1
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Bahrami M, Abenojar J, Aparicio GM, Martínez MA. Thermal Stability, Durability, and Service Life Estimation of Woven Flax-Carbon Hybrid Polyamide Biocomposites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2020. [PMID: 38730826 PMCID: PMC11084306 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Woven flax-carbon hybrid polyamide biocomposites offer a blend of carbon fibers' mechanical strength and flax's environmental advantages, potentially developing material applications. This study investigated their thermal behavior, degradation kinetics, and durability to water uptake and relative humidity exposure and compared them with pure flax and carbon composites with the same matrix. The hybrid composite exhibited intermediate water/moisture absorption levels between pure flax and carbon composites, with 7.2% water absorption and 3.5% moisture absorption. It also displayed comparable thermal degradation resistance to the carbon composite, effectively maintaining its weight up to 300 °C. Further analysis revealed that the hybrid composite exhibited a decomposition energy of 268 kJ/mol, slightly lower than the carbon composite's value of 288.5 kJ/mol, indicating similar thermal stability. Isothermal lifetime estimation, employing the activation energy (Ed) and degree of conversion facilitated by the Model Free Kinetics method, indicated a 41% higher service life of the hybrid laminate at room temperature compared to the carbon laminate. These insights are crucial for understanding the industrial applications of these materials without compromising durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Bahrami
- IAAB, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain;
| | - Juana Abenojar
- IAAB, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain;
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Pontificia Comillas of Madrid, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gladis M. Aparicio
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University Autónoma of Occidente, Cali 760030, Colombia;
| | - Miguel Angel Martínez
- IAAB, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain;
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2
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Chen CW, Ranganathan P, Mutharani B, Shiu JW, Rwei SP, Chang YH, Chiu FC. Synthesis of High-Value Bio-Based Polyamide 12,36 Microcellular Foams with Excellent Dimensional Stability and Shape Recovery Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:159. [PMID: 38201824 PMCID: PMC10780462 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for alternatives to petroleum-based thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPAEs) has recently drawn great interest. In this study, a bio-massed TPAE, PA12,36, was synthesized using 1,12-dodecanediamine (DDA) and fatty dimer acid (FDA, PripolTM1009) precursors via catalyst and solvent-free melt polycondensation. The molecular structure and molecular weight of the PA12,36 were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, and GPC. PA12,36 displayed a low melting temperature of 85.8 °C, an initial degradation temperature of 425 °C, and a glass-transition temperature of 30.4 °C, whereas it sustained satisfactory tensile strength (10.0 MPa) and superior strain at break (1378%). Furthermore, PA12,36 was foamed by supercritical CO2, and the cell size, cell density, and porosity were determined. The entangled long-chained FDA component generated a physically crosslinked network, which promoted the melt viscosity of PA12,36 against elongations of foam cell growth and increased foamability significantly. As a result, uniform structured cellular foams with a cell diameter of 15-24 µm and high cell density (1011 cells/cm3-1012 cells/cm3) were successfully achieved. The foaming window was widened from 76 to 81 °C, and the expansion ratio was increased from 4.8 to 9.6. Additionally, PA12,36 foam with a physically crosslinked structure presented a better creep shape recovery percentage (92-97.9%) and sturdier dimensional stability. This bio-based PA12,36 foam is a promising candidate to replace petroleum-based thermoplastic elastomer foams for engineering applications, particularly shoe soles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wen Chen
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (P.R.); (J.-W.S.)
| | - Palraj Ranganathan
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (P.R.); (J.-W.S.)
| | | | - Jia-Wei Shiu
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (P.R.); (J.-W.S.)
| | - Syang-Peng Rwei
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (P.R.); (J.-W.S.)
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Chyou Chiu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
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3
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Baniasadi H, Madani Z, Mohan M, Vaara M, Lipponen S, Vapaavuori J, Seppälä JV. Heat-Induced Actuator Fibers: Starch-Containing Biopolyamide Composites for Functional Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48584-48600. [PMID: 37787649 PMCID: PMC10591286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces the development of a thermally responsive shape-morphing fabric using low-melting-point polyamide shape memory actuators. To facilitate the blending of biomaterials, we report the synthesis and characterization of a biopolyamide with a relatively low melting point. Additionally, we present a straightforward and solvent-free method for the compatibilization of starch particles with the synthesized biopolyamide, aiming to enhance the sustainability of polyamide and customize the actuation temperature. Subsequently, homogeneous dispersion of up to 70 wt % compatibilized starch particles into the matrix is achieved. The resulting composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties comparable to those reported for soft and tough materials, making them well suited for textile integration. Furthermore, cyclic thermomechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the shape memory and shape recovery of both plain polyamide and composites. The results confirmed their remarkable shape recovery properties. To demonstrate the potential application of biocomposites in textiles, a heat-responsive fabric was created using thermoresponsive shape memory polymer actuators composed of a biocomposite containing 50 wt % compatibilized starch. This fabric demonstrates the ability to repeatedly undergo significant heat-induced deformations by opening and closing pores, thereby exposing hidden functionalities through heat stimulation. This innovative approach provides a convenient pathway for designing heat-responsive textiles, adding value to state-of-the-art smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Zahra Madani
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mithila Mohan
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maija Vaara
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Lipponen
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jukka V. Seppälä
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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4
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Marcoaldi C, Pardo-Figuerez M, Prieto C, Arnal C, Torres-Giner S, Cabedo L, Lagaron JM. Electrospun Multilayered Films Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate), Copolyamide 1010/1014, and Electrosprayed Nanostructured Silica. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:972. [PMID: 36985866 PMCID: PMC10052066 DOI: 10.3390/nano13060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this research, bio-based electrospun multilayered films for food packaging applications with good barrier properties and close to superhydrophobic behavior were developed. For this purpose, two different biopolymers, a low-melting point and fully bio-based synthetic aliphatic copolyamide 1010/1014 (PA1010/1014) and the microbially synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and food-contact-complying organomodified silica (SiO2) nanostructured microparticles, were processed by electrospinning. The production of the multilayer structure was finally obtained by means of a thermal post-treatment, with the aim to laminate all of the components by virtue of the so-called interfiber coalescence process. The so developed fully electrospun films were characterized according to their morphology, their permeance to water vapor and oxygen, the mechanical properties, and their water contact angle properties. Interestingly, the annealed electrospun copolyamide did not show the expected improved barrier behavior as a monolayer. However, when it was built into a multilayer form, the whole assembly exhibited a good barrier, an improved mechanical performance compared to pure PHBV, an apparent water contact angle of ca. 146°, and a sliding angle of 8°. Consequently, these new biopolymer-based multilayer films could be a bio-based alternative to be potentially considered in more environmentally friendly food packaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marcoaldi
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Maria Pardo-Figuerez
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Sergio Torres-Giner
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Luis Cabedo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Jose M. Lagaron
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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5
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Seo J, Kearney LT, Datta S, Toomey MD, Keum JK, Naskar AK. Tailoring compatibilization potential of maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene by sequential rheochemical processing of polypropylene and polyamide 66 blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Seo
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Logan T. Kearney
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Siddhant Datta
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Michael D. Toomey
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Jong K. Keum
- Neutron Scattering Division and Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Amit K. Naskar
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
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6
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Serbinovskii MY, Popova OV, Shkurakova OE, Finochenko TA. Study of Water Absorption by Polyamide Composites Filled with Lignin-Derived Graphite Materials. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427221100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Ranganathan P, Chen Y, Rwei S, Lee Y. Optically transparent bio‐based polyamides with microcellular foaming properties derived from renewable difunctional aminoamides. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palraj Ranganathan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Hao Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Syang‐Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Huan Lee
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
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8
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Mrah L, Marref M, Megherbi R. Maghnite: an innovative inorganic reinforcement utilized in the synthesis of polyamide 12 nanocomposites with optimized thermal and mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study will contribute to the identification and understanding of the reinforcement mechanisms of thermoplastic matrices by nanofillers. This aspect is addressed through the investigation of the thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites consisting of a polyamide 12 (PA12) matrix crammed with organically modified clay nanoparticles. An efficient approach to the synthesis of polyamide 12 (PA12) nanocomposites was investigated; Maghnite may be a processed Algerian mineral clay which will act both as a catalyst and as an inorganic reinforcement. Two sorts of organic substances were used, labeled CTA-Mag (1CEC) and CTA-Mag (2CEC), modified by cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) ions. However, PA12/CTA-Mag nanocomposites are characterized by various physico-chemical techniques, XRD, FTIR, TGA, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Measurements of tensile modulus, yield strength, lastingness, elongation at break and toughness were done to assess the behavior of the mechanical properties. Furthermore, we have analyzed the consequences of the mass fraction of the fillers on the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of those nanocomposites. Specific attention has been paid to the study of relationships between the macroscopic properties and therefore the structure of nanocomposites. Thermomechanical tests showed a big improvement within the properties of the nanocomposites compared to neat PA12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahouari Mrah
- Ecole Supérieure en Génie Electrique et Energétique d’Oran , BP 64, Achaba Hanif, USTO , Oran , Algérie
- Laboratoire de Chimie des polymères , Département de chimie , Faculté des sciences exactes et appliquées , Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella , El- Mnaouer , BP 1524 , Oran , Algérie
| | - Mohamed Marref
- Laboratoire de Chimie des polymères , Département de chimie , Faculté des sciences exactes et appliquées , Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella , El- Mnaouer , BP 1524 , Oran , Algérie
- Département de chimie-physique , Faculté de chimie , Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d’Oran , M. Boudiaf , BP 1505 El M’naouar , 31000 Oran , Algérie
| | - Radja Megherbi
- Laboratoire de chimie des matériaux inorganiques et Applications (LCMIA) , Département Génie des Matériaux , Faculté de Chimie , Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran , M. Boudiaf , BP 1505 El M'naouar , Oran , Algérie
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9
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Bahrami M, Abenojar J, Martínez MA. Comparative Characterization of Hot-Pressed Polyamide 11 and 12: Mechanical, Thermal and Durability Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3553. [PMID: 34685311 PMCID: PMC8537549 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically speaking, polyamide 11 (PA11) and polyamide 12 (PA12) have a similar backbone, differing only in one carbon. From an origin point of view, PA11 is considered a bioplastic polyamide composed from renewable resources, compared to oil-based PA12. Each of them has a number of advantages over the other, which makes their selection a challenging issue. Depending on the target application, diverse assessments and comparisons are needed to fulfill this mission. The current study addresses this research gap to characterize and compare PA11 and PA12 manufactured by the hot press technique in terms of their mechanical, thermal and durability properties for the first time, demonstrating their potential for future works as matrices in composite materials. In this regard, different characterization techniques are applied to the hot-pressed polymer sheets, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical performance of the PA11 and PA12 sheets is compared based on tensile tests and shore hardness measurement. The durability behavior of these two polyamides is evaluated in water and relative humidity conditions at different aging times. The experimental results show the ductile behavior of PA12 with respect to the quasi-brittle PA11. Both have a relatively small water and moisture gain: 1.5 wt% and 0.8 wt%, respectively. The higher crystallinity of PA12 (2.1 times more than PA11) with γ-phase is one of the leading parameters to achieve better mechanical and durability properties. The FTIR spectra displayed slight acid hydrolysis. Accordingly, absorbed water or moisture does not cause plasticization; thus, neither hardness nor dimension changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Bahrami
- Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering Department, University Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; (J.A.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Juana Abenojar
- Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering Department, University Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; (J.A.); (M.A.M.)
- Mechanical Engineering Department, ICAI, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Martínez
- Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering Department, University Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; (J.A.); (M.A.M.)
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Nurhamiyah Y, Irvine G, Themistou E, Chen B. Novel Biobased Polyamide Thermoplastic Elastomer with Medium Hardness. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeyen Nurhamiyah
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Queen's University Belfast Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH UK
- Research Center for Biomaterials Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong Bogor Indonesia
| | - Gavin Irvine
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH UK
| | - Efrosyni Themistou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH UK
| | - Biqiong Chen
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Queen's University Belfast Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH UK
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11
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Ranganathan P, Chen CW, Rwei SP. Highly Stretchable Fully Biomass Autonomic Self-Healing Polyamide Elastomers and Their Foam for Selective Oil Absorption. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3089. [PMID: 34577990 PMCID: PMC8468103 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewable polymers with self-healing ability, excellent elongation, hydrophobicity, and selective oil absorption attributes are of interest for an extensive range of applications, such as e-skin, soft robots, wearable devices, and cleaning up oil spills. Herein, two fully renewable eco-friendly polyamide (PA)-based self-healing elastomers (namely, PA36,IA, and PA36,36) were prepared by a facile and green one-pot melt polycondensation of itaconic acid (IA), PripolTM 1009, and PriamineTM 1075 monomers. The molecular structures of these PAs were analyzed by FITR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The distinct structure of these PAs shows superior strain values (above 2300%) and high ambient temperature autonomous self-healing ability. Interestingly, the synthesized renewable PA36,36 showed zero water absorption values and hydrophobic properties with a contact angle of θ = 91° compared to the synthesized PA36,IA and other previously reported PAs. These excellent attributes are due to the low concentration of amide groups, the highly entangled main chains, the intermolecular diffusion, the manifold dangling chains, and the numerous reversible physical bonds within the renewable PAs. Furthermore, the hydrophobic properties may aid in the selective oil absorption of the PA36,36-based foam, for which PA36,36 foam is produced by the green supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) batch foaming process. The PA36,36 foam with a microporous cellular structure showed better absorption capacity and high stability in repeated use. Due to these advantages, these bio-based PAs have potential for the production of eco-friendly self-healing materials, superabsorbent foams, and other polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chin-Wen Chen
- Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
| | - Syang-Peng Rwei
- Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
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12
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Biermann U, Bornscheuer UT, Feussner I, Meier MAR, Metzger JO. Fatty Acids and their Derivatives as Renewable Platform Molecules for the Chemical Industry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20144-20165. [PMID: 33617111 PMCID: PMC8453566 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oils and fats of vegetable and animal origin remain an important renewable feedstock for the chemical industry. Their industrial use has increased during the last 10 years from 31 to 51 million tonnes annually. Remarkable achievements made in the field of oleochemistry in this timeframe are summarized herein, including the reduction of fatty esters to ethers, the selective oxidation and oxidative cleavage of C-C double bonds, the synthesis of alkyl-branched fatty compounds, the isomerizing hydroformylation and alkoxycarbonylation, and olefin metathesis. The use of oleochemicals for the synthesis of a great variety of polymeric materials has increased tremendously, too. In addition to lipases and phospholipases, other enzymes have found their way into biocatalytic oleochemistry. Important achievements have also generated new oil qualities in existing crop plants or by using microorganisms optimized by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Biermann
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
- abiosuse.V.Bloherfelder Straße 23926129OldenburgGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- University of GoettingenAlbrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant SciencesInternational Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC) and Goettingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)Dept. of Plant BiochemistryJustus-von-Liebig-Weg 1137077GoettingenGermany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Laboratory of Applied ChemistryInstitute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Straße am Forum 776131KarlsruheGermany
- Laboratory of Applied ChemistryInstitute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Jürgen O. Metzger
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
- abiosuse.V.Bloherfelder Straße 23926129OldenburgGermany
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13
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Biermann U, Bornscheuer UT, Feussner I, Meier MAR, Metzger JO. Fettsäuren und Fettsäurederivate als nachwachsende Plattformmoleküle für die chemische Industrie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Biermann
- Institut für Chemie Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Deutschland
- abiosuse.V. Bloherfelder Straße 239 26129 Oldenburg Deutschland
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institut für Biochemie Abt. Biotechnologie & Enzymkatalyse Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Universität Göttingen Albrecht-von-Haller Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC) und Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (GZMB) Abt. für die Biochemie der Pflanze Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Labor für Angewandte Chemie Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC) Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Labor für Angewandte Chemie Institut für biologische und chemische Systeme –, Funktionale Molekülsysteme (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Jürgen O. Metzger
- Institut für Chemie Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Deutschland
- abiosuse.V. Bloherfelder Straße 239 26129 Oldenburg Deutschland
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New Aspects on the Direct Solid State Polycondensation (DSSP) of Aliphatic Nylon Salts: The Case of Hexamethylene Diammonium Dodecanoate. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162625. [PMID: 34451162 PMCID: PMC8399917 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct solid state polymerization (DSSP) of hexamethylene diammonium dodecanoate (PA 612 salt) was investigated for two different salt grades, fossil-based and bio-based. Aliphatic polyamide salts (such as PA 612 salt) are highly susceptible to solid melt transition (SMT) phenomena, which restrain the industrial application of DSSP. To that end, emphasis was given on reactor design, being the critical parameter influencing byproduct diffusion, amine loss and inherent DSSP kinetics. Experiments took place both at the microscale and the laboratory scale, in which two different reactors were tested in terms of bypassing SMT phenomena. The new reactor designed here proved quite successful in maintaining the solid state during the reaction. Scouting experiments were conducted in order to assess the effect of critical parameters and determine appropriate reaction conditions. Fossil-based PA 612 products proved to have a better end-group imbalance in comparison to bio-based ones, which is critical in terms of achieving high molecular weight. Finally, a real DSSP process was demonstrated, starting from PA 612 salt crystals and ending with PA 612 particles.
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Nurhamiyah Y, Amir A, Finnegan M, Themistou E, Edirisinghe M, Chen B. Wholly Biobased, Highly Stretchable, Hydrophobic, and Self-healing Thermoplastic Elastomer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6720-6730. [PMID: 33497571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Renewable polymers with excellent stretchability and self-healing ability are interesting for a wide range of applications. A novel type of wholly biobased, self-healing, polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomer was synthesized using a fatty dimer acid and a fatty dimer amine, both containing multiple alkyl chains, through facile one-pot condensation polymerization under different polymerization times. The resulting elastomer shows superior stretchability (up to 2286%), high toughness, and excellent shape recovery after being stretched to different strains. This elastomer also displays high room-temperature autonomous self-healing efficiency after fracture and zero water uptake during water immersion. The highly entangled main chain, the multiple dangling chains, the abundant reversible physical bonds, the intermolecular diffusion, and the low ratio of amide to methylene group within the elastomer are responsible for these extraordinary properties. The polymerization time influences the properties of the elastomer. The use of the optimal self-healing thermoplastic elastomer in anticorrosion coating, piezoresistive sensing, and highly stretchable fibers is also demonstrated. The elastomer coating prevents stainless-steel products from corrosion in a salty environment due to its superhydrophobicity. The elastomer serves as a robust flexible substrate for creating self-healing piezoresistive sensors with excellent repeatability and self-healing efficiency. The elastomer fiber yarn can be stretched to 950% of its original length confirming its outstanding stretchability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyen Nurhamiyah
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, United Kingdom
| | - Amalina Amir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Finnegan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Efrosyni Themistou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Biqiong Chen
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, United Kingdom
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Pronoitis C, Hakkarainen M, Odelius K. Long-chain polyamide covalent adaptable networks based on renewable ethylene brassylate and disulfide exchange. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain polyamide covalent adaptable networks with high strength and short relaxation times were prepared based on a renewable ethylene brassylate and disulfide exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Pronoitis
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Odelius
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Despotović V, Kordić B, Kovačević M, Petrović S, Jović B. Investigation of N H⋯O interactions in N-monosubstituted caproamide – Ether systems: FT–IR and FT–NIR spectroscopic study. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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