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Cattaneo A, Begni V, Zonca V, Riva MA. Early life adversities, psychopathologies and novel pharmacological strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2024:108686. [PMID: 38969307 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to adversities during early life stages (early life adversities - ELA), ranging from pregnancy to adolescence, represents a major risk factor for the vulnerability to mental disorders. Hence, it is important to understand the molecular and functional underpinning of such relationship, in order to develop strategies aimed at reducing the psychopathologic burden associated with ELA, which may eventually lead to a significant improvement in clinical practice. In this review, we will initially recapitulate clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the link between ELA and psychopathology and we will primarily discuss the main biological mechanisms that have been described as potential mediators of the effects of ELA on the psychopathologic risk, including the role for genetic factors as well as sex differences. The knowledge emerging from these studies may be instrumental for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed not only at correcting the deficits that emerge from ELA exposure, but also in preventing the manifestation of a full-blown psychopathologic condition. With this respect, we will specifically focus on adolescence as a key time frame for disease onset as well as for early therapeutic intervention. We believe that incorporating clinical and preclinical research data in the context of early life adversities can be instrumental to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to the risk for psychopathology or that may promote resilience. This will ultimately allow the identification of 'at risk' individuals who may benefit from specific forms of interventions that, by interfering with disease trajectories, could result in more benign clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Cattaneo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Veronica Begni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zonca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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Martz J, Shelton MA, Geist L, Seney ML, Kentner AC. Sex differences in offspring risk and resilience following 11β-hydroxylase antagonism in a rodent model of maternal immune activation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1078-1090. [PMID: 38007547 PMCID: PMC11109257 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) puts offspring at greater risk for neurodevelopmental disorders associated with impaired social behavior. While it is known that immune signaling through maternal, placental, and fetal compartments contributes to these phenotypical changes, it is unknown to what extent the stress response to illness is involved and how it can be harnessed for potential interventions. To this end, on gestational day 15, pregnant rat dams were administered the bacterial mimetic lipopolysaccharide (LPS; to induce MIA) alongside metyrapone, a clinically available 11β-hydroxylase (11βHSD) inhibitor used to treat hypercortisolism in pregnant, lactating, and neonatal populations. Maternal, placental, and fetal brain levels of corticosterone and placental 11βHSD enzymes type 1 and 2 were measured 3-hrs post treatment. Offspring social behaviors were evaluated across critical phases of development. MIA was associated with increased maternal, placental, and fetal brain corticosterone concentrations that were diminished with metyrapone exposure. Metyrapone protected against reductions in placental 11βHSD2 in males only, suggesting that less corticosterone was inactivated in female placentas. Behaviorally, metyrapone-exposure attenuated MIA-induced social disruptions in juvenile, adolescent, and adult males, while females were unaffected or performed worse. Metyrapone-exposure reversed MIA-induced transcriptional changes in monoamine-, glutamate-, and GABA-related genes in adult male ventral hippocampus, but not in females. Taken together, these findings illustrate that MIA-induced HPA responses act alongside the immune system to produce behavioral deficits. As a clinically available drug, the sex-specific benefits and constraints of metyrapone should be investigated further as a potential means of reducing neurodevelopmental risks due to gestational MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martz
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Micah A Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Laurel Geist
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marianne L Seney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Amanda C Kentner
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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3
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Baudat M, Simons SHP, Joosten EAJ. Repetitive neonatal procedural pain affects stress-induced plasma corticosterone increase in young adult females but not in male rats. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22478. [PMID: 38433425 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to repetitive painful procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit results in long-lasting effects, especially visible after a "second hit" in adulthood. As the nociceptive system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis interact and are vulnerable in early life, repetitive painful procedures in neonates may affect later-life HPA axis reactivity. The first aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of repetitive neonatal procedural pain on plasma corticosterone levels after mild acute stress (MAS) in young adult rats. Second, the study examined if MAS acts as a "second hit" and affects mechanical sensitivity. Fifty-two rats were either needle pricked four times a day, disturbed, or left undisturbed during the first neonatal week. At 8 weeks, the animals were subjected to MAS, and plasma was collected before (t0), after MAS (t20), and at recovery (t60). Corticosterone levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mechanical sensitivity was assessed with von Frey filaments. Results demonstrate that repetitive neonatal procedural pain reduces stress-induced plasma corticosterone increase after MAS only in young adult females and not in males. Furthermore, MAS does not affect mechanical sensitivity in young adult rats. Altogether, the results suggest an age- and sex-dependent effect of repetitive neonatal procedural pain on HPA axis reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Baudat
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sinno H P Simons
- Deptartment of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elbert A J Joosten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Dunn JT, Guidotti A, Grayson DR. Behavioral and Molecular Characterization of Prenatal Stress Effects on the C57BL/6J Genetic Background for the Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0186-23.2024. [PMID: 38262736 PMCID: PMC10897530 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0186-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress-inducing events during pregnancy are associated with aberrant neurodevelopment resulting in adverse psychiatric outcomes, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While numerous preclinical models for the study of ASD are frequently generated using C57BL/6J mice, few studies have investigated the effects of prenatal stress on this genetic background. In the current manuscript, we stressed C57BL/6 dams during gestation and examined numerous behavioral and molecular endophenotypes in the adult male and female offspring to characterize the resultant phenotype as compared with offspring born from nonstressed (NS) dams. Adult mice born from prenatal restraint stressed (PRS) dams demonstrated reduced sociability and reciprocal social interaction along with increased marble burying behaviors relative to mice born from nonstressed control dams. Differential expression of genes related to excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission was evaluated in the medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and caudate putamen via qRT-PCR. The male PRS mouse behavioral phenotype coincided with aberrant expression of glutamate and GABA marker genes (e.g., Grin1, Grin2b, Gls, Gat1, Reln) in neural substrates of social behavior. Rescue of the male PRS sociability deficit by a known antipsychotic with epigenetic properties (i.e., clozapine (5 mg/kg) + 18 hr washout) indicated possible epigenetic regulation of genes that govern sociability. Clozapine treatment increased the expression levels of genes involved in DNA methylation, histone methylation, and histone acetylation in the nucleus accumbens. Identification of etiology-specific mechanisms underlying clinically relevant behavioral phenotypes may ultimately provide novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of psychiatric disorders including ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Alessandro Guidotti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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Chen HJ, Galley JD, Verosky BG, Yang FT, Rajasekera TA, Bailey MT, Gur TL. Fetal CCL2 signaling mediates offspring social behavior and recapitulates effects of prenatal stress. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:308-318. [PMID: 37914098 PMCID: PMC10872760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress during pregnancy is prevalent and associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Maternal and offspring immune dysfunction has been implicated as a potential mechanism by which prenatal stress shapes offspring neurodevelopment; however, the impact of prenatal stress on the developing immune system has yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, there is evidence that the chemokine C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) plays a key role in mediating the behavioral sequelae of prenatal stress. Here, we use an established model of prenatal restraint stress in mice to investigate alterations in the fetal immune system, with a focus on CCL2. In the placenta, stress led to a reduction in CCL2 and Ccr2 expression with a concomitant decrease in leukocyte number. However, the fetal liver exhibited an inflammatory phenotype, with upregulation of Ccl2, Il6, and Lbp expression, along with an increase in pro-inflammatory Ly6CHi monocytes. Prenatal stress also disrupted chemokine signaling and increased the number of monocytes and microglia in the fetal brain. Furthermore, stress increased Il1b expression by fetal brain CD11b+ microglia and monocytes. Finally, intra-amniotic injections of recombinant mouse CCL2 partially recapitulated the social behavioral deficits in the adult offspring previously observed in the prenatal restraint stress model. Altogether, these data suggest that prenatal stress led to fetal inflammation, and that fetal CCL2 plays a role in shaping offspring social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Chen
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Galley
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Branden G Verosky
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Felix T Yang
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Therese A Rajasekera
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tamar L Gur
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus OH, United States.
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Bear T, Roy N, Dalziel J, Butts C, Coad J, Young W, Parkar SG, Hedderley D, Dinnan H, Martell S, Middlemiss-Kraak S, Gopal P. Anxiety-like Behavior in Female Sprague Dawley Rats Associated with Cecal Clostridiales. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1773. [PMID: 37512945 PMCID: PMC10386170 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the microbiota profile and exposure to stress is not well understood. Therefore, we used a rat model of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to investigate this relationship. Depressive-like behaviors were measured in Female Sprague Dawley rats using the sucrose preference test and the Porsolt swim test. Anxiety-like behaviors were measured with the light-dark box test. Fecal corticosterone, cecal microbiota (composition and organic acids), plasma gut permeability (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, LBP) and plasma inflammation (12 cytokines) markers were measured. Atypical behaviors were observed in female rats following UCMS, but no depressive-like behaviors were observed. Circulating concentrations of cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 were higher in UCMS-exposed female rats; plasma LBP and cecal organic acid levels remained unchanged. Our results reflect a resilient and adaptive phenotype for female SD rats. The relative abundance of taxa from the Clostridiales order and Desulfovibrionaceae family did, however, correlate both positively and negatively with anxiety-like behaviors and plasma cytokine concentrations, regardless of UCMS exposure, supporting the brain-to-gut influence of mild anxiety with a microbiota profile that may involve inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Bear
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, Otago University, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1145, New Zealand
| | - Julie Dalziel
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Chrissie Butts
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shanthi G Parkar
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Duncan Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Hannah Dinnan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Sheridan Martell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Susanne Middlemiss-Kraak
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Pramod Gopal
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Zamri NA, Ghani N, Ismail CAN, Zakaria R, Shafin N. Honey on brain health: A promising brain booster. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1092596. [PMID: 36733498 PMCID: PMC9887050 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1092596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, honey has been employed in many aspects of everyday life, the most popular of which is as a natural sweetener. Honey is used not only as a nutritional product but also in health as a supplement and in various applications, especially related to brain booster health. Brain health is the capacity to carry out all mental functions necessary for cognition, such as learning and judging, utilizing language, and recalling. This review presents the current trend of research on honey, particularly the interest in underlying mechanisms related to brain booster health. A total of 34 original articles addressing brain health from the consumption of honey were analyzed. We identified four main brain health benefits, which are memory booster, neuroprotective effect, anti-stress, and anti-nociceptive potentials with the proposed underlying mechanism. A lot of attention has been paid to the role that honey plays in brain health research, with the goal of examining the link between honey and brain health as well as the mechanism underlying it, the findings from this review may be potentially beneficial to develop new therapeutic roles for honey to help determine the best and most promising to benefit and boost overall brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ashykin Zamri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurhafizah Ghani
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nazlahshaniza Shafin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Nazlahshaniza Shafin,
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Lu WT, Zhao XC, Wang R, Li N, Song M, Wang L, Yu LL, Gao YY, Wang YM, An CX, Wang XY. Long-term effects of early stress due to earthquake exposure on depression symptoms in adulthood: a cross-sectional study. Injury 2023; 54:207-213. [PMID: 35989117 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of early stress by Tangshan earthquake on symptoms of depression in adulthood. METHOD A total of 1534 volunteers born and raised in Tangshan were investigated; finally, 1328 subjects were enrolled in the study. They were divided into three groups according to their birth dates: infant exposure, prenatal exposure, and non-exposure. The questionnaires and psychological evaluation of all subjects were completed using a one-on-one psychological test. RESULTS The rate of depressive symptoms in the prenatal exposure group was the highest, and the lowest in the non-exposure group, with statistical differences among the three groups (P = 0.002). Moreover, the incidences of depressed mood, suicide ideation and work and loss of interest in the prenatal exposure group were significantly higher than those in the infant exposure group and the non-exposure group (P = 0.008, P = 0.001, P = 0.038, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that male could be a protective factor for symptoms of depression in adulthood, and earthquake exposure was an important predictor of the incidence of depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Fetal or infancy exposure to earthquake might correlate to depression symptoms in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Zhao
- Institute of Mental Health, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Mental Health, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mei Song
- Institute of Mental Health, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lu-Lu Yu
- Institute of Mental Health, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gao
- Institute of Mental Health, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cui-Xia An
- Institute of Mental Health, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Xue-Yi Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Bucknor MC, Gururajan A, Dale RC, Hofer MJ. A comprehensive approach to modeling maternal immune activation in rodents. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1071976. [PMID: 36590294 PMCID: PMC9800799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1071976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal brain development is a highly orchestrated process, making it a very vulnerable window to perturbations. Maternal stress and subsequent inflammation during pregnancy leads to a state referred to as, maternal immune activation (MIA). If persistent, MIA can pose as a significant risk factor for the manifestation of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. To further elucidate this association between MIA and NDD risk, rodent models have been used extensively across laboratories for many years. However, there are few uniform approaches for rodent MIA models which make not only comparisons between studies difficult, but some established approaches come with limitations that can affect experimental outcomes. Here, we provide researchers with a comprehensive review of common experimental variables and potential limitations that should be considered when designing an MIA study based in a rodent model. Experimental variables discussed include: innate immune stimulation using poly I:C and LPS, environmental gestational stress paradigms, rodent diet composition and sterilization, rodent strain, neonatal handling, and the inclusion of sex-specific MIA offspring analyses. We discuss how some aspects of these variables have potential to make a profound impact on MIA data interpretation and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan C. Bucknor
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anand Gururajan
- The Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell C. Dale
- The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus J. Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Markus J. Hofer,
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Urbanska N, Simko P, Leskanicova A, Karasova M, Jendzelovska Z, Jendzelovsky R, Rucova D, Kolesarova M, Goga M, Backor M, Kiskova T. Atranorin, a Secondary Metabolite of Lichens, Exhibited Anxiolytic/Antidepressant Activity in Wistar Rats. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111850. [PMID: 36430984 PMCID: PMC9697363 DOI: 10.3390/life12111850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atranorin (ATR) is one of lichens' many known secondary metabolites. Most current studies have investigated the various effects of ATR in vitro and only sporadically in vivo. The latest data indicate that ATR may have anxiolytic/antidepressive effects. This study aimed to analyze the potential of ATR in a depression-like state in male Wistar rats. Pregnant females were stressed by restricting their mobility in the final week of pregnancy three times a day for 45 min each, for three following days. After birth, progeny aged 60 days was stressed repeatedly. The male progeny was divided into three groups as follows: CTR group as a healthy control (n = 10), DEP group as a progeny of restricted mothers (n = 10), and ATR group as a progeny of restricted mothers, treated daily for one month with ATR (n = 10; 10 mg/kg of body weight, p.o.). Our results show that ATR acts as an antioxidant and markedly changes animal behavior. Concomitantly, hippocampal neurogenesis increases in the hilus and subgranular zone, together with the number of NeuN mature neurons in the hilus and CA1 regions. Our results indicate a potential antidepressant/anxiolytic effect of ATR. However, further studies in this area are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Urbanska
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Simko
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Leskanicova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Karasova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 04180 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Jendzelovska
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Jendzelovsky
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dajana Rucova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mariana Kolesarova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Michal Goga
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Backor
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Terezia Kiskova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Vázquez-León P, Miranda-Páez A, Valencia-Flores K, Sánchez-Castillo H. Defensive and Emotional Behavior Modulation by Serotonin in the Periaqueductal Gray. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1453-1468. [PMID: 35902460 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a key neurotransmitter for the modulation and/or regulation of numerous physiological processes and psychiatric disorders (e.g., behaviors related to anxiety, pain, aggressiveness, etc.). The periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) is considered an integrating center for active and passive defensive behaviors, and electrical stimulation of this area has been shown to evoke behavioral responses of panic, fight-flight, freezing, among others. The serotonergic activity in PAG is influenced by the activation of other brain areas such as the medial hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, amygdala, dorsal raphe nucleus, and ventrolateral orbital cortex. In addition, activation of other receptors within PAG (i.e., CB1, Oxytocin, µ-opioid receptor (MOR), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA)) promotes serotonin release. Therefore, this review aims to document evidence suggesting that the PAG-evoked behavioral responses of anxiety, panic, fear, analgesia, and aggression are influenced by the activation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/C receptors and their participation in the treatment of various mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Vázquez-León
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Psychology School. 1er Piso Edif. B. Cub B001, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad 3000, Colonia Copilco Universidad. Alcaldía de Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abraham Miranda-Páez
- Department of Physiology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa S/N Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City, CP:07738, Mexico
| | - Kenji Valencia-Flores
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Psychology School. 1er Piso Edif. B. Cub B001, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad 3000, Colonia Copilco Universidad. Alcaldía de Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Sánchez-Castillo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Psychology School. 1er Piso Edif. B. Cub B001, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad 3000, Colonia Copilco Universidad. Alcaldía de Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Research Unit of Psychobiology and Neurosciences (UIPyN), Psychology School, UNAM, CDMX Mexico, CP 04510, Mexico.
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12
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Reemst K, Ruigrok SR, Bleker L, Naninck EFG, Ernst T, Kotah JM, Lucassen PJ, Roseboom TJ, Pollux BJA, de Rooij SR, Korosi A. Sex-dependence and comorbidities of the early-life adversity induced mental and metabolic disease risks: Where are we at? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104627. [PMID: 35339483 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Early-life adversity (ELA) is a major risk factor for developing later-life mental and metabolic disorders. However, if and to what extent ELA contributes to the comorbidity and sex-dependent prevalence/presentation of these disorders remains unclear. We here comprehensively review and integrate human and rodent ELA (pre- and postnatal) studies examining mental or metabolic health in both sexes and discuss the role of the placenta and maternal milk, key in transferring maternal effects to the offspring. We conclude that ELA impacts mental and metabolic health with sex-specific presentations that depend on timing of exposure, and that human and rodent studies largely converge in their findings. ELA is more often reported to impact cognitive and externalizing domains in males, internalizing behaviors in both sexes and concerning the metabolic dimension, adiposity in females and insulin sensitivity in males. Thus, ELA seems to be involved in the origin of the comorbidity and sex-specific prevalence/presentation of some of the most common disorders in our society. Therefore, ELA-induced disease states deserve specific preventive and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Reemst
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvie R Ruigrok
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Bleker
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva F G Naninck
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tiffany Ernst
- Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Experimental Zoology &Evolutionary Biology Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janssen M Kotah
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J A Pollux
- Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Experimental Zoology &Evolutionary Biology Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne R de Rooij
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aniko Korosi
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Social Isolation Stress Modulates Pregnancy Outcomes and the Inflammatory Profile of Rat Uterus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116169. [PMID: 35682846 PMCID: PMC9181517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stressors have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes; including preterm birth (PTB). Recent work demonstrates that social isolation in mothers represents a silent stressor contributing to PTB risk. Here; we investigate the association of inflammatory and stress markers with PTB risk in Long–Evans rats exposed to social isolation stress (SIS) during preconception and pregnancy across four generations (F0-F3). Gestational length; blood glucose; corticosterone levels; and maternal and offspring weights were assessed in two SIS paradigms: transgenerational (TG) and multigenerational (MG) exposure. Maternal uterine tissues were collected 21 days after the dams gave birth. Exposure to SIS reduced pregnancy lengths in the parental generation and neonatal birth weights in the F1 and F2 generations. Interleukin (IL)-1β (Il1b) mRNA levels increased in F0 animals but decreased in the offspring of both stress lineages. Protein levels of IL-1β decreased in the TG lineage. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1) expression decreased in SIS-exposed F0 animals and increased in the TG-F2 and MG-F1 offspring. Expression of enzyme 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11bHSD2) was enhanced in F1 animals. These findings suggest SIS has adverse consequences on the F0 mothers; but their F1–F3 progeny may adapt to this chronic stress; thus supporting the fetal programming hypothesis.
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14
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Ünal GÖ, Öztürk KH, Erkılınç G, Dönmez F, Doğuç DK, Özmen Ö, Sezik M. Maternal prenatal stress and depression-like behavior associated with hippocampal and cortical neuroinflammation in the offspring: An experimental study. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:231-242. [PMID: 35261075 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress can negatively impact neonatal health, growth, and bonding with the mother. However, molecular basis of these modifications is not completely understood. The aim of this experimental study was to test the hypothesis that intrauterine stress exposure may contribute to subsequent depression-like comorbidities associated with neuroinflammation. Wistar Albino nulliparous female rats were divided into two groups (each, n=6): controls and pregnancy stress (days one through 21). Two live rat pups (one female and one male) from each term delivery were randomly selected, and depression-like behavior tests were performed on postpartum days 30-34, followed by euthanasia on day 35. NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) pathway gene expressions in the hippocampus and immunohistochemical caspase 3 (cas-3), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) staining in the temporal and prefrontal cortices were evaluated. Compared to controls, exposure to prenatal stress was associated with increased depression and anxiety-like behavior, hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome activation (p=0.022 and p=0.035 for female and male pups, respectively), neuronal degeneration and increased cas-3, mTOR, and TRPM immunostaining in the prefrontal and temporal cortices of both female and male offspring (p<0.05 for all comparisons except p<0.01 for cas-3 in the male cortex and female temporal cortex). Exposure to antenatal stress can lead to depression-like behavior in the infant, mainly driven by hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cortical neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Future perspectives include NLRP3-targeted therapies with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects against adverse prenatal effects of maternal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Özdamar Ünal
- Department of Psychiatry, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kuyaş Hekimler Öztürk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Gamze Erkılınç
- Urla State Hospital, Department of Pathology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Feyza Dönmez
- Atakoy Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kumbul Doğuç
- Department of Biochemistry, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Mekin Sezik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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15
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Sex Differences in Anxiety and Depression: What Can (and Cannot) Preclinical Studies Tell Us? SEXES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes3010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the gender perspective in scientific research and sex differences in biological studies on emotional disorders have become increasingly important. However, sex bias in basic research on anxiety and depression is still far from being covered. This review addresses the study of sex differences in the field of anxiety and depression using animal models that consider this issue so far. What can preclinical studies tell us and what are their main limitations? First, we describe the behavioral tests most frequently used in preclinical research to assess depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. Then, we analyze the main findings, strengths, and weaknesses of rodent models of anxiety and depression, dividing them into three main categories: sex chromosome complement-biased sex differences; gonadal hormone-biased sex differences; environmental-biased sex differences. Regardless of the animal model used, none can reproduce all the characteristics of such complex and multifactorial pathologies as anxiety and depressive disorders; however, each animal model contributes to elucidating the bases that underlie these disorders. The importance is highlighted of considering sex differences in the responses that emerge from each model.
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16
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Zhong Z, Yao Z, Cai X, Lao L, Huang Y, Qu S. Dopaminergic signaling in prefrontal cortex contributes to the antidepressant effect of electroacupuncture: An iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis in a rat model of CUMS. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:2454-2469. [PMID: 34523244 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is used as an adjunctive treatment for depression. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of EA in the depressive rat model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in male adult Wistar rats. The underlying mechanisms were explored by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis of the proteins in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and observing the number of the PFC neurons stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and synaptic morphological changes under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that EA plus paroxetine (EA + Par) for 1 week significantly relieved depression-like anhedonia symptoms and improved anxiety-like behavior, accompanied by the improvements in synaptic morphology and a significant increase of PFC neurons. Moreover, EA or paroxetine alone significantly alleviated anhedonia symptoms after 2 weeks of intervention. Additionally, iTRAQ analysis showed that dopaminergic signaling was significantly altered in CUMS rats after 1 week of EA treatment. As the critical enzyme of this pathway, aromatic-l-amino-acid decarboxylase (DDC) was significantly upregulated after the treatment with EA + Par for 1 week. These findings suggested that the dopaminergic signaling pathway in PFC may be involved in the antidepressant mechanisms of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jiping Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhinan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zengyu Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaowen Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shanshan Qu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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17
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Ivanova N, Nenchovska Z, Atanasova M, Laudon M, Mitreva R, Tchekalarova J. Chronic Piromelatine Treatment Alleviates Anxiety, Depressive Responses and Abnormal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity in Prenatally Stressed Male and Female Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2257-2272. [PMID: 34003403 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prenatal stress (PNS) model in rodents can induce different abnormal responses that replicate the pathophysiology of depression. We applied this model to evaluate the efficacy of piromelatine (Pir), a novel melatonin analog developed for the treatment of insomnia, in male and female offspring. Adult PNS rats from both sexes showed comparable disturbance associated with high levels of anxiety and depressive responses. Both males and females with PNS demonstrated impaired feedback inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis compared to the intact offspring and increased glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. However, opposite to female offspring, the male PNS rats showed an increased expression of mineralocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. Piromelatine (20 mg/kg, i.p., for 21 days injected from postnatal day 60) attenuated the high anxiety level tested in the open field, elevated plus-maze and light-dark test, and depressive-like behavior in the sucrose preference and the forced swimming tests in a sex-specific manner. The drug reversed to control level stress-induced increase of plasma corticosterone 120 min later in both sexes. Piromelatine also corrected to control level the PNS-induced alterations of corticosteroid receptors only in male offspring. Our findings suggest that the piromelatine treatment exerts beneficial effects on impaired behavioral responses and dysregulated HPA axis in both sexes, while it corrects the PNS-induced changes in the hippocampal corticosteroid receptors only in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Ivanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Zlatina Nenchovska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Atanasova
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Pleven, 5800, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Moshe Laudon
- Drug Discovery, Neurim Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rumyana Mitreva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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18
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Adjimann TS, Argañaraz CV, Soiza-Reilly M. Serotonin-related rodent models of early-life exposure relevant for neurodevelopmental vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:280. [PMID: 33976122 PMCID: PMC8113523 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders including depression and anxiety are continuously rising their prevalence across the globe. Early-life experience of individuals emerges as a main risk factor contributing to the developmental vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. That is, perturbing environmental conditions during neurodevelopmental stages can have detrimental effects on adult mood and emotional responses. However, the possible maladaptive neural mechanisms contributing to such psychopathological phenomenon still remain poorly understood. In this review, we explore preclinical rodent models of developmental vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, focusing on the impact of early-life environmental perturbations on behavioral aspects relevant to stress-related and psychiatric disorders. We limit our analysis to well-established models in which alterations in the serotonin (5-HT) system appear to have a crucial role in the pathophysiological mechanisms. We analyze long-term behavioral outcomes produced by early-life exposures to stress and psychotropic drugs such as the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants or the anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA). We perform a comparative analysis, identifying differences and commonalities in the behavioral effects produced in these models. Furthermore, this review discusses recent advances on neurodevelopmental substrates engaged in these behavioral effects, emphasizing the possible existence of maladaptive mechanisms that could be shared by the different models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara S. Adjimann
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla V. Argañaraz
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Soiza-Reilly
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Lv Y, Chen P, Kuang L, Han Z, Solanki B, Zhou W, Tao F, Chen R, Yao Y. Role of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the impact of chronic stress during pregnancy on inducing depression in male offspring mice. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147029. [PMID: 32717275 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yili Lv
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Liang Kuang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zhenmin Han
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bhawna Solanki
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Weiju Zhou
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Ruoling Chen
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Yuyou Yao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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20
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Belliveau S, Kang W, Bovaird S, Hamadjida A, Bédard D, Dancause N, Stroh T, Huot P. Stereological investigation of 5-HT 3 receptors in the substantia nigra and dorsal raphe nucleus in the rat. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 111:101881. [PMID: 33160048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a common neurotransmitter in mammals, playing a central role in the regulation of various processes such as sleep, perception, cognitive and autonomic functions in the nervous system. Previous studies have demonstrated that 5-HT type 3 (5-HT3) receptors are expressed in either or both the substantia nigra (SN) and the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in humans, marmosets, rats and Syrian hamsters. Here, we quantify the distribution of 5-HT3 receptors across these regions in the adult rat. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed on sections of rat brain covering the entire rostro-caudal extent of the SN and DRN with antibodies specific to the 5-HT3A receptor subunit, as well as others targeting the monoaminergic markers tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the 5-HT transporter (SERT). The number of 5-HT3A receptor-positive, TH-positive (n = 28,428 ± 888, Gundersen's m = 1 coefficient of error [CE] = 0.05) and SERT-positive (n = 12,852 ± 462, CE = 0.06) cells were estimated in both the SN and the DRN using stereology. We found that 5-HT3A receptor-positive cells are present in the SNr (n = 1250 ± 64, CE = 0.24), but they did not co-localise with TH-positive cells, nor were they present in the SNc. In contrast, no 5-HT3A receptor-positive cells were found in the DRN. These results support the presence of 5-HT3 receptors in the SN, but not in the DRN, and do not support their expression on monoaminergic cells within these two brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woojin Kang
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samantha Bovaird
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adjia Hamadjida
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Bédard
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Numa Dancause
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Stroh
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Huot
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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21
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Perry CJ, Campbell EJ, Drummond KD, Lum JS, Kim JH. Sex differences in the neurochemistry of frontal cortex: Impact of early life stress. J Neurochem 2020; 157:963-981. [PMID: 33025572 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic events during early life have been linked with later life psychopathology. To understand this risk factor, researchers have studied the effects of prenatal and postnatal early life stress on neurochemical changes. Here we review the rodent literature on sex differences and sex-specific impact of early life stress on frontal cortex neurochemistry. This region is implicated in regulating motivation and emotion, which are often disrupted in psychological disorders. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) in particular is one of the last brain regions to develop, and there are sex differences in the rate of this development. To draw direct comparisons between sexes, our review of the literature was restricted to studies where the effects of prenatal or postnatal stress had been described in male and female littermates. This literature included research describing glutamate, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), corticosteroids, monoamines, and cannabinoids. We found that sex-dependent effects of stress are mediated by the age at which stress is experienced, age at test, and type of stress endured. More research is required, particularly into the effects of adolescent stress on male and female littermates. We hope that a greater understanding of sex-specific susceptibilities in response to stress across development will help to uncover risk factors for psychological disorders in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Perry
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Erin J Campbell
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Katherine D Drummond
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Lum
- Neuropharmacology and Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Hanswijk SI, Spoelder M, Shan L, Verheij MMM, Muilwijk OG, Li W, Liu C, Kolk SM, Homberg JR. Gestational Factors throughout Fetal Neurodevelopment: The Serotonin Link. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5850. [PMID: 32824000 PMCID: PMC7461571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a critical player in brain development and neuropsychiatric disorders. Fetal 5-HT levels can be influenced by several gestational factors, such as maternal genotype, diet, stress, medication, and immune activation. In this review, addressing both human and animal studies, we discuss how these gestational factors affect placental and fetal brain 5-HT levels, leading to changes in brain structure and function and behavior. We conclude that gestational factors are able to interact and thereby amplify or counteract each other's impact on the fetal 5-HT-ergic system. We, therefore, argue that beyond the understanding of how single gestational factors affect 5-HT-ergic brain development and behavior in offspring, it is critical to elucidate the consequences of interacting factors. Moreover, we describe how each gestational factor is able to alter the 5-HT-ergic influence on the thalamocortical- and prefrontal-limbic circuitry and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical-axis. These alterations have been associated with risks to develop attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, depression, and/or anxiety. Consequently, the manipulation of gestational factors may be used to combat pregnancy-related risks for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina I. Hanswijk
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.I.H.); (M.S.); (M.M.M.V.); (O.G.M.)
| | - Marcia Spoelder
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.I.H.); (M.S.); (M.M.M.V.); (O.G.M.)
| | - Ling Shan
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Michel M. M. Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.I.H.); (M.S.); (M.M.M.V.); (O.G.M.)
| | - Otto G. Muilwijk
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.I.H.); (M.S.); (M.M.M.V.); (O.G.M.)
| | - Weizhuo Li
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (W.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Chunqing Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (W.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Sharon M. Kolk
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.I.H.); (M.S.); (M.M.M.V.); (O.G.M.)
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Sowa J, Hess G. Prenatal stress-related alterations in synaptic transmission and 5-HT 7 receptor-mediated effects in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus are ameliorated by the 5-HT 7 receptor antagonist SB 269970. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3295-3305. [PMID: 32402149 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Early life adversity exerts a detrimental influence on developing brain neuronal networks and its consequences may include mental health disorders. In rats, prenatal stress may lead to anxiety and depressive-like behavior in the offspring. Several lines of evidence implicated an involvement of prenatal stress in alterations of the brain serotonergic system functions, but the effects of prenatal stress on its core, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), still remain incompletely understood. The present study was aimed at finding whether prenatal stress induces modifications in the glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to DRN projection cells and whether it affects DRN 5-HT7 receptors, which modulate activity of these synapses. Prenatal stress resulted in an increase in basal frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and in a decrease in basal frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) recorded from putative projection neurons in DRN slices ex vivo. While there were no changes in the excitability of DRN projection neurons, the 5-HT7 receptor-mediated reduction in the sEPSC frequency and rise in the sIPSC frequency, seen in control rats, were largely absent in slices obtained from prenatally stressed rats. Repeated administration of SB 269970, a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, resulted in a reversal of prenatal stress-induced alterations in 5-HT7 receptor-mediated effects on the sEPSC/sIPSC frequency. Moreover, the treatment reversed prenatal stress-induced alterations in basal excitatory transmission and partially reversed the effect of stress on basal inhibitory transmission in the DRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sowa
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hess
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Coloma-García W, Mehaba N, Llonch P, Caja G, Such X, Salama AAK. Prenatal heat stress effects on gestation and postnatal behavior in kid goats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0220221. [PMID: 32040479 PMCID: PMC7010273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Consequences of heat stress during pregnancy can affect the normal development of the offspring. In the present experiment, 30 Murciano-Granadina dairy goats (41.8 ± 5.7 kg) were exposed to 2 thermal environments varying in temperature-humidity index (THI) from 12 days before mating to 45 days of gestation. The environmental conditions were: gestation under thermal-neutral (TN; THI = 71 ± 3); and gestation under heat stress (HS; THI = 85 ± 3) conditions. At 27 ± 4 days old, female kids exposed to in utero TN (IUTN; n = 16) or in utero HS (IUHS; n = 10) were subjected to 2 tests: arena test (AT) and novel object test (NOT), the latter was repeated at 3 months of age. Additionally, 8 months after birth, a subset of IUTH and IUHS growing goats (n = 8 each; 16.8 ± 3.4 kg BW) were exposed to 2 environmental conditions in 2 consecutive periods: a basal thermal-neutral period (THI = 72 ± 3) for 7 days, and a heat-stress period (THI = 87 ± 2) for 21 days. In both periods, feeding, resting, posture, and thermally-associated behaviors were recorded. The gestation length was shortened by 3 days in GHS goats. In the AT, IUHS kids showed a lower number of sniffs (P < 0.01) compared to IUTN. In the NOT, IUHS kids also tended to show a lower number of sniffs (P = 0.09). During heat exposure, IUTN and IUHS growing goats spent more time resting and exhibited more heat-stress related behaviors such as panting and drinking (P < 0.001); however, no differences were observed between both groups. In conclusion, heat stress during the first third of pregnancy shortened gestation length and influenced the exploratory behavior of the kids in the early life. However, behavior responses to heat stress during the adulthood were not affected by the in utero thermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Coloma-García
- Group of Research in Ruminants (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador (UAE), Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Nabil Mehaba
- Group of Research in Ruminants (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Llonch
- Service of Nutrition and Animal Welfare (SNiBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerardo Caja
- Group of Research in Ruminants (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Such
- Group of Research in Ruminants (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ahmed A. K. Salama
- Group of Research in Ruminants (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Guerrero DM, Jiménez Vásquez FDJ, Osornio MR, Rubio Osornio MDC, Suárez SO, Retana-Márquez S. Serotonin and noradrenaline content and release in the dorsal hippocampus during learning and spatial memory in prenatally stressed rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Jiménez Vásquez FDJ, Guerrero DM, Osornio MR, Rubio Osornio MDC, Suárez SO, Retana-Márquez S. Decreased serotonin content and release in the ventral hippocampus of prenatally stressed male rats in response to forced swim test. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Verstraeten BSE, McCreary JK, Falkenberg EA, Fang X, Weyers S, Metz GAS, Olson DM. Multiple prenatal stresses increase sexual dimorphism in adult offspring behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:251-260. [PMID: 31174163 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal gestational stress and immune activation have independently been associated with affective and neurodevelopmental disorders across the lifespan. We investigated whether rats exposed to prenatal maternal stressors (PNMS) consisting of psychological stress, interleukin (IL)-1β or both (two-hit stress) during critical developmental windows displayed a behavioral phenotype representative of these conditions. METHODS Long-Evans dams were exposed to psychological stressors consisting of restraint stress and forced swimming from gestational day (GD)12 to 18 or to no stress (controls). From GD17 until day of delivery, these same animals were injected with saline or IL-1β as a second hit and immune stressor (5 μg/day, intraperitoneally). The behavior of F1 offspring adults was tested on the open field test, elevated plus maze and affective exploration task on postnatal days (P)90, 100 and 110 respectively. RESULTS The effects of PNMS differed depending on the specific testing environment and potentially the age at assessment, especially in female offspring. Both locomotion and anxiety-like behavioral measures were susceptible to PNMS effects. In females, psychological stress increased anxiety-like behavior, whereas IL-1β had an opposite effect, inducing exploration and risk-taking behavior on the open field test and the elevated plus maze. When present, interactions between both stressors limited the anxiogenic effect of psychological stress on its own. In contrast, prenatal psychological stress increased anxiety-like behavior in adult males overall. A similar anxiogenic effect of IL-1β was only found on the open field test while the Stress*IL-1β interaction appeared to limit the effect of either alone. Contrarily, the PNMS effects on anxiety-like behavior on the affective exploration task were highly similar between both sexes. Analysis of males and females together revealed an additive effect of Stress and IL-1β on the number of exits from the refuge, a measure of risk assessment and thus correlated with anxiety. CONCLUSION PNMS affected offspring adult behavior in a sex-dependent manner. Effects on females were more variable, whereas psychological stress mostly induced anxiety-like behavior in males. These data highlight the sexual dimorphism in vulnerability to prenatal stressors. Maternal or stress-induced programming of the stress response and neuroinflammation may play an important role in mediating stress effects on offspring adult behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S E Verstraeten
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, 227 HMRC, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - J Keiko McCreary
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Erin A Falkenberg
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Xin Fang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, 227 HMRC, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Steven Weyers
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - David M Olson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, 227 HMRC, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada.
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28
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Velasquez JC, Zhao Q, Chan Y, Galindo LC, Simasotchi C, Wu D, Hou Z, Herod SM, Oberlander TF, Gil S, Fournier T, Burd I, Andrews AM, Bonnin A. In Utero Exposure to Citalopram Mitigates Maternal Stress Effects on Fetal Brain Development. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3307-3317. [PMID: 31184110 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidemiological and animal-model studies suggest that separate exposure to stress or serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants during pregnancy increases risks for neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Yet, little is known about the combined effects of maternal stress and SSRIs with regard to brain development in utero. We found that the placenta is highly permeable to the commonly prescribed SSRI (±)-citalopram (CIT) in humans and mice, allowing rapid exposure of the fetal brain to this drug. We investigated the effects of maternal chronic unpredictable stress in mice with or without maternal oral administration of CIT from embryonic day (E)8 to E17. We assessed fetal brain development using magnetic resonance imaging and quantified changes in serotonergic, thalamocortical, and cortical development. In utero exposure to maternal stress did not affect overall fetal brain growth. However, serotonin tissue content in the fetal forebrain was increased in association with maternal stress; this increase was reversed by maternal CIT. In utero exposure to stress increased the numbers of deep-layer neurons in specific cortical regions, whereas CIT increased overall cell numbers without changing the proportions of layer-specific neurons to offset the effects of stress on deep-layer cortical development. These findings suggest that stress and SSRI exposure in utero differentially impact serotonin-dependent fetal neurodevelopment such that CIT reverses key effects of maternal gestational stress on offspring brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Velasquez
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Qiuying Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yen Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ligia C.M. Galindo
- Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670, Brazil
| | | | - Dan Wu
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Skyla M. Herod
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, California 91702, United States
| | - Tim F. Oberlander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3 V4, Canada
| | - Sophie Gil
- UMR-S 1139 INSERM/University of Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- PremUp Foundation, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- UMR-S 1139 INSERM/University of Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- PremUp Foundation, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- Terry and Jane Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, and Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexandre Bonnin
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Buthmann J, Finik J, Ventura G, Zhang W, Shereen AD, Nomura Y. The children of Superstorm Sandy: Maternal prenatal depression blunts offspring electrodermal activity. Biol Psychol 2019; 146:107716. [PMID: 31176750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We set out to examine the relations between prenatal exposure to the natural disaster Superstorm Sandy, maternal depression, and offspring electrodermal activity (EDA). EDA was measured via skin conductance response (SCR) magnitude in 198 children (M = 42.54 months, SD = 12.76) during a startle paradigm. In keeping with prior research, we expected prenatal depression to be associated with hyporeactive EDA and prenatal stress to be associated with hyperreactive EDA. SCR magnitude was lower in children prenatally exposed to depression alone, when compared to Superstorm Sandy, and controls. SCR magnitude of children prenatally exposed to both maternal depression and the storm was lower than that of all other groups. Our results emphasize the influence of maternal prenatal mental health, support targeted risk assessment for children who experienced an adverse prenatal environment, and highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the interactions between maternal mood and stress on the developing child.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buthmann
- CUNY Graduate Center, Department of Psychology, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
| | - J Finik
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 55 W 125th St., New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - G Ventura
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - W Zhang
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA; New Jersey City University, Department of Psychology, 2039 John Fitzgerald Kennedy Blvd, Jersey City, NJ 07305, USA
| | - A D Shereen
- CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA; University of California, Department of Neurology, 680 California Ave, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Y Nomura
- CUNY Graduate Center, Department of Psychology, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA; CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 55 W 125th St., New York, NY 10027, USA; CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 1 Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Weidner MT, Lardenoije R, Eijssen L, Mogavero F, De Groodt LPMT, Popp S, Palme R, Förstner KU, Strekalova T, Steinbusch HWM, Schmitt-Böhrer AG, Glennon JC, Waider J, van den Hove DLA, Lesch KP. Identification of Cholecystokinin by Genome-Wide Profiling as Potential Mediator of Serotonin-Dependent Behavioral Effects of Maternal Separation in the Amygdala. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:460. [PMID: 31133792 PMCID: PMC6524554 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests a role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), the rate-limiting enzyme of 5-HT synthesis in the brain, in modulating long-term, neurobiological effects of early-life adversity. Here, we aimed at further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction, and its consequences for socio-emotional behaviors, with a focus on anxiety and social interaction. In this study, adult, male Tph2 null mutant (Tph2 -/-) and heterozygous (Tph2 +/-) mice, and their wildtype littermates (Tph2 +/+) were exposed to neonatal, maternal separation (MS) and screened for behavioral changes, followed by genome-wide RNA expression and DNA methylation profiling. In Tph2 -/- mice, brain 5-HT deficiency profoundly affected socio-emotional behaviors, i.e., decreased avoidance of the aversive open arms in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) as well as decreased prosocial and increased rule breaking behavior in the resident-intruder test when compared to their wildtype littermates. Tph2 +/- mice showed an ambiguous profile with context-dependent, behavioral responses. In the EPM they showed similar avoidance of the open arm but decreased prosocial and increased rule breaking behavior in the resident-intruder test when compared to their wildtype littermates. Notably, MS effects on behavior were subtle and depended on the Tph2 genotype, in particular increasing the observed avoidance of EPM open arms in wildtype and Tph2 +/- mice when compared to their Tph2 -/- littermates. On the genomic level, the interaction of Tph2 genotype with MS differentially affected the expression of numerous genes, of which a subset showed an overlap with DNA methylation profiles at corresponding loci. Remarkably, changes in methylation nearby and expression of the gene encoding cholecystokinin, which were inversely correlated to each other, were associated with variations in anxiety-related phenotypes. In conclusion, next to various behavioral alterations, we identified gene expression and DNA methylation profiles to be associated with TPH2 inactivation and its interaction with MS, suggesting a gene-by-environment interaction-dependent, modulatory function of brain 5-HT availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena T. Weidner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roy Lardenoije
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Lars Eijssen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Departments of Bioinformatics, Psychiatry & Neuro Psychology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Floriana Mogavero
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Sandy Popp
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad U. Förstner
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- ZB MED – Information Centre for Life Sciences, Cologne, Germany
- TH Köln, Faculty of Information Science and Communication Studies, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Harry W. M. Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Angelika G. Schmitt-Böhrer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey C. Glennon
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jonas Waider
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel L. A. van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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31
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Kiser DP, Popp S, Schmitt-Böhrer AG, Strekalova T, van den Hove DL, Lesch KP, Rivero O. Early-life stress impairs developmental programming in Cadherin 13 (CDH13)-deficient mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:158-168. [PMID: 30165120 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cadherin-13 (CDH13), a member of the calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule family, has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders, but also to depression. In the adult brain, CDH13 expression is restricted e.g. to the presynaptic compartment of inhibitory GABAergic synapses in the hippocampus and Cdh13 knockout mice show an increased inhibitory drive onto hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, leading to a shift in excitatory/inhibitory balance. CDH13 is also moderating migration of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, establishing projections preferentially to the thalamus and cerebellum during brain development. Furthermore, CDH13 is upregulated by chronic stress as well as in depression, suggesting a role in early-life adaptation to stressful experience. Here, we therefore investigated the interaction between Cdh13 variation and neonatal maternal separation (MS) in mice. METHODS Male and female wild-type (Cdh13+/+), heterozygous (Cdh13+/-) and homozygous (Cdh13-/-) knockout mice exposed to MS, or daily handling as control, were subjected to a battery of behavioural tests to assess motor activity, learning and memory as well as anxiety-like behaviour. A transcriptome analysis of the hippocampus was performed in an independent cohort of mice which was exposed to MS or handling, but remained naïve for behavioural testing. RESULTS MS lead to increased anxiety-like behaviour in Cdh13-/- mice compared to the other two MS groups. Cdh13-/- mice showed a context-dependent effect on stress- and anxiety-related behaviour, impaired extinction learning following contextual fear conditioning and decreased impulsivity, as well as a mild decrease in errors in the Barnes maze and reduced risk-taking in the light-dark transition test after MS. We also show sex differences, with increased locomotor activity in female Cdh13-/- mice, but unaltered impulsivity and activity in male Cdh13-/- mice. Transcriptome analysis revealed several pathways associated with cell surface/adhesion molecules to be altered following Cdh13 deficiency, together with an influence on endoplasmic reticulum function. CONCLUSION MS resulted in increased stress resilience, increased exploration and an overall anxiolytic behavioural phenotype in male Cdh13+/+ and Cdh13+/- mice. Cdh13 deficiency, however, obliterated most of the effects caused by early-life stress, with Cdh13-/- mice exhibiting delayed habituation, no reduction of anxiety-like behaviour and decreased fear extinction. Our behavioural findings indicate a role of CDH13 in the programming of and adaptation to early-life stress. Finally, our transcriptomic data support the view of CDH13 as a neuroprotective factor as well as a mediator in cell-cell interactions, with an impact on synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik P Kiser
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sandy Popp
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angelika G Schmitt-Böhrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L van den Hove
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Rivero
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany.
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Developmental outcomes after gestational antidepressant treatment with sertraline and its discontinuation in an animal model of maternal depression. Behav Brain Res 2019; 366:1-12. [PMID: 30836156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed to women before or during pregnancy to manage their depressive symptoms. However, there is still little knowledge regarding the long-term development effects of SSRI exposure for the fetus or the effects of discontinuing SSRI treatment during pregnancy. This study utilized a translational animal model of maternal depression (based on giving high levels of corticosterone (CORT, 40 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle (Oil) for 21 days prior to conception) to investigate the effects of sertraline (a frequently prescribed SSRI; 20 mg/kg p.o., treatment started ∼7 days prior to conception) and its discontinuation during pregnancy (on gestational day 16) compared to vehicle (water) treatment on the development of the offspring. Our results revealed that both corticosterone exposure prior to pregnancy and sertraline administration and its discontinuation during gestation had sex-specific effects on behavior in the adult offspring. In particular, pre-conceptional maternal corticosterone treatment impacted the stress response, anxiety-like behavior and cognitive performance in adult female offspring, while gestational SSRI exposure and its discontinuation compared to full-term exposure affected impulsivity in females, and exploratory behavior in males. More research is needed on the effects of exposure to antidepressant medication and its discontinuation compared to depression during pregnancy and how each impacts development to better help women make informed decisions about their medication use during pregnancy.
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Abstract
This study recruited a prospective cohort of 380 pregnant women before, during, or after Superstorm Sandy in 2012 to examine the association between disaster-related pre- and post-natal maternal stress and offspring temperament at 6 months-old. Mothers prospectively reported stressful experiences during the storm and rated their child's temperament 6 months postpartum. Results indicated that length of time without phone or electricity and financial loss was associated with offspring negative affect, whereas financial loss and threat of death or injury was associated with emotion dysregulation. Furthermore, offspring born before the storm had greater negative affect and lower emotion regulation than those born after the storm. Given the probable increase in the occurrence of natural disasters due to climate change in recent years (McCarthy, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001), our results highlight the necessity of education and planning to help ameliorate any potential consequences on the developing infant.
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Schepanski S, Buss C, Hanganu-Opatz IL, Arck PC. Prenatal Immune and Endocrine Modulators of Offspring's Brain Development and Cognitive Functions Later in Life. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2186. [PMID: 30319639 PMCID: PMC6168638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Milestones of brain development in mammals are completed before birth, which provide the prerequisite for cognitive and intellectual performances of the offspring. Prenatal challenges, such as maternal stress experience or infections, have been linked to impaired cognitive development, poor intellectual performances as well as neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in the offspring later in life. Fetal microglial cells may be the target of such challenges and could be functionally modified by maternal markers. Maternal markers can cross the placenta and reach the fetus, a phenomenon commonly referred to as “vertical transfer.” These maternal markers include hormones, such as glucocorticoids, and also maternal immune cells and cytokines, all of which can be altered in response to prenatal challenges. Whilst it is difficult to discriminate between the maternal or fetal origin of glucocorticoids and cytokines in the offspring, immune cells of maternal origin—although low in frequency—can be clearly set apart from offspring's cells in the fetal and adult brain. To date, insights into the functional role of these cells are limited, but it is emergingly recognized that these maternal microchimeric cells may affect fetal brain development, as well as post-natal cognitive performances and behavior. Moreover, the inheritance of vertically transferred cells across generations has been proposed, yielding to the presence of a microchiome in individuals. Hence, it will be one of the scientific challenges in the field of neuroimmunology to identify the functional role of maternal microchimeric cells as well as the brain microchiome. Maternal microchimeric cells, along with hormones and cytokines, may induce epigenetic changes in the fetal brain. Recent data underpin that brain development in response to prenatal stress challenges can be altered across several generations, independent of a genetic predisposition, supporting an epigenetic inheritance. We here discuss how fetal brain development and offspring's cognitive functions later in life is modulated in the turnstile of prenatal challenges by introducing novel and recently emerging pathway, involving maternal hormones and immune markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Schepanski
- Laboratory of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra C Arck
- Laboratory of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Melo C, Vizin RCL, Silva NU, Ishikawa DT, Echeverry MB, Carrettiero DC, Almeida MC. Early maternal separation promotes alterations in the thermoregulatory profile of adult Wistar rats. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:151-160. [PMID: 30509631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stressful lifelong events may influence psychiatric diseases, like depression and anxiety. Interestingly, depressed patients have dysfunction of thermoregulatory cooling mechanisms. Thus, understanding the mechanisms related to the thermoregulatory changes in stress-related pathologies is important to better understand the symptoms and treatments for those diseases. However, the influence of early-life stress on the thermoregulatory profile of adults is unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the thermoregulatory profile of adult male Wistar rats submitted to early-life stress by maternal separation (MS). On postnatal days 2-14, rats were submitted daily to MS for 3 h per day. At 3-4 months of age, anxiety-like behavior was evaluated using the open field test and elevated plus maze, depression-like behavior was evaluated using the forced swim test and thermoregulatory profile were also evaluated. In the behavioral tests, MS animals exhibited anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and had higher core body temperatures during dark period of the circadian cycle, when compared to controls. In addition, MS animals presented higher hyperthermic and vasoconstriction responses than control animals when exposed to the warmth environment, and engaged in cold-seeking behavior whenever possible to select their preferred ambient temperature. The results suggest that, besides emotional alterations, MS induces a change in the thermoregulatory profile of rats that persists into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Melo
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - R C L Vizin
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - N U Silva
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - D T Ishikawa
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - M B Echeverry
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (CMCC), UFABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - D C Carrettiero
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - M C Almeida
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
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Absence of Stress Response in Dorsal Raphe Nucleus in Modulator of Apoptosis 1-Deficient Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2185-2201. [PMID: 30003515 PMCID: PMC6394635 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Modulator of apoptosis 1 (MOAP-1) is a Bcl-2-associated X Protein (BAX)-associating protein that plays an important role in regulating apoptosis. It is highly enriched in the brain but its function in this organ remains unknown. Studies on BAX-/- mice suggested that disruption of programmed cell death may lead to abnormal emotional states. We thus hypothesize that MOAP-1-/- mice may also display stress-related behavioral differences and perhaps involved in stress responses in the brain and investigated if a depression-like trait exists in MOAP-1-/- mice, and if so, whether it is age related, and how it relates to central serotonergic stress response in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Young MOAP-1-/- mice exhibit depression-like behavior, in the form of increased immobility time when compared to age-matched wild-type mice in the forced swimming test, which is abolished by acute treatment of fluoxetine. This is supported by data from the tail suspension and sucrose preference tests. Repeated forced swimming stress causes an up-regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and a down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in young wild-type (WT) control mice. In contrast, TPH2 up-regulation was not observed in aged WT mice. Interestingly, such a stress response appears absent in both young and aged MOAP-1-/- mice. Aged MOAP-1-/- and WT mice also have similar immobility times on the forced swimming test. These data suggest that MOAP-1 is required in the regulation of stress response in the DRN. Crosstalk between BDNF and 5-HT appears to play an important role in this stress response.
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Van Camp G, Cigalotti J, Bouwalerh H, Mairesse J, Gatta E, Palanza P, Maccari S, Morley-Fletcher S. Consequences of a double hit of stress during the perinatal period and midlife in female rats: Mismatch or cumulative effect? Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 93:45-55. [PMID: 29689422 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between experiences during critical developmental periods and later adult life is crucial in shaping individual variability in stress coping strategies. Exposure to stressful events in early life has strongly programs an individual's phenotype and adaptive capabilities. Until now, studies on programming and reversal strategies in early life stress animal models have been essentially limited to males. By using the perinatal stress (PRS) rat model (a model more sensitive to aging changes) in middle-aged females, we investigated the behavioral and endocrine responses following exposure in later life to an unpredictable chronic mild stress (uCMS) condition for six weeks. PRS by itself accelerated the ageing-related-disruption in the estrous cycle and led to reductions in the levels of estradiol. It also reduced motivational and risk-taking behavior in later life, with PRS females being characterized by a reduction in self-grooming in the splash test, in the exploration of the light compartment in the light/dark box test and in the time spent eating a palatable food in the novelty-induced suppression feeding test. PRS females showed impaired regulation of plasma glucose and insulin levels following a glucose challenge, with a hyperglycemic phenotype, and disrupted feedback of the HPA axis after acute stress with respect to controls. Remarkably, all PRS-induced alterations were modified by exposure to the uCMS procedure, thus resulting in a disease-dependent intervention; controls were not affected by uCMS, except for a slight and transient reduction in body weight, while PRS females displayed a reduced body weight gain for the entire duration of the uCMS procedure. Interestingly, the effects of uCMS on PRS females were still observed up to two months after its termination and the females displayed heightened rhythms of locomotor activity and enhanced sensitivity to reward with respect to controls exposed to uCMS. Our findings indicate that many parameters of the PRS female adult phenotype are shaped by both early and later life experiences in a non-additive way. As a consequence, early stressed individuals may be programmed with a more dynamic phenotype than non-stressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Van Camp
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) France/Italy: "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", University Lille1-CNRS UMR8576 and Sapienza University of Rome-IRCCS Neuromed
| | - Jenny Cigalotti
- Erasmus Program, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, 43100-Parma Italy and University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Hammou Bouwalerh
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) France/Italy: "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", University Lille1-CNRS UMR8576 and Sapienza University of Rome-IRCCS Neuromed
| | - Jérôme Mairesse
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Gatta
- Center of Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Paola Palanza
- Unit of Neuroscience, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccari
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; IRCCS Neuromed, Italy
| | - Sara Morley-Fletcher
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) France/Italy: "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", University Lille1-CNRS UMR8576 and Sapienza University of Rome-IRCCS Neuromed.
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Iturra-Mena AM, Arriagada-Solimano M, Luttecke-Anders A, Dagnino-Subiabre A. Effects of prenatal stress on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours are sex-specific in prepubertal rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12609. [PMID: 29772083 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The foetal brain is highly susceptible to stress in late pregnancy, with lifelong effects of stress on physiology and behaviour. The present study aimed to determine the physiological and behavioural effects of prenatal stress during the prepubertal period of female and male rats. We subjected pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats to a restraint stress protocol from gestational day 14 to 21, a critical period for foetal brain susceptibility to stress effects. Male and female offspring were subsequently assessed at postnatal day 24 for anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, as well as spontaneous social interaction. We also assessed maternal behaviours and 2 stress markers: basal vs acute-evoked stress levels of serum corticosterone and body weight gain. Prenatal stress did not affect the maternal behaviour, whereas both female and male offspring had higher body weight gain. On the other hand, lower levels of corticosterone after acute stress stimulation, as well as anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, were only evident in stressed males compared to control males. These results suggest that prenatal stress induced sex-specific effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and on behaviour during prepuberty. The HPA axis of prenatally stressed male rats was less active compared to control males, and they were also more anxious and experienced depressive-like behaviours. These results are useful with respect to studying the neurobiological basis of childhood depression at a preclinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Iturra-Mena
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de las Américas, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - M Arriagada-Solimano
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - A Luttecke-Anders
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - A Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Auditory and Cognition Center, AUCO, Santiago, Chile
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H3K9 Acetylation of Tph2 Involved in Depression-like Behavior in Male, but not Female, Juvenile Offspring Rat Induced by Prenatal Stress. Neuroscience 2018; 381:138-148. [PMID: 29625215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that prenatal stress (PS) could cause depression-like behavior in the offspring, which is sex-specific. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study is to investigate the involvement of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) modification on PS-induced depression-like behavior in juvenile offspring rats (JOR). PS models were established, with or without trichostatin A (TSA) treatment. Animal behavior was assessed by the sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST). The mRNA and protein expression levels of TPH2 in the dorsal raphenucleus (DRN), hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex were detected with quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The Tph2 H3K9ac levels in the hippocampus were also analyzed. SPT and FST showed significantly reduced sucrose preference and significantly prolonged immobility in PS-induced male juvenile offspring rats (MJOR). Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TPH2 in the DRN and hippocampus were significantly declined, while the hippocampal Tph2 H3K9ac levels were significantly declined in the PS-induced MJOR. Furthermore, the PS-induced effects in MJOR could be reversed by the microinjection of TSA. However, no significant effects were observed for the female juvenile offspring rats (FJORs). In conclusion, our results showed that the Tph2 H3K9ac modification is only involved in PS-induced depression-like behavior in MJOR, in a sex-specific manner. These findings might contribute to the understanding of the disease pathogenesis and clinical treatment in future.
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Pollano A, Trujillo V, Suárez MM. How does early maternal separation and chronic stress in adult rats affect the immunoreactivity of serotonergic neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus? Stress 2018; 21:59-68. [PMID: 29157077 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2017.1401062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerability to emotional disorders like depression derives from interactions between early and late environments, including stressful conditions. The serotonin (5HT) system is strongly affected by stress and chronic unpredictable stress can alter the 5HT system. We evaluated the distribution of active serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) through immunohistochemistry in maternally separated and chronically stressed rats treated with an antidepressant, tianeptine, whose mechanism of action is still under review. Male Wistar rats were subjected to daily maternal separation (MS) for 4.5 h between postnatal days (PND) 1-21, or to animal facility rearing (AFR). Between (PND) days 50-74, rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress and were treated daily with tianeptine (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. We found an interaction between the effects of MS and chronic unpredictable stress on Fos-5HT immunoreactive cells at mid-caudal level of the DR. MS-chronically stressed rats showed an increase of Fos-5HT immunoreactive cells compared with AFR-chronically stressed rats. The ventrolateral (DRL/VLPAG) and dorsal (DRD) subdivisions of the DR were significantly more active than the ventral part (DRV). At the rostral level of the DR, tianeptine decreased the number of Fos-5HT cells in DR in the AFR groups, both unstressed and stressed. Overall, our results support the idea of a match in phenotype exhibited when the early and the adult environment correspond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Pollano
- a Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Verónica Trujillo
- a Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Marta M Suárez
- a Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
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Neuroepigenetics of Prenatal Psychological Stress. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 158:83-104. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Matsui F, Hecht P, Yoshimoto K, Watanabe Y, Morimoto M, Fritsche K, Will M, Beversdorf D. DHA Mitigates Autistic Behaviors Accompanied by Dopaminergic Change in a Gene/Prenatal Stress Mouse Model. Neuroscience 2017; 371:407-419. [PMID: 29288796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social interaction, social communication, and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. Recent work has begun to explore gene × environmental interactions in the etiology of ASD. We previously reported that prenatal stress exposure in stress-susceptible heterozygous serotonin transporter (SERT) KO pregnant dams in a mouse model resulted in autism-like behavior in the offspring (SERT/S mice). The association between prenatal stress and ASD appears to be affected by maternal SERT genotype in clinical populations as well. Using the mouse model, we examined autistic-like behaviors in greater detail, and additionally explored whether diet supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may mitigate the behavioral changes. Only male SERT/S mice showed social impairment and stereotyped behavior, and DHA supplementation ameliorated some of these behaviors. We also measured monoamine levels in the SERT/S mice after three treatment paradigms: DHA-rich diet continuously from breeding (DHA diet), DHA-rich diet only after weaning (CTL/DHA diet) and control diet only (CTL diet). The dopamine (DA) content in the striatum was significantly increased in the SERT/S mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, whereas no difference was observed with noradrenaline and serotonin content. Moreover, DA content in the striatum was significantly reduced in the SERT/S mice with the DHA-rich diet provided continuously from breeding. The results indicate that autism-associated behaviors and changes in the dopaminergic system in this setting can be mitigated with DHA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Matsui
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Patrick Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kanji Yoshimoto
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Watanabe
- Department of Basic Geriatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kevin Fritsche
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Will
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - David Beversdorf
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Departments of Radiology and Neurology, William and Nancy Thompson Chair in Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Green A, Esser MJ, Perrot TS. Developmental expression of anxiety and depressive behaviours after prenatal predator exposure and early life homecage enhancement. Behav Brain Res 2017; 346:122-136. [PMID: 29183765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stressful events during gestation can have sex-specific effects on brain and behaviour, and may contribute to some of the differences observed in adult stress responding and psychopathology. We investigated the impact of a novel repeated prenatal psychological stress (prenatal predator exposure - PPS) during the last week of gestation in rats on offspring behaviours related to social interaction (play behaviour), open field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SP) during the juvenile period and in adulthood. We further examined the role of postnatal environmental, using an enhanced housing condition (EHC), to prevent/rescue any changes. Some effects on anxiety, anhedonia, and stress-related coping behaviours (e.g., OFT, SP and OFT) did not emerge until adulthood. PPS increased OFT anxiety behaviours in adult males, and some OFT and SP behaviours in adult females. Contrary to this, EHC had few independent effects; most were apparent only when combined with PPS. In keeping with age-group differences, juvenile behaviours did not necessarily predict the same adult behaviours although juvenile OFT rearing and freezing, and juvenile FST immobility did predict adult FST immobility and sucrose preference, suggesting that some aspects of depressive behaviours may emerge early and predict adult vulnerability or coping behaviours. Together, these results suggest an important, though complex, role for early life psychological stressors and early life behaviours in creating an adult vulnerability to anxiety or depressive disorders and that environmental factors further modulate the effects of the prenatal stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Green
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Michael J Esser
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tara S Perrot
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Thomas MB, Becker JB. Sex differences in prenatal stress effects on cocaine pursuit in rats. Physiol Behav 2017; 203:3-9. [PMID: 29055747 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of early-life ontogeny has severe and persistent consequences for the health of the developing organism. Both clinical and preclinical findings indicate that such interference can be caused by maternal stress during the gestation period (prenatal stress [PS]). In rats, PS facilitates the rewarding and neurochemical-stimulating effects of drugs, suggesting that PS may represent a risk factor for drug abuse in humans. Very little, however, is known about its effects in females, even though sex differences in drug susceptibility have been well documented in no PS (NPS) controls. Thus, we tested for independent effects and interactions between maternal restraint stress during the last week of gestation and sex on drug use with an extended regimen of drug self-administration. Male and female rats were provided daily access to a large but controlled amount of cocaine for seven weeks. Drug pursuit during the final week was used to indicate susceptibility to developing an addiction-like phenotype, based on reports that drug use becomes increasingly compulsive-like after weeks of testing. Overall, females satisfied more addiction-like criteria than males, and the same was true for PS rats when compared to NPS controls. In addition, sex and PS interacted to disproportionately promote drug pursuit of females with a history of PS. These results indicate that sex differences in drug susceptibility persist with continued drug exposure, and that PS widens this difference by more severely affecting females. In all, PS may be a risk factor for drug addiction in humans, and to a greater extent in women vs. men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Thomas
- Psychology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Sciformix, 1500 West Park Drive, Westborough, MA, United States
| | - Jill B Becker
- Psychology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Neuroscience Program, Psychiatry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Soliani FCDBG, Cabbia R, Batistela MF, Almeida AG, Kümpel VD, Yamauchi Junior L, de Andrade TGCS. Impact of social separation during pregnancy on the manifestation of defensive behaviors related to generalized anxiety and panic throughout offspring development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185572. [PMID: 29036201 PMCID: PMC5642899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple insecurities, anatomical, physiological and psychological changes arising from the gestational period can generate an overload of stress in the mother and cause disturbances in the offspring, affecting it throughout its development. The existing analysis linking prenatal stress and offspring’s anxiety have divergent results, being limited as to gestational week, type of stressor and age of progeny’s assessment. Social separation has been described as a stressor that causes increase in anxiety. Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of social separation applied in one of the three gestational weeks of rat dams on the manifestation of the defensive behaviors related to generalized anxiety disorder and panic in the Elevated T Maze of the male progeny in three stages of development (1, 3 or 6 months of life). It was found, in the offspring of grouped (control) dams, increased behaviors associated with generalized anxiety disorder and a reduction of panic-like behaviors throughout development. For animals whose dams were socially separated during pregnancy, the most critical period of exposure was the 2nd gestational week, which affected the acquisition of aversive memory, demonstrated by the impairment on learning of avoidances of the offspring in all ages evaluated. Stressor exposure in this week also increased the avoidances, related to generalized anxiety of progeny in the 1st month and decreased escapes, related to panic in the 3rd month of life and, at the age of 6 months old, an inverse situation, with the reduction of the defensive behaviors associated to generalized anxiety disorder. The results show that, when assessing effects of prenatal stress on the manifestation of anxiety, not only the period of exposure is important, but also the age of offspring assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Cabbia
- Laboratory of Physiology, UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista, Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinícius Dias Kümpel
- Laboratory of Physiology, UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista, Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Yamauchi Junior
- Laboratory of Physiology, UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista, Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
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Susceptibility or resilience? Prenatal stress predisposes male rats to social subordination, but facilitates adaptation to subordinate status. Physiol Behav 2017; 178:117-125. [PMID: 28284881 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) affect a significant proportion of the population. Although progress has been made in the development of therapeutics, a large number of individuals do not attain full remission of symptoms and adverse side effects affect treatment compliance for some. In order to develop new therapies, there is a push for new models that better reflect the multiple risk factors that likely contribute to the development of depressive illness. We hypothesized that early life stress would exacerbate the depressive-like phenotype that we have previously observed in socially subordinate (SUB) adult male rats in the visible burrow system (VBS), a semi-natural, ethologically relevant environment in which males in a colony form a dominance hierarchy. Dams were exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS) during the last week of gestation, resulting in a robust and non-habituating glucocorticoid response that did not alter maternal food intake, body weight or litter size and weight. As adults, one prenatal CVS (PCVS) and one non-stressed (NS) male were housed in the VBS with adult females. Although there were no overt differences between PCVS and NS male offspring prior to VBS housing, a greater percentage of PCVS males became SUB. However, the depressive-like phenotype of SUB males was not exacerbated in PCVS males; rather, they appeared to better cope with SUB status than NS SUB males. They had lower basal plasma corticosterone than NS SUB males at the end of VBS housing. In situ hybridization for CRH in the PVN and CeA did not reveal any prenatal treatment or status effects, while NPY expression was higher within the MeA of dominant and subordinate males exposed to the VBS in comparison with controls, but with no effect of prenatal treatment. These data suggest that prenatal chronic variable stress may confer resilience to offspring when exposed to social stress in adulthood.
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Winett L, Wallack L, Richardson D, Boone-Heinonen J, Messer L. A Framework to Address Challenges in Communicating the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 3:169-77. [PMID: 27449924 PMCID: PMC5560864 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Findings from the field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) suggest that some of the most pressing public health problems facing communities today may begin much earlier than previously understood. In particular, this body of work provides evidence that social, physical, chemical, environmental, and behavioral influences in early life play a significant role in establishing vulnerabilities for chronic disease later in life. Further, because this work points to the importance of adverse environmental exposures that cluster in population groups, it suggests that existing opportunities to intervene at a population level may need to refocus their efforts "upstream" to sufficiently combat the fundamental causes of disease. To translate these findings into improved public health, however, the distance between scientific discovery and population application will need to be bridged by conversations across a breadth of disciplines and social roles. And importantly, those involved will likely begin without a shared vocabulary or conceptual starting point. The purpose of this paper is to support and inform the translation of DOHaD findings from the bench to population-level health promotion and disease prevention, by: (1) discussing the unique communication challenges inherent to translation of DOHaD for broad audiences, (2) introducing the First-hit/Second-hit Framework with an epidemiologic planning matrix as a model for conceptualizing and structuring communication around DOHaD, and (3) discussing the ways in which patterns of communicating DOHaD findings can expand the range of solutions considered and encourage discussion of population-level solutions in relation to one another, rather than in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Winett
- School of Community Health and OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Lawrence Wallack
- School of Community Health and OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Dawn Richardson
- School of Community Health and OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Janne Boone-Heinonen
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine and OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Lynne Messer
- School of Community Health and OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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Prenatal stressors in rodents: Effects on behavior. Neurobiol Stress 2016; 6:3-13. [PMID: 28229104 PMCID: PMC5314420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review focuses on studies in rodents published since 2008 and explores possible reasons for any differences they report in the effects of gestational stress on various types of behavior in the offspring. An abundance of experimental data shows that different maternal stressors in rodents can replicate some of the abnormalities in offspring behavior observed in humans. These include, anxiety, in juvenile and adult rats and mice, assessed in the elevated plus maze and open field tests and depression, detected in the forced swim and sucrose-preference tests. Deficits were reported in social interaction that is suggestive of pathology associated with schizophrenia, and in spatial learning and memory in adult rats in the Morris water maze test, but in most studies only males were tested. There were too few studies on the novel object recognition test at different inter-trial intervals to enable a conclusion about the effect of prenatal stress and whether any deficits are more prevalent in males. Among hippocampal glutamate receptors, NR2B was the only subtype consistently reduced in association with learning deficits. However, like in humans with schizophrenia and depression, prenatal stress lowered hippocampal levels of BDNF, which were closely correlated with decreases in hippocampal long-term potentiation. In mice, down-regulation of BDNF appeared to occur through the action of gene-methylating enzymes that are already increased above controls in prenatally-stressed neonates. In conclusion, the data obtained so far from experiments in rodents lend support to a physiological basis for the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia and depression.
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Hiroi R, Carbone DL, Zuloaga DG, Bimonte-Nelson HA, Handa RJ. Sex-dependent programming effects of prenatal glucocorticoid treatment on the developing serotonin system and stress-related behaviors in adulthood. Neuroscience 2016; 320:43-56. [PMID: 26844389 PMCID: PMC4840233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal stress and overexposure to glucocorticoids (GC) during development may be associated with an increased susceptibility to a number of diseases in adulthood including neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. In animal models, prenatal overexposure to GC results in hyper-responsiveness to stress in adulthood, and females appear to be more susceptible than males. Here, we tested the hypothesis that overexposure to GC during fetal development has sex-specific programming effects on the brain, resulting in altered behaviors in adulthood. We examined the effects of dexamethasone (DEX; a synthetic GC) during prenatal life on stress-related behaviors in adulthood and on the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TpH2) gene expression in the adult dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). TpH2 is the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin (5-HT) synthesis and has been implicated in the etiology of human affective disorders. Timed-pregnant rats were treated with DEX from gestational days 18-22. Male and female offspring were sacrificed on the day of birth (postnatal day 0; P0), P7, and in adulthood (P80-84) and brains were examined for changes in TpH2 mRNA expression. Adult animals were also tested for anxiety- and depressive- like behaviors. In adulthood, prenatal DEX increased anxiety- and depressive- like behaviors selectively in females, as measured by decreased time spent in the center of the open field and increased time spent immobile in the forced swim test, respectively. Prenatal DEX increased TpH2 mRNA selectively in the female caudal DRN at P7, whereas it decreased TpH2 mRNA selectively in the female caudal DRN in adulthood. In animals challenged with restraint stress in adulthood, TpH2 mRNA was significantly lower in rostral DRN of prenatal DEX-treated females compared to vehicle-treated females. These data demonstrated that prenatal overexposure to GC alters the development of TpH2 gene expression and these alterations correlated with lasting behavioral changes found in adult female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hiroi
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 550 E. Van Buren Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - D L Carbone
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 550 E. Van Buren Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - D G Zuloaga
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 550 E. Van Buren Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - H A Bimonte-Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - R J Handa
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 550 E. Van Buren Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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Oosterhof CA, El Mansari M, Merali Z, Blier P. Altered monoamine system activities after prenatal and adult stress: A role for stress resilience? Brain Res 2016; 1642:409-418. [PMID: 27086968 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal stress (PNS) and stress in adulthood are risk factors for development of major depressive disorder. The present study aimed to 1) confirm previous neuroendocrine and behavioral changes induced by PNS, and 2) to characterize the effect of early- and late life stress on the in vivo activity of monoamine systems. METHODS Gestational dams were restrained thrice daily under bright illumination from gestational day (GD)11-20. Behavior and neuroendocrine responses to the forced swim test (FST) were determined in adult (50-80 days) offspring, and electrophysiological single unit recordings of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin (5-HT), ventral tegmental area dopamine (DA) and locus coeruleus norepinephrine (NE) neurons were obtained at baseline and 24h after the FST. RESULTS Gestational dams did not habituate to chronic restraint stress, and PNS reduced the birth weight of offspring. In adulthood, swim stress elevated CORT levels longer in PNS animals, while it had no effect on swim behaviors. Baseline firing activity of 5-HT neurons was decreased in PNS animals, while the firing activity of NE and DA neurons was increased. Swim stress had no effect on the firing on 5-HT neurons, but normalized the firing activity of catecholamine neurons in PNS animals. CONCLUSION The present data confirm previously established effects on neuroendocrine and physiological measures, and demonstrate an altering effect of PNS and stress on monoamine system activities in adulthood. Since PNS did not result in a depressive-like phenotype, these central changes following PNS might play reflect adaptive changes contributing to stress resilience in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Oosterhof
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mostafa El Mansari
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zul Merali
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Blier
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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