1
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Marlet FR, Muñoz SS, Sotiraki N, Eliasen JN, Woessmann J, Weicher J, Dreier JE, Schoof EM, Kohlmeier KA, Maeda K, Galvagnion C. Lipid levels correlate with neuronal and dopaminergic markers during the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167212. [PMID: 38750771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the deposition of protein inclusions called Lewy Bodies (LBs). LBs are heterogeneous structures composed of protein and lipid molecules and their main constituent is the presynaptic protein α-synuclein. SH-SY5Y cells are neuroblastoma cells commonly used to model PD because they express dopaminergic markers and α-synuclein and they can be differentiated into neuronal cells using established protocols. Despite increasing evidence pointing towards a role of lipids in PD, limited knowledge is available on the lipidome of undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Using a combination of lipidomics, proteomics, morphological and electrophysiological measurements, we identified specific lipids, including sphingolipids, whose levels are affected by the differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and found that the levels of these lipids correlate with those of neuronal and dopaminergic markers. These results provide a quantitative characterisation of the changes in lipidome associated with the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells into more neuronal and dopaminergic-like phenotype and serve as a basis for further characterisation of lipid disruptions in association with PD and its risk factors in this dopaminergic-like neuronal cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Ravnkilde Marlet
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonia Sanz Muñoz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nefeli Sotiraki
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannik Nicklas Eliasen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Woessmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Jan Weicher
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Elmsted Dreier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism group, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Céline Galvagnion
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Bilginer Kartal R, Arslan Yildiz A. Exploring Neuronal Differentiation Profiles in SH-SY5Y Cells through Magnetic Levitation Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14955-14962. [PMID: 38585102 PMCID: PMC10993277 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a powerful and versatile technique that can sort objects based on their density differences. This paper reports the sorting of SH-SY5Y cells for neuronal differentiation by the MagLev technique. Herein, SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated with retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Neuronal differentiation was confirmed by neurite extension measurement and the immunostaining assay. Neurites reached the maximum length on day 9 after sequential treatment with RA-BDNF. Neuronal marker expression of un-/differentiated cells was investigated by β-III tubulin and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and differentiated cells exhibited a higher fluorescence intensity compared to un-/differentiated cells. MagLev results revealed that the density of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells gradually increased from 1.04 to 1.06 g/mL, while it remained stable at 1.05 g/mL for un-/differentiated cells. These findings signified that cell density would be a potent indicator of neuronal differentiation. Overall, it was shown that MagLev methodology can provide rapid, label-free, and easy sorting to analyze the differentiation of cells at a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahu Arslan Yildiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Matrella ML, Valletti A, Gigante I, De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Russo S, Lobasso S, Lobraico D, Dibattista M, Pacelli C, Cocco T. High OXPHOS efficiency in RA-FUdr-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of cAMP signalling and respiratory supercomplexes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7411. [PMID: 38548913 PMCID: PMC10978939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly dependent on mitochondria to meet their bioenergetic needs and understanding the metabolic changes during the differentiation process is crucial in the neurodegeneration context. Several in vitro approaches have been developed to study neuronal differentiation and bioenergetic changes. The human SH-SY5Y cell line is a widely used cellular model and several differentiation protocols have been developed to induce a neuron-like phenotype including retinoic acid (RA) treatment. In this work we obtained a homogeneous functional population of neuron-like cells by a two-step differentiation protocol in which SH-SY5Y cells were treated with RA plus the mitotic inhibitor 2-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (FUdr). RA-FUdr treatment induced a neuronal phenotype characterized by increased expression of neuronal markers and electrical properties specific to excitable cells. In addition, the RA-FUdr differentiated cells showed an enrichment of long chain and unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in the acyl chain composition of cardiolipin (CL) and the bioenergetic analysis evidences a high coupled and maximal respiration associated with high mitochondrial ATP levels. Our results suggest that the observed high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity may be related to the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and the assembly of respiratory supercomplexes (SCs), highlighting the change in mitochondrial phenotype during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Matrella
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Valletti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
- MASMEC Biomed S.p.A, 70026, Modugno, Italy
| | - Isabella Gigante
- National Institute of Gastroenterology- IRCCS "Saverio De Bellis", Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR-Institute of Biomembranes, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Lobasso
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Donatella Lobraico
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Dibattista
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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4
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Oh HN, Yoo D, Park S, Lee S, Kim WK. Assessment of poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride-induced developmental neurotoxicity via oxidative stress mechanism: Integrative approaches with neuronal cells and zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133146. [PMID: 38064952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a biocide with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Its use as a disinfectant and preservative in consumer products results in human exposure to PHMB. Toxicity studies on PHMB mainly focus on systemic toxicity or skin irritation; however, its effects on developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the DNT effects of PHMB were evaluated using IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y cell lines and zebrafish. In both cell lines, PHMB concentrations ≥ 10 µM reduced neurite outgrowth, and cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations up to 40 µM. PHMB regulated expression of neurodevelopmental genes and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine reversed the toxic effects of PHMB. Toxicity tests on zebrafish embryos showed that PHMB reduced viability and heart rate and caused irregular hatching. PHMB concentrations of 1-4 µM reduced the width of the brain and spinal cord of transgenic zebrafish and attenuated myelination processes. Furthermore, PHMB modulated expression of neurodevelopmental genes in zebrafish and induced ROS accumulation. These results suggested that PHMB exerted DNT effects in vitro and in vivo through a ROS-dependent mechanism, highlighting the risk of PHMB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggon Yoo
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Leung TCN, Lu SN, Chu CN, Lee J, Liu X, Ngai SM. Temporal Quantitative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Profiling of SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 Neuroblastoma Cells during All- Trans-Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1047. [PMID: 38256121 PMCID: PMC10816102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The human neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 can be differentiated into neuron-like phenotypes through treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). After differentiation, these cell lines are extensively utilized as in vitro models to study various aspects of neuronal cell biology. However, temporal and quantitative profiling of the proteome and phosphoproteome of SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells throughout ATRA-induced differentiation has been limited. Here, we performed relative quantification of the proteomes and phosphoproteomes of SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells at multiple time points during ATRA-induced differentiation. Relative quantification of proteins and phosphopeptides with subsequent gene ontology analysis revealed that several biological processes, including cytoskeleton organization, cell division, chaperone function and protein folding, and one-carbon metabolism, were associated with ATRA-induced differentiation in both cell lines. Furthermore, kinase-substrate enrichment analysis predicted altered activities of several kinases during differentiation. Among these, CDK5 exhibited increased activity, while CDK2 displayed reduced activity. The data presented serve as a valuable resource for investigating temporal protein and phosphoprotein abundance changes in SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells during ATRA-induced differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. N. Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Scott Ninghai Lu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.L.); (C.N.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Cheuk Ning Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.L.); (C.N.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Joy Lee
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.L.); (C.N.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xingyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.L.); (C.N.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Sai Ming Ngai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.L.); (C.N.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.)
- AoE Centre for Genomic Studies on Plant-Environment Interaction for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Oh HN, Kim WK. Copper pyrithione and zinc pyrithione induce cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity in neuronal/astrocytic co-cultured cells via oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23060. [PMID: 38155222 PMCID: PMC10754844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on copper pyrithione (CPT) and zinc pyrithione (ZPT) as antifouling agents have mainly focused on marine organisms. Even though CPT and ZPT pose a risk of human exposure, their neurotoxic effects remain to be elucidated. Therefore, in this study, the cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity of CPT and ZPT were evaluated after the exposure of human SH-SY5Y/astrocytic co-cultured cells to them. The results showed that, in a co-culture model, CPT and ZPT induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner (~ 400 nM). Exposure to CPT and ZPT suppressed all parameters in the neurite outgrowth assays, including neurite length. In particular, exposure led to neurotoxicity at concentrations with low or no cytotoxicity (~ 200 nM). It also downregulated the expression of genes involved in neurodevelopment and maturation and upregulated astrocyte markers. Moreover, CPT and ZPT induced mitochondrial dysfunction and promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species. Notably, N-acetylcysteine treatment showed neuroprotective effects against CPT- and ZPT-mediated toxicity. We concluded that oxidative stress was the major mechanism underlying CPT- and ZPT-induced toxicity in the co-cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Pereira RL, Oliveira D, Pêgo AP, Santos SD, Moreira FTC. Electrochemical miRNA-34a-based biosensor for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 154:108553. [PMID: 37672968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia type and a leading cause of death and disability in the elderly. Diagnosis is expensive and invasive, urging the development of new, affordable, and less invasive diagnostic tools. The identification of changes in the expression of non-coding RNAs prompts the development of diagnostic tools to detect disease-specific blood biomarkers. Building on this idea, this work reports a novel electrochemical microRNA (miRNA) biosensor for the diagnosis of AD, based on carbon screen-printed electrodes (C-SPEs) modified with two gold nanostructures and a complementary anti-miR-34a oligonucleotide probe. This biosensor showed good target affinity, reflected on a 100 pM to 1 μM linearity range and a limit of detection (LOD) of 39 pM in buffer and 94 aM in serum. Moreover, the biosensor's response was not affected by serum compounds, indicating selectivity for miR-34a. The biosensor also detected miR-34a in the cell culture medium of a common AD model, stimulated with a neurotoxin to increase miR-34a secretion. Overall, the proposed biosensor makes a solid case for the introduction of a novel, inexpensive, and minimally invasive tool for the early diagnosis of AD, based on the detection of a circulating miRNA overexpressed in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Pereira
- CIETI-LabRISE, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Oliveira
- CIETI-LabRISE, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia D Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Felismina T C Moreira
- CIETI-LabRISE, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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8
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Mengis T, Herger N, Heggli I, Devan J, Spirig JM, Laux CJ, Brunner F, Farshad M, Distler O, Dudli S. Bone marrow stromal cells in Modic type 1 changes promote neurite outgrowth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1286280. [PMID: 37965581 PMCID: PMC10641389 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1286280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The pain in patients with Modic type 1 changes (MC1) is often due to vertebral body endplate pain, which is linked to abnormal neurite outgrowth in the vertebral body and adjacent endplate. The aim of this study was to understand the role of MC1 bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in neurite outgrowth. BMSCs can produce neurotrophic factors, which have been shown to be pro-fibrotic in MC1, and expand in the perivascular space where sensory vertebral nerves are located. The study involved the exploration of the BMSC transcriptome in MC1, co-culture of MC1 BMSCs with the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, analysis of supernatant cytokines, and analysis of gene expression changes in co-cultured SH-SY5Y. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling-related pathways. Co-cultures of MC1 BMSCs with SH-SY5Y cells resulted in increased neurite sprouting compared to co-cultures with control BMSCs. The concentration of BDNF and other cytokines supporting neuron growth was increased in MC1 vs. control BMSC co-culture supernatants. Taken together, these findings show that MC1 BMSCs provide strong pro-neurotrophic cues to nearby neurons and could be a relevant disease-modifying treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Mengis
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nick Herger
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Irina Heggli
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Devan
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - José Miguel Spirig
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J. Laux
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Brunner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mazda Farshad
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Dudli
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Camdzic M, Aga DS, Atilla-Gokcumen GE. Cellular Lipidome Changes during Retinoic Acid (RA)-Induced Differentiation in SH-SY5Y Cells: A Comprehensive In Vitro Model for Assessing Neurotoxicity of Contaminants. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 1:110-120. [PMID: 37614295 PMCID: PMC10443778 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.3c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The SH-SY5Y, neuroblastoma cell line, is a common in vitro model used to study physiological neuronal function and the neuronal response to different stimuli, including exposure to toxic chemicals. These cells can be differentiated to neuron-like cells by administration of various reagents, including retinoic acid or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Despite their common use, there is an incomplete understanding of the molecular changes that occur during differentiation. Therefore, there is a critical need to fully understand the molecular changes that occur during differentiation to properly study neurotoxicity in response to various environmental exposures. Previous studies have investigated the proteome and transcriptome during differentiation; however, the regulation of the cellular lipidome in this process is unexplored. In this work, we conducted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted lipidomics in undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, induced by retinoic acid. We show that there are global differences between the cellular lipidomes of undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Out of thousands of features detected in positive and negative electrospray ionization modes, 44 species were identified that showed significant differences (p-value ≤0.05, fold change ≥2) in differentiated cells. Identification of these features combined with targeted lipidomics highlighted the accumulation of phospholipids, sterols, and sphingolipids during differentiation while triacylglycerols were depleted. These results provide important insights into lipid-related changes that occur during cellular differentiation of SH-5YSY cells and emphasize the need for the detailed characterization of biochemical differences that occur during differentiation while using this in vitro model for assessing ecological impacts of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Camdzic
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Diana S. Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - G. Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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10
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Sardana S, Nederstigt AE, Baggelaar MP. S-Palmitoylation during Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37294931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
S-Palmitoylation is the covalent attachment of C14:0-C22:0 fatty acids (mainly C16:0 palmitate) to cysteines via thioester bonds. This lipid modification is highly abundant in neurons, where it plays a role in neuronal development and is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. The knowledge of S-palmitoylation in neurodevelopment is limited due to technological challenges in analyzing this highly hydrophobic protein modification. Here, we used two orthogonal methods, acyl-biotin exchange (ABE) and lipid metabolic labeling (LML), to identify S-palmitoylated proteins and sites during retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. We identified 2002 putative S-palmitoylated proteins in total, of which 650 were found with both methods. Significant changes in the abundance of S-palmitoylated proteins were detected, in particular for several processes and protein classes that are known to be important for neuronal differentiation, which include proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor (RET) signal transduction, SNARE protein-mediated exocytosis, and neural cell adhesion molecules. Overall, S-palmitoylation profiling by employing ABE and LML in parallel during RA-induced differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells revealed a subset of high confidence bona fide S-palmitoylated proteins and suggested an important role for S-palmitoylation in neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Sardana
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Anneroos E Nederstigt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Marc P Baggelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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11
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Joos-Vandewalle J, Steenkamp V, Prinsloo E. A simplified workflow with end-point validation of real-time electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing of retinoic acid stimulated neurogenesis in human SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:93. [PMID: 37264464 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinoic acid (RA) is known to transition proliferating SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells towards functional neurons. However, the activity of RA is restricted due to its photolability where any findings from prolonged time course observations using microscopy may alter outcomes. The aim of the study was to establish a real-time, long-term (9-day) protocol for the screening of differentiation events using Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A differentiation baseline for SH-SY5Y cells was established. Cells were seeded and exposed to repeated spikes of RA using the xCELLigence real-time cell analyser single plate (RTCA-SP) for real-time monitoring and identification of differentiation activity over a 9 day period in order to be more representative of differentiation over a prolonged timeline. Specific features associated with differentiation (growth inhibition, neurite outgrowths) were confirmed by end-point analysis. RA-induced growth inhibition and assumed phenotypic changes (i.e. neurite outgrowth) were identified by the xCELLigence analysis and further confirmed by end-point metabolic and phenotypic assays. Change in cellular morphology and neurite outgrowth length was identified by end-point fluorescence detection followed by computational analysis. Based on this it was possible to identify SH-SY5Y phenotypic differentiation with distinct phases observed over 9 days using Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) cell index traces providing a path to application in larger scale neurotrophic factor screening using this scalable technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Joos-Vandewalle
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa.
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12
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Barberio C, Saez J, Withers A, Nair M, Tamagnini F, Owens RM. Conducting Polymer-ECM Scaffolds for Human Neuronal Cell Differentiation. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200941. [PMID: 35904257 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
3D cell culture formats more closely resemble tissue architecture complexity than 2D systems, which are lacking most of the cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions of the in vivo milieu. Scaffold-based systems integrating natural biomaterials are extensively employed in tissue engineering to improve cell survival and outgrowth, by providing the chemical and physical cues of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Using the freeze-drying technique, porous 3D composite scaffolds consisting of poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), containing ECM components (i.e., collagen, hyaluronic acid, and laminin) are engineered for hosting neuronal cells. The resulting scaffolds exhibit a highly porous microstructure and good conductivity, determined by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. These supports boast excellent mechanical stability and water uptake capacity, making them ideal candidates for cell infiltration. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells show enhanced cell survival and proliferation in the presence of ECM compared to PEDOT:PSS alone. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings acquired from differentiated SHSY5Y cells in the scaffolds demonstrate that ECM constituents promote neuronal differentiation in situ. These findings reinforce the usability of 3D conducting supports as engineered highly biomimetic and functional in vitro tissue-like platforms for drug or disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Barberio
- Bioelectronic Systems and Technology group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Janire Saez
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, E-48011, Spain
| | - Aimee Withers
- Bioelectronic Systems and Technology group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Malavika Nair
- Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Francesco Tamagnini
- University of Reading, School of Pharmacy, Hopkins Building, Reading, RG6 6LA, UK
| | - Roisin M Owens
- Bioelectronic Systems and Technology group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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13
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Feng C, Wu Y, Chen Y, Xiong X, Li P, Peng X, Li C, Weng W, Zhu Y, Zhou D, Li Y. Arsenic trioxide increases apoptosis of SK-N-BE (2) cells partially by inducing GPX4-mediated ferroptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6573-6580. [PMID: 35598199 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial tumor in central nervous system threatening children's health with limited therapeutic options. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been identified the cytotoxicity in NB cells but the potential mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we attempted to obtain some insight into the mechanisms of cell death induced by ATO in NB cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Proteomic analyses found that ATO can affect the signaling pathway associated with ferroptosis, including the upregulation of iron absorption (FTL, FTH1, HO-1), ferritinophagy (LC3, P62, ATG7, NCOA4) and modifier of glutathione synthesis (GCLM); downregulation of glutamine synthetase (GS) and GPX4, which was the critical inhibitor of ferroptosis. Western blot analysis revealing GPX4 expression in SK-N-BE (2) cells decreased after treatment with ATO (7.3 µM), resulting in a loss of GPX4 activity. Furthermore, Ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 partially blocked ATO-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that ATO may induce ferroptosis in neuroblastoma cell SK-N-BE (2) by facilitating the downregulation of GPX4, ultimately resulting in iron-dependent oxidative death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Feng
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yet-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Yan Jiang Xi Road, No. 107, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yet-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Yan Jiang Xi Road, No. 107, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yantao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yet-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Yan Jiang Xi Road, No. 107, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xilin Xiong
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yet-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Yan Jiang Xi Road, No. 107, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kaiyuan Avenue, No. 190, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yet-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Yan Jiang Xi Road, No. 107, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chunmou Li
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yet-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Yan Jiang Xi Road, No. 107, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wenjun Weng
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yet-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Yan Jiang Xi Road, No. 107, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yafeng Zhu
- Medical Researcher Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Memorial Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Yan Jiang Xi Road, No. 107, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Dunhua Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yet-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Yan Jiang Xi Road, No. 107, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yet-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Yan Jiang Xi Road, No. 107, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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14
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Barth M, Toto Nienguesso A, Navarrete Santos A, Schmidt C. Quantitative proteomics and in-cell cross-linking reveal cellular reorganisation during early neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:551. [PMID: 35672350 PMCID: PMC9174471 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is commonly employed to study neuronal function and disease. This includes cells grown under standard conditions or differentiated to neuron-like cells by administration of chemical reagents such as retinoic acid (RA) or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Even though SH-SY5Y cells are widely explored, a complete description of the resulting proteomes and cellular reorganisation during differentiation is still missing. Here, we relatively quantify the proteomes of cells grown under standard conditions and obtained from two differentiation protocols employing RA or a combination of RA and PMA. Relative quantification and KEGG pathway analysis of the proteins reveals the presence of early differentiating cells and provides a list of marker proteins for undifferentiated and differentiated cells. For characterisation of neuronal sub-types, we analyse expression of marker genes and find that RA-differentiated cells are acetylcholinergic and cholinergic, while RA/PMA-differentiated cells show high expression of acetylcholinergic and dopaminergic marker genes. In-cell cross-linking further allows capturing protein interactions in different cellular organelles. Specifically, we observe structural reorganisation upon differentiation involving regulating protein factors of the actin cytoskeleton. Quantitative proteomic analyses are employed to explore the changes in the proteome that occur upon neuronal differentiation in the SH-SY5Y cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Barth
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alicia Toto Nienguesso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anne Navarrete Santos
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Carla Schmidt
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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15
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Dai X, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhong Y, Pei M, Long J, Dong X, Chen YL, Wang Q, Wang G, Gold BG, Vandenbark AA, Neve KA, Offner H, Wang C. Tyrphostin A9 protects axons in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through activation of ERKs. Life Sci 2022; 294:120383. [PMID: 35143827 PMCID: PMC8920308 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Small molecule compound tyrphostin A9 (A9), an inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor, was previously reported by our group to stimulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and 2 (ERK2) in neuronal cells in a PDGF receptor-irrelevant manner. The study aimed to investigate whether A9 could protect axons in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through activation of ERKs. MAIN METHODS A9 treatment on the protection on neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and primary substantia nigra neuron cultures from the neurotoxin MPP+ were analyzed. Then, clinical symptoms as well as ERK1/2 activation, axonal protection induction, and the abundance increases of the regeneration biomarker GAP-43 in the CNS in the relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model were verified. KEY FINDINGS A9 treatment could stimulate neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and protect primary substantia nigra neuron cultures from the neurotoxin MPP+. In the relapsing-remitting EAE model, oral administration of A9 successfully ameliorated clinical symptoms, activated ERK1/2, induced axonal protection, and increased the abundance of the regeneration biomarker GAP-43 in the CNS. Interestingly, gene deficiency of ERK1 or ERK2 disrupted the beneficial effects of A9 in MOG-35-55-induced EAE. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrated that small molecule compounds that stimulate persistent ERK activation in vitro and in vivo may be useful in protective or restorative treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Axons/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/genetics
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neuroblastoma/drug therapy
- Neuroblastoma/metabolism
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Tyrphostins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yuexin Li
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Yongping Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Min Pei
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Long
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xingchen Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guifeng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Bruce G Gold
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Kim A Neve
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Halina Offner
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Chunhe Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America.
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16
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Singh S, Somvanshi RK, Kumar U. Somatostatin-Mediated Regulation of Retinoic Acid-Induced Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Cells: Neurotransmitters Phenotype Characterization. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020337. [PMID: 35203546 PMCID: PMC8961784 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During brain development, neurite formation plays a critical role in neuronal communication and cognitive function. In the present study, we compared developmental changes in the expression of crucial markers that govern the functional activity of neurons, including somatostatin (SST), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), brain nitric oxide synthase (bNOS), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65) and synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin (SYP) in non-differentiated and retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. We further determined the role of SST in regulating subcellular distribution and expression of neurotransmitters. Our results indicate that SST potentiates RA-induced differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells and involves regulating the subcellular distribution and expression of neurotransmitter markers and synaptophysin translocation to neurites in a time-dependent manner, anticipating the therapeutic implication of SST in neurodegeneration.
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17
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Pandey A, Sarkar S, Yadav SK, Yadav SS, Srikrishna S, Siddiqui MH, Parmar D, Yadav S. Studies on Regulation of Global Protein Profile and Cellular Bioenergetics of Differentiating SH-SY5Y Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1799-1818. [PMID: 35025051 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The SH-SY5Y cells differentiated by sequential exposure of retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) are a well-employed cellular model for studying the mechanistic aspects of neural development and neurodegeneration. Earlier studies from our lab have identified dramatic upregulation (77 miRNAs) and downregulation (17 miRNAs) of miRNAs in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with successive exposure of RA + BDNF and demonstrated the essential role of increased levels of P53 proteins in coping with the differentiation-induced changes in protein levels. In continuation to our earlier studies, we have performed unbiased LC-MS/MS global protein profiling of naïve and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and analyzed the identified proteins in reference to miRNAs identified in our earlier studies to identify the cellular events regulated by both identified miRNAs and proteins. Analysis of LC-MS/MS data has shown a significant increase and decrease in levels of 215 and 163 proteins, respectively, in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Integrative analysis of miRNA identified in our previous studies and protein identified in the present study is carried out to discover novel miRNA-protein regulatory modules to elucidate miRNA-protein regulatory relationships of differentiating neurons. In silico network analysis of miRNAs and proteins deregulated upon SH-SY5Y differentiation identified cell cycle, synapse formation, axonogenesis, differentiation, neuron projection, and neurotransmission, as the topmost involved pathways. Further, measuring mitochondrial dynamics and cellular bioenergetics using qPCR and Seahorse XFp Flux Analyzer, respectively, showed that differentiated cells possess increased mitochondrial dynamics and OCR relative to undifferentiated cells. In summary, our studies have identified a novel set of proteins deregulated during neuronal differentiation and establish the role of miRNAs identified in earlier studies in the regulation of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS-based global profiling of differentiating neurons, which will help in future studies related to neural development and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Pandey
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sana Sarkar
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India
| | - Smriti Singh Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Devendra Parmar
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India.
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India. .,All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Uttar Pradesh, Raebareli, India.
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18
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Mesquita FCP, Morrissey J, Lee PF, Monnerat G, Xi Y, Andersson H, Nogueira FCS, Domont GB, Sampaio LC, Hochman-Mendez C, Taylor DA. Cues from human atrial extracellular matrix enrich the atrial differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3737-3749. [PMID: 33861819 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01686a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
New robust and reproducible differentiation approaches are needed to generate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes of specific subtypes in predictable quantities for tissue-specific disease modeling, tissue engineering, and eventual clinical translation. Here, we assessed whether powdered decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) particles contained chamber-specific cues that could direct the cardiac differentiation of human iPSCs toward an atrial phenotype. Human hearts were dissected and the left ventricle (LV) and left atria (LA) were isolated, minced, and decellularized using an adapted submersion decellularization technique to generate chamber-specific powdered dECM. Comparative proteomic analyses showed chamber-specific dECM segregation, with atrial- and ventricle-specific proteins uniquely present in powdered dECM-hA and dECM-hV, respectively. Cell populations differentiated in the presence of dECM-hA showed upregulated atrial molecular markers and a two-fold increase in the number of atrial-like cells as compared with cells differentiated with dECM-hV or no dECM (control). Finally, electrophysiological data showed an increase in action potentials characteristic of atrial-like cells in the dECM-hA group. These findings support the hypothesis that dECM powder derived from human atria retained endogenous cues to drive cardiac differentiation toward an atrial fate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Po-Feng Lee
- Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, MC 1-135, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Gustavo Monnerat
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Yutao Xi
- Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, MC 1-135, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Helen Andersson
- Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, MC 1-135, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Fabio C S Nogueira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Sampaio
- Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, MC 1-135, Houston, TX 77030, USA. and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Doris A Taylor
- Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, MC 1-135, Houston, TX 77030, USA. and RegenMedix Consulting LLC, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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19
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Siaw JT, Javanmardi N, Van den Eynden J, Lind DE, Fransson S, Martinez-Monleon A, Djos A, Sjöberg RM, Östensson M, Carén H, Trøen G, Beiske K, Berbegall AP, Noguera R, Lai WY, Kogner P, Palmer RH, Hallberg B, Martinsson T. 11q Deletion or ALK Activity Curbs DLG2 Expression to Maintain an Undifferentiated State in Neuroblastoma. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108171. [PMID: 32966799 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastomas typically display an undifferentiated or poorly differentiated morphology. It is therefore vital to understand molecular mechanisms that block the differentiation process. We identify an important role for oncogenic ALK-ERK1/2-SP1 signaling in the maintenance of undifferentiated neural crest-derived progenitors through the repression of DLG2, a candidate tumor suppressor gene in neuroblastoma. DLG2 is expressed in the murine "bridge signature" that represents the transcriptional transition state when neural crest cells or Schwann cell precursors differentiate to chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland. We show that the restoration of DLG2 expression spontaneously drives neuroblastoma cell differentiation, highlighting the importance of DLG2 in this process. These findings are supported by genetic analyses of high-risk 11q deletion neuroblastomas, which identified genetic lesions in the DLG2 gene. Our data also suggest that further exploration of other bridge genes may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of NC-derived progenitors and their contribution to neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Tetteh Siaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niloufar Javanmardi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dan Emil Lind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela Martinez-Monleon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Djos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rose-Marie Sjöberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Östensson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Carén
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunhild Trøen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Beiske
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana P Berbegall
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA, Valencia/CIBER of Cancer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA, Valencia/CIBER of Cancer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wei-Yun Lai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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20
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van Gelder CAGH, Altelaar M. Neuroproteomics of the Synapse: Subcellular Quantification of Protein Networks and Signaling Dynamics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100087. [PMID: 33933679 PMCID: PMC8167277 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most fascinating features of the brain is its ability to adapt to its surroundings. Synaptic plasticity, the dynamic mechanism of functional and structural alterations in synaptic strength, is essential for brain functioning and underlies a variety of processes such as learning and memory. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying such rapid plasticity are not fully understood, a consensus exists on the important role of proteins. The study of these neuronal proteins using neuroproteomics has increased rapidly in the last decades, and advancements in MS-based proteomics have broadened our understanding of neuroplasticity exponentially. In this review, we discuss the trends in MS-based neuroproteomics for the study of synaptic protein-protein interactions and protein signaling dynamics, with a focus on sample types, different labeling and enrichment approaches, and data analysis and interpretation. We highlight studies from the last 5 years, with a focus on synapse structure, composition, functioning, or signaling and finally discuss some recent developments that could further advance the field of neuroproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A G H van Gelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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21
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Rashed AA, Ahmad H, Abdul Khalid SK, Rathi DNG. The Potential Use of Sialic Acid From Edible Bird's Nest to Attenuate Mitochondrial Dysfunction by In Vitro Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:633303. [PMID: 33912049 PMCID: PMC8072155 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) is one of the expensive functional foods in herbal medicine. One of the major glyconutrients in EBN is sialic acid, which has a beneficial effect on neurological and intellectual capability in mammals. The aims of this research were to study the effects of sialic acid from EBN on cell viability and to determine its effect on mitochondria membrane potential (MtMP) in Caco-2, SK-N-MC, SH-SY5Y, and PC-12 cell lines. Fourteen samples of raw EBN were collected from four different states in Malaysia. The confluency of the epithelial monolayers measurement of the tight junction for all the cell lines was determined using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and the sialic acid uptake study in cell lines was determined by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The MTT assay was conducted for cell viability study. The MtMP in cell lines was determined using the Mito Probe JC-1 Assay by flow cytometer analysis. We have recorded a statistically significant difference between the uptake of sialic acid from EBN and the standard solution. A higher amount of sialic acid was absorbed by the cells from extract of EBN compared to the standard solution. The amounts of sialic acid uptake in Caco-2, SK-N-MC, SH-SY5Y, and PC-12 cell lines were (0.019 ± 0.001), (0.034 ± 0.006), (0.021 ± 0.002), and (0.025 ± 0.000) µmol/L, respectively. The MTT results indicated that the concentration of sialic acid increased the cell viability and showed no cytotoxicity effects on cell lines when they were exposed to the sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard at all the tested concentrations. The number of active mitochondria was found to be significantly higher in SH-SY5Y cell lines with a 195% increase when treated with sialic acid from EBN. Although many researchers around the globe use SH-SY5Y and SK-N-MC for Alzheimer's disease (AD) study, based on our finding, SH-SY5Y was found to be the most suitable cell line for AD study by in vitro works where it has a known relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswir Abd Rashed
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Hafandi Ahmad
- Departments of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khadijah Abdul Khalid
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Devi-Nair Gunasegavan Rathi
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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22
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Martins M, Ramos LFC, Murillo JR, Torres A, de Carvalho SS, Domont GB, de Oliveira DMP, Mesquita RD, Nogueira FCS, Maciel-de-Freitas R, Junqueira M. Comprehensive Quantitative Proteome Analysis of Aedes aegypti Identifies Proteins and Pathways Involved in Wolbachia pipientis and Zika Virus Interference Phenomenon. Front Physiol 2021; 12:642237. [PMID: 33716790 PMCID: PMC7947915 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.642237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a global public health emergency due to its association with microcephaly, Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuropathy, and myelitis in children and adults. A total of 87 countries have had evidence of autochthonous mosquito-borne transmission of ZIKV, distributed across four continents, and no antivirus therapy or vaccines are available. Therefore, several strategies have been developed to target the main mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, to reduce the burden of different arboviruses. Among such strategies, the use of the maternally-inherited endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis has been applied successfully to reduce virus susceptibility and decrease transmission. However, the mechanisms by which Wolbachia orchestrate resistance to ZIKV infection remain to be elucidated. In this study, we apply isobaric labeling quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics to quantify proteins and identify pathways altered during ZIKV infection; Wolbachia infection; co-infection with Wolbachia/ZIKV in the A. aegypti heads and salivary glands. We show that Wolbachia regulates proteins involved in reactive oxygen species production, regulates humoral immune response, and antioxidant production. The reduction of ZIKV polyprotein in the presence of Wolbachia in mosquitoes was determined by MS and corroborates the idea that Wolbachia helps to block ZIKV infections in A. aegypti. The present study offers a rich resource of data that may help to elucidate mechanisms by which Wolbachia orchestrate resistance to ZIKV infection in A. aegypti, and represents a step further on the development of new targeted methods to detect and quantify ZIKV and Wolbachia directly in complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Costa Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jimmy Rodriguez Murillo
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Torres
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Barbosa Domont
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Dias Mesquita
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Magno Junqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Head SA, Hernandez-Alias X, Yang JS, Ciampi L, Beltran-Sastre V, Torres-Méndez A, Irimia M, Schaefer MH, Serrano L. Silencing of SRRM4 suppresses microexon inclusion and promotes tumor growth across cancers. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001138. [PMID: 33621242 PMCID: PMC7935315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing is widely dysregulated in cancer, frequently due to altered expression or activity of splicing factors (SFs). Microexons are extremely small exons (3–27 nucleotides long) that are highly evolutionarily conserved and play critical roles in promoting neuronal differentiation and development. Inclusion of microexons in mRNA transcripts is mediated by the SF Serine/Arginine Repetitive Matrix 4 (SRRM4), whose expression is largely restricted to neural tissues. However, microexons have been largely overlooked in prior analyses of splicing in cancer, as their small size necessitates specialized computational approaches for their detection. Here, we demonstrate that despite having low expression in normal nonneural tissues, SRRM4 is further silenced in tumors, resulting in the suppression of normal microexon inclusion. Remarkably, SRRM4 is the most consistently silenced SF across all tumor types analyzed, implying a general advantage of microexon down-regulation in cancer independent of its tissue of origin. We show that this silencing is favorable for tumor growth, as decreased SRRM4 expression in tumors is correlated with an increase in mitotic gene expression, and up-regulation of SRRM4 in cancer cell lines dose-dependently inhibits proliferation in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model. Further, this proliferation inhibition is accompanied by induction of neural-like expression and splicing patterns in cancer cells, suggesting that SRRM4 expression shifts the cell state away from proliferation and toward differentiation. We therefore conclude that SRRM4 acts as a proliferation brake, and tumors gain a selective advantage by cutting off this brake. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, this study shows that the splicing factor SRRM4 and its program of differentiation-promoting microexons are downregulated across tumor types with remarkable consistency, providing tumors with a proliferative advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Head
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (SAH); (MHS); (LS)
| | - Xavier Hernandez-Alias
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jae-Seong Yang
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica, Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ludovica Ciampi
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Violeta Beltran-Sastre
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Torres-Méndez
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Irimia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin H. Schaefer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (SAH); (MHS); (LS)
| | - Luis Serrano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (SAH); (MHS); (LS)
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24
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Impact of DJ-1 and Helix 8 on the Proteome and Degradome of Neuron-Like Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020404. [PMID: 33669258 PMCID: PMC7920061 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 is an abundant and ubiquitous component of cellular proteomes. DJ-1 supposedly exerts a wide variety of molecular functions, ranging from enzymatic activities as a deglycase, protease, and esterase to chaperone functions. However, a consensus perspective on its molecular function in the cellular context has not yet been reached. Structurally, the C-terminal helix 8 of DJ-1 has been proposed to constitute a propeptide whose proteolytic removal transforms a DJ-1 zymogen to an active hydrolase with potential proteolytic activity. To better understand the cell-contextual functionality of DJ-1 and the role of helix 8, we employed post-mitotically differentiated, neuron-like SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with stable over-expression of full length DJ-1 or DJ-1 lacking helix 8 (ΔH8), either with a native catalytically active site (C106) or an inactive site (C106A active site mutation). Global proteome comparison of cells over-expressing DJ-1 ΔH8 with native or mutated active site cysteine indicated a strong impact on mitochondrial biology. N-terminomic profiling however did not highlight direct protease substrate candidates for DJ-1 ΔH8, but linked DJ-1 to elevated levels of activated lysosomal proteases, albeit presumably in an indirect manner. Finally, we show that DJ-1 ΔH8 loses the deglycation activity of full length DJ-1. Our study further establishes DJ-1 as deglycation enzyme. Helix 8 is essential for the deglycation activity but dispensable for the impact on lysosomal and mitochondrial biology; further illustrating the pleiotropic nature of DJ-1.
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25
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Simões RF, Ferrão R, Silva MR, Pinho SLC, Ferreira L, Oliveira PJ, Cunha-Oliveira T. Refinement of a differentiation protocol using neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells for use in neurotoxicology research. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:111967. [PMID: 33417974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since most models used to study neuronal dysfunction display disadvantages and ethical concerns, a fast and reproducible in vitro model to study mitochondria-related neurodegeneration is required. Here, we optimized and characterized a 3-day retinoic acid-based protocol to differentiate the SH-SY5Y cell line into a neuronal-like phenotype and investigated alterations in mitochondrial physiology and distribution. Differentiation was associated with p21-linked cell cycle arrest and an increase in cell mass and area, possibly associated with the development of neurite-like extensions. Notably, increased expression of mature neuronal markers (neuronal-specific nuclear protein, microtubule-associated protein 2, βIII tubulin and enolase 2) was observed in differentiated cells. Moreover, increased mitochondrial content and maximal area per cell suggests mitochondrial remodeling. To demonstrate that this model is appropriate to study mitochondrial dysfunction, cells were treated for 6 h with mitochondrial toxicants (rotenone, antimycin A, carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)). Differentiated cells were more susceptible to increasing concentrations of FCCP, antimycin A, and rotenone, while 6-OHDA showed a distinct dose-dependent neurotoxicity pattern. Even though differentiated cells did not exhibit a fully mature/differentiated neuronal phenotype, the protocol developed can be used to study neurotoxicity processes, mitochondrial dynamics, and bioenergetic impairment, representing an alternative to study mitochondrial impairment-related pathologies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui F Simões
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal; Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Ferrão
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Margarida R Silva
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Sonia L C Pinho
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal; CIVG- Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal.
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26
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Besada V, Ramos Y, Espinosa LA, Fu W, Perera Y, González LJ. FAIMS-MS might contribute to phosphopeptides identification in plasma. J Proteomics 2021; 234:104102. [PMID: 33412312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
FAIMS interface is gaining popularity because of the impressive 100-fold signal to noise enhancement in addition to the recent coupling to the Orbitrap technology, the most important analyzer developed in the last 20 years. The selection of group of ions and effective removal of single-charged ones at particular compensation voltages increases around 50% the proteome coverage at expenses of lower peptides coverage. However, specific setting for phosphoproteome analysis is yet poorly described. Here we have found the maximum transmission for several tryptic phosphopeptides isolated from a single complex mixture and we have set an experimental method based on five compensation voltages partially different to the ones described previously, demonstrating the relevance of voltages higher than 47 V, with an increase of around 20% of unique phosphopeptides. Using this experimental setup two complex phosphoproteomes isolates (SH-SY5Y cell line and plasma) were analyzed and found increments of 50% on phosphopeptides identification with the proposed method with respect to a previous one, for the cell line extract. Meanwhile for plasma 109 of the detected phosphopeptides are found for first time in this body fluid, presumably due to the release of intracellular proteins. With this FAIMS setup, 60% of the proteins identified are classified as very low abundant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Besada
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana CP: 10600, Cuba; Proteomics Laboratory, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yangjiaqiao Street, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province CP: 425000, China.
| | - Y Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana CP: 10600, Cuba.
| | - L A Espinosa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana CP: 10600, Cuba.
| | - W Fu
- Proteomics Laboratory, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yangjiaqiao Street, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province CP: 425000, China.
| | - Y Perera
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana CP: 10600, Cuba; Proteomics Laboratory, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yangjiaqiao Street, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province CP: 425000, China.
| | - L J González
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana CP: 10600, Cuba.
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27
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Halakos EG, Connell AJ, Glazewski L, Wei S, Mason RW. Bottom up proteomics identifies neuronal differentiation pathway networks activated by cathepsin inhibition treatment in neuroblastoma cells that are enhanced by concurrent 13-cis retinoic acid treatment. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104068. [PMID: 33278663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the second most common pediatric cancer involving the peripheral nervous system in which stage IVS metastatic tumors regress due to spontaneous differentiation. 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) is currently used in the clinic for its differentiation effects and although it improves outcomes, relapse is seen in half of high-risk patients. Combinatorial therapies have been shown to be more effective in oncotherapy and since cathepsin inhibition reduces tumor growth, we explored the potential of coupling 13-cis RA with a cathepsin inhibitor (K777) to enhance therapeutic efficacy against neuroblastoma. Shotgun proteomics was used to identify proteins affected by K777 and dual (13-cis RA/K777) treatment in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Cathepsin inhibition was more effective in increasing proteins involved in neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth than 13-cis RA alone, but the combination of both treatments enhanced the neuronal differentiation effect. SIGNIFICANCE: As neuroblastoma can spontaneously differentiate, determining which proteins are involved in differentiation can guide development of more accurate diagnostic markers and more effective treatments. In this study, we established a differentiation proteomic map of SK-N-SH cells treated with a cathepsin inhibitor (K777) and K777/13-cis RA (dual). Bioinformatic analysis revealed these treatments enhanced neuronal differentiation and axonogenesis pathways. The most affected proteins in these pathways may become valuable biomarkers of efficacy of drugs designed to enhance differentiation of neuroblastoma [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie G Halakos
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Andrew J Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lisa Glazewski
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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28
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Zhang T, Gygi SP, Paulo JA. Temporal Proteomic Profiling of SH-SY5Y Differentiation with Retinoic Acid Using FAIMS and Real-Time Searching. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:704-714. [PMID: 33054241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The SH-SY5Y cell line is often used as a surrogate for neurons in cell-based studies. This cell line is frequently differentiated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) over a 7-day period, which confers neuron-like properties to the cells. However, no analysis of proteome remodeling has followed the progress of this transition. Here, we quantitatively profiled over 9400 proteins across a 7-day treatment with retinoic acid using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies, including FAIMS, real-time database searching, and TMTpro16 sample multiplexing. Gene ontology analysis revealed that categories with the highest increases in protein abundance were related to the plasma membrane/extracellular space. To showcase our data set, we surveyed the protein abundance profiles linked to neurofilament bundle assembly, neuron projections, and neuronal cell body formation. These proteins exhibited increases in abundance level, yet we observed multiple patterns among the queried proteins. The data presented represent a rich resource for investigating temporal protein abundance changes in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with retinoic acid. Moreover, the sample preparation and data acquisition strategies used here can be readily applied to any analogous cell line differentiation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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29
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Tüshaus J, Kataka ES, Zaucha J, Frishman D, Müller SA, Lichtenthaler SF. Neuronal Differentiation of LUHMES Cells Induces Substantial Changes of the Proteome. Proteomics 2020; 21:e2000174. [PMID: 32951307 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell lines are important model systems to study mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. One example is the Lund Human Mesencephalic (LUHMES) cell line, which can differentiate into dopaminergic-like neurons and is frequently used to study mechanisms of Parkinson's disease and neurotoxicity. Neuronal differentiation of LUHMES cells is commonly verified with selected neuronal markers, but little is known about the proteome-wide protein abundance changes during differentiation. Using mass spectrometry and label-free quantification (LFQ), the proteome of differentiated and undifferentiated LUHMES cells and of primary murine midbrain neurons are compared. Neuronal differentiation induced substantial changes of the LUHMES cell proteome, with proliferation-related proteins being strongly down-regulated and neuronal and dopaminergic proteins, such as L1CAM and α-synuclein (SNCA) being up to 1,000-fold up-regulated. Several of these proteins, including MAPT and SYN1, may be useful as new markers for experimentally validating neuronal differentiation of LUHMES cells. Primary midbrain neurons are slightly more closely related to differentiated than to undifferentiated LUHMES cells, in particular with respect to the abundance of proteins related to neurodegeneration. In summary, the analysis demonstrates that differentiated LUHMES cells are a suitable model for studies on neurodegeneration and provides a resource of the proteome-wide changes during neuronal differentiation. (ProteomeXchange identifier PXD020044).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, München, 81377, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Evans Sioma Kataka
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 3, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Jan Zaucha
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 3, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 3, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, München, 81377, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, München, 81377, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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30
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Lindhout FW, Kooistra R, Portegies S, Herstel LJ, Stucchi R, Snoek BL, Altelaar AFM, MacGillavry HD, Wierenga CJ, Hoogenraad CC. Quantitative mapping of transcriptome and proteome dynamics during polarization of human iPSC-derived neurons. eLife 2020; 9:e58124. [PMID: 32940601 PMCID: PMC7498259 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of neuronal stem cells into polarized neurons is a well-coordinated process which has mostly been studied in classical non-human model systems, but to what extent these findings are recapitulated in human neurons remains unclear. To study neuronal polarization in human neurons, we cultured hiPSC-derived neurons, characterized early developmental stages, measured electrophysiological responses, and systematically profiled transcriptomic and proteomic dynamics during these steps. The neuron transcriptome and proteome shows extensive remodeling, with differential expression profiles of ~1100 transcripts and ~2200 proteins during neuronal differentiation and polarization. We also identified a distinct axon developmental stage marked by the relocation of axon initial segment proteins and increased microtubule remodeling from the distal (stage 3a) to the proximal (stage 3b) axon. This developmental transition coincides with action potential maturation. Our comprehensive characterization and quantitative map of transcriptome and proteome dynamics provides a solid framework for studying polarization in human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feline W Lindhout
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Robbelien Kooistra
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Sybren Portegies
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Lotte J Herstel
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Riccardo Stucchi
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Basten L Snoek
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - AF Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Harold D MacGillavry
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, IncSan FranciscoUnited States
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31
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes molecular polarization and differentiation of immature neuroblastoma cells into definitive neurons. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118737. [PMID: 32389647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Throughout development, neuronal progenitors undergo complex transformation into polarized nerve cells, warranting the directional flow of information in the neural grid. The majority of neuronal polarization studies have been carried out on rodent-derived precursor cells, programmed to develop into neurons. Unlike rodent neuronal cells, SH-SY5Y cells derived from human bone marrow present a sub-clone of neuroblastoma line, with their transformation into neuron-like cells showing a range of highly instructive neurobiological characteristics. We applied two-step retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protocol to monitor the conversion of undifferentiated SH-SY5Y into neuron-like cells with distinctly polarized axon-dendritic morphology and formation of bona fide synaptic connections. We show that BDNF is a key driver and regulator of the expression of axonal marker tau and dendritic microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2), with their sorting to distinct cellular compartments. Using selective kinase inhibitors downregulating BDNF-TrkB signaling, we demonstrate that constitutive activation of TrkB receptor is essential for the maintenance of established polarization morphology. Importantly, the proximity ligation assay applied in our preparation demonstrates that differentiating neuron-like cells develop elaborate synaptic connections enriched with hallmark pre- and postsynaptic proteins. Described herein findings highlight several fundamental processes related to neuronal polarization and synaptogenesis in human-derived cells, which are of major relevance to neurobiology and translational neuroscience.
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Brenig K, Grube L, Schwarzländer M, Köhrer K, Stühler K, Poschmann G. The Proteomic Landscape of Cysteine Oxidation That Underpins Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1923-1940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Brenig
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie Grube
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute for Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Plant Energy Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Genomics & Transcriptomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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33
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Liu D, Rychkov G, Al-Hawwas M, Manaph NPA, Zhou F, Bobrovskaya L, Liao H, Zhou XF. Conversion of human urine-derived cells into neuron-like cells by small molecules. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2713-2722. [PMID: 32185687 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neural cell transplantation is an effective way for treatment of neurological diseases. However, the absence of transplantable human neurons remains a barrier for clinical therapies. Human urine-derived cells, namely renal cells and urine stem cells, have become a good source of cells for reprogramming or trans-differentiation research. Here, we show that human urine-derived cells can be partially converted into neuron-like cells by applying a cocktail of small molecules. Gene expression analysis has shown that these induced cells expressed some neuron-specific genes, and a proportion of the cells are GABAergic neurons. Moreover, whole-cell patch clamping recording has shown that some induced cells have neuron-specific voltage gated Na+ and K+ currents but have failed to generate Ca2+ currents and action potentials. Taken together, these results suggest that induced neuronal cells from human urine-derived cells may be useful for neurological disease modelling, drug screening and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Grigori Rychkov
- Discipline of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | | | - Fiona Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Pregnane steroidogenesis is altered by HIV-1 Tat and morphine: Physiological allopregnanolone is protective against neurotoxic and psychomotor effects. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 12:100211. [PMID: 32258256 PMCID: PMC7109513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane steroids, particularly allopregnanolone (AlloP), are neuroprotective in response to central insult. While unexplored in vivo, AlloP may confer protection against the neurological dysfunction associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The HIV-1 regulatory protein, trans-activator of transcription (Tat), is neurotoxic and its expression in mice increases anxiety-like behavior; an effect that can be ameliorated by progesterone, but not when 5α-reduction is blocked. Given that Tat's neurotoxic effects involve mitochondrial dysfunction and can be worsened with opioid exposure, we hypothesized that Tat and/or combined morphine would perturb steroidogenesis in mice, promoting neuronal death, and that exogenous AlloP would rescue these effects. Like other models of neural injury, conditionally inducing HIV-1 Tat in transgenic mice significantly increased the central synthesis of pregnenolone and progesterone's 5α-reduced metabolites, including AlloP, while decreasing central deoxycorticosterone (independent of changes in plasma). Morphine significantly increased brain and plasma concentrations of several steroids (including progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, and their metabolites) likely via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis. Tat, but not morphine, caused glucocorticoid resistance in primary splenocytes. In neurons, Tat depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential and increased cell death. Physiological concentrations of AlloP (0.1, 1, or 10 nM) reversed these effects. High-concentration AlloP (100 nM) was neurotoxic in combination with morphine. Tat induction in transgenic mice potentiated the psychomotor effects of acute morphine, while exogenous AlloP (1.0 mg/kg, but not 0.5 mg/kg) was ameliorative. Data demonstrate that steroidogenesis is altered by HIV-1 Tat or morphine and that physiological AlloP attenuates resulting neurotoxic and psychomotor effects.
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35
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Koçtürk S, Serdar B, Erkmen T, Ergür B, Akan P. Comparison of medium supplements in terms of the effects on the differentiation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. NEUROL SCI NEUROPHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/nsn.nsn_15_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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36
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Petry FDS, Coelho BP, Gaelzer MM, Kreutz F, Guma FTCR, Salbego CG, Trindade VMT. Genistein protects against amyloid-beta-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by regulation of Akt and Tau phosphorylation. Phytother Res 2019; 34:796-807. [PMID: 31795012 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, which ultimately leads to the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and cell death. Increasing evidence indicates that genistein, a soy isoflavone, has neuroprotective effects against Aβ-induced toxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in its neuroprotection are not well understood. In this study, we have established a neuronal damage model using retinoic-acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells treated with different concentrations of Aβ25-35 to investigate the effect of genistein against Aβ-induced cell death and the possible involvement of protein kinase B (PKB, also termed Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and Tau as an underlying mechanism to this neuroprotection. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were pre-treated for 24 hr with genistein (1 and 10 nM) and exposed to Aβ25-35 (25 μM), and we found that genistein partially inhibited Aβ induced cell death, primarily apoptosis. Furthermore, the protective effect of genistein was associated with the inhibition of Aβ-induced Akt inactivation and Tau hyperphosphorylation. These findings reinforce the neuroprotective effects of genistein against Aβ toxicity and provide evidence that its mechanism may involve regulation of Akt and Tau proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Dos Santos Petry
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Paranhos Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Maier Gaelzer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Kreutz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fátima Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Christianne Gazzana Salbego
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Treis Trindade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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37
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Halakos EG, Connell AJ, Glazewski L, Wei S, Mason RW. Bottom up proteomics reveals novel differentiation proteins in neuroblastoma cells treated with 13-cis retinoic acid. J Proteomics 2019; 209:103491. [PMID: 31472280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, is the second most common pediatric cancer. A unique feature of neuroblastoma is remission in some patients due to spontaneous differentiation of metastatic tumors. 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) is currently used in the clinic to treat neuroblastoma due to its differentiation inducing effects. In this study, we used shotgun proteomics to identify proteins affected by 13-cis RA treatment in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Our results showed that 13-cis RA reduced proteins involved in extracellular matrix synthesis and organization and increased proteins involved in cell adhesion and neurofilament formation. These changes indicate that 13-cis RA induces tumor cell differentiation by decreasing extracellular matrix rigidity and increasing neurite overgrowth. Differentially-affected proteins identified in this study may be novel biomarkers of drug efficacy in the treatment of neuroblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: As neuroblastoma can spontaneously differentiate, determining which proteins are involved in differentiation can guide development of novel treatments. 13-cis retinoic acid is currently used in the clinic as a differentiation inducer. Here we have established a proteome map of SK-N-SH cells treated with 13-cis retinoic acid. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the involvement of development, differentiation, extracellular matrix assembly, collagen biosynthesis, and neurofilament bundle association. This proteome map provides information as to which proteins are important for differentiation and identifies networks that can be targeted by drugs to treat neuroblastoma [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie G Halakos
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Andrew J Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lisa Glazewski
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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38
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A rapid, safe, and quantitative in vitro assay for measurement of uracil-DNA glycosylase activity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:991-1001. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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39
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Goto-Silva L, Ayad NME, Herzog IL, Silva NP, Lamien B, Orlande HRB, da Costa Souza A, Ribeiro S, Martins M, Domont GB, Junqueira M, Tovar-Moll F, Rehen SK. Computational fluid dynamic analysis of physical forces playing a role in brain organoid cultures in two different multiplex platforms. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:3. [PMID: 30841924 PMCID: PMC6404276 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Organoid cultivation in suspension culture requires agitation at low shear stress to allow for nutrient diffusion, which preserves tissue structure. Multiplex systems for organoid cultivation have been proposed, but whether they meet similar shear stress parameters as the regularly used spinner flask and its correlation with the successful generation of brain organoids has not been determined. Results Here we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate two multiplex culture conditions: steering plates on an orbital shaker and the use of a previously described bioreactor. The bioreactor had low speed and high shear stress regions that may affect cell aggregate growth, depending on volume, whereas the computed variables of the steering plates were closer to those of the spinning flask. Conclusion Our protocol improves the initial steps of the standard brain organoid formation, and the produced organoids displayed regionalized brain structures, including retinal pigmented cells. Overall, we conclude that suspension culture on orbital steering plates is a cost-effective practical alternative to previously described platforms for the cultivation of brain organoids for research and multiplex testing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12861-019-0183-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Goto-Silva
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Nadia M E Ayad
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Iasmin L Herzog
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnica/COPPE - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Horácio Macedo, 2030, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-914, Brazil
| | - Nilton P Silva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnica/COPPE - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Horácio Macedo, 2030, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-914, Brazil
| | - Bernard Lamien
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnica/COPPE - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Horácio Macedo, 2030, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-914, Brazil
| | - Helcio R B Orlande
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnica/COPPE - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Horácio Macedo, 2030, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-914, Brazil
| | - Annie da Costa Souza
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro, 2155, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro, 2155, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Michele Martins
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Magno Junqueira
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco K, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Stevens K Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco K, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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Neuron-Specific Gene 2 (NSG2) Encodes an AMPA Receptor Interacting Protein That Modulates Excitatory Neurotransmission. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NWR-0292-18. [PMID: 30680309 PMCID: PMC6345199 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0292-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons have evolved a number of unique protein-coding genes that regulate trafficking of protein complexes within small organelles throughout dendrites and axons. Neuron-specific gene 2 (NSG2) encodes for one of the most abundant proteins in the nervous system during perinatal development. NSG2 belongs to a family of small neuronal endosomal proteins but its function has remained uncharacterized to date. Here, we show that NSG2 is found in discrete punctae restricted to the somatodendritic arbors of developing mouse and human neurons, and a significant proportion of NSG2 punctae colocalize with postsynaptic HOMER1 and surface-expressed AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) at excitatory synapses. Immunoprecipitation revealed that NSG2 physically interacts with both the GluA1 and GluA2 AMPAR subunits in mouse brain. Knock-out of NSG2 in mouse hippocampal neurons selectively impaired the frequency of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) and caused alterations in PSD95 expression at postsynaptic densities (PSDs). In contrast, NSG2 overexpression caused a significant increase in the amplitude of mEPSCs as well as GluA2 surface expression. Thus, NSG2 functions as an AMPAR-binding protein that is required for normal synapse formation and/or maintenance, and has unique functions compared with other NSG family members.
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41
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Mass spectrometry evaluation of a neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell culture protocol. Anal Biochem 2018; 559:51-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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