1
|
Pujana-Vaquerizo M, Bozal-Basterra L, Carracedo A. Metabolic adaptations in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02762-z. [PMID: 38969865 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men and is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Among the molecular processes that contribute to this disease, the weight of metabolism has been placed under the limelight in recent years. Tumours exhibit metabolic adaptations to comply with their biosynthetic needs. However, metabolites also play an important role in supporting cell survival in challenging environments or remodelling the tumour microenvironment, thus being recognized as a hallmark in cancer. Prostate cancer is uniquely driven by androgen receptor signalling, and this knowledge has also influenced the paths of cancer metabolism research. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the metabolic adaptations that support prostate cancer progression beyond androgen signalling, with a particular focus on tumour cell intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Pujana-Vaquerizo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bozal-Basterra
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain.
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Traslational Prostate Cancer Research Lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Baracaldo, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sultan DH, Ghebrezadik DG, Smith DS, Ombengi DN, Ayedun L, Luke FE, Demery JL, Scoggins CT, Penn-Marshall M. A Problem in NIH and Federally Funded Prostate Cancer Interventional Clinical Trials. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01737-9. [PMID: 37552424 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, diagnosed in 41.1% of African American (AA) men, is a risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence, progression, and increased mortality. Obesity is associated with aggressive PCa only in AA men and not White American (WA) men. The overall health of AA PCa patients is also more likely to be adversely affected by comorbid type 2 diabetes (T2D), often an outcome of obesity and a cause of reduced odds of PCa survival. This evidence suggests that preventing and controlling comorbid obesity and T2D in AA men diagnosed with PCa should be a research funding priority. AIM The aim of this study is to determine if federally funded PCa clinical trials controlled T2D and obesity. METHODS Completed interventional PCa clinical trials conducted in the USA, funded by the NIH or other federal agency, which included males aged 18-64 years, and reported study protocols were included in the study. We examined the intervention modalities used in the trials to determine if any attempted to control obesity and T2D. RESULTS Fifty-eight trials met the study inclusion criteria. Of these 11 were excluded from the analysis as they did not report AA men. A total of 5802 men participated in the remaining 47 trials. Of these, 917 (15.8%) were AA and 4885 (84.2%) were WA men. Forty (85.1%) trials used pharmaceutical medication therapies or other clinical procedures. None of the medications or clinical procedures used were indicated for treatment of obesity and T2D. 5 (10.6%) trials addressed treatment preferences, survivorship, coping, function, and incontinence among PCa patients. Only 2 (4.25%) trials examined weight loss and diet. CONCLUSIONS None of the completed federally funded PCa clinical trials that included AA men used methods to control T2D. Only an insignificant number (4.25%) attempted to control obesity. This gap in therapeutic optimization to control these comorbid conditions indicates a critical area in need of federal funding priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawood H Sultan
- Mercer University, College of Health Professions, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | - Desiree S Smith
- Mercer University, College of Health Professions, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lolade Ayedun
- Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Faith E Luke
- Mercer University, College of Health Professions, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Janee L Demery
- Mercer University, College of Health Professions, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chris T Scoggins
- Mercer University, College of Health Professions, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Berenguer CV, Pereira F, Câmara JS, Pereira JAM. Underlying Features of Prostate Cancer-Statistics, Risk Factors, and Emerging Methods for Its Diagnosis. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:2300-2321. [PMID: 36826139 PMCID: PMC9955741 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently occurring type of malignant tumor and a leading cause of oncological death in men. PCa is very heterogeneous in terms of grade, phenotypes, and genetics, displaying complex features. This tumor often has indolent growth, not compromising the patient's quality of life, while its more aggressive forms can manifest rapid growth with progression to adjacent organs and spread to lymph nodes and bones. Nevertheless, the overtreatment of PCa patients leads to important physical, mental, and economic burdens, which can be avoided with careful monitoring. Early detection, even in the cases of locally advanced and metastatic tumors, provides a higher chance of cure, and patients can thus go through less aggressive treatments with fewer side effects. Furthermore, it is important to offer knowledge about how modifiable risk factors can be an effective method for reducing cancer risk. Innovations in PCa diagnostics and therapy are still required to overcome some of the limitations of the current screening techniques, in terms of specificity and sensitivity. In this context, this review provides a brief overview of PCa statistics, reporting its incidence and mortality rates worldwide, risk factors, and emerging screening strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina V. Berenguer
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Ferdinando Pereira
- SESARAM—Serviço de Saúde da Região Autónoma da Madeira, EPERAM, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Avenida Luís de Camões 6180, 9000-177 Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Giaquinto AN, Miller KD, Tossas KY, Winn RA, Jemal A, Siegel RL. Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022. CA Cancer J Clin 2022; 72:202-229. [PMID: 35143040 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
African American/Black individuals have a disproportionate cancer burden, including the highest mortality and the lowest survival of any racial/ethnic group for most cancers. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for Black people in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence (herein through 2018), mortality (through 2019), survival, screening, and risk factors using population-based data from the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2022, there will be approximately 224,080 new cancer cases and 73,680 cancer deaths among Black people in the United States. During the most recent 5-year period, Black men had a 6% higher incidence rate but 19% higher mortality than White men overall, including an approximately 2-fold higher risk of death from myeloma, stomach cancer, and prostate cancer. The overall cancer mortality disparity is narrowing between Black and White men because of a steeper drop in Black men for lung and prostate cancers. However, the decline in prostate cancer mortality in Black men slowed from 5% annually during 2010 through 2014 to 1.3% during 2015 through 2019, likely reflecting the 5% annual increase in advanced-stage diagnoses since 2012. Black women have an 8% lower incidence rate than White women but a 12% higher mortality; further, mortality rates are 2-fold higher for endometrial cancer and 41% higher for breast cancer despite similar or lower incidence rates. The wide breast cancer disparity reflects both later stage diagnosis (57% localized stage vs 67% in White women) and lower 5-year survival overall (82% vs 92%, respectively) and for every stage of disease (eg, 20% vs 30%, respectively, for distant stage). Breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among Black women in 2019. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce stark cancer inequalities in the Black community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela N Giaquinto
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly D Miller
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katherine Y Tossas
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert A Winn
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng K, Chen S, Hu X. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1 Alpha: A Double-Edged Sword in Prostate Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:541-559. [PMID: 35362394 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220330194149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α/PPARGC1A) is a pivotal transcriptional coactivator involved in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, including biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. PGC-1α is finely regulated by AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPKs), the role of which in tumors remains controversial to date. In recent years, a growing amount of research on PGC-1α and tumor metabolism has emphasized its importance in a variety of tumors, including prostate cancer (PCA). Compelling evidence has shown that PGC-1α may play dual roles in promoting and inhibiting tumor development under certain conditions. Therefore, a better understanding of the critical role of PGC-1α in PCA pathogenesis will provide new insights into targeting PGC-1α for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we highlight the procancer and anticancer effects of PGC-1α in PCA and aim to provide a theoretical basis for targeting AMPK/PGC-1α to inhibit the development of PCA. In addition, our recent findings provide a candidate drug target and theoretical basis for targeting PGC-1α to regulate lipid metabolism in PCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zheng
- Department of urology, Shanghai Sixth People\'s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People\'s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People\'s Hospital, China
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People\'s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McDonald AC, Gernand J, Geyer NR, Wu H, Yang Y, Wang M. Ambient air exposures to arsenic and cadmium and overall and prostate cancer-specific survival among prostate cancer cases in Pennsylvania, 2004 to 2014. Cancer 2022; 128:1832-1839. [PMID: 35195279 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposures to arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) have been associated with higher prostate cancer (PC) mortality; however, these associations have been inconsistent. The authors investigated whether higher ambient air concentrations of As and Cd are associated with lower overall and PC-specific survival among PC cases in Pennsylvania. METHODS Incident PC cases of patients, aged 40 years or older, with a clinical diagnosis and nonmetastatic disease were identified in the 2004 to 2014 Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic information were extracted from the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. The 3- and 5-year average and cumulative air concentrations of As and Cd were extracted from the Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory database. Spatial-temporal hierarchical accelerated failure time models were used to examine the associations between air concentrations of As and Cd and overall and PC-specific survival for the total population and stratified by geographical region defined by rurality and Appalachia status, after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS There were 78,914 PC cases included. Increasing 3- and 5-year average and cumulative air concentrations of As and Cd were significantly associated with lower overall and PC-specific survival among cases, after adjusting for confounders, for the total population, and stratified by geographical region for most of the estimates. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest that increasing ambient air exposures to As and Cd may play a role in overall and PC-specific mortality risk among PC cases. Exposures to As and Cd are modifiable and may provide insight into potential strategies to improve PC health outcomes. LAY SUMMARY Arsenic and cadmium exposures linked to increased prostate cancer deaths remain unclear. We investigated whether air levels of arsenic and cadmium reported to be released from industries decrease overall and prostate cancer-specific survival among prostate cancer cases identified in the 2004 to 2014 Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. Among the 78,914 prostate cancer cases, increasing air levels of arsenic and cadmium are found to be associated with lower overall and prostate cancer-specific survival for the total population and within rural and urban Appalachia and urban non-Appalachia counties in Pennsylvania. Reducing exposures to arsenic and cadmium have the potential to decrease prostate cancer deaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C McDonald
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeremy Gernand
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathaniel R Geyer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongke Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanxu Yang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiménez-Vacas JM, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Gómez-Gómez E, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Ruiz-Pino F, Guler I, Camargo A, Anglada FJ, Carrasco-Valiente J, Tena-Sempere M, Sarmento-Cabral A, Castaño JP, Gahete MD, Luque RM. In1-Ghrelin Splicing Variant as a Key Element in the Pathophysiological Association Between Obesity and Prostate Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4956-e4968. [PMID: 34255835 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent studies emphasize the importance of considering the metabolic status to develop personalized medicine approaches. This is especially relevant in prostate cancer (PCa), wherein the diagnostic capability of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dramatically drops when considering patients with PSA levels ranging from 3 to 10 ng/mL, the so-called grey zone. Hence, additional noninvasive diagnostic and/or prognostic PCa biomarkers are urgently needed, especially in the metabolic-status context. OBJECTIVE To assess the potential relation of urine In1-ghrelin (a ghrelin-splicing variant) levels with metabolic-related/pathological conditions (eg, obesity, diabetes, body mass index, insulin and glucose levels) and to define its potential clinical value in PCa (diagnostic/prognostic capacity) and relationship with PCa risk in patients with PSA in the grey zone. METHODS Urine In1-ghrelin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in a clinically, metabolically, pathologically well-characterized cohort of patients without (n = 397) and with (n = 213) PCa with PSA in the grey zone. RESULTS Key obesity-related factors associated with PCa risk (BMI, diabetes, glucose and insulin levels) were strongly correlated to In1-ghrelin levels. Importantly, In1-ghrelin levels were higher in PCa patients compared to control patients with suspect of PCa but negative biopsy). Moreover, high In1-ghrelin levels were associated with increased PCa risk and linked to PCa aggressiveness (eg, tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion). In1-ghrelin levels added significant diagnostic value to a clinical model consisting of age, suspicious digital rectal exam, previous biopsy, and PSA levels. Furthermore, a multivariate model consisting of clinical and metabolic variables, including In1-ghrelin levels, showed high specificity and sensitivity to diagnose PCa (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.740). CONCLUSIONS Urine In1-ghrelin levels are associated with obesity-related factors and PCa risk and aggressiveness and could represent a novel and valuable noninvasive PCa biomarker, as well as a potential link in the pathophysiological relationship between obesity and PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ipek Guler
- Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre (L-BioStat), Katholiek Universiteit (KU) Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Anglada
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julia Carrasco-Valiente
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - André Sarmento-Cabral
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Down-regulation of RBP4 indicates a poor prognosis and correlates with immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228242. [PMID: 33834191 PMCID: PMC8055798 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has indicated that metabolically related genes play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the associations between novel biomarkers and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) for predicting clinical HCC outcomes, hub-related genes, pathway regulation, and immune cells infiltration. Bioinformatic analyses based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were performed using online analysis tools. RBP4 expression was low in HCC and was also down-regulated in pan-cancers compared with normal tissues. RBP4 expression was also significantly different based on age (41–60 years old versus 61–80 years old), and low RBP4 expression levels were associated with advanced tumor stages and grades. Higher RBP4 expression was associated with better overall survival time in HCC patients, and we identified a deletion-mutation rate of 1.4% in RBP4. We also identified ten co-expressed genes most related to RBP4 and explored the relationships between six hub genes (APOB, FGA, FGG, SERPINC1, APOA1, and F2) involved in RBP4 regulation. A pathway enrichment analysis for RBP4 indicated complement and coagulation cascades, metabolic pathways, antibiotic biosynthesis pathways, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathways, and pyruvate metabolism pathways. These results suggest that RBP4 may be a novel biomarker for HCC prognosis, and an indicator of low immune response to the disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheng Y, Meng Y, Li S, Cao D, Ben S, Qin C, Hua L, Cheng G. Genetic variants in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway genes and risk of prostate cancer. Gene 2021; 774:145432. [PMID: 33444688 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have found the relationship between cholesterol biosynthesis pathway genes and the risk or prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa), while there is no definite evidence that genetic variants in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway gene is related to PCa risk. Consequently, we performed this study to explore the associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway with PCa risk. We systematically evaluated the association of SNPs in 21 cholesterol biosynthesis pathway genes with the risk of PCa using the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial database using a logistic regression model. Gene expression data of PCa from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were applied for mRNA expression analysis. The TCGA database was used to perform expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis. The interaction between demographic factors and SNPs was analyzed using two-by-four tables. We found T allele of rs67415672 in HMGCS1 is a significant protective allele of PCa [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83-0.97, P = 4.16 × 10-3]. Moreover, rs67415672 was an eQTL for HMGCS1 (P = 2.23 × 10-6). The expression of HMGCS1 significantly decreased in PCa primary tumors than that in normal tissues. These findings indicated that the HMGCS1 rs67415672 might be possible functional susceptibility loci for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Cheng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Meng
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongliang Cao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Ben
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Hua
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Association of Periprostatic Fat and Grade Group Progression in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance. J Urol 2021; 205:122-128. [PMID: 32718204 PMCID: PMC9810079 DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence suggests that visceral fat quantity may be associated with post-prostatectomy outcomes and risk of prostate cancer related death. We evaluated whether increased fat volume, normalized to prostate size, is associated with decreased risk of disease progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients enrolled on a prospective active surveillance trial for at least 6 months who had magnetic resonance imaging within 2 years of enrollment were eligible. The surveillance protocol included a standardized followup regimen consisting of biennial prostate specific antigen and examination and yearly biopsy. Clinicopathological characteristics were collected at baseline. Three fat measurements were taken using prostate magnetic resonance imaging, including subcutaneous, linear periprostatic (pubic symphysis to prostate) and volumetrically defined periprostatic. Progression was defined as increase in Gleason grade group. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate fat volumes normalized by prostate size (stratified into tertiles). RESULTS A total of 175 patients were included in the study. Average age was 62.5 years (SD 7.4) and average prostate specific antigen was 5.4 ng/dl (SD 3.9). Median followup was 42 months (IQR 18-60) and 50 patients (28.6%) had progression. Compared to the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of volumetric periprostatic fat measurement (HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.23-5.60, p=0.01) and linear periprostatic fat measurement (HR 2.30, 95% CI 1.01-5.22, p=0.05) were associated with worsened progression-free survival, while subcutaneous fat measurement (p=0.97) was not. Importantly, the model did not substantively change when accounting for patient body mass index and other factors. CONCLUSIONS Increased periprostatic fat volume, normalized to prostate size, may be associated with shortened progression-free survival in men with prostate cancer on active surveillance.
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo R, Chen Y, Ran K, Jiang Q. Effect of obesity on the prognosis and recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: a meta-analysis. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:2713-2722. [PMID: 33457243 PMCID: PMC7807337 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity has been found to be closely related to the increased risk of fatal prostate cancer (PCa), however there remains no evidence that further clarifies the relationship between obesity and the postoperative recurrence and poor prognosis of PCa. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to systematically evaluate the effect of obesity on the prognosis and recurrence of PCa after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods A literature search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases was performed covering articles published between January 2013 and January 2020. Articles regarding the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the prognosis and recurrence of PCa following RP were included in the meta-analysis. Two investigators independently screened the literature and extracted relevant data including publication information, key results, number of cancer cases, and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 16.0 software, and forest plots, funnel plots, and sensitivity analysis were also conducted. Results A total of 14 articles were included, all of which were analyzed for clinicopathological characteristics. Eight articles reported the biochemical recurrence (BCR) with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the predictor, and six articles reported the positive surgical margins (PSM). The meta-analysis showed that obese PCa patients had more postoperative recurrence and poor prognosis compared with the normal weight PCa patients, and the difference was statistically significant (OR =1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.43). BCR exhibited no significant difference between obese and non-obese PCa patients after surgery (OR =1.2, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.46), and there were also no notable differences in PSM between the groups (OR =1.16, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.36). Subgroup analysis showed that obese PCa patients in the Americas (95% CI: 1.11, 1.37) and Europe (95% CI: 1.11, 1.78) were more likely to have surgical recurrence and poor prognosis (OR =1.40). Obese patients in the Americas were also more likely to have BCR after surgery (95% CI: 1.07, 1.36). Conclusions Obesity easily leads to poor prognosis and recurrence of PCa after RP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runtian Luo
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongbo Chen
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Ran
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu C, Chen X, Yao C, Liu Y, Xu H, Zhou G, Xia H, Xia J. Body mass index-associated molecular characteristics involved in tumor immune and metabolic pathways. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:21. [PMID: 32999719 PMCID: PMC7517824 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight or obesity has been evidenced as an important risk factor involved in the incidence, mortality, and therapy response of multiple malignancies. However, the differences between healthy and obesity tumor patients at the molecular and multi-omics levels remain unclear. Methods Our study performed a comprehensive and multidimensional analysis in fourteen tumor types of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found body mass index (BMI)-related genes in multiple tumor types. Furthermore, we compared composite expression between normal, overweight, and obese patients of each immune cell subpopulation and metabolism gene subset. Statistical significance was calculated via the Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test. Results Our analysis revealed that BMI-related genes are enriched in multiple tumor-related biological pathways involved in intracellular signaling, immune response, and metabolism. We also found the different relationships between BMI and different immune cell infiltration and metabolic pathway activity. Importantly, we found that many clinically actionable genes were BMI-affect genes. Conclusion Overall, our data indicated that BMI-associated molecular characteristics involved in tumor immune and metabolic pathways, which may highlight the clinical importance of considering BMI-associated molecular signatures in cancer precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Department of Pathology in the School of Basic Medical Sciences & The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine & Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chengyun Yao
- Department of Pathology in the School of Basic Medical Sciences & The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine & Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Haojun Xu
- Department of Pathology in the School of Basic Medical Sciences & The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine & Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Guoren Zhou
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongping Xia
- Department of Pathology in the School of Basic Medical Sciences & The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine & Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jinglin Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McDonald AC, Wasserman E, Lengerich EJ, Raman JD, Geyer NR, Hohl RJ, Wang M. Prostate Cancer Incidence and Aggressiveness in Appalachia versus Non-Appalachia Populations in Pennsylvania by Urban-Rural Regions, 2004-2014. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1365-1373. [PMID: 32277006 PMCID: PMC10957111 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined prostate cancer incidence and aggressiveness in urban-rural Appalachian populations. We examined these rates in urban-rural Appalachia and non-Appalachia Pennsylvania (PA), and the association between these areas and more aggressive prostate cancer at diagnosis. METHODS Men, ages ≥ 40 years with a primary prostate cancer diagnosis, were identified from the 2004-2014 Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted incidence rates for prostate cancer and more aggressive prostate cancer at diagnosis were calculated by urban-rural Appalachia status. Multivariable Poisson regressions were conducted. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the association between the geographic areas and more aggressive prostate cancer, after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS There were 94,274 cases, ages 40-105 years, included. Urban non-Appalachia had the highest 2004-2014 age-adjusted incidence rates of prostate cancer and more aggressive prostate cancer (293.56 and 96.39 per 100,000 men, respectively) and rural Appalachia had the lowest rates (256.48 and 80.18 per 100,000 men, respectively). Among the cases, urban Appalachia were more likely [OR = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-1.17] and rural Appalachia were less likely (OR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.87-0.97) to have more aggressive prostate cancer at diagnosis compared with urban non-Appalachia. CONCLUSIONS Lower incidence rates and the proportion of aggressive disease in rural Appalachia may be due to lower prostate cancer screening rates. More aggressive prostate cancer at diagnosis among the cases in urban Appalachia may be due to exposures that are prevalent in the region. IMPACT Identifying geographic prostate cancer disparities will provide information to design programs aimed at reducing risk and closing the disparity gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C McDonald
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily Wasserman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Eugene J Lengerich
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jay D Raman
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathaniel R Geyer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond J Hohl
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming Wang
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Metere A, Graves CE, Pietraforte D, Casella G. The Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Oxidative Stress in Obesity. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060168. [PMID: 32575419 PMCID: PMC7344505 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of free radicals are present in the blood of obese patients. Free radicals are associated with endothelial dysfunction, diabetes, and neoplastic transformation, all conditions that are closely related to obesity. The purpose of our study was to determine whether bariatric surgery modifies the production of free radicals in obese patients. In total, 20 patients with morbid obesity, who were candidates for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and 18 controls were enrolled in the study. Oxidative stress was studied in obese subjects before and after sleeve gastrectomy. The evaluation of oxidative stress was carried out on blood samples using electron paramagnetic resonance, a refined spectroscopic technique used to identify and quantify the major free radicals, such as •OH, O2•, ONOO-, and NO. Oxidative stress was higher in subjects with morbid obesity prior to surgery, compared to the controls (CP• 9.9 ± 0.3 µM vs. 5.8 ± 0.2 µM). After SG, values decreased to levels comparable to those of controls (CP• 5.4 ± 0.2 µM). Further analysis identified O2• as the main free radical responsible for the oxidative stress. Obesity is associated with an increased blood concentration of free radicals. The normalization of free radicals after sleeve gastrectomy highlights another important benefit of this bariatric surgery technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Metere
- Surgical Sciences Department, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 261, 00161 Roma, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire E. Graves
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero St. 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA;
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Casella
- Surgical Sciences Department, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 261, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Porcaro AB, Tafuri A, Inverardi D, Amigoni N, Sebben M, Pirozzi M, Processali T, Rizzetto R, Shakir A, Cerrato C, Tiso L, Panunzio A, DE Michele M, Brunelli M, Siracusano S, Artibani W. Incidental prostate cancer after transurethral resection of the prostate: analysis of incidence and risk factors in 458 patients. Minerva Urol Nephrol 2020; 73:471-480. [PMID: 32003204 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6051.19.03564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of incidental prostate cancer (IPCA) in a contemporary cohort of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) patients who underwent trans-urethral resection of the prostate (TURP). METHODS A series of 458 consecutive patients who underwent TURP were evaluated between January 2016 to June 2018. Evaluated factors included age (years), Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/square meters), treatment with inhibitors of 5-alpha reductase, previous prostate biopsies, basal prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels (ng/mL), serum leukocyte count (×109/L), weight of resected prostate tissue (grams), grade and stage of IPCA. The multivariate logistic regression model evaluated associations of significant clinical factors with the risk of IPCA. RESULTS Overall, IPCA was detected in 30 of 454 patients (6.6%). A mean of 21.8 g of tissue was resected. The mean number of positive chips was 5.6 (mean percentage 3.9%) with tumor grade group 1 in 22 cases (73.4%) and tumor stage cT1a in 23 patients (76.7%). On multivariate analysis, independent factors that were positively associated with the risk of IPCA were BMI (odds ratio, OR=1.121; P=0.017) and leukocyte count (OR=1.144; P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS In a contemporary cohort of patients undergoing TURP for the treatment of LUTS, the risk of IPCA was not negligible with a rate of being 6.6%. BMI and serum leukocyte count were found to be independent factors that were positively associated with the risk of IPCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio B Porcaro
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy -
| | - Alessandro Tafuri
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Urology, USC Institute of Urology and Catherine and Joseph Aresty, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Davide Inverardi
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nelia Amigoni
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Sebben
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Pirozzi
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Tania Processali
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rizzetto
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aliasger Shakir
- Department of Urology, USC Institute of Urology and Catherine and Joseph Aresty, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Clara Cerrato
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leone Tiso
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Panunzio
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mario DE Michele
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Pathology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siracusano
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Walter Artibani
- Department of Urology, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Duarte MF, Luis C, Baylina P, Faria MI, Fernandes R, La Fuente JM. Clinical and metabolic implications of obesity in prostate cancer: is testosterone a missing link? Aging Male 2019; 22:228-240. [PMID: 30354924 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1519695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess sex hormones in men with obesity and prostate cancer (PCa) and to study association between androgens and the pathogenesis biology of PCa in vitro. Subjects and methods: One hundred and eighty-one men older than 45 years selected from of a population attending to Urology departments screening for PCa, (78 participants without PCa and 103 patients with PCa). All participants were assessed for body mass index (BMI), age, Gleason score, and PSA. Endocrine profile was determined for LH, total testosterone (TT), 17β-estradiol (E2), prolactin and leptin. Biochemical profile (HbA1c, triacylglycerols and lipoproteins) was also determined. In vitro experiments were also performed, involving the study of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and E2 in the presence of adipocyte-conditioned medium (aCM). Results: All variables were continuous and described a Gaussian distribution unless mentioned. To determine the relation of aggressiveness, variable were transformed into categories. Thus, PCa aggressiveness is associated with the increase of age and BMI (p < .0001) but with is decreased with TT and E2 (p < .05). Moreover, adipocyte-secreted molecules increase aggressiveness of PCa cells in vitro. Lastly, DTH but not E2 enables invasiveness in vitro. Conclusions: It was observed a coexistence of hormone axis profile alteration with sex hormones and BMI in PCa patients, in accordance with the new perspective of PCa pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Duarte
- Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde , Porto , Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP) , Porto , Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - C Luis
- Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde , Porto , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - P Baylina
- Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde , Porto , Portugal
| | - M I Faria
- Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde , Porto , Portugal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) , Santiago de Compostela , España
| | - R Fernandes
- Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde , Porto , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) , Santiago de Compostela , España
| | - J M La Fuente
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP) , Porto , Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McDonald AC, Vira M, Walter V, Shen J, Raman JD, Sanda MG, Patil D, Taioli E. Circulating microRNAs in plasma among men with low-grade and high-grade prostate cancer at prostate biopsy. Prostate 2019; 79:961-968. [PMID: 30958910 PMCID: PMC6520194 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miR-) have been linked to factors associated with aggressive prostate cancer such as biochemical recurrence and metastasis. We investigated whether circulating miRNAs in plasma could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for more aggressive prostate cancer at prostate biopsy. METHODS Men, aged 40 years and above, newly diagnosed with prostate cancer were categorized into two risk groups, low-grade (Gleason score, 6 or 7 [3 + 4] and serum prostate-specific antigen [PSA], <20 ng/mL) and high-grade (Gleason score, ≥7 (4 + 3) and serum PSA, ≥20 ng/mL) prostate cancers. The limma R package was used to compare the expression of miRNAs in plasma between the two risk groups, adjusting for age. RESULTS There were 66 men, aged 46-86 years, included: 40 men with low-grade and 26 men with high-grade prostate cancers. There were lower expressions of miR-28, miR-100, miR-942, and miR-28-3p, and higher expressions of miR-708, miR-1298, miR-886-3p, miR-374, miR-376c, miR-202, miR-128a, and miR-185 in high-grade compared to low-grade prostate cancer cases at biopsy, after adjusting for age (P < 0.05). These differences were no longer statistically significant after adjusting the P values for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION There was no circulating miRNA associated with high-grade prostate cancer at biopsy after adjusting for age and multiple comparisons. Nevertheless, relationships between these circulating miRNAs and high-grade prostate cancer were observed, which suggest them as promising prostate cancer biomarkers. Further investigation in a larger cohort may provide insight into their diagnostic potential for aggressive prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C. McDonald
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Manish Vira
- Smith Institute for Urology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Shen
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jay D. Raman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin G. Sanda
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dattatraya Patil
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lipid Metabolism and Endocrine Resistance in Prostate Cancer, and New Opportunities for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112626. [PMID: 31142021 PMCID: PMC6600138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men, and more than 10% of men will be diagnosed with PCa during their lifetime. Patients that are not cured with surgery or radiation are largely treated with endocrine therapies that target androgens or the androgen receptor (AR), a major driver of PCa. In response to androgen deprivation, most PCas progress to castrate resistant PCa, which is treated with anti-androgens like enzalutamide, but tumors still progress and become incurable. Thus, there is a critical need to identify cellular pathways that allow tumors to escape anti-androgen therapies. Epidemiological studies suggest that high-fat diets play important roles in PCa progression. Lipid metabolism rewires the PCa metabolome to support growth and resistance to endocrine therapies, although the exact mechanisms remain obscure. Therapeutic effects have been observed inhibiting several aspects of PCa lipid metabolism: Synthesis, uptake, and oxidation. Since AR remains a driver of PCa in advanced disease, strategies targeting both lipid metabolism and AR are starting to emerge, providing new opportunities to re-sensitize tumors to endocrine therapies with lipid metabolic approaches.
Collapse
|
19
|
DeSantis CE, Miller KD, Goding Sauer A, Jemal A, Siegel RL. Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin 2019; 69:211-233. [PMID: 30762872 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, African American/black individuals bear a disproportionate share of the cancer burden, having the highest death rate and the lowest survival rate of any racial or ethnic group for most cancers. To monitor progress in reducing these inequalities, every 3 years the American Cancer Society provides the estimated number of new cancer cases and deaths for blacks in the United States and the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, survival, screening, and risk factors using data from the National Cancer Institute, the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, and the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2019, approximately 202,260 new cases of cancer and 73,030 cancer deaths are expected to occur among blacks in the United States. During 2006 through 2015, the overall cancer incidence rate decreased faster in black men than in white men (2.4% vs 1.7% per year), largely due to the more rapid decline in lung cancer. In contrast, the overall cancer incidence rate was stable in black women (compared with a slight increase in white women), reflecting increasing rates for cancers of the breast, uterine corpus, and pancreas juxtaposed with declining trends for cancers of the lung and colorectum. Overall cancer death rates declined faster in blacks than whites among both males (2.6% vs 1.6% per year) and females (1.5% vs 1.3% per year), largely driven by greater declines for cancers of the lung, colorectum, and prostate. Consequently, the excess risk of overall cancer death in blacks compared with whites dropped from 47% in 1990 to 19% in 2016 in men and from 19% in 1990 to 13% in 2016 in women. Moreover, the black-white cancer disparity has been nearly eliminated in men <50 years and women ≥70 years. Twenty-five years of continuous declines in the cancer death rate among black individuals translates to more than 462,000 fewer cancer deaths. Continued progress in reducing disparities will require expanding access to high-quality prevention, early detection, and treatment for all Americans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol E DeSantis
- Principal Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kimberly D Miller
- Senior Associate Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ann Goding Sauer
- Senior Associate Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Vice President, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Scientific Director, Surveillance Research, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Diet quality and Gleason grade progression among localised prostate cancer patients on active surveillance. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:466-471. [PMID: 30679782 PMCID: PMC6462004 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High diet quality may support a metabolic and anti-inflammatory state less conducive to tumour progression. We prospectively investigated diet quality in relation to Gleason grade progression among localised prostate cancer patients on active surveillance, a clinical management strategy of disease monitoring and delayed intervention. Methods Men with newly diagnosed Gleason score 6 or 7 prostate cancer enroled on a biennial monitoring regimen. Patients completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (n = 411) and first 6-month follow-up (n = 263). Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to evaluate multivariable-adjusted associations of diet quality [defined via the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015] with Gleason grade progression. Results After a median follow-up of 36 months, 76 men progressed. Following adjustment for clinicopathologic factors, we observed a suggestive inverse association between baseline diet quality and Gleason grade progression [hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs. the lowest HEI-2015 tertile: 0.59 (0.32–1.08); Ptrend = 0.06]. We observed no associations with diet quality at 6-month follow-up, nor change in diet quality from baseline. Conclusions In localised prostate cancer patients on surveillance, higher diet quality or conformance with United States dietary guidelines at enrolment may lower risk of Gleason grade progression, though additional confirmatory research is needed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Using Mouse and Drosophila Models to Investigate the Mechanistic Links between Diet, Obesity, Type II Diabetes, and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124110. [PMID: 30567377 PMCID: PMC6320797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the links between diet and cancer are controversial and over simplified. To date, human epidemiological studies consistently reveal that patients who suffer diet-related obesity and/or type II diabetes have an increased risk of cancer, suffer more aggressive cancers, and respond poorly to current therapies. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that increase cancer risk and decrease the response to cancer therapies in these patients remain largely unknown. Here, we review studies in mouse cancer models in which either dietary or genetic manipulation has been used to model obesity and/or type II diabetes. These studies demonstrate an emerging role for the conserved insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways as links between diet and cancer progression. However, these models are time consuming to develop and expensive to maintain. As the world faces an epidemic of obesity and type II diabetes we argue that the development of novel animal models is urgently required. We make the case for Drosophila as providing an unparalleled opportunity to combine dietary manipulation with models of human metabolic disease and cancer. Thus, combining diet and cancer models in Drosophila can rapidly and significantly advance our understanding of the conserved molecular mechanisms that link diet and diet-related metabolic disorders to poor cancer patient prognosis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dickerman B, Mucci L. Metabolic Factors and Prostate Cancer Risk. Clin Chem 2018; 65:42-44. [PMID: 30459168 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.287243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbra Dickerman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Cory Abate-Shen
- From the Departments of Urology, Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vidal AC, Howard LE, de Hoedt A, Kane CJ, Terris MK, Aronson WJ, Cooperberg MR, Amling CL, Freedland SJ. Obese patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer may be at a lower risk of all-cause mortality: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database. BJU Int 2018. [PMID: 29521009 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether obesity is associated with progression to metastasis, prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM), and all-cause mortality (ACM), in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (non-mCRPC). At the population level, obesity is associated with prostate cancer mortality; however, some studies have found that higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with better long-term prostate cancer outcomes amongst men with mCRPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified 1 192 patients with non-mCRPC from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database. BMI was calculated from height and weight abstracted from the medical records at the time closest to but prior to CRPC diagnosis and categorised as underweight (<21 kg/m2 ), normal weight (21-24.9 kg/m2 ), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2 ), and obese (≥30 kg/m2 ). Competing risks regression and Cox models were used to test associations between obesity and progression to metastasis, PCSM, and ACM, accounting for confounders. RESULTS Overall, 51 (4%) men were underweight, 239 (25%) were normal weight, 464 (39%) were overweight, and 438 (37%) were obese. In adjusted analysis, higher BMI was significantly associated with reduced ACM (hazard ratio [HR] 0.98, P = 0.012) but not PCSM (HR 1.00, P = 0.737) or metastases (HR 0.99, P = 0.225). Likewise, when BMI was treated as a categorical variable in adjusted models, obesity was not associated with PCSM (HR 1.11, P = 0.436) or metastases (HR 1.06, P = 0.647), but was associated with decreased ACM (HR 0.79, P = 0.016) compared to normal weight. No data were available on treatments received after CRPC diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Amongst patients with non-mCRPC obesity was associated with better overall survival. Although this result mirrors evidence from men with mCRPC, obesity was not associated with prostate cancer outcomes. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Vidal
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lauren E Howard
- Urology Section, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Kane
- Urology Department, University of California San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martha K Terris
- Section of Urology, VA Medical Center Augusta, Augusta, GA, USA.,Section of Urology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - William J Aronson
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Urology Section, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lin PH, Aronson W, Freedland SJ. An update of research evidence on nutrition and prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2017; 37:387-401. [PMID: 29103966 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of mortality in US and other countries. Preclinical and clinical studies have examined the role of nutrition and dietary intake on the incidence and progression of PCa with mixed results. OBJECTIVE The objective of this chapter is to provide an update of recent published literature and highlight progress in the field. MAIN FINDINGS Low carbohydrate intake, soy protein, ω3 fat, green teas, tomatoes and tomato products and the herbal mixture-zyflamend showed promise in reducing PCa risk or progression. On the contrary, a higher animal fat intake and a higher β-carotene status may increase risk. A "U" shape relationship may exist between folate, vitamin C, vitamin D and calcium with PCa risk. Conclusion Despite the inconclusive findings, the potential for a role of dietary intake for the prevention and treatment of PCa remains promising. Maintaining a healthy body weight and following a healthy dietary pattern including antioxidant rich fruits and vegetables, reduced animal fat and refined carbohydrates, should be encouraged. CONCLUSION Despite the inconclusive findings, the potential for a role of dietary intake for the prevention and treatment of PCa remains promising. Maintaining a healthy body weight and following a healthy dietary pattern including antioxidant rich fruits and vegetables, reduced animal fat and refined carbohydrates, should be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
| | - William Aronson
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Urology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|