1
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Liu W, Yu W, Wang J, Gao J, Ding Y, Zhang S, Zheng Q. Enhanced mechanical and long-lasting antibacterial properties of starch/PBAT blown films via designing of reactive micro-crosslinked starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131366. [PMID: 38580020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
A functional starch (TPS-E) was designed and constructed by incorporating epoxy soybean oil (ESO) and an antibacterial agent polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG), then the film was prepared by reaction extrusion and blow molding using TPS-E and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). The micro-crosslinking structure, forming through ring-opening reaction between the epoxy active site of TPS-E and the end group of PBAT, improved the compatibility of starch/PBAT blend and reduce the dispersed starch phase size, leading to significantly increase the tensile strength. Compared to starch/PBAT films, the tensile strength of TPS-E/PBAT in the longitudinal direction increase by 112% with the same starch content of 30%. Furthermore, these TPS-E/PBAT films demonstrated long-lasting antibacterial performance with a 98% inhibition ratio even after 10 cycles, without any observed leaching of the antibacterial agent, highlighting the high coupling efficiency of PHMG. TPS-E with the degradable ESO also promotes the degradation of PBAT. Thus, an important method of synergistic improving the mechanical, degradable and antibacterial properties of blown films through the design of reactive micro-crosslinked starch structures was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Liu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Wenwen Yu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030032, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Sitong Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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2
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Gomez-Caturla J, Ivorra-Martinez J, Fenollar O, Balart R, Garcia-Garcia D, Dominici F, Puglia D, Torre L. Development of starch-rich thermoplastic polymers based on mango kernel flour and different plasticizers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130773. [PMID: 38467211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
This work reports on the development of starch-rich thermoplastic based formulations produced by using mango kernel flour, avoiding the extraction process of starch from mango kernel to produce these materials. Glycerol, sorbitol and urea at 15 wt% are used as plasticizers to obtain thermoplastic starch (TPS) formulations by extrusion and injection-moulding processes. Mechanical results show that sorbitol and urea allowed to obtain samples with tensile strength and elongation at break higher than the glycerol-plasticized sample, achieving values of 2.9 MPa of tensile strength and 42 % of elongation at break at 53 % RH. These results are supported by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs, where a limited concentration of voids was observed in the samples with sorbitol and urea, indicating a better interaction between starch and the plasticizers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that urea and sorbitol increase the thermal stability of TPS in comparison to the glycerol-plasticized sample. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic-mechanical-thermal analysis (DMTA) verify the increase in stiffness of the sorbitol and urea plasticized TPS and also illustrate an increase in the glass transition temperature of both samples in comparison to the glycerol-plasticized sample. Glass transition temperatures of 45 °C were achieved for the sample with sorbitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Gomez-Caturla
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Juan Ivorra-Martinez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Octavio Fenollar
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Rafael Balart
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Daniel Garcia-Garcia
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Franco Dominici
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, University of Perugia UdR INSTM, Strada di Pentima, 4 - 05100 Terni, (TR), Italy.
| | - Debora Puglia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, University of Perugia UdR INSTM, Strada di Pentima, 4 - 05100 Terni, (TR), Italy.
| | - Luigi Torre
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, University of Perugia UdR INSTM, Strada di Pentima, 4 - 05100 Terni, (TR), Italy.
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3
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Chen Y, Dai J, Shen X, Shan J, Cao Y, Chen T, Ying H, Zhu C, Li M. Xylan cinnamoylation for reinforcing poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate): Molecule design and interaction optimization. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121592. [PMID: 38142090 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
PBAT composites with biomass fillers have gained considerable attention as alternatives to non-biodegradable plastics. This work employed xylan derivatives as fillers for PBAT composites. Xylan was modified by introducing cinnamoyl side groups which limit the hydrogen bonding and construct π-π stacking interactions with PBAT chains. The resultant xylan cinnamates (XCi) show degree of substitution (DS) of 0.55-1.89, glass-transition temperatures (Tg) of 146.5-175.0 °C and increased hydrophobicity, which can be simply controlled by varying the molar ratio of reactants. NMR results demonstrate that the C3-OH of xylopyranosyl unit is more accessible to cinnamoylation. XCi fillers (30-50 wt%) were incorporated into PBAT through melt compounding. The filler with a DS of 0.97 exhibited the optimal reinforcing effect, showing superior tensile strength (19.4 MPa) and elongation at break (330.9 %) at a high filling content (40 wt%), which is even beyond the neat PBAT. SEM and molecular dynamics simulation suggest improved compatibility and strengthened molecular interaction between XCi and PBAT, which explains the suppressed melting/crystallization behavior, the substantial increase in Tg (-34.5 → -1.8 °C) and the superior mechanical properties of the composites. This research provides valuable insights into the preparation of high-performance composites by designing the molecular architecture of xylan and optimizing the associated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie Dai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Junqiang Shan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yulian Cao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tianpeng Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China.
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4
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Hu D, Xu Y, Gao C, Meng L, Feng X, Wang Z, Shen X, Tang X. Preparation and characterization of starch/PBAT film containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/ethyl lauroyl arginate/cinnamon essential oil microcapsules and its application in the preservation of strawberry. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129204. [PMID: 38185302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) was emulsified by hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/ ethyl lauroyl arginate (HPCD/LAE) complex to make nanoemulsions, which were then incorporated into maltodextrin (MD) to prepare HPCD/LAE/CEO/MD microcapsules by spray drying. The starch/polybutylene adipate terephthalate (starch/PBAT, SP) based extrusion-blowing films containing above microcapsules were developed and used as packaging materials for strawberry preservation. The morphology, encapsulation efficiency, thermal and antibacterial properties of microcapsules with different formulations were investigated. The effects of microcapsules on the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of SP films were evaluated. When the formula was 4 % HPCD/LAE-3% CEO-10% MD (HL-3C-MD), the microcapsule had the smallest particle size (3.3 μm), the highest encapsulation efficiency (84.51 %) of CEO and the best antibacterial effect. The mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the SP film were enhanced while the water vapor transmittance and oxygen permeability decreased with the incorporation of HL-3C-MD microcapsules. The films effectively reduced the weight loss rate (49.03 %), decay rate (40.59 %) and the total number of colonies (2.474 log CFU/g) and molds (2.936 log CFU/g), thus extending the shelf life of strawberries. This study revealed that the developed SP films containing HPCD/LAE/CEO microcapsules had potential applications in degradable bioactive food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaoyao Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chengcheng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linghan Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenjiong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaozhi Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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5
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He X, Zhang F, Li C, Ding W, Jin Y, Tang L, Huang R. Effect of Starch Plasticization on Morphological, Mechanical, Crystalline, Thermal, and Optical Behavior of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/Thermoplastic Starch Composite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:326. [PMID: 38337215 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Starches plasticized with glycerol/citric acid/stearic acid and tributyl 2-acetylcitrate (ATBC), respectively, were processed with poly (butylene adipate-Co-terephthalate (PBAT) via extrusion and a film-blown process. All the composite films were determined for morphology, mechanical, thermal stability, crystalline, and optical properties. Results show that the most improved morphology was in the 30% glycerol plasticized PBAT/thermoplastic starch (TPS) composite films, characterized by the smallest and narrowest distribution of TPS particle sizes and a more uniform dispersion of TPS particles. However, the water absorption of PBAT/TPS composite films plasticized with glycerol surpassed that observed with ATBC as a plasticizer. Mechanical properties indicated insufficient plasticization of the starch crystal structure when using 10% ATBC, 20% ATBC, and 20% glycerol as plasticizers, leading to poor compatibility between PBAT and TPS. This resulted in stress concentration points under external forces, adversely affecting the mechanical properties of the composites. All PBAT/TPS composite films exhibited a negative impact on the initial thermal decomposition temperature compared to PBAT. Additionally, the haze value of PBAT/TPS composite films exceeded 96%, while pure PBAT had a haze value of 47.42%. Films plasticized with 10% ATBC, 20% ATBC, and 20% glycerol displayed lower transmittance values in the visible light region. The increased transmittance of films plasticized with 30% glycerol further demonstrated their superior plasticizing effect compared to other PBAT/TPS composite films. This study provides a simple and feasible method for preparing low-cost PBAT composites, and their extensions are expected to further replace general-purpose plastics in daily applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan He
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Fuhong Zhang
- Sanmen Megatron Tech. Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Weiwei Ding
- Sanmen Megatron Tech. Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Lisheng Tang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Ran Huang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Academy for Engineering and Applied Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Wang J, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Shang P, Yang S, Zhang B, Liu A, Liu J, Xie J, Xu J. POSS (epoxy)8 reinforced poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/lignin biodegradable films: Fabrication, enhanced mechanical properties and UV aging resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:127921. [PMID: 37944741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the white pollution, the eco-friendly biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)-based films had attracted increasing interests worldwide. However, the high-cost of the PBAT had limited the large-scale development and application. In this work, 10 wt% low-cost lignin was introduced into the PBAT to prepare composite films by melt blending and blow molding, and the POSS(epoxy)8 was selected as the compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of PBAT and lignin. The maximum tensile strength and the nominal strain at break subsequently increased by 48.2 % and 21.4 % respectively, while the water vapor permeability enhanced by 9.9 %. Furthermore, the UV aging resistance of PBAT/lignin films were significantly improved, with only 1 wt% POSS(epoxy)8 content. This work provides an efficient strategy to foster the end-user confidence in the low-cost and eco-friendly biodegradable polymer materials with efficient performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yikai Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Pengpeng Shang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Shangshan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Anran Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jiazhuo Xie
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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7
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Surendren A, Pal AK, Rodriguez-Uribe A, Shankar S, Lim LT, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Upcycling of post-industrial starch-based thermoplastics and their talc-filled sustainable biocomposites for single-use plastic alternative. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126751. [PMID: 37678682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized post-industrial wheat starch (biological macromolecule) for the development of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) based thermoplastic starch blend (TPS) and biocomposite films. PBAT (70 wt%) was blended with plasticized post-industrial wheat starch (PPWS) (30 wt%) and reinforced with talc master batch (MB) (25 wt%) using a two-step process, consisting of compounding the blend for pellet preparation, followed by the cast film extrusion at 160 °C. The effect of the chain extender was analyzed at compounding temperatures of 160 and 180 °C for talc-based composites. The incorporation of talc MB has increased the thermal stability of the biocomposites due to the nucleating effect of talc. Moreover, tensile strength and Young's modulus increased by about 5 and 517 %, respectively as compared with the TPS blend film without talc MB. Thermal, rheological, and morphological analyses confirmed that the use of talc in the presence of chain extender at a processing temperature of 160 °C has resulted in an enhanced dispersion of talc and chain entanglement with PBAT and PPWS than PBAT/PPWS blend and PBAT/PPWS/Talc composite films. On the other hand, at 180 °C, the talc-containing biocomposite with chain extender tended to form PPWS agglomerates, thereby weakening its material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarsha Surendren
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Pal
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Arturo Rodriguez-Uribe
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shiv Shankar
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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8
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Chen PH, Chen CW, Mao HI, Dai CA, Su CS, Tsai JC, Lin FH. Bio-Based PLA/PBS/PBAT Ternary Blends with Added Nanohydroxyapatite: A Thermal, Physical, and Mechanical Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4585. [PMID: 38232012 PMCID: PMC10708084 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The physical and mechanical properties of novel bio-based polymer blends of polylactic acid (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with various added amounts of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) were investigated in this study. The formulations of PLA/PBS/PBAT/nHA blends were divided into two series, A and B, containing 70 or 80 wt% PLA, respectively. Samples of four specimens per series were prepared using a twin-screw extruder, and different amounts of nHA were added to meet the regeneration needs of bone graft materials. FTIR and XRD analyses were employed to identify the presence of each polymer and nHA in the various blends. The crystallization behavior of these blends was examined using DSC. Tensile and impact strength tests were performed on all samples to screen feasible formulations of polymer blends for bone graft material applications. Surface morphology analyses were conducted using SEM, and the dispersion of nHA particles in the blends was further tested using TEM. The added nHA also served as a nucleating agent aimed at improving the crystallinity and mechanical properties of the blends. Through the above analyses, the physical and mechanical properties of the polymer blends are reported and the most promising bone graft material formulations are suggested. All blends were tested for thermal degradation analysis using TGA and thermal stability was confirmed. The water absorption experiments carried out in this study showed that the addition of nHA could improve the hydrophilicity of the blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wen Chen
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan;
| | - Hsu-I Mao
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-An Dai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
| | - Chie-Shaan Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Chin Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan;
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
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9
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Baniasadi H, Madani Z, Mohan M, Vaara M, Lipponen S, Vapaavuori J, Seppälä JV. Heat-Induced Actuator Fibers: Starch-Containing Biopolyamide Composites for Functional Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48584-48600. [PMID: 37787649 PMCID: PMC10591286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces the development of a thermally responsive shape-morphing fabric using low-melting-point polyamide shape memory actuators. To facilitate the blending of biomaterials, we report the synthesis and characterization of a biopolyamide with a relatively low melting point. Additionally, we present a straightforward and solvent-free method for the compatibilization of starch particles with the synthesized biopolyamide, aiming to enhance the sustainability of polyamide and customize the actuation temperature. Subsequently, homogeneous dispersion of up to 70 wt % compatibilized starch particles into the matrix is achieved. The resulting composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties comparable to those reported for soft and tough materials, making them well suited for textile integration. Furthermore, cyclic thermomechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the shape memory and shape recovery of both plain polyamide and composites. The results confirmed their remarkable shape recovery properties. To demonstrate the potential application of biocomposites in textiles, a heat-responsive fabric was created using thermoresponsive shape memory polymer actuators composed of a biocomposite containing 50 wt % compatibilized starch. This fabric demonstrates the ability to repeatedly undergo significant heat-induced deformations by opening and closing pores, thereby exposing hidden functionalities through heat stimulation. This innovative approach provides a convenient pathway for designing heat-responsive textiles, adding value to state-of-the-art smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Zahra Madani
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mithila Mohan
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maija Vaara
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Lipponen
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jukka V. Seppälä
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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10
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Xu M, Yan X, Li F, Xiao Y, Li J, Liu Z, He H, Li Y, Zhu Z. Fabrication high toughness poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch composites via melt compounding with ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126446. [PMID: 37633569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of biodegradable composites with high toughness and low cost is of great significance for their application and promotion in the packaging field. As a renewable and biodegradable material with abundant sources, the inclusion of starch in biodegradable composites can significantly reduce costs. However, the poor compatibility between starch and matrix severely limits its large-scale practical application. In this work, the poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch/ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (PBAT/TPS/EGMA) blends with high toughness were prepared by melt compounding. The elongation at break increased significantly from 533 ± 125 % for the PBAT/TPS(60/40) blend to 1188 ± 28 % for the PBAT/TPS/EGMA(60/40/2) blend. According to the analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the toughness improvement brought about by the addition of EGMA can be attributed to the enhanced compatibility between PBAT and TPS and the refinement of TPS particle size. The knowledge obtained from this study provides a method to enhance the toughness of biodegradable polymer composites with high TPS loading, which will facilitate the practical application of starch in the packing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- COFCO (Jilin) Bio-Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Fengqing Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Yang Xiao
- COFCO (Jilin) Bio-Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Jiqian Li
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- COFCO (Jilin) Bio-Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Hezhi He
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.
| | - Yi Li
- COFCO (Jilin) Bio-Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130033, PR China.
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.
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11
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Zhang Q, Huang J, Zhou N. Toughening Enhancement Mechanism and Performance Optimization of Castor-Oil-Based Polyurethane Cross-Linked Modified Polybutylene Adipate/Terephthalate Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6256. [PMID: 37763534 PMCID: PMC10532669 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polyol castor oil (CO) and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) were selected to modify PBAT, and castor-oil-based polyurethane (COP) was produced in a PBAT matrix using melt-blending and hot-pressing technology to study the effect of network cross-linking structure on various properties of bio-based polyester PBAT, aiming to introduce CO and TDI to improve the mechanical properties of composite materials. The results showed that when the total addition of CO and TDI was 15%, and the ratio of the hydroxyl group of CO to the isocyanate group of TDI was 1:1, the mechanical properties were the best. The tensile strength of the composite was 86.19% higher than that of pure PBAT, the elongation at break was 70.09% higher than that of PBAT, and the glass transition temperature was 7.82 °C higher than that of pure PBAT. Therefore, the composite modification of PBAT by CO and TDI can effectively improve the heat resistance and mechanical properties of PBAT-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Na Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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12
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Lu J, Qiu Y, Muhmood A, Zhang L, Wang P, Ren L. Appraising co-composting efficiency of biodegradable plastic bags and food wastes: Assessment microplastics morphology, greenhouse gas emissions, and changes in microbial community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162356. [PMID: 36822427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastic bags (BPBs) to collect food waste and microplastics (MPs) produced from their biodegradation have received considerable scientific attention recently. Therefore, the current study was carried out to assess the co-composting efficiency of biodegradable plastic bags (polylactic acid (PLA) + polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) + ST20 and PLA + PBAT+MD25) and food waste. The variations in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, microbial community and compost fertility were likewise assessed. Compared with the control, PLA + PBAT+ST20 and PLA + PBAT+MD25 both accelerated organic matter degradation and increased temperature. Moreover, PLA + PBAT+ST20 aggravated CH4 and CO2 emissions by 12.10 % and 11.01 %, respectively. PLA + PBAT+MD25 decreased CH4 and CO2 emissions by 5.50 % and 9.12 %, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with PLA + PBAT+ST20, the combined effect of plasticizer and inorganic additive in PLA + PBAT+MD25, reduced the NO3--N contents, seed germination index (GI) and compost maturity. Furthermore, adding BPBs changed the richness and diversity of the bacterial community (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes). Likewise, redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the co-compost system of BPBs and food waste accelerated significantly bacterial community succession from Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at the initial stage to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria at the mature stage, increased co-compost temperature to over 64 °C and extended thermophilic composting phase, and promoted the degradation of MPs. Additionally, according to structural equation model quantification results, the inorganic additive of PLA + PBAT+MD25 had more serious toxicity to microorganisms and had significantly adverse effects on GI through CO2-C (λ = -0.415, p < 0.05) and NO3--N (λ = -0.558, p < 0.001), thus reduced compost fertility and quality. The results also indicated that the BPBs with ST20 as an additive could be more suitable for industrial composting than the BPBs with MD25 as an additive. This study provided a vital basis for understanding the potential environmental and human health risks of the MPs' generated by the degradation of BPBs in compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Lu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yizhan Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Atif Muhmood
- Institute of Soil Chemistry & Environmental sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Luxi Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Lianhai Ren
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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13
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Niu Z, Chen F, Zhang H, Liu C. High Content of Thermoplastic Starch, Poly(butylenes adipate-co-terephthalate) and Poly(butylene succinate) Ternary Blends with a Good Balance in Strength and Toughness. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092040. [PMID: 37177187 PMCID: PMC10181405 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ternary blends of a high content of thermoplastic starch (TPS), poly(butylenes adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were first melt-compounded in a twin screw extruder. The TPS contents in ternary blends were fixed at 60 wt%. The miscibility, morphology, thermal behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal resistance of the blends were investigated. The results showed that dispersions of PBS and PBAT minor phases improved the tensile strength and elongation at break. TPS/PBS/PBAT60/10/30 formed a good balance in strength and toughness. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the blends exhibits an intermediate and peak suggesting the ternary blend is compatible. Minor phase-separated structure SEM results showed that TPS/PBS/PBAT60/10/30 blend formed a typical mixture with core-shell morphology. As the PBAT composition was increased, phase morphology changes occurred in the blends, leading to decreased values of complex viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus. Moreover, the thermal resistances and melt flow properties of the materials were also studied by analysis of the heat deflection temperature (HDT) and melt flow index (MFI) value in the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Niu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fangping Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - He Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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14
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Meng D, Zhu G, Sun J, Li H, Gu X, Zhang S. Study on the biodegradation of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate/starch film containing deep eutectic solvent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 332:117419. [PMID: 36731403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) has attracted much attention as a biodegradable polymer, but its biodegradation speed is slow. Starch was blended with PBAT to develop daily packing film with high biodegradation speed, and deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride (CHCl)/glycerol (Gly) (molar ratio of 1:2) was used as a novel plasticizer. The hydrophilic starch is in favor of the breeding of microorganisms, at the same time DES can provide energy for the breeding. The degradation was traced in a simulated composting test using kitchen waste. After the PBAT/starch-DES film was buried in a mixture of food residue for 90 D, the relative weight molecular weight (Mw) of the PBAT decreased by about 50%. Furthermore, with the help of DES, the compatibility between PBAT and starch was improved, the PBAT/starch-DES film became more transparent than the PBAT and PBAT/starch film, and its tensile strength reached 7.9 MPa with an elongation at break of 335.6%. This work provided a simple and efficient solution to obtain rapidly degradable films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guiyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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15
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Long Z, Wang W, Zhou Y, Yu L, Shen L, Dong Y. Effect of polybutylene adipate terephthalate on the properties of starch/polybutylene adipate terephthalate shape memory composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124452. [PMID: 37068541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the starch/polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) composite films with high starch content were prepared by hot-pressing and ultraviolet cross-linking methods using cassava starch, benzophenone (BP), degradable PBAT and citric acid as film-forming substrate, photosensitizer, toughening material and solvent, respectively. The results showed that starch and PBAT had excellent performance, resulting in the composites films exhibit robust tensile strength (9.90 MPa), decent elongation at break (500.05 %) and excellent shape memory property. Under 30 % pre-tensile strain, the shape memory fixity and recovery ratios reached 96.58 % and 93.94 %, respectively. In addition, the starch-based films were successfully rendered hydrophobic by PBAT hydrophobic characteristics. PBAT not only secures the biodegradability of the starch/PBAT composites films, but also improves the mechanical properties of them, and meets the requirements of the thermal shrinkage films when subjected to large strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomeng Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Laiming Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Luting Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yubing Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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16
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Recent advance in biomass membranes: Fabrication, functional regulation, and antimicrobial applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 305:120537. [PMID: 36737189 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Both inorganic and polymeric membranes have been widely applied for antimicrobial applications. However, these membranes exhibit low biocompatibility, weak biodegradability, and potential toxicity to human being and environment. Biomass materials serve as excellent candidates for fabricating functional membranes to address these problems due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. Here we present recent progress in the fabrication, functional regulation, and antimicrobial applications of various biomass-based membranes. We first introduce the types of biomass membranes and their fabrication methods, including the phase inversion, vacuum filtration, electrospinning, layer-by-layer self-assembly, and coating. Then, the strategies on functional regulation of biomass membranes by adding 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials are presented and analyzed. In addition, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral applications of biomass-based functional membranes are summarized. Finally, potential development aspects of biomass membranes are discussed and prospected. This comprehensive review is valuable for guiding the design, synthesis, structural/functional tailoring, and sustainable utilization of biomass membranes.
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17
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Thermal and crystalline properties of biodegradable PCL/PBAT shape memory blends. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-023-01157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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18
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Pal AK, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Silane treated starch dispersed PBAT/PHBV-based composites: Improved barrier performance for single-use plastic alternatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:1009-1022. [PMID: 36549624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to include 5 wt% silane-treated starch (S-t-Starch) into biodegradable flexible poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) blend matrix, which can facilitate superior barrier and balanced mechanical properties. With the intension of improving compatibilization between matrix and filler, starch (biological macromolecule) was efficiently treated with 15 wt% of 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane (GPTMS), a coupling agent. Various analyses such as barrier, mechanical, thermal, surface morphology and rheological were performed using cast extruded PBAT/PHBV-based composite films. Comprehensive characterizations suggested that cast extruded PBAT/PHBV with 5 wt% S-t-Starch composites exhibited 91 and 82 % improvement in oxygen and water vapor barrier, respectively, compared to PBAT film. The increment in % crystallinity (as supported by DSC analysis) of PBAT/PHBV/5%S-t-Starch composite due to the silane component was one of the reasons for barrier improvement. The other reason was the improved interfacial adhesion between matrix and S-t-Starch particles (as supported by SEM analysis), which restricted the mobility of the polymer chains. The elongation at break (%EB) of the cast extruded PBAT/PHBV/5%Starch film was slightly improved from 536 to 542 % after silane treatment. Hence, the developed polymer composite in this research work can contribute to flexible packaging applications that require improved barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Pal
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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19
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Feijoo P, Mohanty AK, Rodriguez-Uribe A, Gámez-Pérez J, Cabedo L, Misra M. Biodegradable blends from bacterial biopolyester PHBV and bio-based PBSA: Study of the effect of chain extender on the thermal, mechanical and morphological properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1291-1305. [PMID: 36423810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Being aware of the global problem of plastic pollution, our society is claiming new bioplastics to replace conventional polymers. Balancing their mechanical performance is required to increase their presence in the market. Brittleness of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was attempted to be decreased by melt blending with flexible starch-based poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA). An epoxy-functionalized chain extender was used to enhance interaction between both immiscible biopolyesters. Mechanical performance, morphology, rheology, and crystallization behavior of injection-molded PHBV-PBSA blends (70-30, 50-50, and 30-70 wt%) were assessed in the presence and absence of the chain extender. Crystallization of PHBV was hindered, which was reflected in the improvement of mechanical properties. When PBSA >50 %, the homogeneity of results increased within the same sample while for PHBV-PBSA 70-30 wt% the elongation was 45 % higher. During the flexural test, it changed from brittle to non-breakable. The additive did not change the type of morphology developed by each blend nor the toughening mechanisms, so impact strength was barely affected. However, it reduced the size of dispersed phase domains due to a viscosity change, improving their processability. The higher the PHBV in the blend, the higher the effect of the chain extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Feijoo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain; Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, 80 South Ring Road E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Arturo Rodriguez-Uribe
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, 80 South Ring Road E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 1Y4, Canada
| | - José Gámez-Pérez
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Luis Cabedo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, 80 South Ring Road E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 1Y4, Canada.
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20
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Yang F, Chen G, Li J, Zhang C, Ma Z, Zhao M, Yang Y, Han Y, Huang Z, Weng Y. Effects of Quercetin and Organically Modified Montmorillonite on the Properties of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/Thermoplastic Starch Active Packaging Films. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:663-672. [PMID: 36643425 PMCID: PMC9835550 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) film stands out owing to its acceptable price, low impact on the environment, and excellent mechanical properties. The main objective of this study was to improve the antioxidant properties of the PBAT/TPS film by incorporation of quercetin (Q) through the extrusion blow process. Another specific objective was to incorporate the organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) to prolong the release of Q and improve the poor barrier properties of the PBAT/TPS/Q film. The films were analyzed in terms of their morphology, mechanical properties, gas and water barrier properties, and antioxidant and anti-UV properties. Optimization of the OMMT content resulted in a fiber-like, co-continuous morphology of the PBAT/TPS/Q film. The incorporation of quercetin enhanced the antioxidant and anti-UV properties of the PBAT/TPS film, while OMMT improved the mechanical properties, ultraviolet barriers, and gas and water barrier properties. The results show that the films incorporating Q and OMMT provided the oxygen and water barrier by up to 94 and 54%, respectively. Also, the amount of polymer required for 50% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition is as low as 0.03 g, and the UV transmission rate was reduced by about 50%. Moreover, PBAT/TPS/Q/OMMT films successfully delayed the decay of the banana and blueberry due to their excellent antioxidant properties and suitable water vapor permeability.
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21
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Li X, Gao B, Zhang S. Adjusting hydrogen bond by Lever Principle to achieve high performance starch-based biodegradable films with low migration quantity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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22
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Lang H, Chen X, Tian J, Chen J, Zhou M, Lu F, Qian S. Effect of Microcrystalline Cellulose on the Properties of PBAT/Thermoplastic Starch Biodegradable Film with Chain Extender. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4517. [PMID: 36365511 PMCID: PMC9659196 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is a fully biodegradable polymer with toughness and ductility. It is usually compounded with thermoplastic starch (TPS) to balance the cost for manufacturing biodegradable films such as disposable plastic bags. However, blending with TPS reduces valuable tensile strength, which limits the bearing capacity of PBAT film. In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was employed as a reinforcement to strengthen the PBAT/TPS biodegradable film. The effect of MCC content on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the composite film were investigated. The optimal tensile strength and elongation at break reached 5.08 MPa and 230% when 4% MCC was added. The thermal stability and thermal resistance were improved with the addition of MCC; for example, Tmax increased by 1 °C and Tonset increased by 2-8 °C. Moreover, good compatibility among PBAT, TPS, and MCC can be achieved when the MCC content was below 6%. Consequently, the optimal MCC content was found to be 4%. These results could provide experimental data and method support for preparing high-performance PBAT hybrid films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Lang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xianlei Chen
- Zhoushan Institute of Calibration and Testing for Quality and Technology Supervision, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Jiarong Tian
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengna Zhou
- Zhoushan Institute of Calibration and Testing for Quality and Technology Supervision, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Fangfang Lu
- Zhoushan Institute of Calibration and Testing for Quality and Technology Supervision, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Shaoping Qian
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Zhai X, Zhang R, Wang W, Hou H. Relationship between phase morphologies and mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) composite films prepared by extrusion blowing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1356-1360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Ma YM, Gao FX, Zhang SL. Crystalline, Rheological and Mechanical Enhancement in PBAT/PPC/Silica Nanocomposites with Double Percolation Network. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Wongphan P, Panrong T, Harnkarnsujarit N. Effect of different modified starches on physical, morphological, thermomechanical, barrier and biodegradation properties of cassava starch and polybutylene adipate terephthalate blend film. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Li W, Huang J, Liu W, Qiu X, Lou H, Zheng L. Lignin modified
PBAT
composites with enhanced strength based on interfacial dynamic bonds. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jinhao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Hongming Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Shanghai Changfa New Material Co., Ltd Shanghai China
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The Use of Branching Agents in the Synthesis of PBAT. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091720. [PMID: 35566889 PMCID: PMC9100140 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polyesters represent an advanced alternative to polyolefin plastics in various applications. Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) can compete with polyolefins in terms of their mechanical characteristics and melt processing conditions. The properties of PBAT depend on the molecular weight, dispersity, and architecture of the copolymer. Long-chain branching (LCB) of the PBAT backbone is an efficient method for the improvement of the copolymer characteristics. In the present work, we studied branching agents (BAs) 1–7 of different structures in the two-stage polycondensation of 1,4-butanediol, dimethyl terephthalate, and adipic acid and investigated the composition and melt rheology of the copolymers. According to the results of the research, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane 2 and 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid 5 outperformed glycerol 1 as BAs in terms of shear thinning behavior and viscoelasticity.
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28
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Han C. Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly(vinyl acetate) blends with improved rheological and mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Preparation and characterization of starch-based nanocomposites reinforced by graphene oxide self-assembled on the surface of silanecouplingagent modified cellulose nanocrystals. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 198:187-193. [PMID: 34973977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dispersion of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in starch matrix limited its application. In this study, CNC modified by silanecouplingagent before graphene oxide (GO) self-assembled on the surface of modified CNC, then CNC-GO as a filler was used to prepare starch-based nanocomposite films (CS/CNC-GO). The structure of CNC-GO and CS/CNC-GO films and the properties of CS/CNC-GO films were studied by FT-IR, Raman, SEM, surface potential, UV-Vis, moisture absorption and tensile tests. The results showed that GO was successfully self-assembled on the surface of CNC modified by silanecouplingagent. CNC-GO was superior to CNC in reinforcing the strength of starch film, improving the transmittance of starch film and decreasing moisture rate of starch film. Tensile strength, elongation at break and transmittance of CS/CNC-GO film with 5 wt% CNC-GO reached maximum, which was 53.96 MPa, 3.72% and 38.76%, respectively. Moisture rate of CS/CNC-GO film with 3 wt% CNC-GO reached minimum that was 12.13%. These were assigned to the more uniform dispersion of CNC-GO in the starch matrix and the stronger interfacial interaction between starch and CNC-GO.
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Li G, Xia Y, Mu G, Yang Q, Zhou H, Lin X, Gao Y, Qian F. Phase Structure Analysis and Composition Optimization of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends. J MACROMOL SCI B 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2022.2030992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhong Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Materials Science, School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Materials Science, School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Department of Materials Science, School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojian Lin
- Department of Materials Science, School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanmei Gao
- Department of Materials Science, School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Fang Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Properties and Degradability of Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate)/Calcium Carbonate Films Modified by Polyethylene Glycol. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030484. [PMID: 35160473 PMCID: PMC8838338 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is a biodegradable polymer synthesized from petrochemical resources. PBAT has an exceptionally high elongation at break values which makes it one of the most promising substitutes for LDPE packaging films. However, the applicability of PBAT films is still limited by low strength and high production costs. In this work, we used polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG-600) as a coating agent to modify the surface of calcium carbonate and improve compatibility with the polymer matrix. A series of PBAT/CaCO3 composite films having different CaCO3 particle size and content of coating agent was prepared using extrusion blow molding. The effect of particle size of CaCO3 filler and the content of a coating agent on the mechanical and rheological properties of composite films have been studied. The biodegradation properties have been tested by burying the samples in soil or keeping them in artificial seawater for 90 days. It was shown that the addition of PEG-600 improves compatibility between the matrix and CaCO3 filler as polar –OH groups of PEG have a high affinity toward the polar surface of CaCO3. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of PEG-600 increased the diffusivity of water molecules and facilitated PBAT degradation. This work provides experimental data and theoretical guidance that support the development of high-performance PBAT/calcium carbonate films for the single use packaging industry.
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Abstract
The food packaging sector generates large volumes of plastic waste due to the high demand for packaged products with a short shelf-life. Biopolymers such as starch-based materials are a promising alternative to non-renewable resins, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly food packaging alternative for single-use products. This article provides a chronology of the development of starch-based materials for food packaging. Particular emphasis is placed on the challenges faced in processing these materials using conventional processing techniques for thermoplastics and other emerging techniques such as electrospinning and 3D printing. The improvement of the performance of starch-based materials by blending with other biopolymers, use of micro- and nano-sized reinforcements, and chemical modification of starch is discussed. Finally, an overview of recent developments of these materials in smart food packaging is given.
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33
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Degradable photo-crosslinked starch-based films with excellent shape memory property. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1685-1693. [PMID: 34748788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the increasingly serious plastic pollution, people's demand for the multi-functional biodegradable plastics is becoming more and more urgent. Inspired by the crosslinked shape memory polymers, the crosslinked starch films were synthesized by inducing the decomposition of benzophenone into free radical and depriving hydrogen on starch macromolecules under UV irradiation, in order to gain a high shape memory performance. The results showed that a three-dimensional crosslinking network between starch macromolecule chains was formed. Compared with the uncrosslinked starch films, the photo-crosslinked films not only had higher mechanical property (tensile strength increased by 154%), but also had better water resistance (water contact angle from 60° to 87°) due to the reduction of free hydroxyl groups. In addition, the stable covalent bonds serving as netpoints endow photo-crosslinked films with great improvement in shape memory property, with nearly 180° bending recovery. More importantly, the maximum shape memory fixity ratio (Rf) and shape memory recovery ratio (Rr) under stretch deformation were 96.5% and 99.8%, respectively. And the Rf and Rr could reach 94.6% and 79.8% even at higher strain. In all, the excellent shape memory performance and good degradability crosslinked starch films, which have great potential application in disposable heat-shrinkable packaging materials.
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Kontaxis LC, Kozaniti FK, Papanicolaou GC. Mechanical Behavior Modelling and Filler Geometry Effect of Glass Filler Reinforced Starch-Epoxy Hybrid Matrix Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216587. [PMID: 34772113 PMCID: PMC8585403 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the inclusion geometry and concentration effect on the quasi-static properties of a starch-epoxy hybrid matrix composite. The composites investigated consisted of a starch-epoxy hybrid matrix reinforced with four different glass inclusions such as 3 mm long chopped strands, 0.2 mm long short glass fibers, glass beads (120 μm in diameter) and glass bubbles (65 μm in diameter) at different concentrations. The flexural modulus and the strength of all materials tested were determined using three-point bending tests. The Property Prediction Model (PPM) was applied to predict the experimental findings. The model predicted remarkably well the mechanical behavior of all the materials manufactured and tested. The maximum value of the flexural modulus in the case of the 3 mm long chopped strands was found to be 75% greater than the modulus of the hybrid matrix. Furthermore, adding glass beads in the hybrid matrix led to a simultaneous increase in both the flexural modulus and the strength.
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36
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High content corn starch/Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) composites with high-performance by physical–chemical dual compatibilization. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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37
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Wang L, He J, Wang Q, Zhang J, Feng J. Lignin reinforced, water resistant, and biodegradable cassava starch/PBAT sandwich composite pieces. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Following the stipulation to replace nondegradable plastics with biodegradable materials in China, cost-effective and water-resistant packaging materials have become increasingly necessary. In this work, lignin reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch (TPS) pieces were prepared by filling glycerol and lignin powder into starch via a melt blending process and then being pressed into thin pieces. A mechanical properties test showed that following the addition of 3 wt% lignin, the tensile strength of the TPS piece was improved to 16.15 MPa from 3.71 MPa of the original TPS piece. The porous structures of the lignin powder tie the TPS macromolecular chains, induce higher crystallization, and thus provide higher tensile strength and lower elongation at break. After sandwiching two pieces of poly (butylene adipateco-terephthalate) (PBAT)/peanut shell powder composite thin film to each side of the TPS piece, the PBAT/TPS/PBAT sandwich gains excellent water resistance properties. However, as soon as the sandwich piece is cut into smaller ones, they absorb water quickly, implying such pieces can be biodegraded rapidly. These characteristics make it especially suitable for use in the preparation of cabinet waste bags, which are generally stirred into organic fertilizer with the cabinet waste. Slow degradation may negatively affect soil health and farm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Jun He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Qingdong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
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38
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Improved properties of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/calcium carbonate films through silane modification. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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