1
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Zhao Y, Wang M, Chu W. Neurotoxicity and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135611. [PMID: 39173387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been called "forever chemicals" due to their inherent chemical stability. Their potential toxic effects on aquatic animals and health risk assessments have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of PFASs at environmentally relevant concentrations (200 ng/L) on crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The results showed that PFAS reduced the comfort behaviour of crucian carp and was associated with reduced levels of acetylcholinesterase and dopamine in the brain. PFAS exposure also decreased the activities of total superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, while increasing the levels of malondialdehyde. PFAS caused over-expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ and stress-related genes Caspase-3, HSP-70 in the fish brain. Pathological staining showed that PFAS caused multifocal demyelination and perineural vacuolization in brain, intestinal tissue also showed reduced villus length and focal damage. PFASs altered the composition of the gut microbiota of crucian carp, significantly increasing the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria and the potential pathogenicity of the microbiota. It is suggested that PFASs may cause varying degrees of tissue damage by destabilising the gut microbiota. These results provide insights for assessing the toxicity of PFAS contaminants at aquatic environmental concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Minyu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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2
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Alam MR, Dobhal V, Singh S. Neuroprotective potential of solanesol against tramadol induced zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease: insights from neurobehavioral, molecular, and neurochemical evidence. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38938099 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2355542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and subsequent depletion of dopamine in the striatum. Solanesol, an alcohol that acts as a precursor to coenzyme Q10, possesses potential applications in managing neurological disorders with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuromodulatory potential. In this study, a zebrafish model was employed to investigate the effects of solanesol in tramadol induced PD like symptoms. Zebrafish were administered tramadol injections (50 mg/kg) over a 20-day period. Solanesol was administered at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, three hours prior to tramadol administration from day 11 to day 20. Behavioral tests assessing motor coordination were conducted on a weekly basis using open field and novel diving tank apparatus. On day 21, the zebrafish were euthanized, and brain tissues were examined for markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitters level. Chronic tramadol treatment resulted in motor impairment, reduced antioxidant enzyme levels, enhanced release of proinflammatory cytokines in the striatum, and disrupted neurotransmitter balance. However, solanesol administration mitigated these effects and exhibited a neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative alterations in the zebrafish model of PD. This was evident through improvements in behavior, modulation of biochemical markers, attenuation of neuroinflammation, restoration of neurotransmitters level, and enhancement of mitochondrial activity. The histopathological study also confirmed that solanesol dose dependently restored neuronal cell density which confirmed its neuroprotective potential. Further investigations are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of solanesol neuroprotective effects and evaluate its efficacy in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reyaz Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Vaishali Dobhal
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
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3
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Peng H, Wang H, Li W, Jing C, Zhang W, Zhao H, Hu F. Life-cycle exposure to tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) causes alterations in antioxidative status, ion regulation and histology of zebrafish gills. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 274:109746. [PMID: 37717676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has been receiving great concerns owing to its ubiquitous occurrence in various environmental compartments and potential risks to wildlife and humans. Gill is structural basis for ion regulation and homeostasis in fish and susceptible to xenobiotics. However, current knowledge on the impacts of long-term exposure to TCEP on the structure and physiological function of fish gills are insufficient. In this work, zebrafish were exposed to environmental realistic concentrations (0.8, 4, 20 and 100 μg/L) of TCEP from 3 h post ferterlization (hpf) till 120 days post ferterlization (dpf). Our results demonstrated that life-cycle exposure to TCEP significantly decreased the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), but elevated the activities of antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in zebrafish gills. Gene transcription analysis implied that the mRNA expressions of antioxidant-related genes (nrf2, cat and nqo1) were induced, while the transcription of gstα1, hmox1, keap1 were down-regulated, indicating that Nrf2-Keap1 pathway might be activated to defend the oxidative stress induced by TCEP. Additionally, the ion homeostasis was disrupted by TCEP exposure, evidenced by reduced activities of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase and downregulated transcription levels of ncc, nkcc, cftr and clc-3. Besides, whole-life exposure to TCEP resulted in a series of structural damages to gills, including epithelial lifting, epithelial rupture, telangiectasis, vacuolation, edema and shortened gill lamellae. Overall, our results demonstrated that long-term TCEP exposure could induce oxidative stress, affect ion regulation and cause histological changes in zebrafish gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangke Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chen Jing
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haocheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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4
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Gao D, Kong C, Liao H, Junaid M, Pan T, Chen X, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang J. Interactive effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates on the histomorphology, oxidative stress and gut microbiota in Hainan Medaka (Oryzias curvinotus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163307. [PMID: 37030384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics adsorb surrounding organic contaminants in the environment, which alters the physicochemical properties of contaminants and affects associated ecotoxicological effects on aquatic life. The current work aims to explore the individual and combined toxicological implications of polystyrene nanoplastics (80 nm) and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (Cl-PFAES, trade name: F-53B) in an emerging freshwater fish model Hainan Medaka (Oryzias curvinotus). Therefore, O. curvinotus were exposed to 200 μg/L of PS-NPs or 500 μg/L of F-53B in the single or mixture exposure for 7 days to investigate the effects on fluorescence accumulation, tissue damage, antioxidant capacity and intestinal flora. The PS-NPs fluorescence intensity was significantly higher in the single exposure treatment than it in combined exposure treatment (p < 0.01). Histopathological results showed that exposure to PS-NPs or F-53B inflicted varying degree of damages to the gill, liver, and intestine, and these damage were also present in the corresponding tissues of the combined treatment group, illustrating a stronger extent of destruction of these tissues by the combined treatment. Compared to the control group, combined exposure group elevated the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities except in the gill. In addition, the adverse contribution of PS-NPs and F-53B on the enteric flora in the single and combined exposure groups was mainly characterised in the form of reductions in the number of probiotic bacteria (Firmicutes) and this reduction was aggravated by the combined exposure group. Collectively, our results indicated that the toxicological effects of PS-NPs and F-53B on pathology, antioxidant capacity and microbiomics of medaka may be modulated by the interaction of two contaminants with mutually interactive effects. And our work offers fresh information on the combined toxicity of PS-NPs and F-53B to aquatic creatures along with a molecular foundation for the environmental toxicological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunmiao Kong
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongping Liao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Pan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xikun Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiuping Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Feng T, Mou L, Ou G, Liu L, Zhang Y, Hu D. Comparative analysis of toxicity and metabolomic profiling of rac-glufosinate and L-glufosinate in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106618. [PMID: 37451187 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Glufosinate is a chiral pesticide, with commercial formulations such as racemic glufosinate (rac-glufosinate) and pure L-glufosinate enantiomer (L-glufosinate) on the market. There has been little research on the difference in toxicity to non-target organisms between these two main ingredients. The effects of rac-glufosinate and L-glufosinate on glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in zebrafish were investigated in this study. The effect of two glufosinate agents at low concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 mg/L) on these four oxidative indicators was found to be significantly lower than that of high concentrations (1 and 10 mg/L). L-glufosinate had a stronger enhancing effect on CAT, GR, and MDA content than rac-glufosinate and a stronger inhibitory effect on SOD activity than rac-glufosinate. The researchers used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectroscopy metabolomics to compare rac-glufosinate and L-glufosinate for metabolic disorders in adult zebrafish. Stable and obvious metabolic maps of the two agents were obtained using multivariate statistical results, such as principal component analysis and orthogonal partial minimum discriminant analysis. Compared to the control group, the rac-glufosinate and L-glufosinate treatment groups shared 151 differential metabolites, which primarily affected zebrafish energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. Caffeine metabolism and biotin metabolism were among the unique pathways disrupted in rac-glufosinate-exposed zebrafish. Contrarily, L-glufosinate treatment primarily affected eight metabolic pathways, including arginine biosynthesis, melanogenesis, and glutathione metabolism. These findings may provide more detailed information on the toxicity of rac-glufosinate and L-glufosinate in zebrafish, as well as some context for assessing the environmental risk of the two glufosinate agents to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lianhong Mou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guipeng Ou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ling Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Deyu Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Li J, Jin Q, Li S, Wang Y, Yuan S, Chen S, Zhang Z, Liu C. Effects of profenofos on the growth, reproduction, behavior, and gene transcription of Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27669-9. [PMID: 37209339 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Profenofos (PFF) is an organophosphorus pesticide frequently detected in surface waters, soil habitats, and even biota. Some studies have demonstrated the potential risks of PFF to aquatic organisms. However, most of these studies were focused on its acute rather than chronic impacts, and the subjects are usually large vertebrates. Here, we treated D. magna (< 24 h) with PFF at doses of 0, 0.07, 0.28, and 1.12 mg/L for 21 days to study its long-term toxic impacts. Exposure to PFF largely decreased the survival rate and inhibited the growth and reproduction of D. magna. Then, PCR arrays were used to evaluate the changes in the expression of 13 genes related to growth, reproduction, and swimming behavior. The results revealed that the expression of several genes was dramatically changed by exposure to each dose of PFF, which might be responsible for the observed toxic effects of PFF. In summary, our findings imply that long-term PFF exposure can be highly hazardous to the growth, development, and reproduction of D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingzhao Jin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoyun Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunze Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Siliang Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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7
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Rahman ANA, Mohamed AAR, Dahran N, Farag MFM, Alqahtani LS, Nassan MA, AlThobaiti SA, El-Naseery NI. Appraisal of sub-chronic exposure to lambada-cyhalothrin and/or methomyl on the behavior and hepato-renal functioning in Oreochromis niloticus: Supportive role of taurine-supplemented feed. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 250:106257. [PMID: 35933907 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The existing study was designed to inspect the toxicological consequences of two pesticides; lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and methomyl (MTM) and their combination on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) behaviors, oxidative stress, hepato-renal function indices and microarchitectural alterations. In addition, the efficiency of taurine (TUR) to rescue their toxicity was also considered. Juvenile O. niloticus were assigned into eight groups. The control and TUR groups were fed on a basal diet and TUR-enriched (10 g kg1) diet, respectively. The other groups were fed on a basal diet, and exposed to LCT (0.079 µg L-1), MTM (20.39 µg L-1 and (LCT + MTM). The last three groups were (LCT + TUR), (MTM + TUR), and (LCT + MTM + TUR) and fed on a TUR-enriched diet during exposure to LCT and/or MTM for 60 days. The exposure to LCT and/or MTM resulted in several behavioral alterations and stress via enhanced cortisol and nor-epinephrine levels. A significant elevation of serum 8-hydroxy-2- deoxyguanosine, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase, Alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine was also observed in these groups. Furthermore, reduced antioxidant enzymes activities, including (catlase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) with marked histopathological lesions in both liver and kidney tissues were detected. The up-regulated Bax and down-regulated Bcl-2 proteins were expressed in the liver and kidney tissues of LCT and/or MTM -exposed groups. Interestingly, all the observed alterations in behaviors, biochemical indices, and histo-architecture of renal and hepatic tissues were mitigated by TUR supplementation. The findings suggest that feeding O. niloticus dietary TUR may help to reduce the negative effects of LCT and/or MTM, and can also support kidney and liver health in O. niloticus, making it a promising aquaculture feed supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf N Abdel Rahman
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Sharkia, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F M Farag
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Leena S Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saed Ayidh AlThobaiti
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nesma I El-Naseery
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
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Liu S, Wang L, Chen K, Yang H, Ling M, Wu L, Zhou X, Ma G, Bai L. Combined effects of S-metolachlor and benoxacor on embryo development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113565. [PMID: 35512469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is necessary to study the combined toxicity of an herbicide and its safener because the two are often used in combination. S-metolachlor and its safener benoxacor have been detected in aquatic environments and can individually damage the oxidative stress system in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). However, only their separate toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo development has been reported. This study assessed the combined toxicity of benoxacor and S-metolachlor in zebrafish embryo development, including acute toxicity, developmental toxicity, oxidative damage, and cell apoptosis. The 96-h LC50 values were higher in mixtures of benoxacor and S-metolachlor than in benoxacor alone. The treatments included S-metolachlor, Mix-1 (0.1 mg/L benoxacor + 0.1 mg/L S-metolachlor), Mix-2 (0.1 mg/L benoxacor + 0.3 mg/L S-metolachlor) and benoxacor alone. Embryos exposed to Mix-1 and Mix-2 had lower developmental toxicities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, osx and cat expression levels than those exposed to benoxacor alone. Moreover, glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and the expressions of tbx16, nrf2, bcl2, and caspase9 were higher in the mixtures than in the benoxacor group. High-throughput RNA sequencing revealed that benoxacor had a greater effect on gene regulation than Mix-1 and Mix-2. The malformation rate, different enrichment gene numbers, and gene expression levels of hatched embryos were higher in Mix-1 than in Mix-2. The results indicate that a mixture of S-metolachlor and benoxacor has antagonistic effects in the early stage of embryo development. The mixtures can break the reactive oxygen species balance, causing abnormal cell apoptosis and developmental malformation in embryos. Besides investigating the combined toxicity of benoxacor and S-metolachlor in zebrafish embryo development, this study provides a risk assessment basis for a herbicide combined with its safener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Liu
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, PR China; Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, PR China; Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, PR China.
| | - Ke Chen
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, PR China; Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Haona Yang
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, PR China
| | - Min Ling
- Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Changsha, PR China
| | - Lamei Wu
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xiaomao Zhou
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, PR China; Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Guolan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, PR China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, PR China; Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, PR China.
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9
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Al-Emran M, Hasan NA, Khan MP, Islam SMM, Bashar A, Zulfahmi I, Shahjahan M, Sumon KA. Alterations in hematological parameters and the structure of peripheral erythrocytes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to profenofos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29049-29061. [PMID: 34993795 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The burden of pesticide use from agricultural intensification lies in the fact that pesticides may end up in aquatic ecosystems and have pernicious effects on non-target organisms, including fish. Different blood biomarkers, including hemato-biochemical indices, erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA), and erythrocytic cellular abnormalities (ECA), were observed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to varying sub-lethal concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of 96-h LC50) of profenofos at different time intervals (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). The results revealed that glucose and white blood cell (WBC) levels significantly increased, while hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC), and packed cell volume (PCV) significantly decreased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Aberrant erythrocytic morphology-derived ENA, such as nuclear degeneration, micronuclear formation, binuclear development, nuclear budding, and karyopyknosis, significantly increased with time in profenofos-exposed groups compared to controls. Between the treatment and control groups, a significant execution was discerned for teardrop and fusion type ECA. For other cellular aberrations of erythrocytes, including elongated, twin, and spindle, a significant difference appeared only at the beginning of the experiment (day 7). This study concludes that the presence of widely used profenofos in aquatic systems has a pernicious effect on Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al-Emran
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Neaz A Hasan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Polash Khan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - S M Majharul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Bashar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ilham Zulfahmi
- Department of Fisheries Resources Utilization, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kizar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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10
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Tamandani M, Hashemi SH, Kaykhaii M, Jamali Keikha A, Nasiriyan A. Determination of profenofos in seawater and foodstuff samples after its molecularly imprinted polymer pipette-tip micro solid phase extraction optimized by response surface methodology. BMC Chem 2022; 16:12. [PMID: 35292077 PMCID: PMC8922791 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this research, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized and employed as a sorbent for pipette-tip micro solid phase extraction of profenofos insecticide in seawater, rice, and fish samples. The instrument employed for quantitation was spectrophotometry. Results Various factors affecting the microextraction protocol, including type and volume of the elution solvent, weight of MIP, pH and volume of sample solution, and number of cycles of loading and desorption were considered and optimized using one-factor-at-a-time, central composite design and Box-Behnken design. Factors optimized at: pH 4.0, amount of sorbent 2.5 mg, volume of methanol:acetic (9:1) acid as eluent 250 µL, both the number of extraction and elution cycles 5, and volume of sample 8.0 mL. At optimized conditions, an enrichment factor of 31 was achieved and the linearity range of the method was between 1.0 and 1000.0 µg/L. A good detection limit of 0.33 µg/L with a reproducibility better than 5.6% (as RSD) was observed. Conclusion The technique showed good analytical features for determination of profenofos in seawater, rice, and fish samples. Simplicity of operation of spectrophotometry and lack of using expensive HPLC grade solvents are other points of strengths of this method. The total analysis time was about 10 min, which is far less than techniques such as HPLC. Comparison between optimization with central composite design and Box–Behnken design showed better performance of the former. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13065-022-00807-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Tamandani
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Sayyed Hossein Hashemi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Massoud Kaykhaii
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ahmad Jamali Keikha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Ali Nasiriyan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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11
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Lihui X, Xiaojie Q, Hao Y, Jialiang C, Jinming G, Ying C. Albicanol modulates oxidative stress and the p53 axis to suppress profenofos induced genotoxicity in grass carp hepatocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:325-333. [PMID: 35143987 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The organophosphorus pesticide profenofos (PFF) is widely used as an environmental contaminant, and it can remain in water bodies causing serious harm to aquatic organisms. Albicanol is a sesquiterpenoid with potent antioxidant and antagonistic activities against heavy metal toxicity. However, the mechanism of PFF induced genotoxicity in fish hepatocytes and the role Albicanol can play in this process are unknown. In this study, the model was established by treating grass carp hepatocytes with PFF (150 μM) and/or Albicanol (5 × 10-5 μg mL-1) for 24 h. The results showed that PFF exposure arrested L8824 cells in the G1-S phase. PFF caused the increase of MDA level in L8824 cells, while the decrease of SOD, CAT and T-AOC levels caused oxidative stress. Elevated levels of γH2AX, tail moment, tail length, % DNA and 8-OHdG indicated that PFF caused DNA damage in L8824 cells. PFF inhibited the expression levels of cell cycle related regulatory genes (cyclin A, cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4) by upregulating p53/p21 genes and activating the p53 signaling pathway. Albicanol was used to significantly reduce the above effects caused by PFF exposure on hepatocytes in grass carp. Albicanol could reduce the increase in the proportion of cells in the G1-S phase caused by PFF. In summary, Albicanol could inhibit the genotoxicity of L8824 cells resulted from PFF exposure by decreasing oxidative stress and the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lihui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qiu Xiaojie
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yu Hao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chu Jialiang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guo Jinming
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Chang Ying
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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12
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Lihui X, Jinming G, Yalin G, Hemeng W, Hao W, Ying C. Albicanol inhibits the toxicity of profenofos to grass carp hepatocytes cells through the ROS/PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:325-336. [PMID: 34856373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Profenofos (PFF) as an environmental pollutant seriously harms the health of aquatic animals, and even endangers human safety through the food chain. Albicanol, a sesquiterpenoid extraction from the Dryopteris fragrans, has previously been shown to effectively exhibit anti-aging, anti-oxidant, and antagonize the toxicity of heavy metals. However, the mechanism of hepatocyte toxicity caused by PFF and the role that Albicanol plays in this process are still unclear. In this study, a PFF poisoning model was established by treating grass carp hepatocytes cells with PFF (150 μM) for 24 h The results of AO/EB staining, Tunel staining and flow cytometry showed that the proportion of apoptotic liver cells increased significantly after exposure. The results of ROS staining show that compared with the control group, ROS levels and PTEN/PI3K/AKT-related gene expression were up-regulated after PFF exposure. RT-qPCR and Western blotting results showed that the expression of PTEN/PI3K/AKT related genes was up-regulated. These results indicate that PFF can induce oxidative stress in hepatocytes and inhibit the phosphorylation of AKT. We further found that the expressions of Bax, CytC, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Caspase-8 and TNFR1 after PFF exposure were significantly higher than those of the control group, and Bcl-2/Bax was significantly lower than that of the control group. These results indicate that PFF can induce oxidative stress in hepatocytes and inhibit the phosphorylation of AKT and activate mitochondrial apoptosis. Using Albicanol (5 × 10-5 μg mL-1) can significantly reduce the above-mentioned effects of PFF exposure on grass carp hepatocytes cells. In summary, Albicanol inhibits PFF-induced apoptosis by regulating the ROS/PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lihui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guo Jinming
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Guan Yalin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wang Hemeng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wu Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Chang Ying
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Lewandowski V, Sary C, Casetta J, De Souza FP, De Castro PL, Goes ESDR, De Oliveira CAL, Ribeiro RP, Vargas L. GENETIC VARIABILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF ZEBRAFISH (Cyprinidae Danio rerio) STOCKS. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v27n2.87739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Specimens of cultured zebrafish acquired from different fish farms in Brazil may show genetic variability and alteration in allele frequency due to genetic drift and selective pressure in a captive environment, resulting in the differentiation of productive and reproductive characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability and reproductive characteristics of 180 zebrafish specimens from six Brazilian fish farms. A deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in all evaluated stocks. Differentiation among stocks was observed in the amount of genetic variability with respect to observed heterozygosity and the inbreeding coefficient (FIS). Genetic distance between stocks was determined through the Fst index, and the formation of four distinct groups was observed by plotting the dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance. Differences were observed among reproductive parameters, such as the average number of eggs per female and hatchability. This second parameter proved to be related to the level of inbreeding of the population, whereas this effect was not observed for spawning frequency. We conclude that zebrafish stocks from the 6 different Brazilian fish farms present significant genetic and phenotypic variability. The genetic structure affects fecundity and should be considered when carrying out work where reproductive rates are evaluated.
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14
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Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A, Abdel Rahman AN, Salem GA, Deib MM, Nassan MA, Rhouma NR, Khater SI. The Antioxidant Role of a Taurine-Enriched Diet in Combating the Immunotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Pyrethroids and/or Carbamates in Oreochromis niloticus. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051318. [PMID: 34062969 PMCID: PMC8148011 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Insecticidal pollution of surface waters is known to hurt the growth, survival, and breeding of aquatic animals. Different types of insecticides are known to be toxic to different aquatic organisms, particularly to fish species. In different types of wastewater, the fishes get exposed to different mixtures of insecticides. The current study hypothesized that co-exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and methomyl (MTM) insecticides might be more harmful due to duplicated effects than exposure to either one of them at a time. Oreochromis niloticus was the target fish in this study. The combative roles of taurine (TUR) against LCT and MTM exposures were evaluated. In the present work, exposure of O. niloticus to LCT and/or MTM exhibited adverse effects on immunological parameters, including leukocyte count, complement 3 concentration, antioxidant enzyme concentrations, and mRNA expression for cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and chemokines (CC and CXC). This study also elucidated the more severe toxic effect of LCT than exposure to MTM in O. niloticus fish. The immune response and growth performance of O. niloticus showed marked improvements when provided a 1% TUR-enriched supplement. Abstract Indiscriminate use of insecticides is a major concern due to its ubiquitous occurrence and potential toxicity to aquatic animals. This study investigated the adverse effects of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT; C23H19ClF3NO3) and methomyl (MTM; C5H10N2O2S) on immune system modulations and growth performance of juvenile fishes. The supportive role of a taurine (TUR; C2H7NO3S)-supplemented diet was also evaluated. Juvenile O. niloticus fishes were exposed to LCT (0.079 µg/L), MTM (20.39 µg/L), or both in water and were fed on a basal diet only or taurine-supplemented basal diet. Exposure to LCT and MTM retarded growth and increased mortality rate. LCT and MTM reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and innate and humoral immunity but upregulated interleukin and chemokine expressions. Moreover, exposure to LCT and MTM elevated 8-OHdG levels and increased the mortality of Oreochromis niloticus after the experimental bacterial challenge. The TUR-enriched diet enhanced antioxidant enzymes and acted as a growth promoter and anti-inflammatory agent. TUR can modify innate and adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, TUR supplementation is a beneficial additive candidate for mitigating LCT and MTM toxicities mixed with O. niloticus aquafeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.-R.M.); (A.N.A.R.)
| | - Afaf N. Abdel Rahman
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.-R.M.); (A.N.A.R.)
| | - Gamal A. Salem
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Al-Jufra University, Houn 61602, Libya
| | - Maha M.El Deib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt; (M.M.E.D.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Mohamed A. Nassan
- Department of clinical laboratory sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nasreddin R. Rhouma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Misurata University, Misurata 2478, Libya;
| | - Safaa I. Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt; (M.M.E.D.); (S.I.K.)
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15
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Farag MR, Mahmoud HK, El-Sayed SAA, Ahmed SYA, Alagawany M, Abou-Zeid SM. Neurobehavioral, physiological and inflammatory impairments in response to bifenthrin intoxication in Oreochromis niloticus fish: Role of dietary supplementation with Petroselinum crispum essential oil. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 231:105715. [PMID: 33341507 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conceptualized in order to assess the 96-h LC50 of bifenthrin (BF) in O. niloticus and also to measure the biochemical, behavioral, and molecular responses of the fish suchronically exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of the insecticide. The role of Petroselinum crispum essential oil (PEO) supplementation in mitigating the resulted neurotoxic insult was also investigated. The acute toxicity study revealed that the 96-h LC50 of BF is 6.81 μg/L, and varying degrees of behavioral changes were recorded in a dose-dependent manner. The subchronic study revealed reduction of dissolved oxygen and increased ammonia in aquaria of BF-exposed fish. Clinical signs revealed high degree of discomfort and aggressiveness together with reductions in survival rate and body weight gain. The levels of monoamines in brain, and GABA and amino acids in serum were reduced, together with decreased activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and acetylcholine esterases (AchE). The activities of antioxidant enzymes were also diminshed in the brain while oxdative damage and DNA breaks were elevated. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in serum increased with overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain tissue. BF also upregulated the expression of brain-stress related genes HSP70, Caspase-3 and P53. Supplemention of PEO to BF markedly abrogated the toxic impacts of the insecticide, specially at the high level. These findings demonstrate neuroprotective, antioxidant, genoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptic effects of PEO in BF-intoxicated fish. Based on these mechanistic insights of PEO, we recommend its use as an invaluable supplement in the fish feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Hemat K Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Sabry A A El-Sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Sarah Y A Ahmed
- Microbiology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa M Abou-Zeid
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
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16
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Sutha J, Anila PA, Umamaheswari S, Ramesh M, Narayanasamy A, Poopal RK, Ren Z. Biochemical responses of a freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34369-34387. [PMID: 32557019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala were exposed to tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) with three different concentrations (0.04, 0.2, and 1 mg/L) for a period of 21 days. During the study period, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in gills, liver, and kidney tissues, whereas glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (except liver tissue) activities were inhibited when compared to the control group. Likewise, exposure to TCEP significantly (p < 0.05) altered the biochemical (glucose and protein) and electrolyte (sodium, potassium, and chloride) levels of fish. Light microscopic studies exhibited series of histopathological anomalies in the gills, liver, and kidney tissues. The present study reveals that TCEP at tested concentrations causes adverse effects on fish and the studied biomarkers could be used for monitoring the ecotoxicity of organophosphate esters (OPEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesudass Sutha
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Pottanthara Ashokan Anila
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Sathisaran Umamaheswari
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India.
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteiomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Rama-Krishnan Poopal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Mohamed AAR, Rahman ANA, Mohammed HH, Ebraheim LLM, Abo-ElMaaty AMA, Ali SA, Elhady WM. Neurobehavioral, apoptotic, and DNA damaging effects of sub-chronic profenofos exposure on the brain tissue of Cyprinus carpio L.: Antagonistic role of Geranium essential oil. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 224:105493. [PMID: 32408004 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the contamination of water with different insecticides like profenofos (PFF) is a critical concern in the aquatic ecosystem. There are limited studies available on the negative impacts of PFF on common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L.). Therefore, the existing study was designed to investigate the effect of PFF exposure (1/10 of the 96 h-LC50) on the neurobehavior, growth performance, chemical composition, oxidative status, DNA damage, apoptotic status and histological indices of the brain and gill tissues. In addition, this study seeks to detect the ability of geranium essential oil (GEO) dietary supplementation to mitigate the negative impacts of PFF. Accordingly, a total of 120 healthy fish were divided into four groups: the control group, fed on basal diet only; the other groups were fed on a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg kg-1 GEO, basal diet and PFF in water (PFF group), and supplemented diet with GEO and PFF in water (GEO + PFF), respectively, for 60 days. The results showed that PFF significantly reduced fish growth performance, crude protein, and lipid contents. It caused several behavioral alterations including spiral movement, decreased activeness, and changes in feeding behavior. Moreover, PFF increased the DNA tail length, tail moment, and the level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Histologically, PFF induced a wide array of circulatory, inflammatory, regressive and progressive alterations in the brain and gill tissues. PFF significantly downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated caspase-3 immuno-expression in both organs. Further, it considerably depleted the antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. The GEO supplementation did not reach the respective control values but markedly improved most of the behavioral, physical, biochemical, oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory markers, altered by PFF exposure. It also protected the gill and brain tissues from the branchial and encephalopathic effects of PFF. These findings suggest that GEO dietary supplements could be advantageous for mitigating PFF negative impacts and presenting a promising feed additive for common carp in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt.
| | - Afaf N Abdel Rahman
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt.
| | - Hesham H Mohammed
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa L M Ebraheim
- Department of Histology and Cytology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt
| | - Azza M A Abo-ElMaaty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt
| | - Sozan A Ali
- Department of Histology and Cytology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt
| | - Walaa M Elhady
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt
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18
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Gonçalves ÍFS, Souza TM, Vieira LR, Marchi FC, Nascimento AP, Farias DF. Toxicity testing of pesticides in zebrafish-a systematic review on chemicals and associated toxicological endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10185-10204. [PMID: 32062774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) has arisen as a promising biological platform for toxicity testing of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. Therefore, it is relevant to assess the use of zebrafish in models of exposure to investigate the diversity of pesticide-associated toxicity endpoints which have been reported. Thus, this review aimed to assess the recent literature on the use of zebrafish in pesticide toxicity studies to capture data on the types of pesticide used, classes of pesticides, and zebrafish life stages associated with toxicity endpoints and phenotypic observations. A total of 352 articles published between September 2012 and May 2019 were curated. The results show an increased trend in the use of zebrafish for testing the toxicity of pesticides, with a great diversity of pesticides (203) and chemical classes (58) with different applications (41) being used. Furthermore, experimental outcomes could be clustered in 13 toxicity endpoints, mainly developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity. Organophosphorus, pyrethroid, azole, and triazine were the most studied classes of pesticides and associated with various toxicity endpoints. Studies frequently opted for early life stages (embryos and larvae). Although there is an evident lack of standardization of nomenclatures and phenotypic alterations, the information gathered here highlights associations between (classes of) pesticides and endpoints, which can be used to relate mechanisms of action specific to certain classes of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íris Flávia Sousa Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, CEP, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Campus Pici, CEP, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Maria Souza
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonardo Rogério Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Campus Pici, CEP, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Filipi Calbaizer Marchi
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, CEP, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Adailton Pascoal Nascimento
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, CEP, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Davi Felipe Farias
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, CEP, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil.
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Campus Pici, CEP, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Brazil.
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Dar OI, Sharma S, Singh K, Kaur A. Teratogenicity and accumulation of triclosan in the early life stages of four food fish during the bioassay. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:346-354. [PMID: 30954000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
TCS [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol] caused a concentration dependent delay in embryonic development, delay and decline in hatching and reduction in length and weight of hatchlings along with an increase in abnormal/deformed embryos and larvae and percent mortality. These parameters varied in a species specific manner and increased with TCS residue in body. The 96 h LC50 values of TCS for Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala were estimated at 0.315, 0.116, 0.096 and 0.131 mg/L, respectively. Hatching got delayed by 16.33 h for C. carpio (0.47 and 0.50 mg/L TCS) and C. idella (0.20 mg/L TCS) but by 18.07 h for L. rohita (0.15 mg/L TCS) and by 19.33 h for C. mrigala (0.18 mg/L TCS). Spine malformations, oedema (yolk sac and cardiac) and deflated swim bladder were present in 100% larvae of C. carpio, C. idella, L. rohita and C. mrigala at 0.30, 0.08, 0.13 and 0.14 mg/L TCS, respectively. TCS also caused hemorrhage (all but C. idella, only 3.33%), albinism and deformed caudal fin (C. idella), hypopigmentation and rupturing of yolk sac (C. mrigala), gas bubble disease (C. mrigala and L. rohita), fusion of eyes (C. carpio) and degeneration of digestive tract (L. rohita) in 10-40% hatchlings. Exposed hatchlings were very weak and paralyzed, could not swim and remained settled at the bottom of jars. Embryonic development was observed to be an early indicator of the toxicity of TCS as oedema and bubbles in yolk were observed in 40-100% embryos/hatchlings at 0.08 mg/L TCS while 100% mortality was observed between 0.15 and 0.50 mg/L TCS. L. rohita was most sensitive and C. carpio was least sensitive to the stress of TCS. Accumulation of TCS in the hatchlings (1/10 of TCS in water) after 96 h exposure hints that even small quantities of TCS may change species diversity in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owias Iqbal Dar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Kirpal Singh
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Deng S, Fu A, Junaid M, Wang Y, Yin Q, Fu C, Liu L, Su DS, Bian WP, Pei DS. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) perturb redox-sensitive system via the selective inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities in zebrafish. Biomaterials 2019; 206:61-72. [PMID: 30925289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are well-known for its potential applications for bioimaging, biosensor, and drug carrier in biomedicine. GQDs are well characteristic of intrinsic peroxidase-like catalytic activity, which is proven effective in scavenging the free radicals, such assuperoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical. GQDs are also well praised for its low in vivo and in vitro toxicity. Here, we found that nitrogen-doped GQDs (N-GQDs) can strongly disturb redox-sensitive system via the selective inhibition of endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities in zebrafish. The enzyme activities or transcription levels of a battery of hemoproteins including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), respiratory chain complex I, complex Ⅲ, hemoglobin (Hb), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), were significantly suppressed by N-GQDs. We also found that N-GQDs activated the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (e.g. cyp1a) and the associated aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressors (ahrr1 and ahrr2) in zebrafish embryos. Compared to the ultrasmall graphene oxide (USGO), N-GQDs exhibited stronger fluorescent permeability and tissue-specific bio-accumulative effects. Taken together, our findings highlighted that exposure to N-GQDs can disrupt endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, possibly via the competitive inhibition of electron transfer process. Our results in this study provided solid data for biosafety evaluations of various types of GQDs, and created an alert for the future biomedical applications of N-GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ailing Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Chen Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Su
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wan-Ping Bian
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Llanos-Rivera A, Castro LR, Vásquez P, Silva J, Bay-Schmith E. The impact of kraft pulping effluent on egg survival and hatching success in two species of Clupeiformes (Teleostei). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25269-25279. [PMID: 29946836 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) and sardine (Strangomera bentincki) are coastal pelagic species with important spawning areas off the coast of Chile. The discharge of secondary-treated effluents from a kraft pulp plant near one of these spawning areas has raised environmental concerns. Therefore, effluent effects on the development of anchoveta and sardine eggs were assessed by in vitro exposure. Eggs were sampled between 2007 and 2010 off Talcahuano, Chile. Subsequent toxicity tests (96 h duration, 12 °C) were performed using increasing effluent concentrations, a filtered seawater control, and two potassium dichromate concentrations (to verify consistent embryonic sensitivity). Egg mortality and hatching success were evaluated. For anchoveta, mortality (9.9 ± 7.1%) did not significantly differ among groups in five toxicity tests except the final toxicity test that showed significant differences in mortality (5.6% control vs 27.8% in 100% effluent). For sardines, no differences in mortality existed between the effluent dilutions (2.6 ± 3.6%) and control (6.3 ± 3.9%). Notably, anchoveta egg survival and hatching success rates were inconsistent, i.e., the highest rates of hatching failure occurred on the same sampling date with the highest rates of survival for the 100% effluent group (72%). In conclusion, the obtained results indicate that (i) anchoveta egg mortality and hatching failure increase only under 100% effluent exposure, coinciding with decreased egg quality near the end of spawning season and (ii) high effluent dilutions not significantly increase sardine and anchoveta egg mortalities. Nevertheless, the recorded adverse effects to the hatching process should be studied in greater detail, particularly considering interspecific variability and the complexity of reproductive processes, especially during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Llanos-Rivera
- Programa de Investigación Marina de Excelencia (PIMEX-Nueva Aldea), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile.
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Leonardo R Castro
- Programa de Investigación Marina de Excelencia (PIMEX-Nueva Aldea), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
- Centro COPAS Sur Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paulina Vásquez
- Programa de Investigación Marina de Excelencia (PIMEX-Nueva Aldea), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jeannette Silva
- Programa de Investigación Marina de Excelencia (PIMEX-Nueva Aldea), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioensayos, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Enrique Bay-Schmith
- Programa de Investigación Marina de Excelencia (PIMEX-Nueva Aldea), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioensayos, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
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Khan MM, Moniruzzaman M, Mostakim GM, Khan MSR, Rahman MK, Islam MS. Aberrations of the peripheral erythrocytes and its recovery patterns in a freshwater teleost, silver barb exposed to profenofos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:830-837. [PMID: 29248850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to explicate the genotoxic effects of profenofos, an organophosphate insecticide, on the erythrocytes of silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus). Silver barb were exposed to a solution of 10% and 50% of lethal concentrations (LC50) of profenofos as sub-lethal concentrations at different days (1, 7, 15, and 30 d), along with a control (0% profenofos). Subsequent recovery patterns were assessed allowing the fish exposed to profenofos free water for the same period that they were exposed to profenofos. Our results revealed that with the progression of time and concentration, fish exposed to profenofos showed significantly (p < .05) higher level of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) such as micronuclei, bi-nuclei, degenerated nuclei, notched nuclei, nuclear bridge and nuclear buds, as well as erythrocytic cellular abnormalities (ECA) such as echinocytic, elongated, fusion, spindle, tear-drop and twin shaped cells. After exposure, the silver barb recovered spontaneously, and the abnormal erythrocytic parameters were normalized with a concentration- and duration-dependent fashion. Therefore, these abnormalities and their recovery can be used to assess the toxic levels of pesticides on aquatic organisms. There is great potential to use this technique as in vivo to predict susceptibility of aquatic animals to environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Mansura Khan
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Mohammod Mostakim
- Department of Fisheries Biology & Aquatic Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sadequr Rahman Khan
- Department of Marine Bioresources Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khalilur Rahman
- Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh
| | - M Sadiqul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
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Maharajan K, Muthulakshmi S, Nataraj B, Ramesh M, Kadirvelu K. Toxicity assessment of pyriproxyfen in vertebrate model zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio): A multi biomarker study. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 196:132-145. [PMID: 29407799 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (2-[1-methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy) ethoxy] pyridine) (PPF), a pyridine-based pesticide widely used to control agricultural insect pests and mosquitoes in drinking water sources. However, its ecotoxicological data is limited in aquatic vertebrates particularly in fish. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the adverse effect of PPF in zebrafish embryo development (Danio rerio). In order to investigate the impact of PPF, embryos were exposed to 0.16, 0.33 and 1.66 μg/mL (0.52, 1.04 and 5.2 μM, respectively) for 96 hpf and various biomarker indices such as developmental toxicity (edema formation, hyperemia, heart size and scoliosis), oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO)), antioxidant responses (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH)), biochemical (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (AP)), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), genotoxicity (apoptosis and DNA damage) and histopathological changes were determined. The results showed that severe developmental deformities and changes in heart rate were observed in embryos treated with highest (1.66 μg/mL) concentration than the control (P < 0.05). Heart size measurement showed that, significant change in heart size (P < 0.01) was observed in embryos of 96 hpf only at 1.66 μg/mL PPF exposure. The oxidative stress was apparent at highest test concentration (1.66 μg/mL) as reflected by the elevated ROS, LPO and NO and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities including SOD, CAT, GST and GPx (P < 0.05). Besides, GSH level and AChE activity were significantly lowered in 1.66 μg/mL PPF exposed group than the control. After 96 hpf of PPF exposure, no significant changes were found in AP activity whereas, a biphasic response was observed in the LDH activity. There was no genotoxic effect in embryos exposed to PPF at 0.16 and 0.33 μg/mL, while significant (P < 0.05) DNA damage and apoptosis were found in 1.66 μg/mL treated group. Histopathological analysis revealed that exposure to PPF at 1.66 μg/mL resulted in thinning of heart muscles, pericardial edema and hyperemia while there was no obvious changes were observed in other treatment groups. Hence, the results of the present study demonstrate that PPF could cause adverse effect on early developmental stages of zebrafish at higher concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Maharajan
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Bojan Nataraj
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, India; Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.
| | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, India
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Yashwanth B, Pamanji R, Rao JV. Toxicomorphomics and toxicokinetics of quinalphos on embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and its binding affinity towards hatching enzyme, ZHE1. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 180:155-163. [PMID: 27716580 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study outlines the toxic effects of Quinalphos (QP), an organophosphrous insecticide on the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, with special emphasis on toxicomorphomics and toxicokinetics of target enzyme, AChE. A range of concentrations was used to elucidate the median lethal concentration (LC50) of Quinalphos. Furthermore, embryos were exposed to two sub-lethal concentrations LC10 (0.66mg/L) and LC20 (1.12mg/L) along with a median lethal concentration (3.0mg/L) for 96h. Several morphological aberrations like lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, heart edema, breaks in the neuronal tube and underdeveloped facial parts were noticed, which were of concentration and time dependent. The QP has adequately hindered hatching process during the course of exposure which was upheld by the in silico docking studies with hatching enzyme, ZHE1. The length of hatchlings at 96h in LC50 concentration was significantly reduced to 47% compared to control. A significant pericardial effusion (5 to 16 fold) was observed in >90% of LC50 treated groups. Morphological changes in heart lead to the bradycardia, which ultimately leading to heart failure in some cases. The swimming behavior was significantly diminished in relation to the inhibition of AChE levels. From the in vitro kinetic studies, the kinetic constants Km, Vmax and inhibitory concentration Ki (4.45×10-5M) was determined which supported the competitive nature of QP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomma Yashwanth
- Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajesh Pamanji
- Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - J Venkateswara Rao
- Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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