway associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears to trigger several cellular responses against injury. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a known toxic agent, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), on the regulation and interaction between GJIC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. BaP treatment resulted in GJIC inhibition and decreases the major GJIC protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells. We also found BaP-mediated downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling related to the PI3K-Akt pathway. To identify the relationship between GJIC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, we treated WB-F344 cells with the Wnt agonist CHIR99021 and found that it inhibited GJIC while causing a significant reduction in Cx43 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, through the repression of promoter activity. This Wnt agonist-mediated GJIC inhibition was confirmed using a small interfering RNA directed against the Wnt antagonist Dact2, indicating that Wnt/β-catenin signaling negatively regulates GJIC. Despite the inverse correlation between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Cx43 promoter activation as indicated by downregulation of β-catenin nuclear translocation and upregulation of Cx43 promoter activation involving HNF3β, BaP treatment decreased the Cx43 protein expression, which was associated with protein degradation, possibly through protein kinase C activation. In conclusion, our results revealed the mechanism of BaP-induced inhibition of GJIC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. More importantly, linking Wnt/β-catenin signaling to Cx protein expression will have profound implications in understanding the relationships among different major signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation and differentiation in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Won
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Da-Bin Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Sub Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Changuk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea. .,Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Khattab SA, Hussien WF, Raafat N, Ahmed Alaa El-Din E. Effects of catechin hydrate in benzo[ a]pyrene-induced lung toxicity: roles of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:467-475. [PMID: 34027802 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1916667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The major sources for human exposure to Benzo [a] pyrene (B[a]P) are contaminated food, water, and inhalation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. B[a]P is a well-known human genotoxic carcinogen (IARC Group 1). It has a tumorigenic potential in virtually all in vivo experimental animal model systems. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of catechin hydrate (CH) against B [a] P-induced toxicity in the lung of adult albino rats. Thirty-six adult male albino rats (150-200 g) were divided into six groups, three control groups, and three experimental groups: B[a] P-treated group, (CH)-treated group, and B[a] P+(CH)-treated group. At the end of the fourth week of the study, blood samples and lung tissues were obtained for the biochemical and genotoxicity, RT-PCR, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations, respectively. Our results clarified that B[a] P exposure caused a subsequent decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT), and conversely (MDA) levels elevated markedly. Also, B[a] P induced DNA damages and activated the apoptotic pathway, presented by upregulated Bax, caspase-3, and downregulated Bcl-2 gens. However, treatment with CH increased antioxidant enzymes as well as regulated apoptosis. Discernible histological changes in the lung also supported the protective effects of CH. These findings suggested that CH is an effective natural product that attenuates Benzo [a] pyrene-induced lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah A Khattab
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Wafaa F Hussien
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nermin Raafat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman Ahmed Alaa El-Din
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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13
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Luo K, Luo X, Cao W, Hochalter JB, Paiano V, Sipe CJ, Carmella SG, Murphy SE, Jensen J, Lam S, Golin AP, Bergstrom L, Midthun D, Fujioka N, Hatsukami D, Hecht SS. Cigarette smoking enhances the metabolic activation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene in humans. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:570-577. [PMID: 33319219 PMCID: PMC8086767 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well established that human cytochrome P450 1 family enzymes are induced by cigarette smoking through activation of the Ah receptor, it is not known whether this leads to increased metabolic activation or detoxification of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are present in cigarette smoke and the general environment. We gave oral doses of deuterated phenanthrene ([D10]Phe), a non-carcinogenic surrogate of carcinogenic PAH such as benzo[a]pyrene, to smokers (N = 170, 1 or 10 μg doses) and non-smokers (N = 57, 1 μg dose). Bioactivation products (dihydrodiol and tetraol) and detoxification products (phenols) of [D10]Phe were determined in 6-h urine to obtain a comprehensive metabolic profile. Cigarette smoking increased the bioactivation of [D10]Phe and decreased its detoxification resulting in significantly different metabolic patterns between smokers and non-smokers (P < 0.01), consistent with increased cancer risk in smokers. The Phe bioactivation ratios ([D10]PheT/total [D9]OHPhe) were significantly higher (2.3 (P < 0.01) to 4.8 (P < 0.001) fold) in smokers than non-smokers. With solid human in vivo evidence, our results for the first time demonstrate that cigarette smoking enhances the metabolic activation of Phe, structurally representative of carcinogenic PAH, in humans, strongly supporting their causal role in cancers caused by smoking. The results suggest potential new methods for identifying smokers who could be at particularly high risk for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xianghua Luo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wenhao Cao
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Viviana Paiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Steven G Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joni Jensen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew P Golin
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Naomi Fujioka
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dorothy Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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14
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Interaction of Thalassia testudinum Metabolites with Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Its Effects on Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Mutagenicity. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110566. [PMID: 33227946 PMCID: PMC7699293 DOI: 10.3390/md18110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of Thalassia testudinum hydroethanolic extract, its polyphenolic fraction and thalassiolin B on the activity of phase I metabolizing enzymes as well as their antimutagenic effects. Spectrofluorometric techniques were used to evaluate the effect of tested products on rat and human CYP1A and CYP2B activity. The antimutagenic effect of tested products was evaluated in benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-induced mutagenicity assay by an Ames test. Finally, the antimutagenic effect of Thalassia testudinum (100 mg/kg) was assessed in BP-induced mutagenesis in mice. The tested products significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit rat CYP1A1 activity, acting as mixed-type inhibitors of rat CYP1A1 (Ki = 54.16 ± 9.09 μg/mL, 5.96 ± 1.55 μg/mL and 3.05 ± 0.89 μg/mL, respectively). Inhibition of human CYP1A1 was also observed (Ki = 197.1 ± 63.40 μg/mL and 203.10 ± 17.29 μg/mL for the polyphenolic fraction and for thalassiolin B, respectively). In addition, the evaluated products significantly inhibit (p < 0.05) BP-induced mutagenicity in vitro. Furthermore, oral doses of Thalassia testudinum (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the BP-induced micronuclei and oxidative damage, together with an increase of reduced glutathione, in mice. In summary, Thalassia testudinum metabolites exhibit antigenotoxic activity mediated, at least, by the inhibition of CYP1A1-mediated BP biotransformation, arresting the oxidative and mutagenic damage. Thus, the metabolites of T. testudinum may represent a potential source of chemopreventive compounds for the adjuvant therapy of cancer.
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15
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Jee SC, Kim M, Kim KS, Kim HS, Sung JS. Protective Effects of Myricetin on Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine and BPDE-DNA Adduct. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050446. [PMID: 32455619 PMCID: PMC7278665 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a group 1 carcinogen, induces mutagenic DNA adducts. Myricetin is present in many natural foods with diverse biological activities, such as anti-oxidative and anti-cancer activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of myricetin against B[a]P-induced toxicity. Treatment of B[a]P induced cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells, whereas co-treatment of myricetin with B[a]P reduced the formation of the B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adduct, which recovered cell viability. Furthermore, we found a protective effect of myricetin against B[a]P-induced genotoxicity in rats, via myricetin-induced inhibition of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and BPDE-DNA adduct formation in the liver, kidney, colon, and stomach tissue. This inhibition was more prominent in the liver than in other tissues. Correspondingly, myricetin regulated the phase I and II enzymes that inhibit B[a]P metabolism and B[a]P metabolites conjugated with DNA by reducing and inducing CYP1A1 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression, respectively. Taken together, this showed that myricetin attenuated B[a]P-induced genotoxicity via regulation of phase I and II enzymes. Our results suggest that myricetin is anti-genotoxic, and prevents oxidative DNA damage and BPDE-DNA adduct formation via regulation of phase I and II enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Cheol Jee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (S.-C.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (S.-C.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Kyeong Seok Kim
- Department of Division of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University-Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (K.S.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Division of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University-Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (K.S.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (S.-C.J.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5132; Fax: +82-31-961-5108
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16
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Xu M, Fu L, Zhang J, Wang T, Fan J, Zhu B, Dziugan P, Zhang B, Zhao H. Potential of Inactivated Bifidobacterium Strain in Attenuating Benzo(A)Pyrene Exposure-Induced Damage in Colon Epithelial Cells In Vitro. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8010012. [PMID: 32053893 PMCID: PMC7151743 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) poses a serious genotoxic threat to human beings. This in vitro study investigated the potential of inactivated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BI-04 in alleviating the damage caused by BaP in colon epithelial cells. A concentration of BaP higher than 50 μM strongly inhibited the growth of colon epithelial cells. The colon epithelial cells were treated with 50 μM BaP in the presence or absence of inactivated strain BI-04 (~5 × 108 CFU/mL). The BaP-induced apoptosis of the colon epithelial cells was retarded in the presence of B. lactis BI-04 through activation of the PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway, and p53 gene expression was decreased. The presence of the BI-04 strain reduced the intracellular oxidative stress and DNA damage incurred in the colon epithelial cells by BaP treatment due to the enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes and metabolism-related enzymes (CYP1A1). The data from comet assay, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis showed that the cytotoxic effects of BaP on colon epithelial cells were largely alleviated because the bifidobacterial strain could bind to this carcinogenic compound. The in vitro study highlights that the consumption of commercial probiotic strain BI-04 might be a promising strategy to mitigate BaP cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Xu
- College of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.X.); (L.F.); (J.F.); (B.Z.)
| | - Lili Fu
- College of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.X.); (L.F.); (J.F.); (B.Z.)
| | - Junwen Zhang
- College of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.X.); (L.F.); (J.F.); (B.Z.)
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.X.); (L.F.); (J.F.); (B.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junfeng Fan
- College of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.X.); (L.F.); (J.F.); (B.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baoqing Zhu
- College of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.X.); (L.F.); (J.F.); (B.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Piotr Dziugan
- Institute of Fermentation Technology & Microbiology, Technical University of Lodz, 90924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bolin Zhang
- College of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.X.); (L.F.); (J.F.); (B.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongfei Zhao
- College of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.X.); (L.F.); (J.F.); (B.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (H.Z.)
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17
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Kishino Y, Hasegawa T, Yamoto T, Mori K. Species differences in micronucleus induction of the clastogenic compounds associated with drug metabolic profile. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 44:701-709. [PMID: 31588061 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity profiles of drugs occasionally vary across species due to species difference in drug metabolic profile. To clarify the effect of species differences in the metabolic profile on micronucleus induction, we conducted an in vitro micronucleus test for seven clastogens (benzo[a]pyrene: BaP, cyclophosphamide monohydrate: CPA coumarin, diclofenac, piroxicam, lansoprazole, and chlorpheniramine) with rat, mouse, monkey, dog, or human liver S9. BaP, CPA, coumarin, diclofenac, piroxicam, and lansoprazole induced micronucleus formation with all species of S9s, whereas chlorpheniramine did not induce micronucleus formation in any of the S9s. BaP and CPA revealed remarkable species differences in micronucleus induction, whereas coumarin, diclofenac, piroxicam, and lansoprazole did not present any differences. Interestingly, the amounts of hydroxy-BaP-epoxides and phosphamide mustard, which might be associated with micronucleus induction by BaP and CPA, respectively, were correlated with the degree of micronucleus induction among the five species. In conclusion, the species difference in micronucleus induction by BaP and CPA was attributable to the differences in the metabolic profiles of these drugs among species. Our results indicate that it is crucial to understand the effect of species differences in the metabolic profile of drug candidates on genotoxicity and carcinogenicity potential and to predict their risk in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kishino
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Tomoko Hasegawa
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takashi Yamoto
- Product Information Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
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18
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Indra R, Pompach P, Vavrová K, Jáklová K, Heger Z, Adam V, Eckschlager T, Kopečková K, Arlt VM, Stiborová M. Cytochrome P450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase enzymes are responsible for differential oxidation of the anti-thyroid-cancer drug vandetanib by human and rat hepatic microsomal systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 74:103310. [PMID: 31837525 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied the in vitro metabolism of the anti-thyroid-cancer drug vandetanib in a rat animal model and demonstrated that N-desmethylvandetanib and vandetanib N-oxide are formed by NADPH- or NADH-mediated reactions catalyzed by rat hepatic microsomes and pure biotransformation enzymes. In addition to the structural characterization of vandetanib metabolites, individual rat enzymes [cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO)] capable of oxidizing vandetanib were identified. Generation of N-desmethylvandetanib, but not that of vandetanib N-oxide, was attenuated by CYP3A and 2C inhibitors while inhibition of FMO decreased formation of vandetanib N-oxide. These results indicate that liver microsomal CYP2C/3A and FMO1 are major enzymes participating in the formation of N-desmethylvandetanib and vandetanib N-oxide, respectively. Rat recombinant CYP2C11 > >3A1 > 3A2 > 1A1 > 1A2 > 2D1 > 2D2 were effective in catalyzing the formation of N-desmethylvandetanib. Results of the present study explain differences between the CYP- and FMO-catalyzed vandetanib oxidation in rat and human liver reported previously and the enzymatic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pompach
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Vavrová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Jáklová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kopečková
- Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Volker Manfred Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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19
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Li X, Ding L, Song L, Gao W, Wang L, Wang J. Effects of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons combined with high-risk human papillomavirus infection on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A population study in Shanxi Province, China. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2406-2412. [PMID: 31290154 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is a major etiological agent in the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic pollutants that exist widely in the environment. We hypothesized that PAHs exposure was related to the progression of cervical cancer, and could increase the effect of HR-HPV on CIN. We investigated the effects of PAHs exposure combined with HR-HPV infection on CIN in community population in Shanxi Province, China. A total of 2,285 women were enrolled into the study. HR-HPV genotypes were detected by flow-through hybridization technology. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The top three HR-HPV genotypes were 16, 58 and 52 in turn. With unconditional logistic regression analysis, we found that HR-HPV infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.00-5.54), HPV16 infection (aOR = 4.71, 95% CI: 3.39-6.53), HPV58 infection (aOR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.41-3.73) and PAHs high exposure (aOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.82-3.62) increased the risk of CIN2/3, showing an increasing trend (p < 0.001) with the severity of cervical lesions. Compared to Q1 (<0.06 μmol/molCr) levels of 1-OHP, women with Q4 (>0.11 μmol/molCr) had a higher risk for CIN2/3 (aOR = 7.68, 95% CI: 4.83-12.22). Additionally, we observed that there was a synergic effect between high exposure to PAHs and HR-HPV infection in CIN2/3. Furthermore, the results from the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction model showed that there were joint interactions of PAHs, HPV16, HPV58 and HPV52 on the risk of CIN2/3. Our study revealed that high exposure to PAHs could increase the risk for CIN, and it posed stronger risk when combined with HR-HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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20
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Indra R, Pompach P, Martínek V, Takácsová P, Vavrová K, Heger Z, Adam V, Eckschlager T, Kopečková K, Arlt VM, Stiborová M. Identification of Human Enzymes Oxidizing the Anti-Thyroid-Cancer Drug Vandetanib and Explanation of the High Efficiency of Cytochrome P450 3A4 in its Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143392. [PMID: 31295928 PMCID: PMC6679423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of vandetanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for treatment of symptomatic/progressive medullary thyroid cancer, was studied using human hepatic microsomes, recombinant cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs). The role of CYPs and FMOs in the microsomal metabolism of vandetanib to N-desmethylvandetanib and vandetanib-N-oxide was investigated by examining the effects of CYP/FMO inhibitors and by correlating CYP-/FMO-catalytic activities in each microsomal sample with the amounts of N-desmethylvandetanib/vandetanib-N-oxide formed by these samples. CYP3A4/FMO-activities significantly correlated with the formation of N-desmethylvandetanib/ vandetanib-N-oxide. Based on these studies, most of the vandetanib metabolism was attributed to N-desmethylvandetanib/vandetanib-N-oxide to CYP3A4/FMO3. Recombinant CYP3A4 was most efficient to form N-desmethylvandetanib, while FMO1/FMO3 generated N-oxide. Cytochrome b5 stimulated the CYP3A4-catalyzed formation of N-desmethylvandetanib, which is of great importance because CYP3A4 is not only most efficient in generating N-desmethylvandetanib, but also most significant due to its high expression in human liver. Molecular modeling indicated that binding of more than one molecule of vandetanib into the CYP3A4-active center can be responsible for the high efficiency of CYP3A4 N-demethylating vandetanib. Indeed, the CYP3A4-mediated reaction exhibits kinetics of positive cooperativity and this corresponded to the in silico model, where two vandetanib molecules were found in CYP3A4-active center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pompach
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Martínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Paulína Takácsová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Vavrová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84/1, CZ-150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kopečková
- Department of Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84/1, CZ-150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Volker Manfred Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England and Imperial College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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21
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Fu Y, Niu Y, Pan B, Liu Y, Zhang B, Li X, Yang A, Nie J, Wang R, Yang J. OGG1 methylation mediated the effects of cell cycle and oxidative DNA damage related to PAHs exposure in Chinese coke oven workers. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:48-57. [PMID: 30807913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous publications have indicated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposures are associated with increased DNA damage and abnormal cell cycle arrest; however, the details of mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to quantify the associations of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) methylation with urinary PAHs metabolites, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest, and further to assess the role of OGG1 methylation in mediating the association of urinary PAHs metabolites with DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. Urinary biomarkers of PAHs exposure and a marker of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosin, 8-OHdG) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Cell cycle of lymphocyte was analysed with flow cytometry and OGG1 methylation in venous blood was measured by pyrosequencing. After adjusting for covariates, urinary 1-OHP levels were positively associated with lymphocyte S phase arrest and oxidative DNA damage, while were negatively associated with G0/G1 phase arrest. OGG1 methylation was not only positively correlated with urinary 1-OHP in a dose-responsive manner (P trend = 0.008) but was also associated with G0/G1 phase arrest (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.97), S phase arrest (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.01-2.40) and oxidative DNA damage (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02-2.86). Mediation analysis estimated that OGG1 methylation mediated about 20% of associations between urinary 1-OHP levels and cell cycle arrest and oxidative DNA damage, respectively (all P < 0.05). Our findings suggested that urinary 1-OHP concentrations were associated with cell cycle arrest and oxidative DNA damage by a mechanism partly involving OGG1 methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingying Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Baolong Pan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuejing Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruisheng Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
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22
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Delgado‐Roche L, Rodeiro I, Riera M, Herrera JA, Venturi I, Hernández Y, Fernández G, Pérez CL, Rodriguez JC, Fernández MD, Hernández‐Balmaseda I, Fernández JR, Mesta F, Paz MT. Chemoprotective effects of
Ulva lactuca
(green seaweed) aqueous‐ethanolic extract against subchronic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene by CYP1A1 inhibition in mice. Phytother Res 2019; 33:958-967. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Livan Delgado‐Roche
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Marine Sciences (ICIMAR) La Habana Cuba
- Center A.F. for Technology Studies (CAFET)Carnot Laboratory México City Mexico
| | - Idania Rodeiro
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Marine Sciences (ICIMAR) La Habana Cuba
| | - Mario Riera
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Marine Sciences (ICIMAR) La Habana Cuba
| | - José Alfredo Herrera
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (IMRE)Havana University Havana Cuba
| | - Ivonilce Venturi
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade do Vale do Itajaí Itajaí Brazil
| | - Yasnay Hernández
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Marine Sciences (ICIMAR) La Habana Cuba
| | - Gisselle Fernández
- Institute of Basic and Preclinical Sciences “Victoria de Girón” (ICBP)Medical University of Havana (UCMH) La Habana Cuba
| | - Carlos Luis Pérez
- Institute of Basic and Preclinical Sciences “Victoria de Girón” (ICBP)Medical University of Havana (UCMH) La Habana Cuba
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez
- Department of PathologyNational Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology La Habana Cuba
| | | | | | - Julio Raul Fernández
- Department of Genomic, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
| | - Fernando Mesta
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía Mexico City Mexico
| | - Miriam Teresa Paz
- Pharmacology DepartmentInstitute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Brazil
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23
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Fürst P, Håkansson H, Halldorsson T, Lundebye AK, Pohjanvirta R, Rylander L, Smith A, van Loveren H, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Zeilmaker M, Binaglia M, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Horváth Z, Christoph E, Ciccolallo L, Ramos Bordajandi L, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom LR. Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05333. [PMID: 32625737 PMCID: PMC7009407 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL-PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre- and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F-TEQs. No association was observed when including DL-PCB-TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F-TEQ only was on average 2.4- and 2.7-fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.
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24
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Stiborová M, Dračínská H, Bořek-Dohalská L, Klusoňová Z, Holecová J, Martínková M, Schmeiser HH, Arlt VM. Exposure to endocrine disruptors 17alpha-ethinylestradiol and estradiol influences cytochrome P450 1A1-mediated genotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene and expression of this enzyme in rats. Toxicology 2018; 400-401:48-56. [PMID: 29649501 PMCID: PMC6593260 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and estradiol affect genotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in rats. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 are induced in rats by BaP but not EE2 and estradiol. Exposure of rats to EE2, estradiol and BaP decreased BaP-DNA adduct formation in vivo. The decrease results from inhibition of CYP1A1-mediated BaP activation by EE2 and estradiol.
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are compounds that interfere with the balance of the endocrine system by mimicking or antagonising the effects of endogenous hormones, by altering the synthesis and metabolism of natural hormones, or by modifying hormone receptor levels. The synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are exogenous EDs whereas the estrogenic hormone 17β-estradiol is a natural endogenous ED. Although the biological effects of these individual EDs have partially been studied previously, their toxicity when acting in combination has not yet been investigated. Here we treated Wistar rats with BaP, EE2 and estradiol alone or in combination and studied the influence of EE2 and estradiol on: (i) the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 in rat liver on the transcriptional and translational levels; (ii) the inducibility of these CYP enzymes by BaP in this rat organ; (iii) the formation of BaP-DNA adducts in rat liver in vivo; and (iv) the generation of BaP-induced DNA adducts after activation of BaP with hepatic microsomes of rats exposed to BaP, EE2 and estradiol and with recombinant rat CYP1A1 in vitro. BaP acted as a strong and moderate inducer of CYP1A1 and 1B1 in rat liver, respectively, whereas EE2 or estradiol alone had no effect on the expression of these enzymes. However, when EE2 was administered to rats together with BaP, it significantly decreased the potency of BaP to induce CYP1A1 and 1B1 gene expression. For EE2, but not estradiol, this also correlated with a reduction of BaP-induced CYP1A1 enzyme activity in rat hepatic microsomes. Further, while EE2 and estradiol did not form covalent adducts with DNA, they affected BaP-derived DNA adduct formations in vivo and in vitro. The observed decrease in BaP-DNA adduct levels in rat liver in vivo resulted from the inhibition of CYP1A1-mediated BaP bioactivation by EE2 and estradiol. Our results indicate that BaP genotoxicity mediated through its activation by CYP1A1 in rats in vivo is modulated by estradiol and its synthetic derivative EE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Dračínská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bořek-Dohalská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Klusoňová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Holecová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Martínková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz H Schmeiser
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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25
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Kobayashi S, Sata F, Sasaki S, Braimoh TS, Araki A, Miyashita C, Goudarzi H, Kobayashi S, Kishi R. Modification of adverse health effects of maternal active and passive smoking by genetic susceptibility: Dose-dependent association of plasma cotinine with infant birth size among Japanese women-The Hokkaido Study. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 74:94-103. [PMID: 28893607 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the individual dose-response effects of eight maternal polymorphisms encoding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing and DNA-repair genes on prenatal cotinine levels according to infant birth size. METHODS In total, 3263 Japanese pregnant women were assigned to five groups based on plasma cotinine levels during the 8th month of pregnancy, as measured using ELISA (cut-offs: 0.21, 0.55, 11.48, and 101.67ng/mL). Analyses were performed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS Birth weight reduction showed a dose-dependent relationship with prenatal cotinine levels (P for trend<0.001). When considering the specific aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) (G>A, Arg554Lys; db SNP ID: rs2066853) and X-ray cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) (C>T, Arg194Trp, rs1799782) genotypes, a larger birth weight reduction was noted among infants born to mothers with the highest cotinine level. CONCLUSION Infants born to women with specific AHR and XRCC1 genotypes may have higher genetic risks for birth weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sata
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Health Center, Chuo University, 42-8, Ichigaya-Hommura-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8473, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Titilola Serifat Braimoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
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26
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Defois C, Ratel J, Denis S, Batut B, Beugnot R, Peyretaillade E, Engel E, Peyret P. Environmental Pollutant Benzo[ a]Pyrene Impacts the Volatile Metabolome and Transcriptome of the Human Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1562. [PMID: 28861070 PMCID: PMC5559432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a ubiquitous, persistent, and carcinogenic pollutant that belongs to the large family of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Population exposure primarily occurs via contaminated food products, which introduces the pollutant to the digestive tract. Although the metabolism of B[a]P by host cells is well known, its impacts on the human gut microbiota, which plays a key role in health and disease, remain unexplored. We performed an in vitro assay using 16S barcoding, metatranscriptomics and volatile metabolomics to study the impact of B[a]P on two distinct human fecal microbiota. B[a]P exposure did not induce a significant change in the microbial structure; however, it altered the microbial volatolome in a dose-dependent manner. The transcript levels related to several metabolic pathways, such as vitamin and cofactor metabolism, cell wall compound metabolism, DNA repair and replication systems, and aromatic compound metabolism, were upregulated, whereas the transcript levels related to the glycolysis-gluconeogenesis pathway and bacterial chemotaxis toward simple carbohydrates were downregulated. These primary findings show that food pollutants, such as B[a]P, alter human gut microbiota activity. The observed shift in the volatolome demonstrates that B[a]P induces a specific deviation in the microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Defois
- MEDIS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémy Ratel
- UR370 QuaPA, MASS Team, Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueSaint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - Sylvain Denis
- MEDIS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bérénice Batut
- MEDIS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Réjane Beugnot
- MEDIS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Peyretaillade
- MEDIS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Erwan Engel
- UR370 QuaPA, MASS Team, Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueSaint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - Pierre Peyret
- MEDIS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
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27
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Stiborová M, Indra R, Moserová M, Bořek-Dohalská L, Hodek P, Frei E, Kopka K, Schmeiser HH, Arlt VM. Comparison of human cytochrome P450 1A1-catalysed oxidation of benzo[ a]pyrene in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017; 148:1959-1969. [PMID: 29104317 PMCID: PMC5653725 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 is the most important enzyme activating and detoxifying the human carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). In the previous studies, we had shown that not only the canonic NADPH:CYP oxidoreductase (POR) can act as electron donor but also cytochrome b5 and its reductase, NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase. Here, we studied the role of the expression system used on the metabolites generated and the levels of DNA adducts formed by activated BaP. We used an eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cellular system (Supersomes, microsomes isolated from insect cells, and Bactosomes, a membrane fraction of Escherichia coli, each transfected with cDNA of human CYP1A1 and POR). These were reconstituted with cytochrome b5 with and without NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase. We evaluated the effectiveness of each cofactor, NADPH and NADH, to mediate BaP metabolism. We found that both systems differ in catalysing the reactions activating and detoxifying BaP. Two BaP-derived DNA adducts were generated by the CYP1A1-Supersomes, both in the presence of NADPH and NADH, whereas NADPH but not NADH was able to support this reaction in the CYP1A1-Bactosomes. Seven BaP metabolites were found in Supersomes with NADPH or NADH, whereas NADPH but not NADH was able to generate five BaP metabolites in Bactosomes. Our study demonstrates different catalytic efficiencies of CYP1A1 expressed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in BaP bioactivation indicating some limitations in the use of E. coli cells for such studies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Moserová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bořek-Dohalská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hodek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Frei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz H. Schmeiser
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King’s College London in Partnership with Public Health England, London, SE1 9NH UK
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Modulation of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation by CYP1 inducer and inhibitor. Genes Environ 2017; 39:14. [PMID: 28405246 PMCID: PMC5385587 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-017-0076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a well-studied pro-carcinogen that is metabolically activated by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) has been considered to play a central role in the activation step, which is essential for the formation of DNA adducts. This enzyme is strongly induced by many different chemical agents, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which binds to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Therefore, AhR activators are suspected to have the potential to aggravate the toxicity of BaP through the induction of CYP1A1. Besides, CYP1A1 inhibitors, including its substrates, are estimated to have preventive effects against BaP toxicity. However, strangely, increased hepatic BaP–DNA adduct levels have been reported in Cyp1a1 knockout mice. Moreover, numerous reports describe that concomitant treatment of AhR activators reduced BaP–DNA adduct formation. In an experiment using several human cell lines, TCDD had diverse modulatory effects on BaP–DNA adducts, both enhancing and inhibiting their formation. In this review, we focus on the factors that could influence the BaP–DNA adduct formation. To interpret these complicated outcomes, we propose a hypothesis that CYP1A1 is a key enzyme for both generation and reduction of (±)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), the major carcinogenic intermediate of BaP. Conversely, CYP1B1 is thought to contribute only to the metabolic activation of BaP related to carcinogenesis.
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Hardonnière K, Huc L, Sergent O, Holme JA, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Environmental carcinogenesis and pH homeostasis: Not only a matter of dysregulated metabolism. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:49-65. [PMID: 28088583 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, around 20% of all cancers would be due to environmental factors. Among these factors, several chemicals are indeed well recognized carcinogens. The widespread contaminant benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), an often used model carcinogen of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons' family, has been suggested to target most, if not all, cancer hallmarks described by Hanahan and Weinberg. It is classified as a group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer; however, the precise intracellular mechanisms underlying its carcinogenic properties remain yet to be thoroughly defined. Recently, the pH homeostasis, a well known regulator of carcinogenic processes, was suggested to be a key actor in both cell death and Warburg-like metabolic reprogramming induced upon B[a]P exposure. The present review will highlight those data with the aim of favoring research on the role of H+ dynamics in environmental carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Hardonnière
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Structure fédérative de recherche Biosit, UMS CNRS 3480/US Inserm 018, F 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Laurence Huc
- INRA UMR 1331 ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse ENVT, INP, UPS, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Structure fédérative de recherche Biosit, UMS CNRS 3480/US Inserm 018, F 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Domain of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Structure fédérative de recherche Biosit, UMS CNRS 3480/US Inserm 018, F 35043 Rennes, France.
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Mahiout S, Pohjanvirta R. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists trigger avoidance of novel food in rats. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Stiborová M, Indra R, Moserová M, Frei E, Schmeiser HH, Kopka K, Philips DH, Arlt V. NADH:Cytochrome b5 Reductase and Cytochrome b5 Can Act as Sole Electron Donors to Human Cytochrome P450 1A1-Mediated Oxidation and DNA Adduct Formation by Benzo[a]pyrene. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1325-34. [PMID: 27404282 PMCID: PMC4987862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a human carcinogen that covalently binds to DNA after activation by cytochrome P450 (P450). Here, we investigated whether NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase (CBR) in the presence of cytochrome b5 can act as sole electron donor to human P450 1A1 during BaP oxidation and replace the canonical NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) system. We also studied the efficiencies of the coenzymes of these reductases, NADPH as a coenzyme of POR, and NADH as a coenzyme of CBR, to mediate BaP oxidation. Two systems containing human P450 1A1 were utilized: human recombinant P450 1A1 expressed with POR, CBR, epoxide hydrolase, and cytochrome b5 in Supersomes and human recombinant P450 1A1 reconstituted with POR and/or with CBR and cytochrome b5 in liposomes. BaP-9,10-dihydrodiol, BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol, BaP-1,6-dione, BaP-3,6-dione, BaP-9-ol, BaP-3-ol, a metabolite of unknown structure, and two BaP-DNA adducts were generated by the P450 1A1-Supersomes system, both in the presence of NADPH and in the presence of NADH. The major BaP-DNA adduct detected by (32)P-postlabeling was characterized as 10-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BaP (assigned adduct 1), while the minor adduct is probably a guanine adduct derived from 9-hydroxy-BaP-4,5-epoxide (assigned adduct 2). BaP-3-ol as the major metabolite, BaP-9-ol, BaP-1,6-dione, BaP-3,6-dione, an unknown metabolite, and adduct 2 were observed in the system using P450 1A1 reconstituted with POR plus NADPH. When P450 1A1 was reconstituted with CBR and cytochrome b5 plus NADH, BaP-3-ol was the predominant metabolite too, and an adduct 2 was also generated. Our results demonstrate that the NADH/cytochrome b5/CBR system can act as the sole electron donor both for the first and second reduction of P450 1A1 during the oxidation of BaP in vitro. They suggest that NADH-dependent CBR can replace NADPH-dependent POR in the P450 1A1-catalyzed metabolism of BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles
University, Albertov
2030, 128 40, Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Radek Indra
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles
University, Albertov
2030, 128 40, Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Michaela Moserová
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles
University, Albertov
2030, 128 40, Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Eva Frei
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles
University, Albertov
2030, 128 40, Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Heinz H. Schmeiser
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles
University, Albertov
2030, 128 40, Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - David H. Philips
- Analytical
and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
- NIHR
Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental
Hazards at King’s College London in Partnership with Public
Health England, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Volker
M. Arlt
- Analytical
and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
- NIHR
Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental
Hazards at King’s College London in Partnership with Public
Health England, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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Liu Y, Lu R, Gu J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wu H, Hua W, Zeng J. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 up-regulates stem cell markers in benzo[a]pyrene-induced malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:241-250. [PMID: 27331345 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) has been proposed to be a common marker of cancer stem cells and can be induced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) exposure. However, the underlying mechanism of how ALDH1A1 contributes to B[a]P-induced carcinogenesis in human bronchial epithelial cells remains unclear. Here, we found that B[a]P up-regulated expression levels of stem cell markers (ABCG2, SOX2, c-Myc and Klf4), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) associated genes (SNAIL1, ZEB1, TWIST and β-CATENIN) and cancer-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs; HOTAIR and MALAT-1) in malignant B[a]P-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B-T cells), and these up-regulations were dependent on increased expression of ALDH1A1. The inhibition of endogenous ALDH1A1 expression down-regulated expression levels of stem cell markers and reversed the malignant phenotype as well as reduced the chemoresistance of BEAS-2B-T cells. In contrast, the overexpression of ALDH1A1 in BEAS-2B cells increased the expression of stem cell markers, facilitated cell transformation, promoted migratory ability and enhanced the drug resistance of BEAS-2B cells. Overall, our data indicates that ALDH1A1 promotes a stemness phenotype and plays a critical role in the BEAS-2B cell malignant transformation induced by B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Ruitao Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Junlian Gu
- Department of pathology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Yanxuan Chen
- Center of Medical Functional Experiments, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Hua
- Biological Experiment Center, the Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510317, PR China.
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, PR China.
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Stiborová M, Indra R, Moserová M, Šulc M, Hodek P, Frei E, Schmeiser HH, Arlt VM. NADPH- and NADH-dependent metabolism of and DNA adduct formation by benzo[ a]pyrene catalyzed with rat hepatic microsomes and cytochrome P450 1A1. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 147:847-855. [PMID: 27110038 PMCID: PMC4828493 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a human carcinogen that covalently binds to DNA after metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Here we investigated the efficiencies of rat hepatic microsomes and rat recombinant CYP1A1 expressed with its reductase, NADPH:CYP oxidoreductase (POR), NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase, epoxide hydrolase and/or cytochrome b5 in Supersomes™ to metabolize this carcinogen. We also studied the effectiveness of coenzymes of two of the microsomal reductases, NADPH as a coenzyme of POR, and NADH as a coenzyme of NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase, to mediate BaP metabolism in these systems. Up to eight BaP metabolites and two DNA adducts were generated by the systems, both in the presence of NADPH and NADH. Among BaP metabolites, BaP-9,10-dihydrodiol, BaP-4,5-dihydrodiol, BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol, BaP-1,6-dione, BaP-3,6-dione, BaP-9-ol, BaP-3-ol, and a metabolite of unknown structure were formed by hepatic microsomes and rat CYP1A1. One of two DNA adducts formed by examined enzymatic systems (rat hepatic microsomes and rat CYP1A1) was characterized to be 10-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (dG-N2-BPDE), while another adduct has similar chromatographic properties on polyethylaneimine-cellulose thin layer chromatography to a guanine adduct derived from reaction with 9-hydroxy-BaP-4,5-oxide. In the presence of either of the reductase cofactors tested, NADPH or NADH, cytochrome b5 stimulated CYP1A1-mediated formation of both BaP-DNA adducts. The results demonstrate that NADH can act as a sole electron donor for both the first and the second reduction of CYP1A1 during its reaction cycle catalyzing oxidation of BaP, and suggest that the NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase as the NADH-dependent reductase might substitute POR in this enzymatic system. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Indra
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Moserová
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šulc
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hodek
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Frei
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz H. Schmeiser
- />Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- />Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
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Milichovský J, Bárta F, Schmeiser HH, Arlt VM, Frei E, Stiborová M, Martínek V. Active Site Mutations as a Suitable Tool Contributing to Explain a Mechanism of Aristolochic Acid I Nitroreduction by Cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2 and 1B1. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:213. [PMID: 26861298 PMCID: PMC4783945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid I (AAI) is a plant drug found in Aristolochia species that causes aristolochic acid nephropathy, Balkan endemic nephropathy and their associated urothelial malignancies. AAI is activated via nitroreduction producing genotoxic N-hydroxyaristolactam, which forms DNA adducts. The major enzymes responsible for the reductive bioactivation of AAI are NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase and cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1A2. Using site-directed mutagenesis we investigated the possible mechanisms of CYP1A1/1A2/1B1-catalyzed AAI nitroreduction. Molecular modelling predicted that the hydroxyl groups of serine122/threonine124 (Ser122/Thr124) amino acids in the CYP1A1/1A2-AAI binary complexes located near to the nitro group of AAI, are mechanistically important as they provide the proton required for the stepwise reduction reaction. In contrast, the closely related CYP1B1 with no hydroxyl group containing residues in its active site is ineffective in catalyzing AAI nitroreduction. In order to construct an experimental model, mutant forms of CYP1A1 and 1A2 were prepared, where Ser122 and Thr124 were replaced by Ala (CYP1A1-S122A) and Val (CYP1A2-T124V), respectively. Similarly, a CYP1B1 mutant was prepared in which Ala133 was replaced by Ser (CYP1B1-A133S). Site-directed mutagenesis was performed using a quickchange approach. Wild and mutated forms of these enzymes were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and isolated enzymes characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy to verify correct protein folding. Their catalytic activity was confirmed with CYP1A1, 1A2 and 1B1 marker substrates. Using (32)P-postlabelling we determined the efficiency of wild-type and mutant forms of CYP1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 reconstituted with NADPH:CYP oxidoreductase to bioactivate AAI to reactive intermediates forming covalent DNA adducts. The S122A and T124V mutations in CYP1A1 and 1A2, respectively, abolished the efficiency of CYP1A1 and 1A2 enzymes to generate AAI-DNA adducts. In contrast, the formation of AAI-DNA adducts was catalyzed by CYP1B1 with the A133S mutation. Our experimental model confirms the importance of the hydroxyl group possessing amino acids in the active center of CYP1A1 and 1A2 for AAI nitroreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Milichovský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - František Bárta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Heinz H Schmeiser
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Eva Frei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Martínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Amrani I, Bulatova N, Awidi A, Yousef AM, Melhem JM, Al-Masri M, Tahoun LA. Lack of Association between CYP1A1 M2 and M4 Polymorphisms and Breast Carcinoma in Jordanian Women: a Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:387-93. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.1.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Stiborová M, Moserová M, Mrízová I, Dračínská H, Martínek V, Indra R, Frei E, Adam V, Kizek R, Schmeiser HH, Kubáčková K, Arlt VM. Induced expression of microsomal cytochrome b5 determined at mRNA and protein levels in rats exposed to ellipticine, benzo[ a]pyrene, and 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (Sudan I). MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 147:897-904. [PMID: 27110040 PMCID: PMC4828491 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The microsomal protein cytochrome b5 , which is located in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, has been shown to modulate many reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. We investigated the influence of exposure to the anticancer drug ellipticine and to two environmental carcinogens, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (Sudan I), on the expression of cytochrome b5 in livers of rats, both at the mRNA and protein levels. We also studied the effects of these compounds on their own metabolism and the formation of DNA adducts generated by their activation metabolite(s) in vitro. The relative amounts of cytochrome b5 mRNA, measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, were induced by the test compounds up to 11.7-fold in rat livers. Western blotting using antibodies raised against cytochrome b5 showed that protein expression was induced by up to sevenfold in livers of treated rats. Microsomes isolated from livers of exposed rats catalyzed the oxidation of ellipticine, BaP, and Sudan I and the formation of DNA adducts generated by their reactive metabolite(s) more effectively than hepatic microsomes isolated from control rats. All test compounds are known to induce CYP1A1. This induction is one of the reasons responsible for increased oxidation of these xenobiotics by microsomes. However, induction of cytochrome b5 can also contribute to their enhanced metabolism. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Moserová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Mrízová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Dračínská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Martínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Frei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - René Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz H Schmeiser
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kateřina Kubáčková
- Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
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Hrycay EG, Bandiera SM. Involvement of Cytochrome P450 in Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Cancer. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2015; 74:35-84. [PMID: 26233903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the formation of reactive oxygen species in biological systems and discusses the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species and CYP enzymes in cancer. Reactive oxygen species are formed in biological systems as byproducts of the reduction of molecular oxygen and include the superoxide radical anion (∙O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (∙OH), hydroperoxyl radical (HOO∙), singlet oxygen ((1)O2), and peroxyl radical (ROO∙). Two endogenous sources of reactive oxygen species are the mammalian CYP-dependent microsomal electron transport system and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. CYP enzymes catalyze the oxygenation of an organic substrate and the simultaneous reduction of molecular oxygen. If the transfer of oxygen to a substrate is not tightly controlled, uncoupling occurs and leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species are capable of causing oxidative damage to cellular membranes and macromolecules that can lead to the development of human diseases such as cancer. In normal cells, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species are maintained in balance with intracellular biochemical antioxidants to prevent cellular damage. Oxidative stress occurs when this critical balance is disrupted. Topics covered in this review include the role of reactive oxygen species in intracellular cell signaling and the relationship between CYP enzymes and cancer. Outlines of CYP expression in neoplastic tissues, CYP enzyme polymorphism and cancer risk, CYP enzymes in cancer therapy and the metabolic activation of chemical procarcinogens by CYP enzymes are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene G Hrycay
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Stelvio M Bandiera
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Wang Q, Xue Y. Characterization of solid tumors induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mice. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2015; 21:81-5. [PMID: 25913077 PMCID: PMC4435619 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.893945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the effects of single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on solid tumor initiation, and investigate their roles in immune response regulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice (100) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=20) to be intraperitoneally injected with 10 daily doses of DMSO (control), anthracene (50 mg/kg), benzo-(a)-pyrene (10 mg/kg), benzo-(a)-pyrene (20 mg/kg), and benzo-[G, H, I])-perylene (5 mg/kg), respectively. Three months later, serum IL-2 and IL-6 levels were assessed by ELISA; liver, kidney, stomach and lung tissues were subjected to histopathological examinations. RESULTS Liver cancer incidences after benzo-[G, H, I]-perylene, benzo-(a)-pyrene (10 mg/kg), benzo-(a)-pyrene (20 mg/kg), and anthracene were 21.1, 26.3, 35.3, and 27.8%, respectively; 21.1, 0, 41.2, and 0% showed stomach cancer, respectively; 0, 0, 11.8 and 0% displayed kidney cancer, respectively. The occurrences of precancerous liver lesions for benzo-[G, H, I]-perylene, benzo-(a)-pyrene (10 mg/kg), benzo-(a)-pyrene (20 mg/kg) and anthracene groups, respectively, were 68.4, 73.7, 64.7, and 55.6%; 78.9, 68.4, 29.4, and 27.8% showed precancerous stomach lesions, while 42.1, 47.4, 58.8, and 33.3% had precancerous kidney lesions; respectively. No obvious lung lesions were found in any group. Serum IL-2 and IL-6 levels in treatment groups were significantly lower compared with control values (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS PAHs induce cancer and precancerous lesions in the liver, stomach, and kidney. Benzo (a) pyrene initiates gastric cancer in a dose-dependent manner, but does not induce precancerous lung lesions. Lower IL-2 and IL-6 levels in treatment groups compared with controls suggest that PAHs cause overt immune inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulan Wang
- Clinical College, GanSu University of Chinese Tranditional Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Yongjie Xue
- Department of Pathology, San Ai Tang Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
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Baxter A, Thain S, Banerjee A, Haswell L, Parmar A, Phillips G, Minet E. Targeted omics analyses, and metabolic enzyme activity assays demonstrate maintenance of key mucociliary characteristics in long term cultures of reconstituted human airway epithelia. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:864-75. [PMID: 25863282 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
3D reconstituted respiratory epithelia have emerged as better in vitro models for toxicological testing compared to cell lines due to the conservation of key morphological features and functions. MucilAir™ is a commercially available human airway epithelia system that can potentially maintain functional attributes for up to a year, however, detailed mucociliary characteristics and xenobiotic metabolism relevant to inhaled pro-toxicant bioactivation is lacking. Here, we assessed in MucilAir™ some key biomarkers that are characteristic of the respiratory epithelia including morphology, function and xenobiotics metabolism. The end points that were measured included targeted proteomics using a panel of 243 airway surface liquid (ASL) proteins, cilia beat frequency (CBF), a qRT-PCR screen of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, and CYP2A6/13, CYP1A1/1B1 activity. Comparison of ASL proteomics with human sputum identified key proteins common to both matrices, but present at different levels. Xenobiotic metabolism gene profiling demonstrated strong similarities with the normal human lung and did not reveal any consistent changes when assessed over a 6 month period. Inducibility and activity of CYP1A1/1B1 and activity of CYP2A6/2A13 were present at one month in culture and maintained in one tested MucilAir™ donor for several months. In conclusion, MucilAir™ presented important morphological and metabolic characteristics of a mucociliary epithelium in short and long term culture. MucilAir™ is therefore a potentially useful model to test repeated sub-cytotoxic doses of toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Baxter
- BAT, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Simon Thain
- BAT, Group Research and Development Cambridge, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WA, UK
| | - Anisha Banerjee
- BAT, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Linsey Haswell
- BAT, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Aleesha Parmar
- BAT, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Gary Phillips
- BAT, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Emmanuel Minet
- BAT, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK.
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Xin L, Wang J, Wu Y, Guo S. The development ofGADD45αluciferase reporter assays in human cells for assessing the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:136-42. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.1003357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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42
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Grova N, Salquèbre G, Hardy EM, Schroeder H, Appenzeller BMR. Tetrahydroxylated-benzo[a]pyrene isomer analysis after hydrolysis of DNA-adducts isolated from rat and human white blood cells. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1364:183-91. [PMID: 25239702 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since exposure to benzo[a]pyrene is suspected to be associated with several health issues, significant efforts have been made to develop efficient strategies for the assessment of human exposure to this ubiquitous compound. In this context, a method was developed for the analysis of four tetrahydroxylated-benzo[a]pyrene isomers resulting from the hydrolysis of their respective diol-epoxide precursors which are involved in DNA-adduct formation. The analytical sensitivity necessary to reach environmental levels of concentration was obtained by using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The recovery determined at the four concentration levels were estimated in average at 83% for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±), 29% for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,t-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±), and 82% for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,C-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±). The coefficient of determination of the calibration curve was above 0.997 for all the analytes investigated and the limit of quantification ranged from 0.5 to 2 adduct/10(8) nucleotides. The precision was between 5.3% and 22.3%. The suitability of the method was firstly evaluated by the analysis of DNA isolated from white blood cells of rats submitted after controlled exposure to benzo[a]pyrene. The four targeted tetra-OH-benzo[a]pyrenes as well as two unknown isomers were detected in all the treated animals. Benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,c-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±) appeared as the most abundant isomer in both treated and control animals followed by benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±). The method was afterwards applied to the analysis of DNA isolated from white blood cells of human volunteers. The results confirmed that this method was sufficiently sensitive to monitor environmental levels of exposure since all the specimens analyzed were above the limit of quantification for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±) and two of them were positive for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,c-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±), thereby highlighting interspecies differences in the nature of the tetrahydroxylated-benzo[a]pyrene isomers formed. This study confirms the necessity to focus on all the tetrahydroxylated-benzo[a]pyrene isomers, which could be indicators of benzo[a]pyrene-associated toxicity related to an individual's own metabolism, rather than limit to a single form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Grova
- Laboratory of Analytical Human Biomonitoring, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg, 1511, Luxembourg France.
| | - Guillaume Salquèbre
- Laboratory of Analytical Human Biomonitoring, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg, 1511, Luxembourg France
| | - Emilie M Hardy
- Laboratory of Analytical Human Biomonitoring, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg, 1511, Luxembourg France
| | - Henri Schroeder
- Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, INRA UC340, 54505, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Laboratory of Analytical Human Biomonitoring, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg, 1511, Luxembourg France
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Xin L, Wang J, Guo S, Wu Y, Li X, Deng H, Kuang D, Xiao W, Wu T, Guo H. Organic extracts of coke oven emissions can induce genetic damage in metabolically competent HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:946-953. [PMID: 24709322 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coke oven emissions (COEs) containing various carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent the coal-burning pollution in the air. Organic pollutants in the aerosol and particulate matter of COEs were collected from the bottom, side, and top of a coke oven. The Comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay were conducted to analyze the genetic damage of extractable organic matter (EOM) of COEs on HepG2 cells. All the three EOMs could induce significant dose-dependent increases in Olive tail moment, tail DNA, and tail length, micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds frequencies, which were mostly positively correlated with the total PAHs concentration in each EOM. In conclusion, EOMs of COEs in the three typical working places of coke oven can induce DNA strand breaks and genomic instability in the metabolically competent HepG2 cells. The PAHs in EOMs may be important causative agents for the genotoxic effects of COEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianshu Wang
- KunShan Health Inspection Station, 458 Tongfeng Road, Kunshan 215301, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sifan Guo
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhu Wu
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohai Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huaxin Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Kuang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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Uno S, Sakurai K, Nebert DW, Makishima M. Protective role of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) against benzo[a]pyrene-induced toxicity in mouse aorta. Toxicology 2014; 316:34-42. [PMID: 24394547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is an environmental pollutant produced by combustive processes, such as cigarette smoke and coke ovens, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) plays a role in both metabolic activation and detoxication of BaP in a context-dependent manner. The role of CYP1A1 in BaP-induced toxicity in aorta remains unknown. First, we fed Apoe⁻/⁻ mice an atherogenic diet plus BaP and found that oral BaP-enhanced atherosclerosis is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory markers, such as plasma tumor necrosis factor levels and aortic mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa). We next examined the effect of an atherogenic diet plus BaP on ROS and inflammatory markers in Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice. Although this treatment was not sufficient to induce atherosclerotic lesions in Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice, plasma antioxidant levels were decreased in Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice even in the absence of BaP treatment. The atherogenic diet plus BaP effectively elevated plasma ROS levels and expression of atherosclerosis-related genes, specifically Vegfa, in Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice compared with wild-type mice. BaP treatment increased Vegfa mRNA levels in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice but not from wild-type mice. BaP-induced DNA adduct formation was increased in the aorta of Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice, but not wild-type or Apoe⁻/⁻ mice, and the atherogenic diet decreased BaP-induced DNA adducts in Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice compared with mice on a control diet. These data suggest that ROS production contributes to BaP-exacerbated atherosclerosis and that CYP1A1 plays a protective role against oral BaP toxicity in aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Uno
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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Álvarez-González I, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Castro-García S. Antigenotoxic capacity of beta-caryophyllene in mouse, and evaluation of its antioxidant and GST induction activities. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:849-59. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | - Seydi Castro-García
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
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