1
|
El-Sayed MM, Elhay ESA, Hawash MM, Sonbol HM, Taha SM. A closer look: obsessive-compulsive symptoms among intern nurses amidst COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:214. [PMID: 38549136 PMCID: PMC10976757 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distinctive circumstances and socio-cultural context in Egypt make it crucial to explore the psychological well-being of intern nurses amid the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the influence of fear of COVID-19 on obsessive-compulsive symptoms among intern nurses. METHODS A cross-sectional survey involving 375 randomly recruited intern nurses was conducted. Data collected included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the Short Version of the Arabic Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. RESULTS A significant relationship was found between the fear of COVID-19 and the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among the participants (r = 0.472, p = 0.000). A stepwise regression analysis indicated that the fear of COVID-19, living in urban regions, frequency of COVID-19 infection, and increased number of infected family members may contribute to the severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms with adjusted R2 value = 27.5%. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had significant psychological impacts on newly qualified nurses during their internship training period, including the manifestation of mental health symptoms such as Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms. It was observed that urban residents, intern nurses with recurrent COVID-19 infections, and those with more infected family members exhibited a higher severity of OCS. These findings underscore the need for further research to investigate additional factors that may influence OCS severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Metwally El-Sayed
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eman Sameh Abd Elhay
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manal Mohammed Hawash
- Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Samah Mohamed Taha
- Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wislocki K, Kratz HE, Martin G, Becker-Haimes EM. The Relationship Between Trauma Exposure and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Youth: A Systematic Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1624-1652. [PMID: 35488083 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extant literature suggests a possible relationship between childhood trauma exposure and the development and trajectory of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); however, this relationship is poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review that examined trauma exposure and OCS/OCD in youth. Primary inclusion criteria were English-language articles that addressed a sample with participants under 18 years of age. 46 articles met criteria for review, and were categorized into three groups of overlap: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and OCS or OCD (n = 3), clearly defined Criterion A event trauma exposure and OCS or OCD (n = 30), and less well-defined potential trauma exposure and OCS or OCD (n = 13). There was mixed evidence linking trauma exposure and the development of OCS or OCD in youth. Major methodological limitations preclude formal conclusions. More research on co-occurring trauma exposure and OCD/OCS in youth is needed to advance research and improve treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Wislocki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market St., #3001, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Hilary E Kratz
- Department of Psychology, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerald Martin
- Department of Psychology, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily M Becker-Haimes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market St., #3001, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pugi D, Angelo NL, Ragucci F, Garcia-Hernandez MD, Rosa-Alcázar AI, Pozza A. Longitudinal Course of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Three Years of Prospective Cohort Studies. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2023; 20:293-308. [PMID: 37791089 PMCID: PMC10544256 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective During the pandemic, there has been a slight increase in obsessive-compulsive symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical samples. Three years after the pandemic, we conducted the first systematic review of prospective cohort studies assessing temporal changes in obsessive-compulsive symptoms and their extent in both patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and community samples, regardless of age or socio-cultural background, during any phase of the pandemic. Method Prospective cohort studies were included if validated self-report questionnaires or standardized interviews for obsessive-compulsive symptoms were used. Studies that enrolled OCD patients were included if OCD was diagnosed before the outbreak of the pandemic. The following were our exclusion criteria: cross-sectional and case-control studies, single case studies, editorials, commentaries, and reviews. Studies assessing the effectiveness of an intervention were excluded. Results 15 studies were included. Overall, studies showed a small upsurge in obsessive-compulsive symptoms, especially washing/contamination symptoms, during the coronavirus outbreak. The severity of symptoms seemed to follow the pattern of restriction measures and the increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. Conclusions Factors contributing to the worsening of obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the pandemic were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pugi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, viale Mario Bracci 16 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicole Loren Angelo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, viale Mario Bracci 16 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Maria Dolores Garcia-Hernandez
- Department Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Espinardo Campus, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Rosa-Alcázar
- Department Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Espinardo Campus, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, viale Mario Bracci 16 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Psychology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, viale Mario Bracci 16 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Destrée L, Brierley MEE, Albertella L, Jobson L, Fontenelle LF. The effect of childhood trauma on the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:345-360. [PMID: 34425487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is associated with a range of psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, our understanding of the different types of childhood trauma and its impact on the different types and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) is still in its infancy. AIMS We conducted a systematic review to synthesise the current knowledge on the possible relationships between childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in clinical and non-clinical populations. METHODS We systematically searched four electronic databases for studies reporting on childhood trauma and OCS severity. Subsequently, we qualitatively synthesised results of eligible studies and effect sizes were also calculated. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included in this systematic review. Most studies used OCD samples (k = 16), with a few studies using a sample comprising of a range of psychiatric disorders (k = 6) and some studies using a general community sample (k = 2). Overall, there was support for a significant relationship between childhood trauma and OCS severity (8 out of 16 of the studies using OCD clinical samples, both studies using general population samples, and 5 out of 6 studies used mixed psychiatric samples). CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of a significant relationship between exposure to childhood trauma and OCS severity across clinical and non-clinical populations. Our results also suggest that a range rather than a single type of childhood trauma was associated with OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Destrée
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mary-Ellen E Brierley
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Jobson
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonardo F Fontenelle
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Obsessive, Compulsive, And Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fontenelle LF, Destrée L, Brierley ME, Thompson EM, Yücel M, Albertella L. Are different stressful or traumatic life events related to types of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders? An online study. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
6
|
Predictors of trajectories of obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population in Germany. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:323. [PMID: 34045444 PMCID: PMC8155650 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with an increase in obsessive-compulsive disorder/symptoms (OCD/OCS). However, knowledge is limited regarding the trajectories of OCS during the pandemic, as well as their predictors and mechanisms (e.g., experiential avoidance, EA). The aim of this study was to describe the trajectories of OCS and the identification of associated factors. We assessed 1207 participants of the general population in March 2020 (t1) and June 2020 (t2). Pre-pandemic data was available from March 2014 for a subsample (n = 519). To define trajectories, we determined OCS status (OCS+/-). We performed a hierarchical multinomial logistic regression to investigate predictors of trajectories. Between t1 and t2, 66% of participants had an asymptomatic trajectory (OCS-/OCS-); 18% had a continuously symptomatic trajectory (OCS+/OCS+). Ten percent had a delayed-onset trajectory (OCS-/OCS+), and the recovery trajectory group (OCS+/OCS-) was the smallest group (6%). Higher education reduced the odds of an OCS+/OCS- trajectory. OCS in 2014 was associated with increased odds of showing an OCS+/OCS+ or OCS-/OCS+ trajectory. When EA at t1 and change in EA from t1 to t2 were added to the model, higher EA at t1 was associated with increased odds of scoring above the cut score on one or more of the assessments. A higher decrease in EA from t1 to t2 reduced the probability of showing an OCS+/OCS+ and an OCS-/OCS+ trajectory. While the current data supports a slight increase in OCS during the pandemic, trajectories differed, and EA seems to represent an important predictor for an unfavorable development.
Collapse
|
7
|
Destrée L, Albertella L, Torres AR, Ferrão YA, Shavitt RG, Miguel EC, Fontenelle LF. Social losses predict a faster onset and greater severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 130:187-193. [PMID: 32828024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While stressful life events increase the risk of developing a range of psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), their ability to precipitate specific obsessive-compulsive symptoms' dimensions is unknown. Here we aimed to evaluate the potential role of three different types of stressful life events, herein termed losses (death of a loved one, termination of a romantic relationship and severe illness) in predicting the speed of progression from subclinical to clinical OCD and the severity of specific OCD dimensions in a large multicentre OCD sample. METHODS Nine hundred and fifty-four OCD outpatients from the Brazilian OCD Research Consortium were included in this study. Several semi-structured and structured instruments were used, including the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Yale OCD Natural History Questionnaire. Regression models investigated the interaction between types of loss and gender to predict speed of progression from subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms to OCD, and the severity of five symptom dimensions. RESULTS While termination of a relationship was associated with a faster speed of progression from subthreshold to clinical OCD, the death of a loved one was associated with increased severity of hoarding symptoms. There was also an interaction between gender and experiences of death, which predicted a faster speed of progression to OCD in males. CONCLUSIONS Stressful life events have the ability to accelerate the progression from subclinical to clinical OCD, as well as impact the severity of specific OCD dimensions. Gender also plays a role in both the progression and severity of symptoms. These findings suggest that stressful life events may represent a marker to identify individuals at risk of progressing to clinical OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Destrée
- Brain & Mental Health Research Hub, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- Brain & Mental Health Research Hub, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Albina R Torres
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Brazil
| | - Ygor A Ferrão
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Roseli G Shavitt
- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Euripedes C Miguel
- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Fontenelle
- Brain & Mental Health Research Hub, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Brazil; Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro & D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paul I, Saraf G, Chandra PS, Reddy YCJ. Obsessive compulsive-disorder and reproductive life events. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 52:102124. [PMID: 32361207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We explored the association between reproductive life events and the onset or exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among women in comparison with men with OCD. We chose men because there is some evidence of increased occurrence of OCD in expectant fathers as well. We recruited 150 eligible outpatients (58 men and 92 women) with OCD, who attended a specialty OCD Clinic over a period of one year. Occurrence of any life event including reproductive life events in the year before the onset of OCD was assessed using the Interview of Recent Life Events (IRLE). Reproductive life events in the year prior to onset of OCD were overrepresented in women compared to men. Postpartum onset and worsening of OCD was reported in 14 % and 11 % of women respectively. Menarche and menopause as life events were infrequently reported (3% and 1%). Symmetry obsessions and ordering compulsions were more common in women with post-partum onset of OCD than those without. Post-partum period seems to be associated with onset and exacerbation of OCD; therefore, routine screening for OCD during this period is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imon Paul
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Gayatri Saraf
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Prabha S Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Y C J Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| |
Collapse
|