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Khan J, An H, Alam S, Kalsoom S, Huan Chen S, Ayano Begeno T, Du Z. Smart colorimetric indicator films prepared from chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol with high mechanical strength and hydrophobic properties for monitoring shrimp freshness. Food Chem 2024; 445:138784. [PMID: 38387319 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This work aimed to develop and characterize a colorimetric indicator films based on chitosan (CS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and shikonin (SKN) from radix Lithospermi by casting method. The prepared films can serve as smart packaging for monitoring shrimp freshness which having excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The shikonin containing films have better hydrophobicity, barrier properties, and tensile strength. The release kinetics analysis shows that the loading amount causes a prolonged release of SKN from the prepared films. Increasing SKN in the CS/PVA film from 1 wt% to 2 wt% improved antibacterial effect for 24 h. Additionally, pH-sensitive color shifts from reddish (pH 2) to purple-bluish (pH 13) were visually seen in shikonin based solutions as well as films. The CS/PVA/SKN film detected shrimp deterioration at three temperatures (25, -20, and 4 °C) through color change. This study introduces a favorable approach for smart packaging in the food industry using multifunctional films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehangir Khan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyue An
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shah Alam
- Department of Entomology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kalsoom
- Department of Chemistry, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shu Huan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Teshale Ayano Begeno
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxia Du
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Ibrahim AG, Hamodin AG, Fouda A, Eid AM, Elgammal WE. Fabrication and characterization of a new eco-friendly sulfonamide-chitosan derivative with enhanced antimicrobial and selective cytotoxicity properties. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10228. [PMID: 38702418 PMCID: PMC11068750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CH) exhibits low antimicrobial activity. This study addresses this issue by modifying the chitosan with a sulfonamide derivative, 3-(4-(N,N-dimethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acrylic acid. The structure of the sulfonamide-chitosan derivative (DMS-CH) was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Nuclear magnetic resonance. The results of scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction indicated that the morphology changed to a porous nature, the thermal stability decreased, and the crystallinity increased in the DMS-CH derivative compared to chitosan, respectively. The degree of substitution was calculated from the elemental analysis data and was found to be moderate (42%). The modified chitosan exhibited enhanced antimicrobial properties at low concentrations, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 µg/mL observed for B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa, and a value of 25 µg/mL for S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. In the case of native chitosan, the MIC values doubled or more, with 50 µg/mL recorded for E. coli and C. albicans and 100 μg/mL recorded for B. subtilis, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, toxicological examinations conducted on MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines demonstrated that DMS-CH exhibited greater toxicity (IC50 = 225.47 μg/mL) than pure CH, while still maintaining significant safety limits against normal lung fibroblasts (WI-38). Collectively, these results suggest the potential use of the newly modified chitosan in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, El-Nasr Road, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed G Hamodin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, El-Nasr Road, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid E Elgammal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, El-Nasr Road, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
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Nirmal N, Demir D, Ceylan S, Ahmad S, Goksen G, Koirala P, Bono G. Polysaccharides from shell waste of shellfish and their applications in the cosmeceutical industry: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131119. [PMID: 38522682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Shell waste from shellfish processing contains valuable natural polysaccharides, including sulfated polysaccharides, acidic polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, chitin and their derivatives. These shellfish waste-derived polysaccharides have numerous functional and biological properties that can be applied in various industries, including the cosmeceutical industry. In keeping with global sustainability and green industry trends, the cosmeceuticals industry is transitioning from petrochemical-based ingredients to natural substitutes. In this context, shell waste-derived polysaccharides and their derivatives can play a major role as natural substitutes for petroleum-based components in various cosmeceutical skincare, hair care, oral care and body care products. This review focuses on the presence of polysaccharides and their derivatives in shell waste and discusses their various cosmeceutical applications in skin care, hair care, sun care, oral care and body care products. This indicates that shell waste utilization will help create a circular economy in which extracted polysaccharides are used to produce green cosmeceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Didem Demir
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100 Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Seda Ceylan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, 01250 Adana, Türkiye
| | - Sameer Ahmad
- Food Technology Department, Jamia Hamdard, G782+55X, Mehrauli - Badarpur Rd, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110062, India
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100 Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Pankaj Koirala
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Gioacchino Bono
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Via L. Vaccara 61, 91026 Mazara del Vallo, TP, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Nair R, Paul P, Maji I, Gupta U, Mahajan S, Aalhate M, Guru SK, Singh PK. Exploring the current landscape of chitosan-based hybrid nanoplatforms as cancer theragnostic. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121644. [PMID: 38142105 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, investigators have put significant efforts to develop several diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against cancer. Many novel nanoplatforms, including lipidic, metallic, and inorganic nanocarriers, have shown massive potential at preclinical and clinical stages for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Each of these nano-systems is distinct with its own benefits and limitations. The need to overcome the limitations of single-component nano-systems, improve their morphological and biological features, and achieve multiple functionalities has resulted in the emergence of hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs). These HNPs integrate multicomponent nano-systems with diagnostic and therapeutic functions into a single nano-system serving as promising nanotools for cancer theragnostic applications. Chitosan (CS) being a mucoadhesive, biodegradable, and biocompatible biopolymer, has emerged as an essential element for the development of HNPs offering several advantages over conventional nanoparticles including pH-dependent drug delivery, sustained drug release, and enhanced nanoparticle stability. In addition, the free protonable amino groups in the CS backbone offer flexibility to its structure, making it easy for the modification and functionalization of CS, resulting in better drug targetability and cell uptake. This review discusses in detail the existing different oncology-directed CS-based HNPs including their morphological characteristics, in-vitro/in-vivo outcomes, toxicity concerns, hurdles in clinical translation, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Priti Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Indrani Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Ujala Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Srushti Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Mayur Aalhate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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Laurén I, Farzan A, Teotia A, Lindfors NC, Seppälä J. Direct ink writing of biocompatible chitosan/non-isocyanate polyurethane/cellulose nanofiber hydrogels for wound-healing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129321. [PMID: 38218294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The demand for new biocompatible and 3D printable materials for biomedical applications is on the rise. Ideally, such materials should exhibit either biodegradability or recyclability, possess antibacterial properties, and demonstrate remarkable biocompatibility with no cytotoxic effects. In this research, we synthesized biocompatible and 3D printable hydrogels tailored for biomedical applications, such as wound healing films, by combining antibacterial double-quaternized chitosan (DQC) with cystamine-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU-Cys) - a material renowned for enhancing both the flexibility and mechanical properties of the hydrogels. To improve the rheological behavior, swelling attributes, and printability, cellulose nanofibrils were introduced into the matrix. We investigated the impact of DQC on degradability, swelling capacity, rheological behavior, printability, and cell biocompatibility. The slightly cytotoxic nature associated with quaternary chitosan was evaluated, and the optimal concentration of DQC in the hydrogel was determined to ensure biocompatibility. The resulting hydrogels were found to be suitable materials for 3D printing via a direct ink writing technique (DIW), producing porous, biocompatible hydrogels endowed with valuable attributes suitable for various wound-healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Laurén
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Afsoon Farzan
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Arun Teotia
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Nina C Lindfors
- Department of Hand Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
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6
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Lunkov AP, Zubareva AA, Varlamov VP, Nechaeva AM, Drozd NN. Chemical modification of chitosan for developing of new hemostatic materials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127608. [PMID: 37879584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled bleeding that occurs during surgery, trauma, and in combat conditions is critical and require immediate action. Chitosan is a polysaccharide, obtained from natural sources with unique biological properties. It is often used as basis for local hemostatic agents (LHA). We summarized the data on hemostatic properties of chitosan, commercially available chitosan-based products with focus in the field of chemical modification of chitosan. Various approaches are used to enhance hemostatic activity of chitosan-based materials. The approach with chemical modification of chitosan allows changing the properties of the polymer in order to obtain an active macromolecule that contributes to hemostasis. Ongoing research on the mechanism of interaction with blood components in the case of different chitosan derivatives will make it possible to identify promising directions for chemical modification to obtain an effective LHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Lunkov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - A A Zubareva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - V P Varlamov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - A M Nechaeva
- Department of Biomaterials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - N N Drozd
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow 125167, Russia
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7
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Borandeh S, Laurén I, Teotia A, Niskanen J, Seppälä J. Dual functional quaternary chitosans with thermoresponsive behavior: structure-activity relationships in antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11300-11309. [PMID: 37953644 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02066e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Cationically modified chitosan derivatives exhibit a range of appealing characteristics, with a particular emphasis on their antimicrobial potential across a broad spectrum of biomedical applications. This study aimed to delve deeper into quaternary chitosan (QC) derivatives. Through the synthesis of both homogeneously and heterogeneously dual-quaternized chitosan (DQC), utilizing AETMAC ([2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]-trimethylammonium chloride) and GTMAC (glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride), a permanent charge was established, spanning a wide pH range. We assessed structural differences, the type of quaternary functional group, molecular weight (Mw), and charge density. Intriguingly, an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior was observed in AETMAC-functionalized QC. To our knowledge, it is a novel discovery in cationically functionalized chitosan. These materials demonstrated excellent antimicrobial efficacy against model test organisms E. coli and P. syringae. Furthermore, we detected concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. Striking a balance between antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity becomes a crucial factor in application feasibility. AETMAC-functionalized chitosan emerges as the top performer in terms of overall antibacterial effectiveness, possibly owing to factors like molecular weight, charge characteristics, and variations in the quaternary linker. Quaternary chitosan derivatives, with their excellent antibacterial attributes, hold significant promise as antibacterial or sanitizing agents, as well as across a broad spectrum of biomedical and environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Borandeh
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Isabella Laurén
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Arun Teotia
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Jukka Niskanen
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
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Li M, Liu Y, Gong Y, Yan X, Wang L, Zheng W, Ai H, Zhao Y. Recent advances in nanoantibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6278-6317. [PMID: 38024316 PMCID: PMC10662204 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00530e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria-caused infections have been a major threat to human health. The abuse of conventional antibiotics accelerates the generation of MDR bacteria and makes the situation worse. The emergence of nanomaterials holds great promise for solving this tricky problem due to their multiple antibacterial mechanisms, tunable antibacterial spectra, and low probabilities of inducing drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of the generation of drug resistance, and introduce the recently developed nanomaterials for dealing with MDR bacteria via various antibacterial mechanisms. Considering that biosafety and mass production are the major bottlenecks hurdling the commercialization of nanoantibiotics, we introduce the related development in these two aspects. We discuss urgent challenges in this field and future perspectives to promote the development and translation of nanoantibiotics as alternatives against MDR pathogens to traditional antibiotics-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulan Li
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University No. 2, Section 5, Heping Road Jin Zhou Liaoning 121000 P. R. China
| | - Youhuan Gong
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Cannano Tefei Technology, Co. LTD Room 1013, Building D, No. 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Huangpu District Guangzhou Guangdong Province 510535 P. R. China
| | - Hao Ai
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University No. 2, Section 5, Heping Road Jin Zhou Liaoning 121000 P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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Arısoy S, Şalva E. Preparation and in vitro characterization of curcumin loaded Chitosan-Hyaluronic acid polyelectrolyte complex based hydrogels. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:637-647. [PMID: 37781745 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2265477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The manuscript aims to prepare and comprehensively characterize curcumin-loaded chitosan-hyaluronic acid polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) hydrogels through in vitro assessments. By elucidating the formulation process, physicochemical attributes, and drug release kinetics, the study contributes to the producing of curcumin loaded new drug delivery system. SIGNIFICANCE This approach shows the unique synergy of the chosen polymers with curcumin. The meticulous in vitro analysis of the hydrogels cements their novel attributes, underlining their potential as efficacious and biocompatible curcumin carriers. METHODS To configure the optimum formulation variables, viscosity, swelling ratio, porosity, in vitro release, cell viability, and migration rate were determined. In addition, FTIR and SEM analyses were also carried out to define the characteristic of formulations. RESULTS Release kinetic determination is essential in estimating the release behavior of formulation in the body. All formulations showed Higuchi release kinetics, indicating that drug release from the semi-solid matrix was diffusion controlled. CONCLUSION As a result, in this study, a new formulation was produced based on a simple concept with acceptable quality parameter results promising to be conducted in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Arısoy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Emine Şalva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Dias C, Commin L, Bonnefont-Rebeix C, Buff S, Bruyère P, Trombotto S. Comparative Evaluation of the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of a Series of Chitosans and Chitooligosaccharides Water-Soluble at Physiological pH. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3679. [PMID: 37765533 PMCID: PMC10537996 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosans (CS) have been of great interest due to their properties and numerous applications. However, CS have poor solubility in neutral and basic media, which limits their use in these conditions. In contrast, chitooligosaccharides (COS) have better solubility in water and lower viscosity in aqueous solutions whilst maintaining interesting biological properties. CS and COS, unlike other sugars, are not single polymers with a defined structure but are groups of molecules with modifiable structural parameters, allowing the adaptation and optimization of their properties. The great versatility of CS and COS makes these molecules very attractive for different applications, such as cryopreservation. Here, we investigated the effect of the degree of polymerization (DP), degree of N-acetylation (DA) and concentration of a series of synthesized CS and COS, water-soluble at physiological pH, on their cytotoxicity in an L929 fibroblast cell culture. Our results demonstrated that CS and COS showed no sign of toxicity regarding cell viability at low concentrations (≤10 mg/mL), independently of their DP and DA, whereas a compromising effect on cell viability was observed at a high concentration (100 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Dias
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Loris Commin
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Catherine Bonnefont-Rebeix
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Samuel Buff
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Pierre Bruyère
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Stéphane Trombotto
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
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11
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Aguirre-Pranzoni C, García MG, Ochoa NA. Structural and conformational changes on chitosan after green heterogeneous synthesis of phenyl derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120843. [PMID: 37059516 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Four aromatic acid compounds: benzoic acid (Bz), 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (HPPA), gallic acid (GA) and 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) were covalently bonded to chitosan in order to improve water solubility at neutral pH. The synthesis was performed via a radical redox reaction in heterogeneous phase by employing ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide (AA/H2O2) as radical initiators in ethanol. The analysis of chemical structure and conformational changes on acetylated chitosan was also the focus of this research. Grafted samples exhibited as high as 0.46 M degree of substitution (MS) and excellent solubility in water at neutral pH. Results showed a correlation between the disruption of C3-C5 (O3…O5) hydrogen bonds with increasing solubility in grafted samples. Spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR showed modifications in both glucosamine and N-Acetyl-glucosamine units by ester and amide linkage at C2, C3 and C6 position, respectively. Finally, loss of crystalline structure of 2-helical conformation of chitosan after grafting was observed by XRD and correlated with 13C CP-MAS-NMR analyses.
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12
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Hamodin AG, Elgammal WE, Eid AM, Ibrahim AG. Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of new chitosan derivative bearing diphenyl pyrazole moiety. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125180. [PMID: 37290547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis of a new pyrazole derivative by reacting 5-amino-1,3-diphenyl pyrazole with succinic anhydride and bearing the product chemically on the chitosan chains via amide linkage to achieve a new chitosan derivative (DPPS-CH). The prepared chitosan derivative was analyzed by IR, NMR, elemental analysis, XRD, TGA-DTG, and SEM. As compared with chitosan, DPPS-CH showed an amorphous and porous structure. Coats-Redfern results showed that the thermal activation energy for the first decomposition of DPPS-CH is 43.72 KJ mol-1 lower than that required for chitosan (88.32 KJ mol-1), indicating the accelerating effect of DPPS on the thermal decomposition of DPPS-CH. The DPPS-CH manifested a powerful wide spectrum antimicrobial potential against pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans at minute concentrations (MIC = 50 μg mL-1) compared to chitosan (MIC = 100 μg mL-1). The MTT assay proved the toxic properties of DPPS-CH against a cancer cell line (MCF-7) at a minute concentration (IC50 = 15.14 μg mL-1) while affecting normal cells (WI-38) at seven times this concentration (IC50 = 107.8 μg mL-1). According to the current findings, the chitosan derivative developed in this work appears to be a promising material for use in biological domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G Hamodin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid E Elgammal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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13
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Saberi Riseh R, Vatankhah M, Hassanisaadi M, Kennedy JF. Chitosan-based nanocomposites as coatings and packaging materials for the postharvest improvement of agricultural product: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 309:120666. [PMID: 36906369 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The perishability nature of harvested fruits and vegetables, along with the effect of environmental factors, storage conditions, and transportation, reduce the products' quality and shelf-life. Considerable efforts have been allocated to alternate conventional coatings based on new edible biopolymers for packaging. Chitosan is an attractive alternative to synthetic plastic polymers due to its biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and film-forming properties. However, its conservative properties can be improved by adding active compounds, limiting microbial agents' growth and biochemical and physical damages, and enhancing the stored products' quality, shelf-life, and consumer acceptability. Most of the research on chitosan-based coatings focuses on antimicrobial or antioxidant properties. Along with the advancement of polymer science and nanotechnology, novel chitosan blends with multiple functionalities are required and should be fabricated using numerous strategies, especially for application during storage. This review discusses recent developments in using chitosan as a matrix to fabricate bioactive edible coatings and their positive impacts on increasing the quality and shelf-life of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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14
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Popova E, Matveeva O, Beznos O, Tikhomirova V, Kudryashova E, Grigoriev Y, Chesnokova N, Kost O. Chitosan-Covered Calcium Phosphate Particles Co-Loaded with Superoxide Dismutase 1 and ACE Inhibitor: Development, Characterization and Effect on Intraocular Pressure. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020550. [PMID: 36839871 PMCID: PMC9962464 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of the efficiency of drug penetration into the eye tissues is still an actual problem in ophthalmology. One of the most promising solutions is drug encapsulation in carriers capable of overcoming the cornea/sclera tissue barrier. Formulations on the base of antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, enalaprilat, were prepared by simultaneous inclusion of both drugs into calcium phosphate (CaP) particles in situ with subsequent covering of the particles with 5 kDa chitosan. The formulations obtained were characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Hybrid CaP-chitosan particles co-loaded with SOD1 and enalaprilat had a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 120-160 nm and ζ-potential +20 ± 1 mV. The percentage of the inclusion of SOD1 and enalaprilat in hybrid particles was 30% and 56%, respectively. The ability of SOD1 and enalaprilat to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) was examined in vivo in normotensive Chinchilla rabbits. It was shown that topical instillations of SOD1/enalaprilat co-loaded hybrid particles were much more effective in decreasing IOP compared to free enzyme or free enalaprilat and even to the same particles that contained a single drug. Thus, the proposed formulations demonstrate potential as prospective therapeutic agents for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Popova
- Chemistry Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya Matveeva
- Chemistry Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Beznos
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria Tikhomirova
- Chemistry Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Kudryashova
- Chemistry Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Grigoriev
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Center Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Chesnokova
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kost
- Chemistry Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-939-34-30
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15
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Chitosan: A Promising Multifunctional Cosmetic Ingredient for Skin and Hair Care. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cosmetic industry has an undeniable need to design and develop new ecosustainable products to respond to the demands of consumers and international regulations. This requires substituting some traditional ingredients derived from petrochemical sources with new ones with more ecofriendly profiles. However, this transition towards the use of green ingredients in the cosmetic industry cannot compromise the effectiveness of the obtained products. Emerging ingredients in this new direction of the cosmetic industry are chitosan and its derivatives, which combine many interesting physicochemical and biological properties for the fabrication of cosmetic products. Thus, the use of chitosan opens a promising future path to the design of cosmetic formulations. In particular, chitosan’s ability for interacting electrostatically with negatively charged substrates (e.g., skin or damaged hair), resulting in the formation of polymeric films which contribute to the conditioning and moisturizing of cosmetic substrates, makes this polymer an excellent candidate for the design of skin and hair care formulations. This review tries to provide an updated perspective on the potential interest of chitosan and its derivatives as ingredients of cosmetics for skin and hair care.
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16
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Interleukin-12 Plasmid DNA Delivery by N-[(2-Hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan-Based Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112176. [PMID: 35683849 PMCID: PMC9182864 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic polysaccharides are capable of forming polyplexes with nucleic acids and are considered promising polymeric gene carriers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl] chitosan salt (HTCS), a quaternary ammonium derivative of chitosan (CS), which benefits from non-ionizable positive charges. In this work, HTCS with a full quaternization of amino groups and a molar mass of 130,000 g·mol−1 was synthesized to use for delivery of a plasmid encoding the interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene. Thus, a polyplex based on HTCS and the IL-12 plasmid was prepared and then was characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, plasmid condensation ability, and protection of the plasmid against enzymatic degradation. We showed that HTCS was able to condense the IL-12 plasmid by the formation of polyplexes in the range of 74.5 ± 0.75 nm. The level of hIL-12 production following the transfection of the cells with HTCS polyplexes at a C/P ratio of 8:1 was around 4.8- and 2.2-fold higher than with CS and polyethylenimine polyplexes, respectively. These findings highlight the role of HTCS in the formation of polyplexes for the efficient delivery of plasmid DNA.
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17
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MacCuaig WM, Samykutty A, Foote J, Luo W, Filatenkov A, Li M, Houchen C, Grizzle WE, McNally LR. Toxicity Assessment of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles upon Intravenous Injection in Mice: Implications for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050969. [PMID: 35631554 PMCID: PMC9148138 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are popular tools utilized to selectively deliver drugs and contrast agents for identification and treatment of disease. To determine the usefulness and translational potential of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), further evaluations of toxicity are required. MSNs are among the most utilized nano-delivery systems due to ease of synthesis, pore structure, and functionalization. This study aims to elucidate toxicity as a result of intravenous injection of 25 nm MSNs coated with chitosan (C) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) in mice. Following acute and chronic injections, blood was evaluated for standard blood chemistry and complete blood count analyses. Blood chemistry results primarily indicated that no abnormalities were present following acute or chronic injections of MSNs, or C/PEG-coated MSNs. After four weekly administered treatments, vital organs showed minor exacerbation of pre-existing lesions in the 35KPEG-MSN and moderate exacerbation of pre-existing lesions in uncoated MSN and 2KPEG-MSN treatment groups. In contrast, C-MSN treatment groups had minimal changes compared to controls. This study suggests 25 nm MSNs coated with chitosan should elicit minimal toxicity when administered as either single or multiple intravenous injections, but MSNs coated with PEG, especially 2KPEG may exacerbate pre-existing vascular conditions. Further studies should evaluate varying sizes and types of nanoparticles to provide a better overall understanding on the relation between nanoparticles and in vivo toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. MacCuaig
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (W.M.M.); (A.S.); (W.L.); (A.F.); (M.L.); (C.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73109, USA
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (W.M.M.); (A.S.); (W.L.); (A.F.); (M.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Jeremy Foote
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (W.M.M.); (A.S.); (W.L.); (A.F.); (M.L.); (C.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Alexander Filatenkov
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (W.M.M.); (A.S.); (W.L.); (A.F.); (M.L.); (C.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Min Li
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (W.M.M.); (A.S.); (W.L.); (A.F.); (M.L.); (C.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73049, USA
| | - Courtney Houchen
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (W.M.M.); (A.S.); (W.L.); (A.F.); (M.L.); (C.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73049, USA
| | - William E. Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (W.M.M.); (A.S.); (W.L.); (A.F.); (M.L.); (C.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Modified Chitosan Nonwovens. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091690. [PMID: 35566859 PMCID: PMC9103858 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan acquires bacteriostatic properties via protonation of its amino groups. However, much of the literature assumes that chitosan itself inhibits the growth of bacteria. This article presents a comparative study of chitosan nonwovens modified with various acids, including acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric organic acids, as well as hydrochloric acid. The aim was to determine which acid salts influence the antibacterial and antifungal activity of chitosan-based materials. Two methods were used to modify (formation of ammonium salts) the chitosan nonwovens: First, acid vapors (gassing process) were used to find which salt of chitosan had the best antibacterial properties. Based on the results, the most effective acid was prepared in a solution in ethanol. The influence of the acid concentration in ethanol, the time of treatment of chitosan materials with acid solution, and the rinsing process of modified nonwovens on the antimicrobial activity of the modified materials was investigated. The modified materials were subjected to microbiological tests. Each of the modified materials was placed in bacterial inoculum. The cultures were tested on agar to observe their microbial activity. Toxicity to human red blood cells was also investigated. A reduction in the number of bacterial cells was observed for the S. aureus strain with chitosan salt modified with 10% acetic acid in ethanol. The antibacterial activity of the chitosan salts increased with the percentage of acid salts formed on the surface of the solid material (decreasing numbers of bacterial colonies or no growth). No reduction in growth was observed for the E. coli strain. The chitosan samples were either inactive or completely eliminated the bacterial cells. Antimicrobial activity was observed for chitosan salts with hydrochloric acid and acetic acid. Finally, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy were used to confirm the incorporation of the acid groups to the amino groups of chitosan.
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19
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Current trends in chitosan based nanopharmaceuticals for topical vaginal therapies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2140-2152. [PMID: 34780894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Large surface area, rich vascularisation, well defined mucous membrane, balanced pH and relatively low enzymatic activity makes vagina a suitable site for drugs associated with women's health issues like Urinary tract infection (UTI) and vaginal infections. Therapeutic performance of intravaginal dosage forms largely depends on the properties of polymers and drugs. Chitosan (CS) because of its unique physical, chemical, pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical properties have received a great deal of attention as an essential component in vaginal drug delivery systems. Further the presence of free amino and hydroxyl groups on the chitosan skeleton allows easy derivatization under mild conditions to meet specific application requirements. Moreover, CS-based nanopharmaceuticals like nanoparticles, nanofiber, nanogel, nanofilm, liposomes and micelles are widely studied to improve therapeutic performance of vaginal formulations. However, susceptibility of CS to the acidic pH of vagina, poor loading of hydrophobic drugs, rapid mucosal turn over are the key issues need to be addressed for successful outcomes. In this review, we have discussed the application of CS and CS derivatives in vaginal drug delivery and also highlight the recent progress in chitosan based nanocarrier platforms in terms of their limitations and potentials.
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20
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Lin S, Pei L, Zhang W, Shu G, Lin J, Li H, Xu F, Tang H, Peng G, Zhao L, Yin L, Zhang L, Huang R, Chen S, Yuan Z, Fu H. Chitosan-poloxamer-based thermosensitive hydrogels containing zinc gluconate/recombinant human epidermal growth factor benefit for antibacterial and wound healing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112450. [PMID: 34702529 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan/poloxamer-based thermosensitive hydrogels containing zinc gluconate/recombinant human epidermal growth factor (ZnG/rhEGF@Chit/Polo) were developed as a convenient, safe and effective dressing for skin wound treatment. Their fabrication procedure and characterization were reported, and their morphology was examined by a scanning electron microscope. Antibacterial and biofilms activities were evaluated by in vitro tests to reveal the inhibitory effects and scavenging activity on the biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ZnG/rhEGF@Chit/Polo was also investigated as a potential therapeutic agent for wound healing therapy. In vivo wound healing studies on rats for 21 days proves that ZnG/rhEGF@Chit/Polo supplements the requisite Zn2+ and rhEGF for wound healing to promote the vascular remodeling and collagen deposition, facilitate fibrogenesis, and reduce the level of interleukin 6 for wound basement repair, and thus is a good wound therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Lin
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Linlin Pei
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Juchun Lin
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Funeng Xu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ruoyue Huang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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21
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Messerschmidt VL, Chintapula U, Kuriakose AE, Laboy S, Truong TTD, Kydd LA, Jaworski J, Pan Z, Sadek H, Nguyen KT, Lee J. Notch Intracellular Domain Plasmid Delivery via Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles to Upregulate Notch Pathway Molecules. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:707897. [PMID: 34651022 PMCID: PMC8507495 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.707897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is a highly conserved signaling system that is required for embryonic development and regeneration of organs. When the signal is lost, maldevelopment occurs and leads to a lethal state. Delivering exogenous genetic materials encoding Notch into cells can reestablish downstream signaling and rescue cellular functions. In this study, we utilized the negatively charged and FDA approved polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) to encapsulate Notch Intracellular Domain-containing plasmid in nanoparticles. We show that primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) readily uptake the nanoparticles with and without specific antibody targets. We demonstrated that our nanoparticles are non-toxic, stable over time, and compatible with blood. We further demonstrated that HUVECs could be successfully transfected with these nanoparticles in static and dynamic environments. Lastly, we elucidated that these nanoparticles could upregulate the downstream genes of Notch signaling, indicating that the payload was viable and successfully altered the genetic downstream effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Messerschmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Uday Chintapula
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Aneetta E Kuriakose
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Samantha Laboy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Thuy Thi Dang Truong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - LeNaiya A Kydd
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Justyn Jaworski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Zui Pan
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Hashem Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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22
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An efficient chitosan-based naphthalimide-modified fluorescent sensor for rapid detection of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and its applications in environmental analysis. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Jacob S, Nair AB, Boddu SHS, Gorain B, Sreeharsha N, Shah J. An Updated Overview of the Emerging Role of Patch and Film-Based Buccal Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1206. [PMID: 34452167 PMCID: PMC8399227 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Buccal mucosal membrane offers an attractive drug-delivery route to enhance both systemic and local therapy. This review discusses the benefits and drawbacks of buccal drug delivery, anatomical and physiological aspects of oral mucosa, and various in vitro techniques frequently used for examining buccal drug-delivery systems. The role of mucoadhesive polymers, penetration enhancers, and enzyme inhibitors to circumvent the formulation challenges particularly due to salivary renovation cycle, masticatory effect, and limited absorption area are summarized. Biocompatible mucoadhesive films and patches are favored dosage forms for buccal administration because of flexibility, comfort, lightness, acceptability, capacity to withstand mechanical stress, and customized size. Preparation methods, scale-up process and manufacturing of buccal films are briefed. Ongoing and completed clinical trials of buccal film formulations designed for systemic delivery are tabulated. Polymeric or lipid nanocarriers incorporated in buccal film to resolve potential formulation and drug-delivery issues are reviewed. Vaccine-enabled buccal films have the potential ability to produce both antibodies mediated and cell mediated immunity. Advent of novel 3D printing technologies with built-in flexibility would allow multiple drug combinations as well as compartmentalization to separate incompatible drugs. Exploring new functional excipients with potential capacity for permeation enhancement of particularly large-molecular-weight hydrophilic drugs and unstable proteins, oligonucleotides are the need of the hour for rapid advancement in the exciting field of buccal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Sai H. S. Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Centre for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India;
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Fan Y, Lu Q, Liang W, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Lang M. Preparation and characterization of antibacterial polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan sponge and potential applied for wound dressing. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yang Y, Liang Y, Chen J, Duan X, Guo B. Mussel-inspired adhesive antioxidant antibacterial hemostatic composite hydrogel wound dressing via photo-polymerization for infected skin wound healing. Bioact Mater 2021; 8:341-354. [PMID: 34541405 PMCID: PMC8427086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant bacterial infections and the slow healing of chronically infected wounds, the development of new antibacterial and accelerated wound healing dressings has become a serious challenge. In order to solve this problem, we developed photo-crosslinked multifunctional antibacterial adhesive anti-oxidant hemostatic hydrogel dressings based on polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether modified glycidyl methacrylate functionalized chitosan (CSG-PEG), methacrylamide dopamine (DMA) and zinc ion for disinfection of drug-resistant bacteria and promoting wound healing. The mechanical properties, rheological properties and morphology of hydrogels were characterized, and the biocompatibility of these hydrogels was studied through cell compatibility and blood compatibility tests. These hydrogels were tested for the in vitro blood-clotting ability of whole blood and showed good hemostatic ability in the mouse liver hemorrhage model and the mouse-tail amputation model. In addition, it has been confirmed that the multifunctional hydrogels have good inherent antibacterial properties against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In the full-thickness skin defect model infected with MRSA, the wound closure ratio, thickness of granulation tissue, number of collagen deposition, regeneration of blood vessels and hair follicles were measured. The inflammation-related cytokines (CD68) and angiogenesis-related cytokines (CD31) expressed during skin regeneration were studied. All results indicate that these multifunctional antibacterial adhesive hemostatic hydrogels have better healing effects than commercially available Tegaderm™ Film, revealing that they have become promising alternative in the healing of infected wounds. Antibacterial antioxidant adhesion hydrogel was obtained by photopolymerization. These hydrogels exhibited good hemostatic property and cell compatibility. The hydrogels showed good antibacterial property against MRSA. The hydrogels significantly enhanced wound healing of infected skin wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Yang
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China.,Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yongping Liang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jueying Chen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xianglong Duan
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China.,Second Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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26
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Lin MZ, Li WX, Hu T, Bu H, Li ZL, Wu T, Wu XX, Sun C, Li Y, Jiang GB. One-step removal of harmful algal blooms by dual-functional flocculant based on self-branched chitosan integrated with flotation function. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117710. [PMID: 33673989 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms induce severe environmental problems. It is challenging to remove algae by the current available treatments involving complicate process and costly instruments. Here, we developed a CaO2@PEG-loaded water-soluble self-branched chitosan (CP-SBC) system, which can remove algae from water in one-step without additional instrumentation. This approach utilizes a novel flocculant (self-branched chitosan) integrated with flotation function (induced by CaO2@PEG). CP-SBC exhibited better flocculation performance than commercial flocculants, which is attributed to the enhanced bridging and sweeping effect of branched chitosan. CP-SBC demonstrated outstanding biocompatibility, which was verified by zebrafish test and algae activity test. CaO2@PEG-loaded self-branched chitosan can serve as an "Air flotation system" to spontaneous float the flocs after flocculation by sustainably released O2. Furthermore, CP-SBC can improve water quality through minimizing dissolved oxygen depletion and reducing total phosphorus concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zhao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huaitian Bu
- Department of Materials and Nanotechnology, SINTEF Industry, Forskningsveien 1, Oslo, 0373, Norway
| | - Zeng-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xia-Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Gang-Biao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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27
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Araujo VHS, de Souza MPC, Carvalho GC, Duarte JL, Chorilli M. Chitosan-based systems aimed at local application for vaginal infections. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117919. [PMID: 33766328 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal administration is a promising route for the local treatment of infectious vaginal diseases since it can bypass the first-pass metabolism, drug interactions, and adverse effects. However, the commercial products currently available for topical vulvovaginal treatment have low acceptability and do not adequately explore this route. Mucoadhesive systems can optimize the efficacy of drugs administered by this route to increase the retention time of the drug in the vaginal environment. Several polymers are used to develop mucoadhesive systems, among them chitosan, a natural polymer that is highly biocompatible and technologically versatile. Thus, the present review aimed to analyze the studies that used chitosan to develop mucoadhesive systems for the treatment of local vaginal infections. These studies demonstrated that chitosan as a component of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (DDS) is a promising device for the treatment of vaginal infectious diseases, due to the intrinsic antimicrobial activity of this biopolymer and because it does not interfere with the effectiveness of the drugs used for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Ahmad MZ, Rizwanullah M, Ahmad J, Alasmary MY, Akhter MH, Abdel-Wahab BA, Warsi MH, Haque A. Progress in nanomedicine-based drug delivery in designing of chitosan nanoparticles for cancer therapy. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1869737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Rizwanullah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Basel A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anzarul Haque
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University College of Pharmacy, Alkharj Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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29
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Ouyang J, Pu S, Wang J, Deng Y, Yang C, Naseer S, Li D. Enzymatic hydrolysate of geniposide directly acts as cross-linking agent for enzyme immobilization. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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30
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Blagodatskikh IV, Vyshivannaya OV, Samoilova NA, Bezrodnykh EA, Klemenkova ZS, Kuryakov VN, Tikhonov VE, Khokhlov AR. Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Partially Betainated Chitosan Derivatives Soluble in Weakly Alkaline Media. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x20030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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A novel colorimetric indicator film based on chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and anthocyanins from jambolan (Syzygium cumini) fruit for monitoring shrimp freshness. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:625-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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32
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Abdelrahman R, Abdel-Mohsen A, Zboncak M, Frankova J, Lepcio P, Kobera L, Steinhart M, Pavlinak D, Spotaz Z, Sklenářévá R, Brus J, Jancar J. Hyaluronan biofilms reinforced with partially deacetylated chitin nanowhiskers: Extraction, fabrication, in-vitro and antibacterial properties of advanced nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 235:115951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Inanli AG, Tümerkan ETA, Abed NE, Regenstein JM, Özogul F. The impact of chitosan on seafood quality and human health: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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Schimpf U, Nachmann G, Trombotto S, Houska P, Yan H, Björndahl L, Crouzier T. Assessment of Oligo-Chitosan Biocompatibility toward Human Spermatozoa. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46572-46584. [PMID: 31725264 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The many interesting properties of chitosan polysaccharides have prompted their extensive use as biomaterial building blocks, for instance as antimicrobial coatings, tissue engineering scaffolds, and drug delivery vehicles. The translation of these chitosan-based systems to the clinic still requires a deeper understanding of their safety profiles. For instance, the widespread claim that chitosans are spermicidal is supported by little to no data. Herein, we thoroughly investigate whether chitosan oligomer (CO) molecules can impact the functional and structural features of human spermatozoa. By using a large number of primary sperm cell samples and by isolating the effect of chitosan from the effect of sperm dissolution buffer, we provide the first realistic and complete picture of the effect of chitosans on sperms. We found that CO binds to cell surfaces or/and is internalized by cells and affected the average path velocity of the spermatozoa, in a dose-dependent manner. However, CO did not affect the progressive motility, motility, or sperm morphology, nor did it cause loss of plasma membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species production, or DNA damage. A decrease in spermatozoa adenosine triphosphate levels, which was especially significant at higher CO concentrations, points to possible interference of CO with mitochondrial functions or the glycolysis processes. With this first complete and in-depth look at the spermicidal activities of chitosans, we complement the complex picture of the safety profile of chitosans and inform on further use of chitosans in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schimpf
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Gilai Nachmann
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Stephane Trombotto
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223 , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon , 69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Petr Houska
- ANOVA-Andrology, Sexual Medicine, Transmedicine , Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet , Norra Stationsgatan 69 , 113 64 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Hongji Yan
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lars Björndahl
- ANOVA-Andrology, Sexual Medicine, Transmedicine , Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet , Norra Stationsgatan 69 , 113 64 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
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35
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Nanoporous furfuryl-imine-chitosan fibers as a new pathway towards eco-materials for CO2 adsorption. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Bratskaya S, Sergeeva K, Konovalova M, Modin E, Svirshchevskaya E, Sergeev A, Mironenko A, Pestov A. Ligand-assisted synthesis and cytotoxicity of ZnSe quantum dots stabilized by N-(2-carboxyethyl)chitosans. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110342. [PMID: 31299538 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a green synthesis of ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) in aqueous solution of polyampholyte chitosan derivative - N-(2-carboxyethyl)chitosan (CEC) with substitution degrees (DS) from 0.7 to 1.3 and molecular weight (MW) of 40 kDa and 150 kDa. We have shown that the maximum intensity of photoluminescence (PL) is exhibited by ZnSe QDs synthesized in solutions of CEC with DS 1 at Se:Zn molar ratio 1:2.5. The defect-related band was predominant in the PL spectra of ZnSe QDs obtained at room temperature; however, hydrothermal treatment at 80-150 °C during 1-2 h significantly increased contribution of exciton emission to the spectra. Cytotoxicity of ZnSe QDs was investigated by MTT assay using cancer cell lines SKOV-3; SkBr-3; PANC-1; Colon-26 and human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293. Cytotoxicity of ZnSe QDs did not depend on MW or DS of CEC but significantly depended on the cell line, being the lowest for normal human cells HEK293 and breast cancer cell line SKOV-3. The hydrothermally treated ZnSe QDs showed higher toxicity toward both normal and cancer cell lines. Since ZnSe QDs were toxic for most of the investigated cancer cell lines, they cannot be used as inert tracers for bioimaging, but can be promising for further investigation for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Bratskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of RAS, 159, prosp.100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
| | - Kseniya Sergeeva
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of RAS, 5, Radio Str., Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Mariya Konovalova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Evgeny Modin
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia - San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Elena Svirshchevskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander Sergeev
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of RAS, 5, Radio Str., Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Mironenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of RAS, 159, prosp.100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Alexandr Pestov
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of RAS, 20, S. Kovalevskoy Str., Yekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
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Flores EEE, Cardoso FD, Siqueira LB, Ricardi NC, Costa TH, Rodrigues RC, Klein MP, Hertz PF. Influence of reaction parameters in the polymerization between genipin and chitosan for enzyme immobilization. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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38
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Cao Y, Tan YF, Wong YS, Liew MWJ, Venkatraman S. Recent Advances in Chitosan-Based Carriers for Gene Delivery. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060381. [PMID: 31242678 PMCID: PMC6627531 DOI: 10.3390/md17060381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 4000 diseases are associated with malfunctioning genes in a particular cell type. Gene-based therapy provides a platform to modify the disease-causing genes expression at the cellular level to treat pathological conditions. However, gene delivery is challenging as these therapeutic genes need to overcome several physiological and intracellular barriers in order, to reach the target cells. Over the years, efforts have been dedicated to develop efficient gene delivery vectors to overcome these systemic barriers. Chitosan, a versatile polysaccharide, is an attractive non-viral vector material for gene delivery mainly due to its cationic nature, biodegradability and biocompatibility. The present review discusses the design factors that are critical for efficient gene delivery/transfection and highlights the recent progress of gene therapy using chitosan-based carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yang Fei Tan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yee Shan Wong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Melvin Wen Jie Liew
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Subbu Venkatraman
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Islam N, Dmour I, Taha MO. Degradability of chitosan micro/nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01684. [PMID: 31193324 PMCID: PMC6525292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a natural carbohydrate polymer, has long been investigated for drug delivery and medical applications due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility and low toxicity. The micro/nanoparticulate forms of chitosan are reported to enhance the efficiency of drug delivery with better physicochemical properties including improved solubility and bioavailability. This polymer is known to be biodegradable and biocompatible; however, crosslinked chitosan particles may not be biodegradable. Crosslinkers (e.g., tripolyphosphate and glutaraldehyde) are needed for efficient micro/nanoparticle formation, but it is not clear whether the resultant particles are biodegradable or able to release the encapsulated drug fully. To date, no studies have conclusively demonstrated the complete biodegradation or elimination of chitosan nanoparticles in vivo. Herein we review the synthesis and degradation mechanisms of chitosan micro/nanoparticles frequently used in drug delivery especially in pulmonary drug delivery to understand whether these nanoparticles are biodegradable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, QUT, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Isra Dmour
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mutasem O Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942 Jordan
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Riasat Harami H, Asghari M. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-aided cross-linked chitosan membranes for gas separation: grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Model 2019; 25:49. [PMID: 30701322 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-3929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular simulations were performed to consider the structural and transport properties of chitosan/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTEOS) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). In order to consider the presence of APTEOS content on the performances of membrane, various amounts of APTEOS were added to the polymeric matrix as a cross-linker. Structural characterizations such as radial distribution function (RDF), fractional free volume (FFV) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were carried out on the simulated cells. Self-diffusivity and solubility of membranes were calculated using mean square displacement (MSD) and adsorption isotherms, respectively. Additionally, permeability and permselectivity of CO2 and N2 gases were calculated by grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics methods. The system temperature was set to 298 K using a Nose-Hoover thermostat. According to the results, upon increasing APTEOS loading, CO2 permeability increases until 10 wt.% loading. Then, by adding 20 wt.% of APTEOS, CO2 permeability decreases, which could be related to higher crystallinity. XRD graphs indicated that the crystallinity decreased when adding 10 wt.% APTEOS, while higher APTEOS content (up to 20 wt.%) led to higher crystallinity percentage, consistent with permeability results. Compared to literature reports, the present simulation indicated higher accuracy for defining the structural and transport properties of APTEOS cross-linked chitosan MMMs. Graphical abstract 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-aided cross-linked chitosan membranes for gasseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Riasat Harami
- Separation Processes Research Group (SPRG), Department of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Morteza Asghari
- Separation Processes Research Group (SPRG), Department of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. .,Energy Research Institute, University of Kashan, Ghotb-e-Ravandi Ave, Kashan, Iran.
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Irimia T, Ghica MV, Popa L, Anuţa V, Arsene AL, Dinu-Pîrvu CE. Strategies for Improving Ocular Drug Bioavailability and Corneal Wound Healing with Chitosan-Based Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1221. [PMID: 30961146 PMCID: PMC6290606 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The main inconvenience of conventional eye drops is the rapid washout of the drugs due to nasolacrimal drainage or ophthalmic barriers. The ocular drug bioavailability can be improved by either prolonging retention time in the cul-de-sac or by increasing the ocular permeability. The focus of this review is to highlight some chitosan-based drug delivery approaches that proved to have good clinical efficacy and high potential for use in ophthalmology. They are exemplified by recent studies exploring in-depth the techniques and mechanisms in order to improve ocular bioavailability of the active substances. Used alone or in combination with other compounds with synergistic action, chitosan enables ocular retention time and corneal permeability. Associated with other stimuli-responsive polymers, it enhances the mechanical strength of the gels. Chitosan and its derivatives increase drug permeability through the cornea by temporarily opening tight junctions between epithelial cells. Different types of chitosan-based colloidal systems have the potential to overcome the ocular barriers without disturbing the vision process. Chitosan also plays a key role in improving corneal wound healing by stimulating the migration of keratinocytes when it is used alone or in combination with other compounds with synergistic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Irimia
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Violeta Ghica
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Lăcrămioara Popa
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Valentina Anuţa
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Andreea-Letiţia Arsene
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
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Varlamov VP, Mysyakina IS. Chitosan in Biology, Microbiology, Medicine, and Agriculture. Microbiology (Reading) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261718050168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Moaddab M, Nourmohammadi J, Rezayan AH. Bioactive composite scaffolds of carboxymethyl chitosan-silk fibroin containing chitosan nanoparticles for sustained release of ascorbic acid. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Skalickova S, Loffelmann M, Gargulak M, Kepinska M, Docekalova M, Uhlirova D, Stankova M, Fernandez C, Milnerowicz H, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Kizek R. Zinc-Modified Nanotransporter of Doxorubicin for Targeted Prostate Cancer Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E435. [PMID: 29292780 PMCID: PMC5746925 DOI: 10.3390/nano7120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles used as carriers for doxorubicin for targeted cancer delivery. Prepared nanocarriers were stabilized and functionalized via zinc ions incorporated into the chitosan nanoparticle backbone. We took the advantage of high expression of sarcosine in the prostate cancer cells. The prostate cancer targeting was mediated by the AntiSar antibodies decorated surface of the nanocage. Formation of the chitosan nanoparticles was determined using a ninhydrin assay and differential pulse voltammetry. Obtained results showed the strong effect of tripolyphosphine on the nanoparticle formation. The zinc ions affected strong chitosan backbone coiling both in inner and outer chitosan nanoparticle structure. Zinc electrochemical signal depended on the level of the complex formation and the potential shift from -960 to -950 mV. Formed complex is suitable for doxorubicin delivery. It was observed the 20% entrapment efficiency of doxorubicin and strong dependence of drug release after 120 min in the blood environment. The functionality of the designed nanotransporter was proven. The purposed determination showed linear dependence in the concentration range of Anti-sarcosine IgG labeled gold nanoparticles from 0 to 1000 µg/mL and the regression equation was found to be y = 3.8x - 66.7 and R² = 0.99. Performed ELISA confirmed the ability of Anti-sarcosine IgG labeled chitosan nanoparticles with loaded doxorubicin to bind to the sarcosine molecule. Observed hemolytic activity of the nanotransporter was 40%. Inhibition activity of our proposed nanotransporter was evaluated to be 0% on the experimental model of S. cerevisiae. Anti-sarcosine IgG labeled chitosan nanoparticles, with loaded doxorubicin stabilized by Zn ions, are a perspective type of nanocarrier for targeted drug therapy managed by specific interaction with sarcosine and metallothionein for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Skalickova
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Loffelmann
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michael Gargulak
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Michaela Docekalova
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Prevention Medicals s.r.o, Tovární 342, Butovice, 742-13 Studentka, Czech Republic.
| | - Dagmar Uhlirova
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Prevention Medicals s.r.o, Tovární 342, Butovice, 742-13 Studentka, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Stankova
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Prevention Medicals s.r.o, Tovární 342, Butovice, 742-13 Studentka, Czech Republic.
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QB, UK.
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
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