1
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Jiang J, Queneau Y, Popowycz F. The Use of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in Multi-Component Hantzsch Dihydropyridine Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301782. [PMID: 38506252 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The renewable 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) has gained a wide interest from the chemistry community as a valuable biobased platform opening the way to many applications. Despite an impressive number of publications reporting either its preparation or its functionalization, its direct use in fine chemistry, and especially in multi-component reaction (MCR), is less reported. Here, we report a complete study of the use of 5-HMF in the Hantzsch dihydropyridines synthesis. The strategy was applied to a scope of β-dicarbonyl molecules (including β-ketoesters and 1,3-diketones) in a 3-component procedure leading to a series of symmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridines derived from 5-HMF in excellent yields. The study was extended to the 4-component protocol using one equivalent of a β-ketoester and one equivalent of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione (dimedone), which efficiently provided the corresponding unsymmetrical dihydropyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE, UMR 5246, ICBMS, 1 rue Victor Grignard, F-69621, Villeurbanne Cedex
| | - Yves Queneau
- INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE, UMR 5246, ICBMS, 1 rue Victor Grignard, F-69621, Villeurbanne Cedex
| | - Florence Popowycz
- INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE, UMR 5246, ICBMS, 1 rue Victor Grignard, F-69621, Villeurbanne Cedex
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2
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Bouyahya C, Klonos PA, Zamboulis A, Xanthopoulou E, Ainali NM, Majdoub M, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN. Preparation and Structural-Thermodynamical Investigation of Renewable Copolyesters Based on Poly (Ethylene Succinate) and Polyisosorbide. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2173. [PMID: 39125197 PMCID: PMC11314190 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of novel renewable copolymers based on poly(ethylene succinate) (PESu) and poly(isosorbide succinate) (PISSu), with the Isosorbide (Is)/PESu molar ratio varying from 5/95 to 75/25, were synthesized in-situ and studied in this work. A sum of characterization techniques was employed here for the structural and thermo-dynamical characterization. The sophisticated technique of dielectric spectroscopy, along with proper analysis, enabled the molecular dynamics mapping of both the local and segmental types, which is presented for such materials for the first time. With increasing the Is fraction, shorter copolymeric entities were gradually formed. Based on the overall findings, the systems were found to be homogeneous, e.g., exhibiting single glass transitions, with the two polymer segments being found to be excellently distributed. The latter is indirect, although strong, evidence for the successful copolymerization. The thermal degradation mechanism for the copolymers was exhaustingly explored employing analytical pyrolysis. The systems exhibited, in general, good thermal stability, according to the thermogravimetric analysis. Confirming one of the initial scopes for the present systems, isosorbide plays here the role of hardener (PISSu) over the soft polymer (PESu), and this is reflected in the monotonic increase of the glass transition temperature, Tg, from -16 to ~56 °C. The introduction of Is results in an increase in constraints (hardening of the matrix), while there seems to be an overall densification of the polymer (decrease of the free volume).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (A.Z.); (N.M.A.)
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés, Université de Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Panagiotis A. Klonos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (A.Z.); (N.M.A.)
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 157 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (A.Z.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Eleftheria Xanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (A.Z.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Nina Maria Ainali
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (A.Z.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Mustapha Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés, Université de Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 157 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (A.Z.); (N.M.A.)
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3
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Liang CM, Wang CC, Hung YT, Cheng HW, Yang CF. Optimization of operating parameters for 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid recovery using electrodialysis with bipolar membrane and traditional electrodialysis systems. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34706. [PMID: 39149025 PMCID: PMC11325056 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrodialysis (ED) is an eco-friendly and feasible method to separate or recover ionic compounds by electric field attraction and configuration of ion exchange membranes. Strain Burkholderia sp. H-2 could biotransform 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) into a green platform compound, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), using a bioreactor system. In this study, electrodialysis with the bipolar membrane (EDBM) and traditional ED systems were applied to recover and concentrate FDCA. Artificial and real FDCA effluents of the 5-HMF biotransformation bioreactor were used as the feedstock to establish the optimal conditions for FDCA recovery. The optimal FDCA concentration and pH of the artificial FDCA effluent were 2100 mg/L and 5, respectively. The suitable current density of the EDBM was 8.93 mA/cm2. For FDCA recovery and concentration using the ED, the feedstock volume and FDCA concentration in the concentration chamber were 1.5 L and 1000 mg/L, respectively. The FDCA recovery efficiency of the real FDCA effluent was 55.6 %. Suppose the pretreatment procedure of the real bioreactor effluent is further optimized. It is believed to benefit the enhancement of FDCA recovery efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chin Wang
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, 43302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hung
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Cheng
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fang Yang
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
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4
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Walkowiak K, Paszkiewicz S. Modifications of Furan-Based Polyesters with the Use of Rigid Diols. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2064. [PMID: 39065381 PMCID: PMC11280799 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The replacement of polymers derived from petrochemical resources has been a prominent area of focus in recent decades. Polymers used in engineering materials must exhibit mechanical strength and stiffness while maintaining performance through a broad temperature range. Most of the polyesters used as engineering materials are based on terephthalic acid (TPA) and its derivatives, which provide necessary rigidity to molecular chains due to an aromatic ring. Bio-based alternatives for TPA-based polyesters that are gaining popularity are the polyesters derived from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). To broaden applicational possibilities, one effective way to achieve specific properties in targeted applications is to adjust the composition and structure of polymers using advanced polymer chemistry techniques. The incorporation of rigid diols such as isosorbide, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (CBDO) should result in a greater stiffness of the molecular chains. This review extensively explores the effect of incorporating rigid diols on material properties through a review of research articles as well as patents. Moreover, this review mainly focuses on the polyesters and copolyesters synthesized via two-step melt polycondensation and its alterations due to the industrial importance of this method. Innovative synthesis strategies and the resulting material properties are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Walkowiak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland;
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5
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Shafranska O, Sutton C, Kalita D, Kannaboina P, Tiwari S, Sibi MP, Webster DC. A Preliminary Study of Thermosets from Epoxy Resins Made Using Low-Toxicity Furan-Based Diols. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300665. [PMID: 38444218 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Glycidyl ethers are prepared from a series of furan-based diols and cured with a diamine to form thermosets. The furan diols demonstrate lower toxicity than bisphenol-A in a prior study. The diglycidyl ethers show improved thermal stability compared to the parent diols. Cured thermosets are prepared at elevated temperature using isophorone diamine (IPDA). Glass transition temperatures are in the range of 30-54 °C and depend on the structure of the furan diol. Coatings are prepared on steel substrates and show very high hardness, good adhesion, and a range of flexibility. Properties compare favorably with a control based on a bisphenol-A epoxy resin. The study demonstrates that epoxy resins based on furan diols, which have been shown to have lower toxicity than bisphenol-A, can form thermosets having properties comparable to a standard epoxy resin system; and thus, are viable as replacements for bisphenol-A epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Shafranska
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Catherine Sutton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Deep Kalita
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Prakash Kannaboina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Sandip Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Mukund P Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Dean C Webster
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
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6
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Niskanen J, Mahlberg R, van Strien N, Rautiainen S, Kivilahti E, Koivuranta K, Anghelescu-Hakala A. Upcycling of Agricultural Waste Stream to High-Molecular-Weight Bio-based Poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate). CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301551. [PMID: 38252878 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Orange peel and sugar beet pulp contain large quantities of pectin, which can be turned via galactaric acid into furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and its esters. In this work, we show the polymerisation of these FDCA esters into high-molecular-weight, 70-100 kg/mol, poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PEF). PEF is an emerging bio-based alternative for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), widely used in for example packaging applications. Closing the loop, we also demonstrated and confirmed that PEF can be hydrolysed by enzymes, which are known to hydrolyse PET, back into FDCA for convenient recycling and recovery of monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Niskanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland
| | - Riitta Mahlberg
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland
| | | | - Sari Rautiainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland
| | - Essi Kivilahti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland
| | - Kari Koivuranta
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland
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7
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Shi C, Quinn EC, Diment WT, Chen EYX. Recyclable and (Bio)degradable Polyesters in a Circular Plastics Economy. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4393-4478. [PMID: 38518259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters carrying polar main-chain ester linkages exhibit distinct material properties for diverse applications and thus play an important role in today's plastics economy. It is anticipated that they will play an even greater role in tomorrow's circular plastics economy that focuses on sustainability, thanks to the abundant availability of their biosourced building blocks and the presence of the main-chain ester bonds that can be chemically or biologically cleaved on demand by multiple methods and thus bring about more desired end-of-life plastic waste management options. Because of this potential and promise, there have been intense research activities directed at addressing recycling, upcycling or biodegradation of existing legacy polyesters, designing their biorenewable alternatives, and redesigning future polyesters with intrinsic chemical recyclability and tailored performance that can rival today's commodity plastics that are either petroleum based and/or hard to recycle. This review captures these exciting recent developments and outlines future challenges and opportunities. Case studies on the legacy polyesters, poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(butylene-adipate terephthalate), are presented, and emerging chemically recyclable polyesters are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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8
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Chícharo B, Fadlallah S, Allais F, Aricò F. Furandicarboxylate Polyesters: A Comprehensive ADMET Study of a Novel Class of Furan-Based α,ω-Diene Monomers. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301311. [PMID: 37937483 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The present research article delves into the preparation of a new class of bio-based polyesters from α,ω-diene furandicarboxylate monomers. In particular, it exploits the use of acyclic diene metathesis polymerisation (ADMET) on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)-derived compounds. First, a library of furan-based α,ω-diene monomers was prepared via acid- or base-catalyzed transesterification of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (FDME) with commercially available alcohols incorporating terminal olefins, i. e., allyl alcohol, but-3-en-1-ol, hex-5-en-1-ol and dec-9-en-1-ol. Then, the novel monomers were subjected to ADMET polymerisation employing different catalysts and reaction conditions. Interestingly, first-generation Grubbs catalyst was found to be the best promoter for ADMET polymerisation. This catalyst allowed the preparation of a new family of bio-based polyesters with molecular weights up to 26.4 kDa, with good thermal stability, and adaptable cis-trans conformations. Results also revealed that the monomer structure had a direct impact on the polymerisation efficiency and the resulting thermal properties. The effect of green bio-based solvents such as Cyrene™, dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) and γ-valerolactone (GVL) on the polymerisation process was also studied. Data collected showed that the solvent concentration influenced both the yield and length of polymers formed. Furthermore, some co-polymerisation experiments were conducted; the successful integration of different monomers in the resulting copolymer was shown to affect the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resulting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Chícharo
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
- Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino155, 30172, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Fabio Aricò
- Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino155, 30172, Venezia Mestre, Italy
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9
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Toledano O, Gálvez O, Sanz M, Garcia Arcos C, Rebollar E, Nogales A, García-Gutiérrez MC, Santoro G, Irska I, Paszkiewicz S, Szymczyk A, Ezquerra TA. Study of the Crystal Structure and Hydrogen Bonding during Cold Crystallization of Poly(trimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate). Macromolecules 2024; 57:2218-2229. [PMID: 38495385 PMCID: PMC10938886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present a detailed description of the in situ isothermal crystallization of poly(trimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PTF) as revealed by real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). From FTIR experiments, the evolution of hydrogen bonding with crystallization time can be monitored in real time, while from GIWAXS, crystal formation can be followed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to simulate FTIR spectra for different theoretical structures, enabling a precise band assignment. In addition, based on DFT ab initio calculations, the influence of hydrogen bonding on the evolution with crystallization time can be understood. Moreover, from DFT calculations and comparison with both FTIR and GIWAXS experiments, a crystalline structure of poly(trimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) is proposed. Our results demonstrate that hydrogen bonding is present in both the crystalline and the amorphous phases and its rearrangement can be considered as a significant driving force for crystallization of poly(alkylene 2,5-furanoate)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Toledano
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Gálvez
- Depto.
Física Interdisciplinar, Universidad
Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Fac. Ciencias Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Sanz
- Depto.
Física Interdisciplinar, Universidad
Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Fac. Ciencias Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia Arcos
- Depto.
Física Interdisciplinar, Universidad
Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Fac. Ciencias Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Instituto
de Química Física Blas Cabrera, IQF-CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Nogales
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Cruz García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Santoro
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Izabela Irska
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastów 19, PL 70310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sandra Paszkiewicz
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastów 19, PL 70310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Szymczyk
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastów 19, PL 70310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tiberio A. Ezquerra
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
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10
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Cai X, Zhao X, Mahmud S, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang J, Zhu J. Synthesis of Biobased Poly(butylene Furandicarboxylate) Containing Polysulfone with Excellent Thermal Resistance Properties. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1825-1837. [PMID: 38336482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A synthetic biopolymer derived from furandicarboxylic acid monomer and hydroxyethyl-terminated poly(ether sulfone) is presented. The synthesis involves 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone and 4,4-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone, resulting in poly(butylene furandicarboxylate)-poly(ether sulfone) copolyesters (PBFES) through melt polycondensation with titanium-catalyzed polymerization. This facile method yields segmented polyesters incorporating polysulfone, creating a versatile group of high-temperature thermoplastics with adjustable thermomechanical properties. The PBFES copolyesters demonstrate an impressive tensile modulus of 2830 MPa and a tensile strength of 84 MPa for PBFES55. Additionally, the poly(ether sulfone) unit imparts a relatively high glass transition temperature (Tg), ranging from 36.6 °C for poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) to 112.3 °C for PBFES62. Moreover, the complete amorphous film of PBFES exhibits excellent transparency and solvent resistance, making it suitable for applications, such as food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Cai
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Hangzhou Joyoung Household Electrical Appliances Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Sakil Mahmud
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, No.818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinggang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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11
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Stanley J, Xanthopoulou E, Finšgar M, Zemljič LF, Klonos PA, Kyritsis A, Koltsakidis S, Tzetzis D, Lambropoulou DA, Baciu D, Steriotis TA, Charalambopoulou G, Bikiaris DN. Synthesis of Poly(ethylene furanoate) Based Nanocomposites by In Situ Polymerization with Enhanced Antibacterial Properties for Food Packaging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4502. [PMID: 38231946 PMCID: PMC10708257 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF)-based nanocomposites containing Ce-bioglass, ZnO, and ZrO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via in situ polymerization, targeting food packaging applications. The nanocomposites were thoroughly characterized, combining a range of techniques. The successful polymerization was confirmed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and the molecular weight values were determined indirectly by applying intrinsic viscosity measurements. The nanocomposites' structure was investigated by depth profiling using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), while color measurements showed a low-to-moderate increase in the color concentration of all the nanocomposites compared to neat PEF. The thermal properties and crystallinity behavior of the synthesized materials were also examined. The neat PEF and PEF-based nanocomposites show a crystalline fraction of 0-5%, and annealed samples of both PEF and PEF-based nanocomposites exhibit a crystallinity above 20%. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed that active agent nanoparticles are well dispersed in the PEF matrix. Contact angle measurements showed that incorporating nanoparticles into the PEF matrix significantly reduces the wetting angle due to increased roughness and introduction of the polar -OH groups. Antimicrobial studies indicated a significant increase in inhibition of bacterial strains of about 9-22% for Gram-positive bacterial strains and 5-16% for Gram-negative bacterial strains in PEF nanocomposite films, respectively. Finally, nanoindentation tests showed that the ZnO-based nanocomposite exhibits improved hardness and elastic modulus values compared to neat PEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Stanley
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Colors, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (J.S.); (E.X.)
| | - Eleftheria Xanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Colors, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (J.S.); (E.X.)
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Panagiotis A. Klonos
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (P.A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (P.A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Savvas Koltsakidis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, International Hellenic University, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Dimitrios Tzetzis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, International Hellenic University, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Dimitra A. Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diana Baciu
- National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, GR-15341 Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Greece; (D.B.); (T.A.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Theodore A. Steriotis
- National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, GR-15341 Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Greece; (D.B.); (T.A.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Georgia Charalambopoulou
- National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, GR-15341 Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Greece; (D.B.); (T.A.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Colors, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (J.S.); (E.X.)
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12
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Gidi L, Amalraj J, Tenreiro C, Ramírez G. Recent progress, trends, and new challenges in the electrochemical production of green hydrogen coupled to selective electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). RSC Adv 2023; 13:28307-28336. [PMID: 37753399 PMCID: PMC10519153 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05623f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of clean electrical energy and the correct use of waste materials are two topics that currently concern humanity. In order to face both problems, extensive work has been done on the electrolytic production of green H2 coupled with the electrooxidative upgrading of biomass platform molecules. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is obtained from forest waste biomass and can be selectively oxidized to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) by electrochemical pathways. FDCA is an attractive precursor to polyethylene furanoate (PEF), with the potential to replace petroleum-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET). An integrated electrochemical system can simultaneously produce H2 and FDCA at a lower energy cost than that required for electrolytic water splitting. Here, the benefits of the electrochemical production of H2 and FDCA over other production methods are presented, as well as the innovative applications of each reaction product and the advantages of carrying out both reactions in a coupled system. The recently reported progress is disclosed, through an exploration of electrocatalyst materials used in simultaneous production, including the use of nickel foams (NF) as modification substrates, noble and non-noble metals, metal non-oxides, metal oxides, spinel oxides and the introduction of oxygen vacancies. Based on the latest trends, the next challenges associated with its large-scale production are proposed for its implementation in the industrial world. This work can offer a guideline for the detailed understanding of the electrooxidation of HMF towards FDCA with the production of H2, as well as the design of advanced electrocatalysts for the sustainable use of renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Gidi
- Laboratory of Material Science, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca P.O. Box 747 Talca 3460000 Chile
| | - John Amalraj
- Laboratory of Material Science, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca P.O. Box 747 Talca 3460000 Chile
| | - Claudio Tenreiro
- Industrial Technologies Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca Curicó 3340000 Chile
| | - Galo Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Santiago 7820436 Chile
- Millenium Institute on Green Ammonia as Energy Vector (MIGA) Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul Santiago 7820436 Chile
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13
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Fredi G, Zonta E, Dussin A, Bikiaris DN, Papageorgiou GZ, Fambri L, Dorigato A. Toughening Effect of 2,5-Furandicaboxylate Polyesters on Polylactide-Based Renewable Fibers. Molecules 2023; 28:4811. [PMID: 37375367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the successful preparation and characterization of polylactide/poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PLA/PPF) and polylactide/poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PLA/PBF) blends in form of bulk and fiber samples and investigates the influence of poly(alkylene furanoate) (PAF) concentration (0 to 20 wt%) and compatibilization on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Both blend types, although immiscible, are successfully compatibilized by Joncryl (J), which improves the interfacial adhesion and reduces the size of PPF and PBF domains. Mechanical tests on bulk samples show that only PBF is able to effectively toughen PLA, as PLA/PBF blends with 5-10 wt% PBF showed a distinct yield point, remarkable necking propagation, and increased strain at break (up to 55%), while PPF did not show significant plasticizing effects. The toughening ability of PBF is attributed to its lower glass transition temperature and greater toughness than PPF. For fiber samples, increasing the PPF and PBF amount improves the elastic modulus and mechanical strength, particularly for PBF-containing fibers collected at higher take-up speeds. Remarkably, in fiber samples, plasticizing effects are observed for both PPF and PBF, with significantly higher strain at break values compared to neat PLA (up to 455%), likely due to a further microstructural homogenization, enhanced compatibility, and load transfer between PLA and PAF phases following the fiber spinning process. SEM analysis confirms the deformation of PPF domains, which is probably due to a "plastic-rubber" transition during tensile testing. The orientation and possible crystallization of PPF and PBF domains contribute to increased tensile strength and elastic modulus. This work showcases the potential of PPF and PBF in tailoring the thermo-mechanical properties of PLA in both bulk and fiber forms, expanding their applications in the packaging and textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fredi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Edoardo Zonta
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dussin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Luca Fambri
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
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14
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Gazzano M, Siracusa V, Lotti N. New Random Aromatic/Aliphatic Copolymers of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic and Camphoric Acids with Tunable Mechanical Properties and Exceptional Gas Barrier Capability for Sustainable Mono-Layered Food Packaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104056. [PMID: 37241804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High molecular weight, fully biobased random copolymers of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) containing different amounts of (1R, 3S)-(+)-Camphoric Acid (CA) have been successfully synthesized by two-stage melt polycondensation and compression molding in the form of films. The synthesized copolyesters have been first subjected to molecular characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel-permeation chromatography. Afterward, the samples have been characterized from a thermal and structural point of view by means of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and wide-angle X-ray scattering, respectively. Mechanical and barrier properties to oxygen and carbon dioxide were also tested. The results obtained revealed that chemical modification permitted a modulation of the abovementioned properties depending on the amount of camphoric co-units present in the copolymers. The outstanding functional properties promoted by camphor moieties addition could be associated with improved interchain interactions (π-π ring stacking and hydrogen bonds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity Institute, ISOF, CNR, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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15
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Bianchi E, Guidotti G, Soccio M, Siracusa V, Gazzano M, Salatelli E, Lotti N. Biobased and Compostable Multiblock Copolymer of Poly(l-lactic acid) Containing 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid for Sustainable Food Packaging: The Role of Parent Homopolymers in the Composting Kinetics and Mechanism. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:2356-2368. [PMID: 37094251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, the exponential growth in the demand of petroleum-based plastic materials, besides the extreme exploitation of nonrenewable resources, lead to the mismanagement of their disposal and to serious ecological issues related to their dispersion in the environment. Among the possible practical solutions, the design of biobased and biodegradable polymers represents one of the most innovative challenges. In such a context, the eco-design of an aromatic-aliphatic multiblock copolymer based on poly(lactic acid) and containing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid was carried out with the aim of improving the properties of poly(l-lactic acid) for sustainable packaging applications. The synthetic method followed a novel top-down approach, starting from industrial high-molecular-weight poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), which was reacted with 1,5-pentanediol to get hydroxyl-terminated PLLA and then chain-extended with hydroxyl-terminated poly(pentamethylene furanoate) (PPeF-OH). The final copolymer, called P(LLA50PeF50)-CE, was subjected to molecular, structural, and thermal characterization. Tensile and gas permeability tests were also carried out. According to the results obtained, PLLA thermal stability was improved, being the range of processing temperatures widened, and its stiffness and brittleness were decreased, making the new material suitable for the realization of films for flexible packaging. The oxygen permeability of PLLA was decreased by 40% and a similar improvement was measured also for carbon dioxide. P(LLA50PeF50)-CE was found to be completely biodegraded within 60 days of composting treatment. In terms of mechanism, the blocks of PPeF and PLLA were demonstrated to undergo surface erosion and bulk hydrolysis, respectively. In terms of kinetics, PPeF blocks degraded slower than PLLA ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Bianchi
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Guidotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Salatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy
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16
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Beppu S, Tachibana Y, Kasuya KI. Recyclable Polycarbosilane from a Biomass-Derived Bifuran-Based Monomer. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:536-542. [PMID: 37031467 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Two of the most fundamental principles for the development of next-generation polymers are production from renewable biomass and well-designed recyclability. Bifuran derivatives represent promising building blocks for functional polymers on account of their high rigidity, strong interchain interactions, and extended π-conjugation. In this study, a polycarbosilane containing a bifuran-based repeat unit was prepared via the hydrosilylation of dihydrosilylbifuran and 1,5-hexadiene. The crystallinity and thermal properties of the bifuran-containing polycarbosilane were superior to those of a corresponding polycarbosilane containing a single-furan-based repeat unit and comparable to those of the benzene-based analogue due to the rigidity and interchain interactions of the poly(bifurancarbosilane) unit. The bifuran moiety in the repeat unit causes a red-shift and strong UV absorption of the polycarbosilane compared to that containing the single-furan-based and benzene-based repeat units. The bifuran moiety also renders the resulting polycarbosilane strongly fluorescent, while the polycarbosilanes containing the benzene-based and single-furan-ring-based repeat units did not emit fluorescence. These desirable photoproperties result from the extension of the σ-π conjugation in the repeat unit. Furthermore, the chemical recyclability is a unique and attractive property of the bifuran-based polycarbosilane; upon treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, bifuran can be regenerated as the monomer, while trifluoroacetate silane can be up-cycled to the corresponding polysiloxane. Thus, the bifuran motif endows polycarbosilane with improved thermal, optical, and recycling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Beppu
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yuya Tachibana
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kasuya
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
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17
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Kwiatkowska M, Kowalczyk I, Rozwadowski Z, Piesowicz E, Szymczyk A. Hytrel-like Copolymers Based on Furan Polyester: The Effect of Poly(Butylene Furanoate) Segment on Microstructure and Mechanical/Elastic Performance. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072962. [PMID: 37049723 PMCID: PMC10095974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to compare the performance of two Hytrel-like segmented copolymers: “classic” PBT-b-PTMG and fully bio-based PBF-b-PTMG, containing poly(butylene furanoate) as the rigid segment. The idea behind this research is to assess whether the sustainable copolymers can successfully replace those “classic” once at the thermoplastic elastomers’ market. Two series of copolymers were synthesized under the same process parameters, had the same compositions, but differed in aromatic ring structure in terephthalate/furanoate unit. Furthermore, the materials were processed by injection moulding as typical Hytrel products. Then, the samples were subjected to extensive characterisation including NMR, GPC, FTIR, DSC, WAXS, DMTA, TGA techniques and mechanical tests with particular interest in the microstructure formed during processing and its effect on the copolymers’ mechanical and elastic behaviour. The detailed analysis proved that PBF-b-PTMG and PBT-b-PTMG copolymers represent two kinds of materials with similar chemical structure, some features of thermoplastic elastomers, but evident differences in their physical properties.
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18
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Zhao L, Akdim O, Huang X, Wang K, Douthwaite M, Pattisson S, Lewis RJ, Lin R, Yao B, Morgan DJ, Shaw G, He Q, Bethell D, McIntosh S, Kiely CJ, Hutchings GJ. Insights into the Effect of Metal Ratio on Cooperative Redox Enhancement Effects over Au- and Pd-Mediated Alcohol Oxidation. ACS Catal 2023; 13:2892-2903. [PMID: 36910870 PMCID: PMC9990151 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The aerobic oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes over supported heterogeneous catalysts can be considered as comprising two complementary and linked processes: dehydrogenation and oxygen reduction. Significant rate enhancements can be observed when these processes are catalyzed by independent active sites, coupled by electron transport between the two catalysts. This effect, termed cooperative redox enhancement (CORE), could significantly influence how researchers approach catalyst design, but a greater understanding of the factors which influence it is required. Herein, we demonstrate that the Au/Pd ratio used in physical mixtures of monometallic catalysts and phase-separated Au and Pd bimetallic catalysts dramatically influences the degree to which CORE effects can promote alcohol oxidation. Perhaps more interestingly, the roles of Au and Pd in this coupled system are determined to be interchangeable. Preliminarily, we hypothesize that this is attributed to the relative rates of the coupled reactions and demonstrate how physical properties can influence this. This deeper understanding of the factors which influence CORE is an important development in bimetallic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Max
Planck- Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis
FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Ouardia Akdim
- Max
Planck- Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis
FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Xiaoyang Huang
- Max
Planck- Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis
FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Kai Wang
- Max
Planck- Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis
FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Mark Douthwaite
- Max
Planck- Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis
FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Samuel Pattisson
- Max
Planck- Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis
FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Max
Planck- Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis
FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Runjia Lin
- Max
Planck- Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis
FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Bingqing Yao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077 Singapore
| | - David J. Morgan
- Max
Planck- Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis
FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Greg Shaw
- Max
Planck- Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis
FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Qian He
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077 Singapore
| | - Donald Bethell
- Max
Planck- Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis
FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Steven McIntosh
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Christopher J. Kiely
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh
University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Graham J. Hutchings
- Max
Planck- Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis
FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
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19
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Solvent-Assisted Adsorption of Cellulose on a Carbon Catalyst as a Pretreatment Method for Hydrolysis to Glucose. CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose hydrolysis to glucose using a heterogeneous catalyst is a necessary step in producing bio-based chemicals and polymers. The requirement for energy-intensive pretreatments, such as ball milling, to increase the reactivity of cellulose is one of the major issues in this area. Here, we show that by using solvent-assisted adsorption as a pretreatment step, cellulose can be adsorbed on the surface of a carbon catalyst. For adsorption pretreatment, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) performed better than other solvents such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4), tetrabutylammonium fluoride/dimethyl sulfoxide (TBAF/DMSO) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMMI]Cl). Hydrolysis after the adsorption of cellulose and the removal of H3PO4 produced a 73% yield of glucose. Partial hydrolysis of cellulose in H3PO4 before adsorption increased the final glucose yield. The glucose yield was proportional to the number of weakly acidic functional groups on the carbon catalyst, indicating the reaction was heterogeneously catalyzed. In a preliminary lab-scale life-cycle analysis (LCA), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per kg of glucose produced through the hydrolysis of cellulose were calculated. The H3PO4-assisted adsorption notably reduces GHG emissions compared to the previously reported ball milling pretreatment.
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20
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Wu X, De bruyn M, Trimmel G, Zangger K, Barta K. High-Performance Thermoplastics from a Unique Bicyclic Lignin-Derived Diol. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:2819-2829. [PMID: 36844751 PMCID: PMC9945171 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyesters are an important class of thermoplastic polymers, and there is a clear demand to find high-performing, recyclable, and renewable alternatives. In this contribution, we describe a range of fully bio-based polyesters obtained upon the polycondensation of the lignin-derived bicyclic diol 4,4'-methylenebiscyclohexanol (MBC) with various cellulose-derived diesters. Interestingly, the use of MBC in combination with either dimethyl terephthalate (DMTA) or dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DMFD) resulted in polymers with industrially relevant glass transition temperatures in the 103-142 °C range and high decomposition temperatures (261-365 °C range). Since MBC is obtained as a mixture of three distinct isomers, in-depth NMR-based structural characterization of the MBC isomers and thereof derived polymers is provided. Moreover, a practical method for the separation of all MBC isomers is presented. Interestingly, clear effects on the glass transition, melting, and decomposition temperatures, as well as polymer solubility, were evidenced with the use of isomerically pure MBC. Importantly, the polyesters can be efficiently depolymerized by methanolysis with an MBC diol recovery yield of up to 90%. The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of the recovered MBC into two high-performance specific jet fuel additives was demonstrated as an attractive end-of-life option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wu
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario De bruyn
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Zangger
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katalin Barta
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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21
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Paszkiewicz S, Walkowiak K, Irska I, Zubkiewicz A, Figiel P, Gorący K, El Fray M. Furan-based copoly(ester-ethers) and copoly(ester-amide-ethers). Comparison study on the phase structure, mechanical and thermal properties. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Paszkiewicz S, Irska I, Zubkiewicz A, Walkowiak K, Rozwadowski Z, Dryzek J, Linares A, Nogales A, Ezquerra TA. Supramolecular structure, relaxation behavior and free volume of bio-based poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)- block-poly(caprolactone) copolyesters. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:959-972. [PMID: 36633480 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01359b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a fully plant-based sustainable copolyester series, namely poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)-block-poly(caprolactone)s (PBF-block-PCL)s were successfully synthesized by melt polycondensation combining butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate with polycaprolactone diol (PCL) at different weight ratios. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that only PBF underwent melting, crystallization from the melt, and cold crystallization. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed outstanding thermal stability, exceeding 305 °C, with further improvement in thermal and thermo-oxidative stability with increasing PCL content. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) revealed that at low temperatures, below the glass transition (Tg) all copolyesters exhibited two relaxation processes (β1 and β2), whereas the homopolymer PBF exhibited a single β-relaxation, which is associated with local dynamics of the different chemical bonds present in the polymer chain. Additionally, it was proved that an increase in PCL content affected the dynamics of the chain making it more flexible, thus providing an increase in the value of the room temperature free volume fractions (fv) and the value of elongation at break. These effects are accompanied by a decrease in hardness, Young's modulus, and tensile strength. The described synthesis enables a facile approach to obtain novel fully multiblock biobased copolyesters based on PBF and PCL polyesters with potential industrial implementation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Paszkiewicz
- Department of Materials Technologies, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastow 19, PL-70310 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Irska
- Department of Materials Technologies, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastow 19, PL-70310 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agata Zubkiewicz
- Department of Physics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastow 48, PL-70311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Konrad Walkowiak
- Department of Materials Technologies, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastow 19, PL-70310 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Rozwadowski
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastów 42, PL-71065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Dryzek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAS, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Cracow, Poland
| | - Amelia Linares
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Aurora Nogales
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Tiberio A Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
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23
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Mechanical Behaviour and Induced Microstructural Development upon Simultaneous and Balanced Biaxial Stretching of Poly(ethylene furandicarboxylate), PEF. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030661. [PMID: 36771961 PMCID: PMC9919262 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The biaxial behavior of PEF has been analyzed for equilibrated and simultaneous biaxial stretching. The ability of PEF to develop an organized microstructure through strain induced crystallization (SIC) has been described. Upon biaxial stretching, SIC can be difficult to perform because the stretching is performed in two perpendicular directions. However, thanks to the time/temperature superposition principle and an accurate heating protocol, relevant stretching settings have been chosen to stretch the material in its rubbery-like state and to reach high levels of deformation. By the protocol applied, the mechanical behavior is easily transposable to the industry. This work has shown that PEF can, as in uniaxial stretching, develop well-organized crystals and a defined microstructure upon biaxial stretching. This microstructure allows the obtention of improved mechanical properties and thermal stability of the biaxially stretched samples. The crystals induced upon biaxial stretching are similar to the one that has been developed and observed after uniaxial stretching and upon static crystallization. Moreover, the furan cycles seem to appear in a state similar to the one of a sample crystallized upon quiescent condition. The rigidity is increased, and the α-relaxation temperature is increased by 15 °C.
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Wang C, Chen M, Jiang Z, Qiu Z. Synthesis, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Fully Biobased Poly (hexamethylene succinate- co-2,5-furandicarboxylate) Copolyesters. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020427. [PMID: 36679305 PMCID: PMC9866186 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (hexamethylene succinate) (PHS) is a biobased and biodegradable polyester. In this research, two fully biobased high-molecular-weight poly (hexamethylene succinate-co-2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PHSF) copolyesters with low hexamethylene furandicarboxylate (HF) unit contents (about 5 and 10 mol%) were successfully synthesized through a two-step transesterification/esterification and polycondensation method. The basic thermal behavior, crystal structure, isothermal crystallization kinetics, melting behavior, thermal stability, and tensile mechanical property of PHSF copolyesters were studied in detail and compared with those of PHS. PHSF showed a decrease in the melt crystallization temperature, melting temperature, and equilibrium melting temperature while showing a slight increase in the glass transition temperature and thermal decomposition temperature. PHSF copolyesters displayed the same crystal structure as PHS. Compared with PHS, PHSF copolyesters showed the improved mechanical property. The presence of about 10 mol% of HF unit increased the tensile strength from 12.9 ± 0.9 MPa for PHS to 39.2 ± 0.8 MPa; meanwhile, the elongation at break also increased from 498.5 ± 4.78% to 1757.6 ± 6.1%.
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25
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Gálvez O, Toledano O, Hermoso FJ, Linares A, Sanz M, Rebollar E, Nogales A, García-Gutiérrez MC, Santoro G, Irska I, Paszkiewicz S, Szymczyk A, Ezquerra TA. Inter and intra molecular dynamics in Poly(trimethylene 2,5-furanoate) as revealed by infrared and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopies. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Pan S, Jiang Z, Qiu Z. Crystallization and mechanical property of fully biobased poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)/cellulose nanocrystals composites. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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27
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Poulopoulou N, Nikolaidis GN, Efstathiadou VL, Kapnisti M, Papageorgiou GZ. Blending as a process for controlling the properties of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF): Fully biobased PEF/PBF blends. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Bouyahya C, Bikiaris ND, Zamboulis A, Kyritsis A, Majdoub M, Klonos PA. Crystallization and molecular mobility in renewable semicrystalline copolymers based on polycaprolactone and polyisosorbide. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:9216-9230. [PMID: 36426754 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01198k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel block copolymers based on two biodegradable polymers, poly(ε-caprolactone), PCL, and poly(isosorbide), PIS, with PIS fractions 5, 10, and 25 wt%, are studied herein. The aim is to assess the effects of the amorphous PIS phase on the properties of the semicrystalline PCL (majority), in addition to the synthesis strategy. The latter involved the polymerization of caprolactone onto initial PIS of low molar mass, resulting, thus, in gradually shorter PCL blocks when the starting amount of PIS is increased. The structure-property relationship investigation, with an emphasis on molecular mobility and crystallization, involves the following sum of complementary techniques: differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric spectroscopy, polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The molecular mobility map for these PCL/PIS and initial PIS is drawn here for the first time. Despite the high glass transition temperature of PIS (Tg ∼ 51 °C) compared to that of PCL (-66 °C), the Tg of the copolymers barely changes, as it is mainly ruled by crystallinity. The latter seems to be facilitated in the copolymers, in both the amount and the rate. The local molecular mobility of PCL and PCL/PIS consists of faster γPCL relaxation which is unaffected in the copolymers, whereas the slower βPCL process arising from the backbone ester group rotation exhibits a systematic deceleration in the presence of PIS. A connection between such local motions and the corresponding segmental α relaxation, observed previously in other polyesters, is also found to be true here. Apart from that, the dielectric Tg as well as the cooperativity of the polymer chains drop moderately, which indicates spatial confinement between the PCL crystals, whereas correlations with the looser lamellar chain packing within the spherulites are gained. The relaxations of initial PIS, i.e., γPIS, βPIS and αPIS, could not be resolved within the copolymers. Along with other properties, such as ionic conductivity, we conclude to the homogeneity of our systems, with sufficient PCL/PIS distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Bouyahya
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Nikolaos D Bikiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Mustapha Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Panagiotis A Klonos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
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Wang Q, Wang J, Dong Y, Zhang X, Hu H, OYoung L, Hu D, Zhu J. Synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid-based biodegradable copolyesters with excellent gas barrier properties composed of various aliphatic diols. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Wang G, Dong Y, Hao X, Zhang L, Chi X. Bio-based poly(decylene terephthalate-co-decylene furandicarboxylate)s derived from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA): Synthesis and properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Blending PLA with Polyesters Based on 2,5-Furan Dicarboxylic Acid: Evaluation of Physicochemical and Nanomechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214725. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a readily available, compostable biobased polyester with high strength and toughness, and it is excellent for 3D printing applications. Polymer blending is an economic and easy way to improve its properties, such as its slow degradation and crystallization rates and its small elongation, and thus, make it more versatile. In this work, the effects of different 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA)-based polyesters on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of PLA were studied. Poly(butylene furan 2,5-dicarboxylate) (PBF) and its copolymers with poly(butylene adipate) (PBAd) were synthesized in various comonomer ratios and were blended with 70 wt% PLA using melt compounding. The thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of the blends are investigated. All blends were immiscible, and the presence of the dispersed phases improved the crystallization ability of PLA. Mechanical testing revealed the plasticization of PLA after blending, and a small but measurable mass loss after burying in soil for 7 months. Reactive blending was evaluated as a compatibilizer-free method to improve miscibility, and it was found that when the thermal stability of the blend components allowed it, some transesterification reactions occurred between the PLA matrix and the FDCA-based dispersed phase after 20 min at 250 °C.
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Mao HI, Yang ZY, Chen CW, Rwei SP. Bio-based poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate- co-2,6-naphthalate) copolyesters: a study of thermal, mechanical, and gas-barrier properties. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7631-7641. [PMID: 36168773 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00689h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-2,6-naphthalate) copolyesters were synthesized using various amounts of poly(hexylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PHF) and poly(hexylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PHN) via melt polymerization. The effects of introducing 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDCA) on the thermal, mechanical, and gas-barrier properties were investigated. When the NDCA content was less than 30 mol%, the temperatures of crystallization (Tc) and melting (Tm) decreased as the amount of NDCA was increased owing to disturbance of the polymer-chain regularity. When the NDCA content was above 50 mol%, the Tc and Tm of the materials increased as the NDCA content was increased, showing that the dominant crystallization behavior varied from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid to NDCA. Hence, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased as the NDCA content was increased, which was attributed to the incorporation of NDCA with a more rigid naphthalate structure compared with the furan ring. The gas-barrier properties of the samples were observed to improve with the introduction of NDCA; this tendency could be explained by the β-relaxation behavior and free volume values of the samples in the amorphous state. The activation energy (Ea) of β-relaxation increased with the NDCA content, indicating that higher amounts of energy were needed to trigger the onset of long-range molecular motions. Free-volume calculations of the polymer structure showed that the introduction of NDCA hindered the space for gas penetration. For these reasons, the gas-barrier properties were improved and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-I Mao
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road., Taipei, 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Yu Yang
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road., Taipei, 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Wen Chen
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road., Taipei, 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Syang-Peng Rwei
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road., Taipei, 10608, Taiwan.
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Chen YL, Mu YS, He ZJ, Pu XM, Wang DQ, Zhou M, Yang LP. New bio-based polyester with excellent spinning performance: poly(tetrahydrofuran dimethanol- co-ethylene terephthalate). RSC Adv 2022; 12:29516-29524. [PMID: 36320739 PMCID: PMC9562050 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04484f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With the excessive consumption of fossil energy, technologies that transform bio-based resources into materials have received more and more attention from researchers in recent decades. In this paper, a series of poly(ethylene 2,5-tetrahydrofuran dimethyl terephthalate; PEFTs) with different components were synthesized from 2,5-tetrahydrofuran dimethanol (THFDM), terephthalic acid (TPA), and ethylene glycol (EG). Their chemical structures and compositions were determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. With the increase in THFDM content, the crystallization, T m, and tensile strength of PEFTs gradually decrease because the introduced THFDM breaks the order of molecular chains, while the thermal stability and T g remain stable. PEFTs seem to present a significant shear thinning phenomenon, which was indicated by the rheological test. Electrospinning technology was used to explore the spinnability of PEFT; it was found that PEFTs have better spinning performance than PET. In addition, due to the good hydrophobicity and porosity of PEFT nanofiber films, they have potential application value in the manufacture of hydrophobic nanofiber and filter films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Yue-Song Mu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Ze-Jian He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ming Pu
- Wankai New Material Co., Ltd. Haining 314415 China
| | - Dong-Qi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Wankai New Material Co., Ltd. Haining 314415 China
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Graphene Nanoplatelets' Effect on the Crystallization, Glass Transition, and Nanomechanical Behavior of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) Nanocomposites. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196653. [PMID: 36235190 PMCID: PMC9571983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) nanocomposites reinforced with various content of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were synthesized in situ in this work. PEF is a widely known biobased polyester with promising physical properties and is considered as the sustainable counterpart of PET. Despite its exceptional gas barrier and mechanical properties, PEF presents with a low crystallization rate. In this context, a small number of GNPs were incorporated into the material to facilitate the nucleation and overall crystallization of the matrix. Kinetic analysis of both the cold and melt crystallization processes of the prepared materials was achieved by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The prepared materials’ isothermal crystallization from the glass and melt states was studied using the Avrami and Hoffman–Lauritzen theories. The Dobreva method was applied for the non-isothermal DSC measurements to calculate the nucleation efficiency of the GNPs on the PEF matrix. Furthermore, Vyazovkin’s isoconversional method was employed to estimate the effective activation energy values of the amorphous materials’ glass transition. Finally, the nanomechanical properties of the amorphous and semicrystalline PEF materials were evaluated via nanoindentation measurements. It is shown that the GNPs facilitate the crystallization process through heterogeneous nucleation and, at the same time, improve the nanomechanical behavior of PEF, with the semicrystalline samples presenting with the larger enhancements.
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35
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Synthesis and characterization of novel potentially biodegradable aromatic polyesters consisting of divanillic acids with free phenolic hydroxyl groups. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Compatibilization of Polylactide/Poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PLA/PEF) Blends for Sustainable and Bioderived Packaging. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196371. [PMID: 36234907 PMCID: PMC9572422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advantages of polylactide (PLA), its inadequate UV-shielding and gas-barrier properties undermine its wide application as a flexible packaging film for perishable items. These issues are addressed in this work by investigating the properties of melt-mixed, fully bioderived blends of polylactide (PLA) and poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF), as a function of the PEF weight fraction (1–30 wt %) and the amount of the commercial compatibilizer/chain extender Joncryl ADR 4468 (J, 0.25–1 phr). J mitigates the immiscibility of the two polymer phases by decreasing and homogenizing the PEF domain size; for the blend containing 10 wt % of PEF, the PEF domain size drops from 0.67 ± 0.46 µm of the uncompatibilized blend to 0.26 ± 0.14 with 1 phr of J. Moreover, the increase in the complex viscosity of PLA and PLA/PEF blends with the J content evidences the effectiveness of J as a chain extender. This dual positive contribution of J is reflected in the mechanical properties of PLA/PEF blends. Whereas the uncompatibilized blend with 10 wt % of PEF shows lower mechanical performance than neat PLA, all the compatibilized blends show higher tensile strength and strain at break, while retaining their high elastic moduli. The effects of PEF on the UV- and oxygen-barrier properties of PLA are also remarkable. Adding only 1 wt % of PEF makes the blend an excellent barrier for UV rays, with the transmittance at 320 nm dropping from 52.8% of neat PLA to 0.4% of the sample with 1 wt % PEF, while keeping good transparency in the visible region. PEF is also responsible for a sensible decrease in the oxygen transmission rate, which decreases from 189 cc/m2·day for neat PLA to 144 cc/m2·day with only 1 wt % of PEF. This work emphasizes the synergistic effects of PEF and J in enhancing the thermal, mechanical, UV-shielding, and gas-barrier properties of PLA, which results in bioderived blends that are very promising for packaging applications.
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37
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Effective oxidative esterification of 5–hydroxymethylfurfural over a N-doped biomass-based carbon supported cobalt catalyst. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Hofmann M, Garrido M, Machado M, Correia JR, Bordado JC. Development of high‐performance partially biobased thermoset polyester using renewable building blocks from isosorbide, 1,3‐propanediol, and fumaric acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Hofmann
- Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability Instituto Superior Técnico Lisbon Portugal
| | - Mário Garrido
- Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability Instituto Superior Técnico Lisbon Portugal
| | - Marina Machado
- Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability Instituto Superior Técnico Lisbon Portugal
| | - João R Correia
- Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability Instituto Superior Técnico Lisbon Portugal
| | - João C Bordado
- Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente Instituto Superior Técnico Lisbon Portugal
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39
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Li Y, Ma X, Lv W, Chen H, Yu L, Ma Z, Wang S, Li Y. Efficient Selective Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural with Oxygen over a ZnCrAl Mixed Oxide Catalyst Derived from Hydrotalcite-like Precursor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Xueli Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Wei Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Linhao Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Zewei Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Yongdan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo02150, Finland
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40
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Li N, Zong MH. (Chemo)biocatalytic Upgrading of Biobased Furanic Platforms to Chemicals, Fuels, and Materials: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
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41
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Poly(ethylene furanoate-co-ethylene vanillate) biobased copolymers: Impact of the incorporation of vanillic acid units in poly(ethylene furanoate). Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Fabris C, Perin D, Fredi G, Rigotti D, Bortolotti M, Pegoretti A, Xanthopoulou E, Bikiaris DN, Dorigato A. Improving the Wet-Spinning and Drawing Processes of Poly(lactide)/Poly(ethylene furanoate) and Polylactide/Poly(dodecamethylene furanoate) Fiber Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142910. [PMID: 35890686 PMCID: PMC9322962 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to produce poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(alkylene furanoate)s (PAF)s fiber blends for textile applications and evaluates their microstructural, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The work focuses on two PAFs with very different alkyl chain lengths, i.e., poly(ethylene 2,5−furandicarboxylate) (PEF) and poly(dodecamethylene 2,5−furandicarboxylate) (PDoF), which were blended in solution at various concentrations (in the range 2.5–10 wt %) with PLA, wet spun, and subsequently drawn. Light optical micrographs highlight that PLA/PEF blends present large and concentrate PEF domains, whereas PLA/PDoF blends show small and homogeneously distributed PDoF domains. The blends appear to be immiscible, which is confirmed also by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier−Transform Infrared (FT−IR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) highlights that the addition of the PAFs improves the thermal stability of the fibers. The drawing process, which was carried out at 80 °C with a heat setting step at 95 °C and at three draw ratios, improves the mechanical properties of the fibers upon the addition of the PAFs. The results obtained in this study are promising and may serve as a basis for future investigations on these novel bio−based fiber blends, which can contribute to increase the environmental sustainability of industrial textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fabris
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (C.F.); (D.R.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Davide Perin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (C.F.); (D.R.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (G.F.); Tel.: +39-0461283943 (G.F.)
| | - Giulia Fredi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (C.F.); (D.R.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (G.F.); Tel.: +39-0461283943 (G.F.)
| | - Daniele Rigotti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (C.F.); (D.R.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Mauro Bortolotti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (C.F.); (D.R.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandro Pegoretti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (C.F.); (D.R.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Eleftheria Xanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.X.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.X.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (C.F.); (D.R.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (A.D.)
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43
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Zhang W, Wang Q, Wang G, Liu S. Synthesis and characterization of bio‐based poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate)‐b‐poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chengdu China
- Department of Materials Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qingyin Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chengdu China
| | - Gongying Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chengdu China
| | - Shaoying Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chengdu China
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44
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Zuo X, Venkitasubramanian P, Martin KJ, Subramaniam B. Facile Production of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid via Oxidation of Industrially Sourced Crude 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102050. [PMID: 34913609 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) produces value-added chemicals such as 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). In this work, FDCA production was achieved by oxidation of crude HMF solution containing around 45 % HMF and unwanted byproducts such as 5,5'-[oxy-bis(methylene)]bis-2-furfural (HMF dimer) and polymers. At optimized reaction conditions similar to the Mid-Century process, homogeneous oxidation of the crude HMF (up to 20 wt% in the feed) by Co/Mn/Br catalyst in acetic acid solution produced FDCA at >95 % yield. The solid FDCA product contained <4000 ppm 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFCA). Such high yields were observed because the impurities in crude HMF were also converted to FDCA, as confirmed by the facile oxidation of HMF dimer to FDCA under reaction conditions. The successful demonstration of crude HMF as feed, obviating the need for HMF purification, suggests potential for cost-effectively producing FDCA in existing terephthalic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zuo
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
- Current address: School of Arts and Sciences, Ottawa University, Ottawa, KS, 66067
| | | | - Kevin J Martin
- Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Company, Decatur, Illinois, 62521, USA
| | - Bala Subramaniam
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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45
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Wu X, Galkin MV, Stern T, Sun Z, Barta K. Fully lignocellulose-based PET analogues for the circular economy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3376. [PMID: 35697677 PMCID: PMC9192716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate is one of the most abundantly used polymers, but also a significant pollutant in oceans. Due to growing environmental concerns, polyethylene terephthalate alternatives are highly sought after. Here we present readily recyclable polyethylene terephthalate analogues, made entirely from woody biomass. Central to the concept is a two-step noble metal free catalytic sequence (Cu20-PMO catalyzed reductive catalytic fractionation and Raney Ni mediated catalytic funneling) that allows for obtaining a single aliphatic diol 4-(3-hydroxypropyl) cyclohexan-1-ol in high isolated yield (11.7 wt% on lignin basis), as well as other product streams that are converted to fuels, achieving a total carbon yield of 29.5%. The diol 4-(3-hydroxypropyl) cyclohexan-1-ol is co-polymerized with methyl esters of terephthalic acid and furan dicarboxylic acid, both of which can be derived from the cellulose residues, to obtain polyesters with competitive Mw and thermal properties (Tg of 70-90 °C). The polymers show excellent chemical recyclability in methanol and are thus promising candidates for the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim V Galkin
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Stern
- University of Graz, Institute of Systems Sciences, Innovation and Sustainability Research, Merangasse 18/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Zhuohua Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Katalin Barta
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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46
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Walkowiak K, Irska I, Zubkiewicz A, Dryzek J, Paszkiewicz S. The Properties of Poly(ester amide)s Based on Dimethyl 2,5-Furanedicarboxylate as a Function of Methylene Sequence Length in Polymer Backbone. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112295. [PMID: 35683967 PMCID: PMC9182615 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of poly(ester amide)s based on dimethyl furan 2,5-dicarboxylate (DMFDC), 1,3-propanediol (PDO), 1,6-hexylene glycol (HDO), and 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) were synthesized via two-step melt polycondensation. The phase transition temperatures and structure of the polymers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) measurement was carried out to investigate the free volume. In addition, the mechanical properties of two series of poly(ester amide)s were analyzed. The increase in the number of methylene groups in the polymer backbone resulted in a decrease in the values of the transition temperatures. Depending on the number of methylene groups and the content of the poly(propylene furanamide) (PPAF), both semi-crystalline and amorphous copolymers were obtained. The free volume value increased with a greater number of methylene groups in the polymer backbone. Moreover, with a lower number of methylene groups, the value of the Young modulus and stress at break increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Walkowiak
- Department of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, PL 70310 Szczecin, Poland; (I.I.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-449-45-89
| | - Izabela Irska
- Department of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, PL 70310 Szczecin, Poland; (I.I.); (S.P.)
| | - Agata Zubkiewicz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, PL 70311 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Dryzek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31342 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Sandra Paszkiewicz
- Department of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, PL 70310 Szczecin, Poland; (I.I.); (S.P.)
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47
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Schirmeister CG, Mülhaupt R. Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200247. [PMID: 35635841 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Today, plastics are ubiquitous in everyday life, problem solvers of modern technologies, and crucial for sustainable development. Yet the surge in global demand for plastics of the growing world population has triggered a tidal wave of plastic debris in the environment. Moving from a linear to a zero-waste and carbon-neutral circular plastic economy is vital for the future of the planet. Taming the plastic waste flood requires closing the carbon loop through plastic reuse, mechanical and molecular recycling, carbon capture, and use of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In the quest for eco-friendly products, plastics do not need to be reinvented but tuned for reuse and recycling. Their full potential must be exploited regarding energy, resource, and eco efficiency, waste prevention, circular economy, climate change mitigation, and lowering environmental pollution. Biodegradation holds promise for composting and bio-feedstock recovery, but it is neither the Holy Grail of circular plastics economy nor a panacea for plastic littering. As an alternative to mechanical downcycling, molecular recycling enables both closed-loop recovery of virgin plastics and open-loop valorization, producing hydrogen, fuels, refinery feeds, lubricants, chemicals, and carbonaceous materials. Closing the carbon loop does not create a Perpetuum Mobile and requires renewable energy to achieve sustainability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Schirmeister
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Sustainability Center, University of Freiburg, Ecker-Str. 4, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
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48
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Fei X, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang J, Liu X. Synthesis of a fire-retardant and high Tg biobased polyester from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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A proposal for enhanced microstructural development of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate), PEF, upon stretching: On strain-induced crystallization and amorphous phase stability improvement. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Righetti MC, Vannini M, Celli A, Cangialosi D, Marega C. Bio-based semi-crystalline PEF: Temperature dependence of the constrained amorphous interphase and amorphous chain mobility in relation to crystallization. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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