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Ha JH, Lee BW, Yi DH, Lee SJ, Kim WI, Pak SW, Kim HY, Kim SH, Shin IS, Kim JC, Lee IC. Particulate matter-mediated oxidative stress induces airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction through TXNIP/NF-κB and modulation of the SIRT1-mediated p53 and TGF-β/Smad3 pathways in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114201. [PMID: 38013002 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter is currently recognized as a serious aggravating factor of respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of particulate matter (PM) on the respiratory system in BALB/c mice and NCI-H292 cells. PM (0, 2.5, 5 and 20 mg/kg) was administered to mice by intra-tracheal instillation for 7 days. After a 7 day-repeated treatment of PM, we evaluated inflammatory cytokines/cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and conducted pulmonary histology and functional test. We also investigated the role of TXNIP/NF-κB and SIRT1-mediated p53 and TGF-β/Smad3 pathways in PM-induced airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction. PM caused a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PM-mediated oxidative stress down-regulated thioredoxin-1 and up-regulated thioredoxin-interacting protein and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in the lung tissue and PM-treated NCI-H292 cells. PM suppressed sirtuin1 protein levels and increased p53 acetylation in PM-exposed mice and PM-treated NCI-H292 cells. In addition, PM caused inflammatory cell infiltration and the thickening of alveolar walls by exacerbating the inflammatory response in the lung tissue. PM increased levels of transforming growth factor-β, phosphorylation of Smad3 and activation of α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen type1A2 in PM-exposed mice and PM-treated NCI-H292 cells. In pulmonary function tests, PM exposure impaired pulmonary function resembling pulmonary fibrosis, characterized by increased resistance and elastance of the respiratory system, and resistance, elastance, and damping of lung tissues, whereas decreased compliance of the respiratory system, forced expired volume and forced vital capacity. Overall, PM-mediated oxidative stress caused airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction with pulmonary fibrosis via TXNIP pathway/NF-κB activation and modulation of the SIRT1-mediated TGF-β/Smad3 pathways. The results of this study can provide fundamental data on the potential adverse effects and underlying mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis caused by PM exposure as a public health concern. Due to the potential toxicity of PM, people with respiratory disease must be careful with PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Ha
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba-Wool Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Yi
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Won Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Young Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.
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Zeng H, Chen W, Li M, Shao Y, Li X, Zhang R, Jiang Y. Temporal analysis of lung injury induced by real-ambient PM 2 .5 exposure in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:377-387. [PMID: 37782690 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) has been shown to induce lung injury. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of PM2.5 -induced pulmonary injury after different exposure times are poorly understood. In this study, we exposed male ICR mice to a whole-body PM2.5 inhalation system at daily mean concentration range from 92.00 to 862.00 μg/m3 for 30, 60, and 90 days. We found that following prolonged exposure to PM2.5 , pulmonary injury was increasingly evident with significant histopathological alterations. Notably, the pulmonary inflammatory response and fibrosis caused by PM2.5 after different exposure times were closely associated with histopathological changes. In addition, PM2.5 exposure caused oxidative stress, DNA damage and impairment of DNA repair in a time-dependent manner in the lung. Importantly, exposure to PM2.5 eventually caused apoptosis in the lung through upregulation of cleaved-caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2. Overall, our data demonstrated that PM2.5 led to pulmonary injury in a time-dependent manner via upregulation of proinflammatory and fibrosis-related genes, and activation of the DNA damage response. Our findings provided a novel perspective on the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases caused by airborne pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meizhen Li
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueting Shao
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kobayashi S, Yoda Y, Takagi H, Ito T, Wakamatsu J, Nakatsubo R, Horie Y, Hiraki T, Shima M. Short-term effects of the chemical components of fine particulate matter on pulmonary function: A repeated panel study among adolescents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165195. [PMID: 37391138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the chemical components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have been drawing attention. However, information regarding the impact of low PM2.5 concentrations is limited. Hence, we aimed to investigate the short-term effects of the chemical components of PM2.5 on pulmonary function and their seasonal differences in healthy adolescents living on an isolated island without major artificial sources of air pollution. A panel study was repeatedly conducted twice a year for one month every spring and fall from October 2014 to November 2016 on an isolated island in the Seto Inland Sea, which has no major artificial sources of air pollution. Daily measurements of peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were performed in 47 healthy college students, and the concentrations of 35 chemical components of PM2.5 were analyzed every 24 h. Using a mixed-effects model, the relationship between pulmonary function values and concentrations of PM2.5 components was analyzed. Significant associations were observed between several PM2.5 components and decreased pulmonary function. Among the ionic components, sulfate was strongly related to decreases in PEF and FEV1 (-4.20 L/min [95 % confidence interval (CI): -6.40 to -2.00] and - 0.04 L [95 % CI: -0.05 to -0.02] per interquartile range increase, respectively). Among the elemental components, potassium induced the greatest reduction in PEF and FEV1. Therefore, PEF and FEV1 were significantly reduced as the concentrations of several PM2.5 components increased during fall, with minimal changes observed during spring. Several chemical components of PM2.5 were significantly associated with decreased pulmonary function among healthy adolescents. The concentrations of PM2.5 chemical components differed by season, suggesting the occurrence of distinct effects on the respiratory system depending on the type of component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Yoda
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- National Institute of Technology, Yuge College, Kamijima, Ehime 794-2593, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ito
- National Institute of Technology, Yuge College, Kamijima, Ehime 794-2593, Japan
| | - Junko Wakamatsu
- National Institute of Technology, Yuge College, Kamijima, Ehime 794-2593, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nakatsubo
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037, Japan
| | - Yosuke Horie
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hiraki
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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Wang X, Deng X, Wu Y, Qian Z, Cai M, Li H, Lin H. Low-level ambient sulfur dioxide exposure and genetic susceptibility associated with incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A national prospective cohort study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 337:139362. [PMID: 37414299 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between long-term air pollution exposure and the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been established, but the evidence regarding the effect of low levels of air pollution, especially ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2), is limited. Besides, the combined effect and interaction between genetic susceptibility and ambient SO2 on IPF remain uncertain. METHODS This study retrieved data from 402,042 participants who were free of IPF at baseline in the UK Biobank. The annual mean concentration of ambient SO2 was estimated for each participant based on their residential addresses using a bilinear interpolation method. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the relationship between ambient SO2 and incident IPF. We further generated a polygenic risk score (PRS) for IPF and estimated the combined effects of genetic susceptibility and ambient SO2 on incident IPF. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 11.78 years, 2562 cases of IPF were identified. The results indicated that each 1 μg/m3 increase in ambient SO2 was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1.67 (1.58, 1.76) for incident IPF. The study found statistically significant synergistic additive interaction between genetic susceptibility and ambient SO2. Individuals with high genetic risk and high ambient SO2 exposure had a higher risk of developing IPF (HR = 7.48, 95% CI:5.66, 9.90). CONCLUSION The study suggests that long-term exposure to ambient SO2, even at concentrations lower than current air quality guidelines set by the Word Health Organization and European Union, may be an important risk factor for IPF. This risk is more pronounced among people with a high genetic risk. Therefore, these findings emphasize the need to consider the potential health effects of SO2 exposure and the necessity for stricter air quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yinglin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, USA
| | - Miao Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, Shenzhen University General Hospital, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
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Cui F, Sun Y, Xie J, Li D, Wu M, Song L, Hu Y, Tian Y. Air pollutants, genetic susceptibility and risk of incident idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:13993003.00777-2022. [PMID: 36137588 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00777-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutants are considered as non-negligible risk factors of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the relationship between long-term air pollution and the incidence of IPF is unknown. Our objective was to explore the associations of air pollutants with IPF risk and further assess the modification effect of genetic susceptibility. METHODS We used land-use regression model estimated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulate matter (fine particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and particulate matter with diameter <10 μm (PM10)). The polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed using 13 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations of air pollutants with IPF risk and further investigate the modification effect of genetic susceptibility. Additionally, absolute risk was calculated. RESULTS Among 433 738 participants from the UK Biobank, the incidence of IPF was 27.45 per 100 000 person-years during a median follow-up of 11.78 years. The adjusted hazard ratios of IPF for each interquartile range increase in NO2, NO x and PM2.5 were 1.11 (95% CI 1.03-1.19), 1.07 (95% CI 1.01-1.13) and 1.09 (95% CI 1.02-1.17), respectively. PM2.5 had the highest population attribution risk, followed by NO x and NO2. There were additive interactions between NO2, NO x and PM2.5 and genetic susceptibility. Participants with a high PRS and high air pollution had the highest risk of incident IPF compared with those with a low PRS and low air pollution (adjusted hazard ratio: NO2 3.94 (95% CI 2.77-5.60), NO x 3.08 (95% CI 2.21-4.27), PM2.5 3.65 (95% CI 2.60-5.13) and PM10 3.23 (95% CI 2.32-4.50)). CONCLUSION Long-term exposures to air pollutants may elevate the risk of incident IPF. There are additive effects of air pollutants and genetic susceptibility on IPF risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feipeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Feipeng Cui and Yu Sun contributed equally to this work
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Feipeng Cui and Yu Sun contributed equally to this work
| | - Junqing Xie
- Center for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, The Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dankang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lulu Song
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Kim C, Jeong SH, Kim J, Kang JY, Nam YJ, Togloom A, Cha J, Lee KY, Lee CH, Park EK, Lee JH. Evaluation of the effect of filtered ultrafine particulate matter on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in a rat model using computed tomography, histopathologic analysis, and RNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22672. [PMID: 34811439 PMCID: PMC8609022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of chronic particulate matter (PM) exposure on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in a rat model using chest CT, histopathologic evaluation, and RNA-sequencing. A bleomycin solution was intratracheally administrated to 20 male rats. For chronic PM exposure, after four weeks of bleomycin treatment to induce lung fibrosis, PM suspension (experimental group) or normal saline (control group) was intratracheally administrated for 10 weeks. Chest CT was carried out in all rats, and then both lungs were extracted for histopathologic evaluation. One lobe from three rats in each group underwent RNA sequencing, and one lobe from five rats in each group was evaluated by western blotting. Inflammation and fibrosis scores in both chest CT and pathologic analysis were significantly more aggravated in rats with chronic PM exposure than in the control group. Several genes associated with inflammation and immunity were also upregulated with chronic PM exposure. Our study revealed that chronic PM exposure in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis rat model aggravated pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation, proven by chest CT, pathologic analysis, and RNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15355, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jeong
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15355, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15355, South Korea
| | - Ja Young Kang
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15355, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Nam
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15355, South Korea
| | - Ariunaa Togloom
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15355, South Korea
| | - Jaehyung Cha
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15355, South Korea
| | - Ki Yeol Lee
- Department of Radiology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15355, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kee Park
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, 49267, South Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15355, South Korea.
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Marczynski M, Lieleg O. Forgotten but not gone: Particulate matter as contaminations of mucosal systems. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:031302. [PMID: 38505633 PMCID: PMC10903497 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A decade ago, environmental issues, such as air pollution and the contamination of the oceans with microplastic, were prominently communicated in the media. However, these days, political topics, as well as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, have clearly taken over. In spite of this shift in focus regarding media representation, researchers have made progress in evaluating the possible health risks associated with particulate contaminations present in water and air. In this review article, we summarize recent efforts that establish a clear link between the increasing occurrence of certain pathological conditions and the exposure of humans (or animals) to airborne or waterborne particulate matter. First, we give an overview of the physiological functions mucus has to fulfill in humans and animals, and we discuss different sources of particulate matter. We then highlight parameters that govern particle toxicity and summarize our current knowledge of how an exposure to particulate matter can be related to dysfunctions of mucosal systems. Last, we outline how biophysical tools and methods can help researchers to obtain a better understanding of how particulate matter may affect human health. As we discuss here, recent research has made it quite clear that the structure and functions of those mucosal systems are sensitive toward particulate contaminations. Yet, our mechanistic understanding of how (and which) nano- and microparticles can compromise human health via interacting with mucosal barriers is far from complete.
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8
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Reyes-García J, Montaño LM, Carbajal-García A, Wang YX. Sex Hormones and Lung Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:259-321. [PMID: 34019274 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a characteristic marker in numerous lung disorders. Several immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, as well as T and B lymphocytes, synthetize and release cytokines involved in the inflammatory process. Gender differences in the incidence and severity of inflammatory lung ailments including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), lung cancer (LC), and infectious related illnesses have been reported. Moreover, the effects of sex hormones on both androgens and estrogens, such as testosterone (TES) and 17β-estradiol (E2), driving characteristic inflammatory patterns in those lung inflammatory diseases have been investigated. In general, androgens seem to display anti-inflammatory actions, whereas estrogens produce pro-inflammatory effects. For instance, androgens regulate negatively inflammation in asthma by targeting type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and T-helper (Th)-2 cells to attenuate interleukin (IL)-17A-mediated responses and leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis pathway. Estrogens may promote neutrophilic inflammation in subjects with asthma and COPD. Moreover, the activation of estrogen receptors might induce tumorigenesis. In this chapter, we summarize the most recent advances in the functional roles and associated signaling pathways of inflammatory cellular responses in asthma, COPD, PF, LC, and newly occurring COVID-19 disease. We also meticulously deliberate the influence of sex steroids on the development and progress of these common and severe lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abril Carbajal-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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Luppi F, Kalluri M, Faverio P, Kreuter M, Ferrara G. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis beyond the lung: understanding disease mechanisms to improve diagnosis and management. Respir Res 2021; 22:109. [PMID: 33865386 PMCID: PMC8052779 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disorder with an estimated median survival time of 3–5 years after diagnosis. This condition occurs primarily in elderly subjects, and epidemiological studies suggest that the main risk factors, ageing and exposure to cigarette smoke, are associated with both pulmonary and extrapulmonary comorbidities (defined as the occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual). Ageing and senescence, through interactions with environmental factors, may contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF by various mechanisms, causing lung epithelium damage and increasing the resistance of myofibroblasts to apoptosis, eventually resulting in extracellular matrix accumulation and pulmonary fibrosis. As a paradigm, syndromes featuring short telomeres represent archetypal premature ageing syndromes and are often associated with pulmonary fibrosis. The pathophysiological features induced by ageing and senescence in patients with IPF may translate to pulmonary and extrapulmonary features, including emphysema, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer, coronary artery disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux, diabetes mellitus and many other chronic diseases, which may lead to substantial negative consequences in terms of various outcome parameters in IPF. Therefore, the careful diagnosis and treatment of comorbidities may represent an outstanding chance to improve quality of life and survival, and it is necessary to contemplate all possible management options for IPF, including early identification and treatment of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Luppi
- Respiratory Unit, University of Milano Bicocca, S. Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Meena Kalluri
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 3-134 Clinical Sciences Building, 11304 83 Ave., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Paola Faverio
- Respiratory Unit, University of Milano Bicocca, S. Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Centre for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, ThoraxklinikHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Ferrara
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 3-134 Clinical Sciences Building, 11304 83 Ave., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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10
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Air Pollution-An Overlooked Risk Factor for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010077. [PMID: 33379260 PMCID: PMC7794751 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a major environmental risk to health and a global public health concern. In 2016, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), ambient air pollution in cities and rural areas was estimated to cause 4.2 million premature deaths. It is estimated that around 91% of the world’s population lives in places where air pollution exceeds the limits recommended by the WHO. Sources of air pollution are multiple and context-specific. Air pollution exposures are established risk factors for development and adverse health outcomes in many respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or lung cancer. However, possible associations between air pollution and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have not been adequately studied and air pollution seems to be an underrecognized risk factor for IPF. This narrative review describes potential mechanisms triggered by ambient air pollution and their possible roles in the initiation of the pathogenic process and adverse health effects in IPF. Additionally, we summarize the most current research evidence from the clinical studies supporting links between air pollution and IPF.
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Huang Z, Wang S, Liu Y, Fan L, Zeng Y, Han H, Zhang H, Yu X, Zhang Y, Huang D, Wu Y, Jiang W, Zhu P, Zhu X, Yi X. GPRC5A reduction contributes to pollutant benzo[a]pyrene injury via aggravating murine fibrosis, leading to poor prognosis of IIP patients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139923. [PMID: 32758941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure is recently reported to be one of the drivers of exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). But there was a lack of direct evidence between pollution and lung fibrosis. Here, our data show effects of pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and protein G-protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 type A (GPRC5A) on pulmonary fibrosis, which might help limit potential pollutant injury and disease progression. We cross-referenced epithelial differentially-expressed-genes (DEGs) from pollutant injury and published experimental fibrosis and IPF patients' data, top common-DEG (CO-DEG) GPRC5A was identified as a potential link between exposure-damage and fibrogenesis. The role of GPRC5A was evaluated under BaP exposure, in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) tissue-array and via CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mice (Gprc5a-/-). BaP exposure enhanced bleomycin (BLM)-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis with increased Fibronectin and α-SMA expression in primary fibroblasts, thickened respiratory membrane and damaged alveolar type II cell, combined with Gprc5a decline in fibrotic mass. GPRC5A mRNA reduced after 10-14 days' BaP exposure in human epithelial cell A549. GPRC5A protein was further found to decrease in IIP epithelium, especially hyperplastic regions. A high epithelial GPRC5A expression score was positively associated with long survival time (R = 0.34) while negatively with high age (R = -0.4) and IIP type IPF (R = -0.5). Low GPRC5A expression predicts poor prognosis (HR = 4.5). Gprc5a depletion aggravated mortality rate (50%) with increased collagen deposition and myofibroblast activation under BLM treatment and exacerbated BaP injury in lung remodeling. Vitamin metabolic imbalance and Mitofusion2 (Mfn2) or Opa1-regulated mitochondrial dynamics were deduced to contribute to Gprc5a depletion and fibrogenesis. Pollutant BaP exposure worsens murine fibrosis and myofibroblast activation via GPRC5A reduction in the damaged epithelium. GPRC5A deficiency was first confirmed to contribute to both poor prognosis of IIP patients and fibrogenesis in murine model; thus, GPRC5A could serve as a novel therapeutic target in pollutant injury and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Huang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lichao Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Hongxiu Han
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yunjin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Wenxia Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peipei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Xuyou Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Xianghua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Rodríguez S, Baez-Ferrer N, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Abreu-Gonzalez J, Avanzas P, Carnero M, Moris C, López-Darias J, Hernández-Vaquero D. Impact of Saharan dust exposure on airway inflammation in patients with ischemic heart disease. Transl Res 2020; 224:16-25. [PMID: 32504824 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies found that increases in the concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM) smaller than 10 microns diameter (PM10) in the ambient air due to desert dust outbreaks contribute to global burden of diseases, primarily as a result of increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. No studies have investigated the possible association between desert dust inhalation and airway inflammation in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Induced sputum was collected in 38 patients and analyzed to determine markers of airway inflammation (Transforming Growth Factor-β1 [TGF-β1] and hydroxyproline) concentrations. For the purpose of the investigation, PM10 and reactive gases concentrations measured in the European Air Quality Network implemented in the Canary Islands were also used. We identified Saharan desert dust using meteorology and dust models. Patients affected by smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary abnormalities, acute bronchial or pulmonary disease were excluded. The median of age of patients was 64.71 years (56.35-71.54) and 14 (38.84%) of them were women. TGF-β1 and hydroxyproline in sputum were highly associated to PM10 inhalation from the Saharan desert. According to a regression model, an increase of 1 µg/m3 of PM10 concentrations due to desert dust, results in an increase of 3.84 pg/gwt of TGF-β1 (R2 adjusted = 89.69%) and of 0.80 μg/gwt of hydroxyproline (R2 adjusted = 85.28%) in the sputum of patients. The results of this study indicate that the exposure to high PM10 concentrations due to Saharan dust events are associated with intense inflammatory reaction in the airway mucosae of IHD-patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Department of Cardiology, Tenerife, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain; CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Rodríguez
- Experimental Station of Arid Zones, EEZA, CSIC, Almería, Spain; Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, IPNA, CSIC, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Nestor Baez-Ferrer
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Department of Cardiology, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro Abreu-Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan Abreu-Gonzalez
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Department of Pneumology, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pablo Avanzas
- Heart Area. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias
| | | | - Cesar Moris
- Heart Area. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias
| | - Jessica López-Darias
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, IPNA, CSIC, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Química, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Daniel Hernández-Vaquero
- Heart Area. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Hwang L, Ko IG, Jin JJ, Kim SH, Kim CJ, Hwang JJ, Choi CW, Chang BS. Attenuation effect of polydeoxyribonucleotide on inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic factors induced by particulate matter (PM10) damage in human bronchial cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22635. [PMID: 32985769 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) of 10-μm-sized fine dust in the air penetrates the respiratory tract and contributes to the increasing incidence of various lung diseases, but its definite mechanism is not known. Recently, polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects in various tissues. However, the bronchial-related mechanism is not well-understood. Hence, this experiment is intended to demonstrate the beneficial effect of PDRN administration on PM10-induced injury in human bronchial-derived NCI-H358 cells. To confirm the protective effect of PDRN, PM10 was applied after PDRN pretreatment to confirm changes in NCI-H358 cells. Experiments were conducted to measure cell survival, cytotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptotic factor changes. WST-8 assay was used to confirm cell viability, and lactate dehydrogenase assay was used to obtain cytotoxicity. In addition, changes in inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic factors were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. Decreased cell viability and increased cytotoxicity, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic factors were observed after exposure to PM10. However, pretreatment with PDRN enhanced cell viability and reduced cytotoxicity. In addition, the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β, and cell death factors such as Apaf-1, cyt c, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bid, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were decreased by PDRN administration in PM10-exposed NCI-H358 cells. PDRN, an A2AR agonist, affects cAMP activation and regulation of phosphorylation of PKA and CREB. In addition, treatment with A2AR antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine significantly blocked PDRN's effect. These anti-cytotoxicity, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis effects of PDRN can be attributed to the adenosine A2AR enhancing effect on PM10-exposed bronchial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakkyong Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Hwang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gangdong Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon Woong Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gangdong Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Soon Chang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gangdong Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Increase of Cardiometabolic Biomarkers Among Vehicle Inspectors Exposed to PM0.25 and Compositions. Saf Health Work 2020; 12:114-118. [PMID: 33732536 PMCID: PMC7940133 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to particulate matter (PM) emitted from vehicle exhaust might disrupt systemic function and elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we examined the changes of cardiometabolic biomarkers among vehicle inspectors exposed daily to PM0.25 and components. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at two vehicle inspection centers, Pulogadung and Ujung Menteng, located in East Jakarta, Indonesia. The exposed respondents were 43 workers from vehicle inspection centers, and the unexposed group consisted of 22 staff officers working in the same locations. Vehicle exhaust particulate matter was measured for eight hours using a Leland Legacy personal pump attached to a Sioutas Cascade Impactor. The used filters were 25 and 37-mm quartz filters. The particulate matter concentration was analyzed using a gravimetric method, whereas trace elements were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. An EEL Smoke Stain Reflectometer analyzed black carbon. Results The personal exposure concentrations of PM0.25 were 10.4-fold higher than those in unexposed groups. Calcium and sulfur were the major components in the obtained dust, and their levels were 3.3- and 7.2-fold higher, respectively, in the exposed group. Based on an independent-samples t-test, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, HbA1c, total immunoglobulin E, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nitric oxide levels were significantly different between the groups. Conclusions In summary, it was suggested that PM0.25 exposure from vehicle exhaust might affect cardiometabolic biomarkers change.
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Key Words
- Ca, calcium
- Cu, copper
- EDXRF, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Fe, iron
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c
- IgE, immunoglobulin E
- K, potassium
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Mn, manganese
- NO, nitric oxide
- Ni, nickel
- PM, particulate matter
- PM0.25
- Pb, lead
- S, sulfur
- TG, triglyceride
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor–alpha
- Ti, titanium
- Zn, zinc
- cardiometabolic syndrome
- hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
- particulate matter
- vehicle emission
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Sack CS, Johannson KA. From the 10,000-foot View, We Need Ground-Level Data on Air Pollution and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Chest 2020; 158:446-448. [PMID: 32768059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Coralynn S Sack
- Departments of Medicine & Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kerri A Johannson
- Departments of Medicine & Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Jiang J, Li Y, Liang S, Sun B, Shi Y, Xu Q, Zhang J, Shen H, Duan J, Sun Z. Combined exposure of fine particulate matter and high-fat diet aggravate the cardiac fibrosis in C57BL/6J mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122203. [PMID: 32171159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. In addition, whether high-fat diet (HFD) could exacerbate the PM2.5-induced cardiac injury was unevaluated. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the combined effects of PM2.5 and HFD on cardiac fibrosis. The echocardiography and histopathological analysis showed that co-exposure of PM2.5 and HFD had a significant deleterious effect on both cardiac systolic and diastolic function accompanied the myofibril disorder and myocardial fibrosis in C57BL/6 J mice than exposed to PM2.5 or HFD alone. The augmented oxidative damage and increased α-SMA area percentage were detected in heart tissue of mice exposed to PM2.5 and HFD together. PM2.5 upregulated the expressions of cardiac fibrosis-related special markers, including collagen-I, collagen-III, TGF-β1, p-Smad3 and total Smad3, which had more pronounced activations in co-exposure group. Meanwhile, the factorial analysis exhibited the synergistic interaction regarded to the combined exposure of PM2.5 and HFD. Simultaneously, PM2.5 and palmitic acid increased intracellular ROS generation and activated the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. While the ROS scavenger NAC had effectively attenuated the ROS level and suppressed the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrated combined exposure to PM2.5 and HFD could aggravate cardiac fibrosis via activating the ROS/TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyang Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facilities for Electrophysiology, Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
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Xu S, Wang F, Fu Y, Li D, Sun X, Li C, Song B, Li Y. Effects of mixed agro-residues (corn crop waste) on lignin-degrading enzyme activities, growth, and quality of Lentinula edodes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9798-9807. [PMID: 35498574 PMCID: PMC9050232 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10405d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Using agro-residues in bioreactors to produce mushrooms is an important component of eco-agriculture. Here, we tested the cultivation of Lentinula edodes with corn cob (CC) and corn straw (CS), and then evaluated the resulting enzyme activities, agronomic traits, textures and nutrient compositions of mushrooms. Laccase (T1 formula, 3.26 g U−1) and carboxymethyl cellulase (T3 formula, 1.01 g U−1) activities were the highest at the time for a complete substrate colonization stage (TCSC), while acidic xylanase activity was the highest (CK formula, 4.05 g U−1) in the mushroom block to color-turned (TMBCT) stage. The biological efficiency of growth on the T6 formula was 8.82% higher than growth on the CK formula, wherein the low C/N ratio of the substrate had an obvious negative effect on yield while the mass ratio of pileus (MRP) of fruiting bodies did not change with mixed substrates. No significant differences were observed in mineral composition for CK formulas, but corn crop waste (CCW) formulas exhibited more optimal nutritional contents. A formula containing more corn cob and sawdust (SD) (sum of at least 70%) as the substrate can produce fruiting bodies with good hardness. These results indicate that the use of corn cobs as the main ingredient, mixed with sawdust and corn straw to grow L. edodes provides a more efficient use of agro-residues for growth. Thus, mixed agro-residue formulas have exceptional advantages in texture, nutrition of fruiting bodies, and yields. Using agro-residues in bioreactors to produce mushrooms is an important component of eco-agriculture.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China +86-13500881489
| | - Fei Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China +86-13500881489
| | - Yongping Fu
- Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China +86-13500881489
| | - Dan Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China +86-13500881489
| | - Xiaozhong Sun
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision Test Institute Changchun 130000 P. R. China
| | - Changtian Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China +86-13500881489
| | - Bing Song
- Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China +86-13500881489
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China +86-13500881489
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Sun B, Shi Y, Li Y, Jiang J, Liang S, Duan J, Sun Z. Short-term PM 2.5 exposure induces sustained pulmonary fibrosis development during post-exposure period in rats. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121566. [PMID: 31761645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Up to now, while some toxicological studies have identified pulmonary fibrosis immediately induced by long-term PM2.5 exposure, there has been no evidence indicating, whether short-term exposure can lead to post-exposure development of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we treated rats with PM2.5 for 1 month (10 times), followed by normal feeding for 18 months. 18F-FDG intake, which is linked with the initiation and development of pulmonary fibrosis in living bodies, was found to gradually increase in lung following exposure through micro PET/CT imaging. Histolopathological examination revealed continuous deterioration of pulmonary injury post-exposure. Collagen deposition and hydroxyproline content continued to increase all along in the post-exposure duration, indicating pulmonary fibrosis development. Chronic and persistent induction of pulmonary inflammatory gene expression (Tnf, Il1b, Il6, Ccl2, and Icam1), epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT, reduction of E-cadherin and elevation of fibronectin) and RelA/p65 upregulation, as well as serum inflammatory cytokine production, were also found in PM2.5-treated rats. Pulmonary oxidative stress, manifested by increase of MDA and decrease of GSH and SOD, was induced during exposure but disappeared in later post-exposure duration. These results suggested that short-term PM2.5 exposure could lead to sustained post-exposure pulmonary fibrosis development, which was mediated by oxidative-stress-initiated NF-κB/inflammation/EMT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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Jin L, Ni J, Tao Y, Weng X, Zhu Y, Yan J, Hu B. N-acetylcysteine attenuates PM 2.5-induced apoptosis by ROS-mediated Nrf2 pathway in human embryonic stem cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:713-720. [PMID: 30818202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on embryonic toxicity are widely accepted, its exact mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated, which partially attribute to lack of ideal research model. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the capacity to differentiate into all cell types of three germ layers. Thus, they are ideal resources for the reproductive toxicity assessment in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PM2.5 exposure on the oxidative stress and apoptosis of human ESCs (hESCs) and its possible mechanism. Our results showed that strong cytotoxicity high reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and fragmentation of nuclei were observed in the PM2.5-treated hESCs. Meanwhile, up-regulation of apoptosis as well as down-regulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway were also observed after PM2.5 treatment. However, we did not detect significant expression change or phosphorylation of Akt and Erk in PM2.5-treated hESCs. Interestingly, scavenging of PM2.5-induced ROS by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could block cell apoptosis and rescue the activity of Nrf2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PM2.5 is toxic to hESCs by inhibition of ROS-mediated Nrf2 pathway activity. Our findings suggest activation of Nrf2 pathway will help develop new strategies for the prevention and treatment of PM2.5-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Jin
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Yuan Tao
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Xinyi Weng
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Yuling Zhu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Junyan Yan
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China.
| | - Baowei Hu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China.
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20
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Camarinho R, Garcia PV, Choi H, Rodrigues AS. Overproduction of TNF-α and lung structural remodelling due to chronic exposure to volcanogenic air pollution. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:227-234. [PMID: 30708156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Volcanogenic air pollution studies and their effects on the respiratory system are still outnumbered by studies regarding the effects of anthropogenic air pollution, representing an unknown risk to human population inhabiting volcanic areas worldwide (either eruptive or non-eruptive areas). This study was carried in the archipelago of the Azores- Portugal, in two areas with active volcanism (Village of Furnas and Village of Ribeira Quente) and a reference site (Rabo de Peixe). The hydrothermal volcanism of Furnas volcanic complex is responsible for the release of 1000 t d-1 of CO2, H2S, the radioactive gas - radon, among others. Besides the gaseous emissions, particulate matter and metals (Hg, Cd, Zn, Al, Ni, etc.) are also released into the environment. We tested a hypothesis whether chronic exposure to volcanogenic air pollution causes lung structural remodelling, in the house mouse, Mus musculus, as a bioindicator species. Histopathological evaluations were performed to assess the amount of macrophages, mononuclear leukocyte infiltrate, pulmonary emphysema, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Also, the percentage of collagen and elastin fibers was calculated. Mice chronically exposed to volcanogenic air pollution presented an increased score in the histopathological evaluations for the amount of macrophages, mononuclear leukocyte infiltrate, pulmonary emphysema and production of TNF-α; and also increased percentages of collagen and elastin. For the first time, we demonstrate that non-eruptive active volcanism has a high potential to cause lung structural remodelling. This study also highlights the Mus musculus as a useful bioindicator for future biomonitoring programs in these type of volcanic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Camarinho
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; IVAR - Instituto de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - P V Garcia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; CE3C - cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes /Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - H Choi
- University of Albany - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health One University Place, Rm 153, Rensselaer, NY, 12144-3456, USA.
| | - A S Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; IVAR - Instituto de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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21
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Xu Z, Li Z, Liao Z, Gao S, Hua L, Ye X, Wang Y, Jiang S, Wang N, Zhou D, Deng X. PM 2.5 induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:112-121. [PMID: 30597315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed positive correlation between particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). As etiology and pathogenesis of PF have not been fully elucidated, this study was to investigate the potential mechanism by which PM2.5 exposure adversely induced PF in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, 6-week-old C57/BL6J mice were intranasally administrated with PM2.5 (100 μg/day) for 4 weeks. Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining analysis showed that lung inflammation and incipient fibrosis symptoms were induced after PM2.5 exposure. The expression of Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Collagen type I (COL1) in mice lung was increased. Upregulation of TGF-β1 in mice serum was also detected by ELISA after exposure to PM2.5. Moreover, chronic PM2.5 exposure on human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B cells led to activation of TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway, TGF-β1 excretion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while PM2.5 also triggered the activation of TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway, TGF-β1 excretion as well as differentiation of human pulmonary fibroblast cell line HFL-1 cells, and TGF-β1 production in mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, cell culture medium of PM2.5-treated BEAS-2B and RAW264.7 cells could both activate TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling, α-SMA and COL1 upregulation in HFL-1 cells. Therefore, we concluded that PM2.5 could induce PF by targeting pulmonary epithelium, macrophages and fibroblasts, suggesting that PM2.5 was a potent initiator of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zilin Li
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ziyi Liao
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sumeng Gao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Li Hua
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaofei Ye
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiaobei Deng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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22
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Zheng Y, Fan J, Chen HW, Liu EQ. Trametes orientalis polysaccharide alleviates PM2.5-induced lung injury in mice through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Funct 2019; 10:8005-8015. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trametes orientalis polysaccharide (TOP-2) could alleviate PM2.5-induced lung injury in mice via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
| | - Hong-wei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe
| | - En-qi Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe
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23
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The protective and therapeutic effects of total flavonoids of Astragalus against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis are through the enhancement of autophagy. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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24
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Song B, Ye J, Sossah FL, Li C, Li D, Meng L, Xu S, Fu Y, Li Y. Assessing the effects of different agro-residue as substrates on growth cycle and yield of Grifola frondosa and statistical optimization of substrate components using simplex-lattice design. AMB Express 2018; 8:46. [PMID: 29572689 PMCID: PMC5866258 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Grifola frondosa is an economically important edible and medicinal mushroom usually produced on substrate consisting of sawdust supplemented with wheat bran. Cultivation of G. frondosa on crop straw (corn cob, corn straw, rice straw, and soybean straw) as a substrate was optimized by using the D-optimum method of the simplex-lattice design, and the alternative of crop straw as a substitute for sawdust in the substrate composition was determined by the optimized model. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation existing between the yield and corn cob. The growth cycle was negatively correlated with sawdust, corn cob and soybean straw, with sawdust significantly shortening the growth cycle of G. frondosa. The optimized high-yielding formula included 73.125% corn cob, 1.875% rice straw, 23% wheat bran and 2% light calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (C/N = 48.40). The average yield of the first flush was 134.72 ± 4.24 g/bag, which was increased by 39.97% compared with the control formula. The biological efficiency (BE) was 44.91 ± 1.41%, which was increased by 38.53% compared with the control. Based on the results of this study, corn cob can replace sawdust as one of the main cultivation substrates of G. frondosa.
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25
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Liu CW, Lee TL, Chen YC, Liang CJ, Wang SH, Lue JH, Tsai JS, Lee SW, Chen SH, Yang YF, Chuang TY, Chen YL. PM 2.5-induced oxidative stress increases intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in lung epithelial cells through the IL-6/AKT/STAT3/NF-κB-dependent pathway. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:4. [PMID: 29329563 PMCID: PMC5767014 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that ambient air pollution is closely associated with increased respiratory inflammation and decreased lung function. Particulate matters (PMs) are major components of air pollution that damages lung cells. However, the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study examines the effects of PMs on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and the related mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. RESULT The cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and monocyte adherence to A549 cells were more severely affected by treatment with O-PMs (organic solvent-extractable fraction of SRM1649b) than with W-PMs (water-soluble fraction of SRM1649b). We observed a significant increase in ICAM-1 expression by O-PMs, but not W-PMs. O-PMs also induced the phosphorylation of AKT, p65, and STAT3. Pretreating A549 cells with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, attenuated O-PMs-induced ROS generation, the phosphorylation of the mentioned kinases, and the expression of ICAM-1. Furthermore, an AKT inhibitor (LY294002), NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082), and STAT3 inhibitor (Stattic) significantly down-regulated O-PMs-induced ICAM-1 expression as well as the adhesion of U937 cells to epithelial cells. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was the most significantly changed cytokine in O-PMs-treated A549 cells according to the analysis of the cytokine antibody array. The IL-6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab (TCZ) and small interfering RNA for IL-6 significantly reduced ICAM-1 secretion and expression as well as the reduction of the AKT, p65, and STAT3 phosphorylation in O-PMs-treated A549 cells. In addition, the intratracheal instillation of PMs significantly increased the levels of the ICAM-1 and IL-6 in lung tissues and plasma in WT mice, but not in IL-6 knockout mice. Pre-administration of NAC attenuated those PMs-induced adverse effects in WT mice. Furthermore, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had higher plasma levels of ICAM-1 and IL-6 compared to healthy subjects. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PMs increase ICAM-1 expression in pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo through the IL-6/AKT/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - June-Horng Lue
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Complementary and Integrated Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Department of Health and Welfare, No.1492, Zhongshan Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Department of Health and Welfare, No.1492, Zhongshan Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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