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Tong J, Phu J, Alonso-Caneiro D, Kugelman J, Khuu S, Agar A, Coroneo M, Kalloniatis M. Exploring the relationship between 24-2 visual field and widefield optical coherence tomography data across healthy, glaucoma suspect and glaucoma eyes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024. [PMID: 39056571 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To utilise ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) measurements acquired using widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans spanning 55° × 45° to explore the link between co-localised structural parameters and clinical visual field (VF) data. METHODS Widefield OCT scans acquired from 311 healthy, 268 glaucoma suspect and 269 glaucoma eyes were segmented to generate GCIPL thickness measurements. Estimated ganglion cell (GC) counts, calculated from GCIPL measurements, were plotted against 24-2 SITA Faster visual field (VF) thresholds, and regression models were computed with data categorised by diagnosis and VF status. Classification of locations as VF defective or non-defective using GCIPL parameters computed across eccentricity- and hemifield-dependent clusters was assessed by analysing areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCCs). Sensitivities and specificities were calculated per diagnostic category. RESULTS Segmented linear regression models between GC counts and VF thresholds demonstrated higher variability in VF defective locations relative to non-defective locations (mean absolute error 6.10-9.93 dB and 1.43-1.91 dB, respectively). AUROCCs from cluster-wide GCIPL parameters were similar across methods centrally (p = 0.06-0.84) but significantly greater peripherally, especially when considering classification of more central locations (p < 0.0001). Across diagnoses, cluster-wide GCIPL parameters demonstrated variable sensitivities and specificities (0.36-0.93 and 0.65-0.98, respectively), with the highest specificities observed across healthy eyes (0.73-0.98). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative prediction of VF thresholds from widefield OCT is affected by high variability at VF defective locations. Prediction of VF status based on cluster-wide GCIPL parameters from widefield OCT could become useful to aid clinical decision-making in appropriately targeting VF assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Tong
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack Phu
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Kugelman
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sieu Khuu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashish Agar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of New South Wales at Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Minas Coroneo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of New South Wales at Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
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Tong J, Alonso-Caneiro D, Kugelman J, Phu J, Khuu SK, Kalloniatis M. Characterisation of the normal human ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer using widefield optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:457-471. [PMID: 37990841 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe variations in ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in a healthy cohort from widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. METHODS Widefield OCT scans spanning 55° × 45° were acquired from 470 healthy eyes. The GCIPL was automatically segmented using deep learning methods. Thickness measurements were extracted after correction for warpage and retinal tilt. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to discern trends between global GCIPL thickness and age, axial length and sex. To further characterise age-related change, hierarchical and two-step cluster algorithms were applied to identify locations sharing similar ageing properties, and rates of change were quantified using regression analyses with data pooled by cluster analysis outcomes. RESULTS Declines in widefield GCIPL thickness with age, increasing axial length and female sex were observed (parameter estimates -0.053, -0.436 and -0.464, p-values <0.001, <0.001 and 0.02, respectively). Cluster analyses revealed concentric, slightly nasally displaced, horseshoe patterns of age-related change in the GCIPL, with up to four statistically distinct clusters outside the macula. Linear regression analyses revealed significant ageing decline in GCIPL thickness across all clusters, with faster rates of change observed at central locations when expressed as absolute (slope = -0.19 centrally vs. -0.04 to -0.12 peripherally) and percentage rates of change (slope = -0.001 centrally vs. -0.0005 peripherally). CONCLUSIONS Normative variations in GCIPL thickness from widefield OCT with age, axial length and sex were noted, highlighting factors worth considering in further developments. Widefield OCT has promising potential to facilitate quantitative detection of abnormal GCIPL outside standard fields of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Tong
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Kugelman
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jack Phu
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sieu K Khuu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
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Fasih-Ahmad S, Wang Z, Mishra Z, Vatanatham C, Clark ME, Swain TA, Curcio CA, Owsley C, Sadda SR, Hu ZJ. Potential Structural Biomarkers in 3D Images Validated by the First Functional Biomarker for Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration - ALSTAR2 Baseline. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:1. [PMID: 38300559 PMCID: PMC10846345 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lack of valid end points impedes developing therapeutic strategies for early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA) is the first functional biomarker for incident early AMD. The relationship between RMDA and the status of outer retinal bands on optical coherence tomography (OCT) have not been well defined. This study aims to characterize these relationships in early and intermediate AMD. Methods Baseline data from 476 participants was assessed including eyes with early AMD (n = 138), intermediate AMD (n = 101), and normal aging (n = 237). Participants underwent volume OCT imaging of the macula and rod intercept time (RIT) was measured. The ellipsoid zone (EZ) and interdigitation zone (IZ) on all OCT B-scans of the volumes were segmented. The area of detectable EZ and IZ, and mean thickness of IZ within the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid were computed and associations with RIT were assessed by Spearman's correlation coefficient and age adjusted. Results Delayed RMDA (longer RIT) was most strongly associated with less preserved IZ area (r = -0.591; P < 0.001), followed by decreased IZ thickness (r = -0.434; P < 0.001), and EZ area (r = -0.334; P < 0.001). This correlation between RIT and IZ integrity was not apparent when considering normal eyes alone within 1.5 mm of the fovea. Conclusions RMDA is correlated with the status of outer retinal bands in early and intermediate AMD eyes, particularly, the status of the IZ. This correlation is consistent with a previous analysis of only foveal B-scans and is biologically plausible given that retinoid availability, involving transfer at the interface attributed to the IZ, is rate-limiting for RMDA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Zubin Mishra
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States
| | | | - Mark E Clark
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Thomas A Swain
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Christine A Curcio
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Cynthia Owsley
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Burri C, Salzmann S, Wandel J, Hoffmann L, Považay B, Meier C, Frenz M. Real-time OCT feedback-controlled RPE photodisruption in ex vivo porcine eyes using 8 microsecond laser pulses. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6328-6349. [PMID: 38420306 PMCID: PMC10898567 DOI: 10.1364/boe.503941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Selective retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) photodisruption requires reliable real-time feedback dosimetry (RFD) to prevent unwanted overexposure. In this study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) based RFD was investigated in ex vivo porcine eyes exposed to laser pulses of 8 µs duration (wavelength: 532 nm, exposure area: 90 × 90 µm2, radiant exposure: 247 to 1975 mJ/µm2). For RFD, fringe washouts in time-resolved OCT M-scans (central wavelength: 870 nm, scan rate: 85 kHz) were compared to an RPE cell viability assay. Statistical analysis revealed a moderate correlation between RPE lesion size and applied treatment energy, suggesting RFD adaptation to inter- and intraindividual RPE pigmentation and ocular transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Burri
- optoLab, Institute for Human Centered Engineering, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland
- Biomedical Photonics Group, Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Salzmann
- optoLab, Institute for Human Centered Engineering, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Wandel
- Institute for Optimisation and Data Analysis, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Hoffmann
- optoLab, Institute for Human Centered Engineering, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland
| | - Boris Považay
- optoLab, Institute for Human Centered Engineering, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Meier
- optoLab, Institute for Human Centered Engineering, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- Biomedical Photonics Group, Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Fasih-Ahmad S, Wang Z, Mishra Z, Vatanatham C, Clark ME, Swain TA, Curcio CA, Owsley C, Sadda SR, Hu ZJ. Potential Structural Biomarkers in 3D Images Validated by the First Functional Biomarker for Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration - ALSTAR2 Baseline. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.10.23295309. [PMID: 37745353 PMCID: PMC10516097 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.10.23295309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose While intermediate and late age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) have been widely investigated, rare studies were focused on the pathophysiologic mechanism of early AMD. Delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA) is the first functional biomarker for incident early AMD. The status of outer retinal bands on optical coherence tomography (OCT) may be potential imaging biomarkers and the purpose is to investigate the hypothesis that the integrity of interdigitation zone (IZ) may provide insight into the health of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in early AMD. Methods We establish the structure-function relationship between ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity and RMDA, and IZ integrity and RMDA in a large-scale OCT dataset from eyes with normal aging (n=237), early AMD (n=138), and intermediate AMD (n=101) by utilizing a novel deep-learning-derived algorithm with manual correction when needed to segment the EZ and IZ on OCT B-scans (57,596 B-scans), and utilizing the AdaptDx device to measure RMDA. Results Our data demonstrates that slower RMDA is associated with less preserved EZ (r = -0.334; p<0.001) and IZ area (r = -0.591; p<0.001), and decreased IZ thickness (r = -0.434; p<0.001). These associations are not apparent when considering normal eyes alone. Conclusions The association with IZ area and RMDA in large-scale data is biologically plausible because retinoid availability and transfer at the interface attributed to IZ is rate-limiting for RMDA. This study supports the hypothesis that the IZ integrity provides insight into the health of photoreceptors and RPE in early AMD and is a potential new imaging biomarker.
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Swier VJ, White KA, Johnson TB, Wang X, Han J, Pearce DA, Singh R, Drack AV, Pfeifer W, Rogers CS, Brudvig JJ, Weimer JM. A novel porcine model of CLN3 Batten disease recapitulates clinical phenotypes. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050038. [PMID: 37305926 PMCID: PMC10434985 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of CLN3 Batten disease, a rare lysosomal storage disorder with no cure, have improved our understanding of CLN3 biology and therapeutics through their ease of use and a consistent display of cellular pathology. However, the translatability of murine models is limited by disparities in anatomy, body size, life span and inconsistent subtle behavior deficits that can be difficult to detect in CLN3 mutant mouse models, thereby limiting their use in preclinical studies. Here, we present a longitudinal characterization of a novel miniswine model of CLN3 disease that recapitulates the most common human pathogenic variant, an exon 7-8 deletion (CLN3Δex7/8). Progressive pathology and neuron loss is observed in various regions of the CLN3Δex7/8 miniswine brain and retina. Additionally, mutant miniswine present with retinal degeneration and motor abnormalities, similar to deficits seen in humans diagnosed with the disease. Taken together, the CLN3Δex7/8 miniswine model shows consistent and progressive Batten disease pathology, and behavioral impairment mirroring clinical presentation, demonstrating its value in studying the role of CLN3 and safety/efficacy of novel disease-modifying therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki J. Swier
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Katherine A. White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Tyler B. Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | | | - Jimin Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David A. Pearce
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Ruchira Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Arlene V. Drack
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wanda Pfeifer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Jon J. Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
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Domagała A, Domagała L, Kopiś-Posiej N, Harciarek M, Krukow P. Differentiation of the retinal morphology aging trajectories in schizophrenia and their associations with cognitive dysfunctions. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1207608. [PMID: 37539329 PMCID: PMC10396397 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1207608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies evaluating the morphology of the selected retinal layers in schizophrenia showed abnormalities regarding macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNLF), and ganglion cell complex (GCC). Concurrently, accumulating neuroimaging results suggest that structural alterations of the brain in this disease might be an effect of accelerated aging. Referring to these findings, we aimed to determine whether the thinning of the retinal layers assessed with the optic coherence tomography (OCT) in a group of schizophrenia patients (n = 60) presents a significant age-related decrease exceeding potential changes noted in the control group (n = 61). Samples of patients and controls were divided into three age subgroups, namely, younger, middle-aged, and older participants. OCT outcomes, such as macular thickness and volume, macular RNFL, peripapillary RNFL, and GCC, were analyzed concerning a diagnosis status (controls vs. patients) and age subgroups. Additionally, associations between retinal parameters, age, and selected cognitive functions were evaluated. post-hoc tests revealed that macular thickness and volume in patients undergo significant age-dependent thinning, which was not observed in the control group. Regression analyses confirmed the association between macular morphology and age. Selected speed-dependent cognitive functions in patients decreased significantly with age, and these features were also significantly associated with some OCT outcomes also after controlling for antipsychotic treatment. Our results suggest that reduced measures of retinal structure detected in schizophrenia may be an effect of accelerated aging; however, further research is needed using computational solutions derived from brain imaging studies based on large datasets covering representatives of all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Domagała
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Lucyna Domagała
- Non-Public Health Facility “OKO-MED”, Sandomierz, Sandomierz County, Poland
| | - Natalia Kopiś-Posiej
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Harciarek
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Krukow
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Barone F, Amaral J, Bunea I, Farnoodian M, Gupta R, Gupta R, Baker D, Phillips MJ, Blanch RJ, Maminishkis A, Gamm DM, Bharti K. A versatile laser-induced porcine model of outer retinal and choroidal degeneration for preclinical testing. JCI Insight 2023; 8:157654. [PMID: 37288665 PMCID: PMC10393234 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 30 million people worldwide suffer from untreatable vision loss and blindness associated with childhood-onset and age-related eye diseases caused by photoreceptor (PR), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choriocapillaris (CC) degeneration. Recent work suggests that RPE-based cell therapy may slow down vision loss in late stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a polygenic disease induced by RPE atrophy. However, accelerated development of effective cell therapies is hampered by the lack of large-animal models that allow testing safety and efficacy of clinical doses covering the human macula (20 mm2). We developed a versatile pig model to mimic different types and stages of retinal degeneration. Using an adjustable power micropulse laser, we generated varying degrees of RPE, PR, and CC damage and confirmed the damage by longitudinal analysis of clinically relevant outcomes, including analyses by adaptive optics and optical coherence tomography/angiography, along with automated image analysis. By imparting a tunable yet targeted damage to the porcine CC and visual streak - with a structure similar to the human macula - this model is optimal for testing cell and gene therapies for outer retinal diseases including AMD, retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt, and choroideremia. The amenability of this model to clinically relevant imaging outcomes will facilitate faster translation to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Amaral
- National Eye Institute (NEI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Irina Bunea
- National Eye Institute (NEI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rohan Gupta
- National Eye Institute (NEI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rishabh Gupta
- National Eye Institute (NEI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dara Baker
- National Eye Institute (NEI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M Joseph Phillips
- McPherson Eye Research Institute and Waisman Center, and
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard J Blanch
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defense Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - David M Gamm
- McPherson Eye Research Institute and Waisman Center, and
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kapil Bharti
- National Eye Institute (NEI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Vu QA, Seo HW, Choi KE, Kim N, Kang YN, Lee J, Park SH, Kim JT, Kim S, Kim SW. Structural changes in the retina after implantation of subretinal three-dimensional implants in mini pigs. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1010445. [PMID: 36248640 PMCID: PMC9561346 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1010445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal structural changes after subretinal implantation of three-dimensional (3D) microelectrodes were investigated in a mini pig. Three types of electrode were implanted into the subretinal spaces of nine mini pigs: 75-μm-high 3D electrodes on a 200-μm-thick right-angled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate (group 1); a 140-μm-thick sloped PDMS substrate without electrodes (group 2); and a 140-μm-thick sloped PDMS substrate with 20-μm-high 3D electrodes (group 3). One mini pig was used as a control. Spectral domain–optical coherence tomography (SD–OCT) images were obtained at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 weeks post-surgery. Retinal specimens were immunostained using a tissue-clearing method 3 months post-implantation. The 75-μm-high 3D electrodes progressively penetrated the inner nuclear layer (INL) and touched the inner plexiform layer (IPL) 2 weeks post-surgery. At 6 weeks post-operatively, the electrodes were in contact with the nerve-fiber layer, accompanied by a severe fibrous reaction. In the other groups, the implants remained in place without subretinal migration. Immunostaining showed that retinal ganglion and bipolar cells were preserved without fibrosis over the retinal implants in groups 2 and 3 during the 12-week implantation period. In summary, SD–OCT and immunohistology results showed differences in the extent of reactions, such as fibrosis over the implants and penetration of the electrodes into the inner retinal layer depending on different types of electrodes. A sloped substrate performed better than a right-angled substrate in terms of retinal preservation over the implanted electrodes. The 20-μm-high electrodes showed better structural compatibility than the 75-μm-high 3D electrodes. There was no significant difference between the results of sloped implants without electrodes and 20-μm-high 3D electrodes, indicating that the latter had no adverse effects on retinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Anh Vu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hee Won Seo
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Namju Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yoo Na Kang
- Department of Medical Assistant Robot, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jaemeun Lee
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hyun Park
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jee Taek Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sohee Kim,
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Seong-Woo Kim,
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Chauhan P, Kho AM, FitzGerald P, Shibata B, Srinivasan VJ. Subcellular Comparison of Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography and Electron Microscopy in the Mouse Outer Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:10. [PMID: 35943734 PMCID: PMC9379865 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.9.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We employed in vivo, 1.0-µm axial resolution visible-light optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ex vivo electron microscopy (EM) to investigate three subcellular features in the mouse outer retina: reflectivity oscillations inner to band 1 (study 1); hyperreflective band 2, attributed to the ellipsoid zone or inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction (study 2); and the hyperreflective retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) within band 4 (study 3). Methods Pigmented (C57BL/6J, n = 10) and albino (BALB/cJ, n = 3) mice were imaged in vivo. Enucleated eyes were processed for light and electron microscopy. Using well-accepted reference surfaces, we compared micrometer-scale axial reflectivity of visible-light OCT with subcellular organization, as revealed by 9449 annotated EM organelles and features across four pigmented eyes. Results In study 1, outer nuclear layer reflectivity peaks coincided with valleys in heterochromatin clump density (-0.34 ± 2.27 µm limits of agreement [LoA]). In study 2, band 2 depth on OCT and IS/OS junction depth on EM agreed (-0.57 ± 0.76 µm LoA), with both having similar distributions. In study 3, RPE electron dense organelle distribution did not agree with reflectivity in C57BL/6J mice, with OCT measures of RPE thickness exceeding those of EM (2.09 ± 0.89 µm LoA). Finally, RPE thickness increased with age in pigmented mice (slope = 0.056 µm/mo; P = 6.8 × 10-7). Conclusions Visible-light OCT bands arise from subcellular organization, enabling new measurements in mice. Quantitative OCT-EM comparisons may be confounded by hydration level, particularly in the OS and RPE. Caution is warranted in generalizing results to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chauhan
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Aaron M. Kho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Paul FitzGerald
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Bradley Shibata
- Biological Electron Microscopy Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Vivek J. Srinivasan
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
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11
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Impact of Primary RPE Cells in a Porcine Organotypic Co-Cultivation Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070990. [PMID: 35883547 PMCID: PMC9313304 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological events of age-related macular degeneration are characterized by degenerative processes involving the photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the Bruch's membrane as well as choroidal alterations. To mimic in vivo interactions between photoreceptor cells and RPE cells ex vivo, complex models are required. Hence, the aim of this study was to establish a porcine organotypic co-cultivation model and enlighten the interactions of photoreceptor and RPE cells, with a special emphasis on potential neuroprotective effects. Porcine neuroretina explants were cultured with primary porcine RPE cells (ppRPE) or medium derived from these cells (=conditioned medium). Neuroretina explants cultured alone served as controls. After eight days, RT-qPCR and immunohistology were performed to analyze photoreceptors, synapses, macroglia, microglia, complement factors, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL1B, IL6, TNF) in the neuroretina samples. The presence of ppRPE cells preserved photoreceptors, whereas synaptical density was unaltered. Interestingly, on an immunohistological as well as on an mRNA level, microglia and complement factors were comparable in all groups. Increased IL6 levels were noted in ppRPE and conditioned medium samples, while TNF was only upregulated in the ppRPE group. IL1B was elevated in conditioned medium samples. In conclusion, a co-cultivation of ppRPE cells and neuroretina seem to have beneficial effects on the neuroretina, preserving photoreceptors and maintaining synaptic vesicles in vitro. This organotypic co-cultivation model can be used to investigate the complex interactions between the retina and RPE cells, gain further insight into neurodegenerative pathomechanisms occurring in retinal diseases, and evaluate potential therapeutics.
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12
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Gonzalez-Diaz JM, Radua J, Sanchez-Dalmau B, Camos-Carreras A, Zamora DC, Bernardo M. Mapping Retinal Abnormalities in Psychosis: Meta-analytical Evidence for Focal Peripapillary and Macular Reductions. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:1194-1205. [PMID: 35810337 PMCID: PMC9673251 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested that the retina structure is affected in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). We aimed to investigate the location and size of the potential differences between patients and healthy controls (HC) in several thickness and volume measures across the retina. STUDY DESIGN We included cross-sectional studies comparing peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, macular volume, macular thickness (MT), foveal thickness, ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thickness (GCL+IPL), cup volume, and cup/disc ratio (C/D) in the right and/or left eyes and/or the pRNFL and MT quadrants between patients with SSD and HC. Search databases were MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central, and medrxiv.org. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Standardized mean differences (SMD), subgroup analysis, and meta-regression with several variables were computed using the dmetar package in R. PROSPERO: CRD42021287873. STUDY RESULTS Data from 22 reports (942 patients, 742 HC) were included. We found a retinal thinning in pRNFL (-0.30; 95% CI: -0.46, -0.14), macula (-0.37; 95% CI: -0.61, -0.13), and GCL+IPL (-0.33; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.10). The retinal thinning was especially pronounced in the superior and inferior quadrants of the inner ring of the macula. We also observed a decrease of macular volume (-0.44; 95% CI: -0.68, -0.20) and an increase in C/D ratio (0.35; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.67). CONCLUSIONS Current evidence demonstrates retinal thinning in SSD, affecting both axonal and cellular structures, specially focused in the inner ring of the macula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo M Gonzalez-Diaz
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,UR Center for Mental Health—CERSAME, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia,Clinica Nuestra Señora de la Paz, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernardo Sanchez-Dalmau
- Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain,Visual Lab. Ocular Inflammation Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Camos-Carreras
- Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain,Visual Lab. Ocular Inflammation Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana C Zamora
- UR Center for Mental Health—CERSAME, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Clinical Institute of Neuroscience. Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170. 08036. Barcelona, Spain; tel: +34 93 227 54 00 Ext. 3142, e-mail:
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13
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Rosa RH, Xie W, Zhao M, Tsai SH, Roddy GW, Su MG, Potts LB, Hein TW, Kuo L. Intravitreal Administration of Stanniocalcin-1 Rescues Photoreceptor Degeneration with Reduced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Porcine Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 239:230-243. [PMID: 35307380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1), a secreted polypeptide exhibiting multiple functions in cell survival and death, on photoreceptor degeneration in a porcine model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS P23H transgenic pigs (TG P23H) and wild-type hybrid littermates were obtained from the National Swine Resource and Research Center. Human recombinant STC-1 was injected intravitreally every 2 weeks from postnatal day 15 (P15) to P75. The contralateral eye was injected with balanced salt solution as a control. Electroretinography (ERG) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed to evaluate retinal function and morphology in vivo at P90. Retinal tissue was collected for histologic analysis and molecular assays to evaluate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms by which STC-1 may rescue photoreceptor degeneration. RESULTS Intravitreal injection of STC-1 improved retinal function in TG P23H pigs with increased photopic and flicker ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes. Greater integrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) band on SD-OCT and morphologic rescue with preservation of cone photoreceptors were observed in STC-1-treated TG P23H pigs. STC-1 altered gene expression in TG P23H pig retina on microarray analysis and increased photoreceptor specific gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. STC-1 significantly decreased oxidative stress and the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β in TG P23H pig retina. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal administration of STC-1 enhances cone photoreceptor function, improves EZ integrity, and reduces retinal degeneration through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in a large animal (pig) model of the most common form of autosomal dominant RP in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Rosa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK).
| | - Wankun Xie
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Shu-Huai Tsai
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Gavin W Roddy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (GR)
| | - Maxwell G Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Luke B Potts
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
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14
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Abstract
The retinal and the choroidal thickness were measured at four locations along the horizontal direction (foveola, one nasal to the fovea and two temporal) in a group of 43 young adults (mean age: 27.1 ± 3.9 years), with ocular refraction ranging from emmetropia to high myopia (0 to −10D). Thickness values were obtained from OCT images centered at the foveal depression. The retinal thickness exhibited a correlation with refraction at all eccentricities but not at the fovea. When different subgroups of refraction were considered, the analysis of such correlations indicated that only the retinal thickness in the group of high myopia (refraction ≤ −6D) was statistically different from the other two groups (emmetropes: [−0.5, 0] D, and myopes: (−6, −0.5) D). No significant differences were found between emmetropic and myopic groups. In contrast to the retina, the choroidal thickness exhibited a significant correlation with refraction at the fovea, although such dependency only stood for high myopes (the choroid of myopes and emmetropes exhibited similar thickness). Correlation with refraction was also found at the nasal location, arising between emmetropic and high myopia groups. Other choroidal locations among groups did not exhibit relationship with the refraction. It is concluded that the differences in the choroid and retina thickness along the horizontal meridian as a function of refraction do not characterize the onset and progression of myopia at early stages, since they only manifest in the group of high myopia.
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15
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Tong J, Phu J, Alonso-Caneiro D, Khuu SK, Kalloniatis M. Prediction of Retinal Ganglion Cell Counts Considering Various Displacement Methods From OCT-Derived Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:13. [PMID: 35575777 PMCID: PMC9123515 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare various displacement models using midget retinal ganglion cell to cone (mRGC:C) ratios and to determine viability of estimating RGC counts from optical coherence tomography (OCT)–derived ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) measurements. Methods Four Drasdo model variations were applied to macular visual field (VF) stimulus locations: (1) using meridian-specific Henle fiber length along the stimulus circumference; (2) using meridian-specific differences in RGC receptive field and counts along the stimulus circumference; (3) per method (2), averaged across principal meridians; and (4) per method (3), with the stimulus center displaced only. The Sjöstrand model was applied (5) along the stimulus circumference and (6) to the stimulus center only. Eccentricity-dependent mRGC:C ratios were computed over displaced areas, with comparisons to previous models using sum of squares of the residuals (SSR) and root mean square error (RMSE). RGC counts estimated from OCT-derived ganglion cell layer (GCL) and GCIPL measurements, from 143 healthy participants, were compared using Bland–Altman analyses. Results Methods 1, 2, and 5 produced mRGC:C ratios most consistent with previous models (SSR 3.82, 4.07, and 3.02; RMSE 0.22, 0.23, and 0.20), while central mRGC:C ratios were overestimated by method 3 and underestimated by methods 4 and 6. RGC counts predicted from GCIPL measurements were within 16% of GCL-based counts, with no notable bias with increasing RGC counts. Conclusions Sjöstrand displacement and meridian-specific Drasdo displacement applied to VF stimulus circumferences produce mRGC:C ratios consistent with previous models. RGC counts can be estimated from OCT-derived GCIPL measurements. Translational Relevance Implementing appropriate displacement methods and deriving RGC estimates from relevant OCT parameters enables calculation of the number of RGCs responding to VF stimuli from commercial instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Tong
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Jack Phu
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- Queensland University of Technology, Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, QLD, Australia
| | - Sieu K Khuu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
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16
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Wagner N, Safaei A, Vogt PA, Gammel MR, Dick HB, Schnichels S, Joachim SC. Coculture of ARPE-19 Cells and Porcine Neural Retina as an Ex Vivo Retinal Model. Altern Lab Anim 2022; 50:27-44. [PMID: 35302924 DOI: 10.1177/02611929221082662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neural retinal organ cultures are used to investigate ocular pathomechanisms. However, these cultures lack the essential retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, which are part of the actual in vivo retina. To simulate a more realistic ex vivo model, porcine neural retina explants were cocultured with ARPE-19 cells (ARPE-19 group), which are derived from human RPE. To identify whether the entire cells or just the cell factors are necessary, in a second experimental group, porcine neural retina explants were cultured with medium derived from ARPE-19 cells (medium group). Individually cultured neural retina explants served as controls (control group). After 8 days, all neural retinas were analysed to evaluate retinal thickness, photoreceptors, microglia, complement factors and synapses (n = 6-8 per group). The neural retina thickness in the ARPE-19 group was significantly better preserved than in the control group (p = 0.031). Also, the number of L-cones was higher in the ARPE-19 group, as compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the ARPE-19 group displayed an increased presynaptic glutamate uptake (determined via vGluT1 labelling) and enhanced post-synaptic density (determined via PSD-95 labelling). Combined Iba1 and iNOS detection revealed only minor effects of ARPE-19 cells on microglial activity, with a slight downregulation of total microglia activity apparent in the medium group. Likewise, only minor beneficial effects on photoreceptors and synaptic structure were found in the medium group. This novel system offers the opportunity to investigate interactions between the neural retina and RPE cells, and suggests that the inclusion of a RPE feeder layer has beneficial effects on the ex vivo maintenance of neural retina. By modifying the culture conditions, this coculture model allows a better understanding of photoreceptor death and photoreceptor-RPE cell interactions in retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Wagner
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, 9142Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Armin Safaei
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, 9142Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Pia A Vogt
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, 9142Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Maurice R Gammel
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, 9142Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - H Burkhard Dick
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, 9142Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Sven Schnichels
- Centre for Ophthalmology Tübingen, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie C Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, 9142Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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17
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Abid A, Duval R, Boutopoulos C. Development and ex-vivo validation of 36G polyimide cannulas integrating a guiding miniaturized OCT probe for robotic assisted subretinal injections. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:850-861. [PMID: 35284163 PMCID: PMC8884232 DOI: 10.1364/boe.448471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We introduced and validated a method to encase guiding optical coherence tomography (OCT) probes into clinically relevant 36G polyimide subretinal injection (SI) cannulas. Modified SI cannulas presented consistent flow capacity and tolerated the typical mechanical stress encountered in clinical use without significant loss of sensitivity. We also developed an approach that uses a micromanipulator, modified SI cannulas, and an intuitive graphical user interface to enable precise SI. We tested the system using ex-vivo porcine eyes and we found a high SI success ratio 95.0% (95% CI: 83.1-99.4). We also found that 75% of the injected volume ends up at the subretinal space. Finally, we showed that this approach can be applied to transform commercial 40G SI cannulas to guided cannulas. The modified cannulas and guiding approach can enable precise and reproducible SI of novel gene and cell therapies targeting retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Abid
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renaud Duval
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christos Boutopoulos
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Werner JS, Gorczynska I, Spillmann L. Heinrich Müller (1820-1864) and the entoptic discovery of the site in the retina where vision is initiated. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE NEUROSCIENCES 2022; 31:64-90. [PMID: 34720038 DOI: 10.1080/0964704x.2021.1959165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heinrich Müller was a nineteenth-century German retinal anatomist who, during his short career, was one of the discoverers of the rod photopigment rhodopsin and neuroglia in the retina, now known as Müller cells. He also described the ocular muscles and double foveae of some birds. An important, but largely neglected, insight by Müller was to combine careful psychophysical measurements and geometrical optics to find the location of the photosensitive layer of the retina in the living eye. Here, we provide translated passages from Müller's (1855) publication and compare his entoptic observations with retinal imaging using optical coherence tomography. Müller correctly deduced from his careful experiments that vision is initiated in the photoreceptors located in the back of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Werner
- UC Davis Eye Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Iwona Gorczynska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicholaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Lothar Spillmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Tong J, Yoshioka N, Alonso-Caneiro D, Zangerl B. Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer measurements derived from widefield compared to montaged 9-field optical coherence tomography. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 105:822-830. [PMID: 34791988 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1993058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE With equivalent inner retinal thickness measurements compared to a more conventional composite optical coherence tomography (OCT) protocol, Widefield optical coherence tomography (WF-OCT) is a clinically viable, time-saving option facilitating detection of ocular pathologies within the central 55° of the retina. PURPOSE To compare ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses obtained using a single WF-OCT scan and standard composite OCT scans acquired in 9 fields of gaze (9F-OCT). METHODS Thirteen healthy participants underwent WF-OCT and 9F-OCT using the Spectralis OCT. The GCIPL was automatically segmented with a manual review for 9F-OCT and was manually segmented for WF-OCT. After registration, differences in GCIPL thicknesses were compared using 95% confidence intervals computed from one-sample t-tests and Bland-Altman analyses. Location-specific differences in B-scan tilt were analysed using Spearman correlations and linear regression models. To determine whether B-scan tilt influences GCIPL measurements, regression models of tilt versus differences between perpendicular and axial GCIPL thickness were applied. RESULTS While scattered locations demonstrated significant GCIPL thickness differences between WF-OCT and 9F-OCT, most differences did not exceed the axial pixel resolution of the instrument of 3.87 µm. Bland-Altman analyses indicated no notable bias using WF-OCT. Moderate correlations indicating significant location-specific differences in B-scan tilt were observed for temporal, central and inferior B-scans (r = -0.62 to 0.72), with linear regression models predicting a maximum difference in the tilt of 4.65°. The quadratic regression model indicated that at tilts greater than 27.3°, perpendicular GCIPL measurements become increasingly thin relative to axial measurements. CONCLUSIONS GCIPL thicknesses and B-scan tilts from WF-OCT are comparable to 9F-OCT, indicating that WF-OCT can be applied clinically to obtain valid inner retinal OCT measurements over 55° of the central retina with relative ease. However, for peripheral locations, B-scan tilt may need to be considered when measuring GCIPL thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Tong
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nayuta Yoshioka
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Barbara Zangerl
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Hopf S, Schuster AK, Hennermann JB, Pfeiffer N, Pitz S. Retinal thinning in phenylketonuria and Gaucher disease type 3. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 260:1153-1160. [PMID: 34636993 PMCID: PMC8913472 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal alterations in inherited metabolic diseases associated with neurodegeneration are poorly studied. The objective was to study retinal thickness, specifically the components of the ganglion cell complex (GCC)-nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL)-using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in two different diseases with potential dopaminergic depletion, phenylketonuria (PKU) and Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3). METHODS Retinal layers in 19 patients with PKU, 15 patients with GD3, and 93 healthy individuals were measured using peripapillary ring scan and macular SD-OCT. Linear mixed models were computed including an adjustment for age, sex, and spherical equivalent. We calculated Spearman's rank correlations between retinal layer measurements and clinical and/or laboratory parameters. RESULTS Thinning of total retinal thickness was found in the macular inner ring (p = 0.002), and outer ring (p = 0.012), sparing the fovea (p = 0.12) in PKU, while in GD3, all subfields were thinned (fovea p < 0.001, inner ring p = 0.047, outer ring 0.07). In both conditions, thinning was most evident in the NFL, GCL, and IPL, while OPL (outer plexiform layer) was thickened. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer measurements remained normal. GCL and IPL in PKU correlated with tyrosine serum concentration. CONCLUSION Thinning of the NFL, GCL, and IPL, with thickened OPL, are both found in PKU and in GD3. Low dopamine concentrations in the retina might promote these effects. However, these data do not give evidence that retinal measurements can be used as a biomarker for disease severity in patients with GD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hopf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alexander K Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia B Hennermann
- Villa Metabolica, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Pitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Orbital Center, Ophthalmic Clinic, Bürgerhospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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21
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Choi KE, Anh VTQ, Oh JH, Yun C, Kim SW. Normative Data of Axial Length, Retinal Thickness Measurements, Visual Evoked Potentials, and Full-Field Electroretinography in Female, Wild-Type Minipigs. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 34605876 PMCID: PMC8496425 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.12.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to present normative data of optical coherence tomography (OCT), electrophysiological, and ocular biometry parameters and their correlation in minipigs. Methods Eighty-eight eyes of 44 minipigs underwent full-field electroretinogram (ERG) recording and ocular biometry. However, 10 eyes of 6 minipigs were excluded because of poor OCT image quality. The thickness of the retinal sublayers was measured on a vertical line at 5 locations with a 1 mm interval from the disc margin to the dorsal periphery and at 10 locations on the visual streak. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were measured in 15 eyes of 8 minipigs. Results All minipigs were female with a mean age and axial length of 13.83 ± 10.56 months and 20.33 ± 0.88 mm, respectively. The implicit time of the a-wave and b-wave in scotopic 3.0 ERGs was longer than that in photopic 3.0 ERG. The implicit time of the n2-wave and p2-wave in VEP was 25.67 ± 7.41 ms and 52.96 ± 10.38 ms, respectively. The total retinal layer (TRL) and nerve fiber layer (NFL) became thinner near the periphery. The inner retinal sublayers near the visual streak were thicker than those at other locations. Central TRL and NFL thickness on visual streak was 223.06 ± 23.19 µm and 74.03 ± 13.93 µm, respectively. The temporal TRL and NFL on the visual streak were thicker than those on the nasal side. Conclusions The normative electrophysiological and OCT parameters used in our study can be used as reference data in further pig studies. Translational Relevance This study presents normative data of minipigs, which are adequate animal models for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vu Thi Que Anh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jong-Hyun Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Brais-Brunet S, Heckel É, Kanniyappan U, Chemtob S, Boudoux C, Joyal JS, Dehaes M. Morphometric and Microstructural Changes During Murine Retinal Development Characterized Using In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:20. [PMID: 34698774 PMCID: PMC8556565 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.13.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop an in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) system capable of imaging the developing mouse retina and its associated morphometric and microstructural changes. Methods Thirty-four wild-type mice (129S1/SvlmJ) were anesthetized and imaged between postnatal (P) day 7 and P21. OCT instrumentation was developed to optimize signal intensity and image quality. Semi-automatic segmentation tools were developed to quantify the retinal thickness of the nerve fiber layer (NFL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and the outer retinal layers (ORL), in addition to the total retina. The retinal maturation was characterized by comparing layer thicknesses between consecutive time points. Results From P7 to P10, the IPL increased significantly, consistent with retinal synaptogenesis. From P10 to P12, the IPL and ORL also increased, which is coherent with synaptic connectivity and photoreceptor maturation. In contrast, during these periods, the INL decreased significantly, consistent with cellular densification and selective apoptotic “pruning” of the tissue during nuclear migration. Thereafter from P12 to P21, the INL continued to thin (significantly from P17 to P21) whereas the other layers remained unchanged. No time-dependent changes were observed in the NFL. Overall, changes in the total retina were attributed to those in the IPL, INL, and ORL. Regions of the retina adjacent to the optic nerve head were thinner than distal regions during maturation. Conclusions Changes in retinal layer thickness are consistent with retinal developmental mechanisms. Accordingly, this report opens new horizons in using our system in the mouse to characterize longitudinally developmental digressions in models of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Brais-Brunet
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Émilie Heckel
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Udayakumar Kanniyappan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mathieu Dehaes
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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23
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Beckmann L, Cai Z, Cole J, Miller DA, Liu M, Grannonico M, Zhang X, Ryu HJ, Netland PA, Liu X, Zhang HF. In vivo imaging of the inner retinal layer structure in mice after eye-opening using visible-light optical coherence tomography. Exp Eye Res 2021; 211:108756. [PMID: 34492282 PMCID: PMC10061273 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The growth of the mouse eye and retina after birth is a dynamic, highly regulated process. In this study, we applied visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT), a non-invasive imaging technique, to examine developing retinal layer structures after eye-opening. We introduced a resampled circumpapillary B-scan averaging technique to improve the inter-layer contrast, enabling retinal layer thickness measurements as early as postnatal day 13 (P13) - right after eye-opening. We confirmed vis-OCT measurements using ex vivo confocal microscopy of retinal sections at different ages. Our results demonstrate that vis-OCT can visualize the developmental murine retinal layer structure in vivo, which offers us new opportunities to better characterize the pathological alterations in mouse models of developmental eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Beckmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - James Cole
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David A Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mingna Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Marta Grannonico
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Peter A Netland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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24
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Choi KE, Anh VTQ, Kim JT, Yun C, Cha S, Ahn J, Goo YS, Kim SW. An experimental pig model with outer retinal degeneration induced by temporary intravitreal loading of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea during vitrectomy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:258. [PMID: 33420119 PMCID: PMC7794530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to develop an outer retinal degeneration pig model induced by temporary intravitreal loading of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) during vitrectomy. In a preliminary experiment involving 5 mini-pig cases to determine the appropriate concentration of MNU, the vitreous cavity of each eye was filled with 4, 8, 10, 12, or 16 mg/mL MNU for 10 min, which was then replaced with a balanced salt solution. Multimodal examinations including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and full-field electroretinography (ffERG) were obtained at baseline and week 2, week 6, and week 12. The retinal degeneration was classified according to the amplitudes of a dark adaptive (DA) 10.0 a-wave amplitude. The degree of moderate retinal degeneration was defined as DA 10.0 a-wave amplitude ≥ 10% and < 60% of baseline amplitude. The degree of severe degeneration was defined as DA 10.0 a-wave amplitude < 10% of baseline amplitude, noise, or flat signal. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed at week 12. The main experiments were conducted first with 10 cases of 5 mg/mL and later with 13 cases of 10 mg/mL. In the preliminary experiment, degree of outer retinal degeneration increased with MNU concentration. Use of 4, 8, 10, 12, and 16 mg/mL MNU showed no, moderate, severe, severe, and atrophic changes, respectively. In the main experiments, there were 9 cases of moderate retinal degeneration and 1 case of severe degeneration in 5 mg/mL MNU group. Two cases of moderate degeneration and 11 of severe degeneration were recorded in 10 mg/mL group. Mean thickness of total retina, inner nuclear layer, and outer nuclear layer decreased at week 2 in both groups. The mean amplitudes on ffERG decreased at week 2. The ffERG and OCT findings did not change from week 2 to week 6 or week 12. The results of staining supported those of ffERG and OCT. Temporal MNU loading in a vitrectomized pig-eye model induced customized outer retinal degeneration with changing the concentration of MNU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vu Thi Que Anh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jee Taek Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongkwang Cha
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jungryul Ahn
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yong Sook Goo
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea.
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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25
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Zhao M, Xie W, Hein TW, Kuo L, Rosa RH. Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in Rats. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2319:77-85. [PMID: 34331245 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1480-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model has been widely used for research on wet age-related macular degeneration (wet-AMD) and other ocular neovascular diseases. In this model, the Bruch membrane is perforated by laser injury, resulting in neovascularization formed from the choroidal capillaries. It has become a standard method to evaluate the effect of different treatments on CNV progression in preclinical studies. This protocol can be used in various species, including rat, mouse, pig, and monkey. The rodent laser-induced CNV model is the most commonly used because of the advantages in both cost- and time-efficiency. It takes only 10-15 min to complete the whole laser procedure after adequate training and practicing the technique. Peak CNV formation occurs at approximately 2 weeks after laser application. The entire protocol may require up to 3 weeks to complete the treatment, fundus image acquisition, and tissue collection for histologic analysis. This chapter describes the detailed procedures, protocols, and useful notes on how to induce CNV by laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Heath Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Wankun Xie
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Heath Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Heath Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Heath Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Robert H Rosa
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Heath Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA.
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Structural Features Associated With the Development and Progression of RORA Secondary to Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 218:136-147. [PMID: 32446735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the development and progression of retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy (RORA) secondary to maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD). DESIGN Retrospective observational case series. METHODS Thirty-six eyes of 18 patients (age range, 22.4-71.6 years) with genetically proven MIDD and serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were included. As proposed reference standard to diagnose and stage atrophy, OCT images were longitudinally evaluated and analyzed for presence and precursors of RORA. RORA was defined as an area of (1) hypertransmission, (2) disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium, (3) photoreceptor degeneration, and (4) absence of other signs of a retinal pigment epithelial tear. RESULTS The majority of patients revealed areas of RORA in a circular area around the fovea of between 5° and 15° eccentricity. Over the observation time (range, 0.5-8.5 years), evidence for a consistent sequence of OCT features from earlier disease stages to the end stage of RORA could be found, starting with loss of ellipsoid zone and subretinal deposits, followed by loss of external limiting membrane and loss of retinal pigment epithelium with hypertransmission of OCT signal into the choroid, and leading to loss of the outer nuclear layer bordered by hyporeflective wedges. Outer retinal tabulations seemed to develop in regions of coalescent areas of RORA. CONCLUSIONS The development and progression of RORA could be tracked in MIDD patients using OCT images, allowing potential definition of novel surrogate markers. Similarities to OCT features in age-related macular degeneration, where mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis, support wide-ranging benefits from proof-of-concept studies in MIDD.
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27
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Hein TW, Omae T, Xu W, Yoshida A, Kuo L. Role of Arginase in Selective Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Nitric Oxide Synthase-Mediated Dilation of Retinal Arterioles during Early Diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:36. [PMID: 32437549 PMCID: PMC7405695 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal vasomotor activity can be regulated by two major endothelial enzymes, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX). The vascular arginase also consumes a NOS substrate and thus impedes NOS-mediated vasodilation. Diabetes mellitus exhibits vascular complications in the retina with elevated oxidative stress and compromised NOS-mediated vasodilation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, and the effect of diabetes on COX-mediated vasodilation is unknown. Herein, we examined the relative impact of diabetes on retinal arteriolar dilations to COX and NOS activation and the roles of arginase and superoxide in diabetes-induced vasomotor dysfunction. Methods Retinal arterioles were isolated from streptozocin-induced diabetic pigs (2 weeks of hyperglycemia, 433 ± 27 mg/dL) or age-matched control pigs (97 ± 4 mg/dL). The vasodilations to bradykinin (NOS activator) and histamine (NOS/COX activator) were examined in vitro. Results Retinal arteriolar dilations to histamine and bradykinin were significantly reduced after 2 weeks of diabetes. The NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) attenuated the dilations of control vessels, but not diabetic vessels, to histamine. In the presence of L-NAME and COX inhibitor indomethacin, histamine-induced dilations of control and diabetic vessels were reduced similarly. Treatment of diabetic vessels with arginase inhibitor nor-NOHA, but not superoxide dismutase mimetic TEMPOL, preserved both histamine- and bradykinin-induced dilations in an L-NAME-sensitive manner. Conclusions Arginase, rather than superoxide, impairs endothelium-dependent NOS-mediated dilation of retinal arterioles during diabetes, whereas vasodilation mediated by COX remains intact. Blockade of vascular arginase may improve endothelial function of retinal arterioles during early onset of diabetes.
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28
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Kinoshita J, Fujita K, Yasuno K, Suzuki T, Iguchi T, Nishiya T, Mori K. Outer retinal involvement in N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced inner retinal injury in rabbits assessed by optical coherence tomography. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:261-269. [PMID: 32404558 DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate morphological alteration of the retina with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced injury in rabbits by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The right and left eyes of a total of 12 rabbits received single-intravitreal injection of vehicle and NMDA, respectively. Four out of the 12 animals underwent OCT and quantification of plasma microRNA repeatedly (4, 48, and 168 hr after dosing), followed by ocular histopathology at the end of the study. Ocular histopathology was also conducted in the eyes collected 4 or 48 hr after dosing from 4 animals at each time period. OCT revealed hyper-reflective ganglion cell complex and thickened inner retina in NMDA-treated eyes 4 hr after dosing; the inner retina shifted to thinning at later time points. The eyes given NMDA also exhibited greater thickness of the outer retina, which contains photoreceptors, after treatment, and thickened and obscured ellipsoid zone 168 hr after dosing. The plasma levels of miR-182 and miR-183, which are known to be highly expressed in photoreceptors, were higher 4 hr after dosing than pre-dosing values. Histopathologically, NMDA-induced inner retinal damage was confirmed: single-cell necrosis was observed in the ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer 4 hr after dosing, the incidence of which decreased thereafter. At 168 hr after dosing, reduced number of ganglion cells was noted. No change was histopathologically observed in the outer retina. In conclusion, our results suggest involvement of photoreceptors in NMDA-induced inner retinal injury. Additionally, OCT revealed acute inner retinal findings suggestive of temporary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzo Kinoshita
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Katsumi Fujita
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kyohei Yasuno
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takami Suzuki
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takuma Iguchi
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | | | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
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29
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Shen W, Teo KYC, Wood JPM, Vaze A, Chidlow G, Ao J, Lee SR, Yam MX, Cornish EE, Fraser-Bell S, Casson RJ, Gillies MC. Preclinical and clinical studies of photobiomodulation therapy for macular oedema. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1900-1915. [PMID: 32661752 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic macular oedema (DME) is the leading cause of visual impairment in people with diabetes. Intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors or corticosteroids prevent loss of vision by reducing DME, but the injections must be given frequently and usually for years. Here we report laboratory and clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of 670 nm photobiomodulation (PBM) for treatment of centre-involving DME. METHODS The therapeutic effect of PBM delivered via a light-emitting diode (LED) device was tested in transgenic mice in which induced Müller cell disruption led to photoreceptor degeneration and retinal vascular leakage. We also developed a purpose-built 670 nm retinal laser for PBM to treat DME in humans. The effect of laser-delivered PBM on improving mitochondrial function and protecting against oxidative stress was studied in cultured rat Müller cells and its safety was studied in pigmented and non-pigmented rat eyes. We then used the retinal laser to perform PBM in an open-label, dose-escalation Phase IIa clinical trial involving 21 patients with centre-involving DME. Patients received 12 sessions of PBM over 5 weeks for 90 s per treatment at a setting of 25, 100 or 200 mW/cm2 for the three sequential cohorts of 6-8 patients each. Patients were recruited from the Sydney Eye Hospital, over the age of 18 and had centre-involving DME with central macular thickness (CMT) of >300 μm with visual acuity of 75-35 Log minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) letters (Snellen visual acuity equivalent of 20/30-20/200). The objective of this trial was to assess the safety and efficacy of laser-delivered PBM at 2 and 6 months. The primary efficacy outcome was change in CMT at 2 and 6 months. RESULTS LED-delivered PBM enhanced photoreceptor mitochondrial membrane potential, protected Müller cells and photoreceptors from damage and reduced retinal vascular leakage resulting from induced Müller cell disruption in transgenic mice. PBM delivered via the retinal laser enhanced mitochondrial function and protected against oxidative stress in cultured Müller cells. Laser-delivered PBM did not damage the retina in pigmented rat eyes at 100 mW/cm2. The completed clinical trial found a significant reduction in CMT at 2 months by 59 ± 46 μm (p = 0.03 at 200 mW/cm2) and significant reduction at all three settings at 6 months (25 mW/cm2: 53 ± 24 μm, p = 0.04; 100 mW/cm2: 129 ± 51 μm, p < 0.01; 200 mW/cm2: 114 ± 60 μm, p < 0.01). Laser-delivered PBM was well tolerated in humans at settings up to 200 mW/cm2 with no significant side effects. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION PBM results in anatomical improvement of DME over 6 months and may represent a safe and non-invasive treatment. Further testing is warranted in randomised clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02181400 Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyong Shen
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Kelvin Yi Chong Teo
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - John P M Wood
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Anagha Vaze
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Glyn Chidlow
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jack Ao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - So-Ra Lee
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Michelle X Yam
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Elisa E Cornish
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Samantha Fraser-Bell
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Robert J Casson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Mark C Gillies
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
- Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
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30
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Chen YL, Rosa RH, Kuo L, Hein TW. Hyperglycemia Augments Endothelin-1-Induced Constriction of Human Retinal Venules. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:1. [PMID: 32879758 PMCID: PMC7442874 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.9.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoactive factor implicated in development of diabetic retinopathy, which is commonly associated with retinal edema and hyperglycemia. Although the vasomotor activity of venules contributes to the regulation of tissue fluid homeostasis, responses of human retinal venules to ET-1 under euglycemia and hyperglycemia remain unknown and the ET-1 receptor subtype corresponding to vasomotor function has not been determined. Herein, we addressed these issues by examining the reactivity of isolated human retinal venules to ET-1, and results from porcine retinal venules were compared. Methods Retinal tissues were obtained from patients undergoing enucleation. Human and porcine retinal venules were isolated and pressurized to assess diameter changes in response to ET-1 after exposure to 5 mM control glucose or 25 mM high glucose for 2 hours. Results Both human and porcine retinal venules exposed to control glucose developed similar basal tone and constricted comparably to ET-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. ET-1–induced constrictions of human and porcine retinal venules were abolished by ETA receptor antagonist BQ123. During high glucose exposure, basal tone of human and porcine retinal venules was unaltered but ET-1–induced vasoconstrictions were enhanced. Conclusions ET-1 elicits comparable constriction of human and porcine retinal venules by activation of ETA receptors. In vitro hyperglycemia augments human and porcine retinal venular responses to ET-1. Translational Relevance Similarities in vasoconstriction to ET-1 between human and porcine retinal venules support the latter as an effective model of the human retinal microcirculation to help identify vascular targets for the treatment of retinal complications in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Robert H Rosa
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
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31
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Cuenca N, Ortuño-Lizarán I, Sánchez-Sáez X, Kutsyr O, Albertos-Arranz H, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Noailles A, López-Garrido JA, López-Gálvez M, Lax P, Maneu V, Pinilla I. Interpretation of OCT and OCTA images from a histological approach: Clinical and experimental implications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 77:100828. [PMID: 31911236 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have been a technological breakthrough in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of many retinal diseases, thanks to its resolution and its ability to inform of the retinal state in seconds, which gives relevant information about retinal degeneration. In this review, we present an immunohistochemical description of the human and mice retina and we correlate it with the OCT bands in health and pathological conditions. Here, we propose an interpretation of the four outer hyperreflective OCT bands with a correspondence to retinal histology: the first and innermost band as the external limiting membrane (ELM), the second band as the cone ellipsoid zone (EZ), the third band as the outer segment tips phagocytosed by the pigment epithelium (PhaZ), and the fourth band as the mitochondria in the basal portion of the RPE (RPEmitZ). The integrity of these bands would reflect the health of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. Moreover, we describe how the vascular plexuses vary in different regions of the healthy human and mice retina, using OCTA and immunohistochemistry. In humans, four, three, two or one plexuses can be observed depending on the distance from the fovea. Also, specific structures such as vascular loops in the intermediate capillary plexus, or spider-like structures of interconnected capillaries in the deep capillary plexus are found. In mice, three vascular plexuses occupy the whole retina, except in the most peripheral retina where only two plexuses are found. These morphological issues should be considered when assessing a pathology, as some retinal diseases are associated with structural changes in blood vessels. Therefore, the analysis of OCT bands and OCTA vascular plexuses may be complementary for the diagnosis and prognosis of retinal degenerative processes, useful to assess therapeutic approaches, and it is usually correlated to visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain; Institute Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustina Noailles
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa, University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
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32
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Huckenpahler AL, Carroll J, Salmon AE, Sajdak BS, Mastey RR, Allen KP, Kaplan HJ, McCall MA. Noninvasive Imaging and Correlative Histology of Cone Photoreceptor Structure in the Pig Retina. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:38. [PMID: 31867139 PMCID: PMC6922271 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.6.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate different methods of studying cone photoreceptor structure in wild-type (WT) and transgenic pigs carrying the human rhodopsin P23H mutant gene (TgP23H). METHODS For in vivo imaging, pigs were anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam and isoflurane and given lidocaine-bupivacaine retrobulbar injections. Stay sutures and a custom head mount were used to hold and steer the head for adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). Six WT and TgP23H littermates were imaged at postnatal day 30 (P30), P90, and P180 with AOSLO and optical coherence tomography (OCT), and two additional sets of littermates were imaged at P3 and P15 with OCT only. AOSLO imaging and correlative differential interference contrast microscopy were performed on a P240 WT pig and on WT and TgP23H littermates at P30 and P180. RESULTS AOSLO cone density generally underestimates histology density (mean difference ± SD = 24.8% ± 21.4%). The intensity of the outer retinal hyperreflective OCT band attributed to photoreceptors is attenuated in TgP23H pigs at all ages. In contrast, AOSLO images show cones that retain inner and outer segments through P180. At retinal locations outside the visual streak, TgP23H pigs show a heterogeneous degenerating cone mosaic by using two criteria: variable contrast on a split detector AOSLO and high reflectivity on a confocal AOSLO. CONCLUSIONS AOSLO reveals that the cone mosaic is similar to ex vivo histology. Its use as a noninvasive tool will enable observation of morphologic changes that arise in the cone mosaic of TgP23H pigs over time. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Pigs are widely used for translational studies, and the ability to noninvasively assess cellular changes in the cone mosaic will facilitate more detailed investigations of new retinal disease models as well as outcomes of potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Huckenpahler
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alexander E Salmon
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin S Sajdak
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca R Mastey
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth P Allen
- Biomedical Resource Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Maureen A McCall
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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33
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Abid A, Mittal S, Boutopoulos C. Etching-enabled extreme miniaturization of graded-index fiber-based optical coherence tomography probes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 25:1-5. [PMID: 31707773 PMCID: PMC7010983 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.3.032006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduced and validated a method to miniaturize graded-index (GRIN) fiber-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) probes down to 70 μm in diameter. The probes consist in an assembly of single-mode (SM), coreless (CL), and graded-index (GRIN) fibers. We opted for a probe design enabling controlled size reduction by hydrogen fluoride etching. The fabrication approach prevents nonuniform etching for both the GRIN and SM fiber components, while it requires no probe polishing postetching. We found that the miniaturized probes present insignificant loss of sensitivity (∼1 dB) compared to their thicker (125 μm) counterparts. We also showed that their focusing capabilities remain tunable and highly predictable. The fabrication process is simple and can be carried out by using inexpensive telecom equipment. Both the fabrication process and the developed probes can benefit the prototyping of minimally invasive endoscopic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Abid
- University of Montreal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shiv Mittal
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Applied Science, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christos Boutopoulos
- University of Montreal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Montreal, Department of Ophthalmology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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34
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Xie W, Zhao M, Tsai SH, Burkes WL, Potts LB, Xu W, Payne HR, Hein TW, Kuo L, Rosa RH. Data on SD-OCT image acquisition, ultrastructural features, and horizontal tissue shrinkage in the porcine retina. Data Brief 2018; 21:1019-1025. [PMID: 30450393 PMCID: PMC6226599 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the research paper entitled "Correlation of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography with Histology and Electron Microscopy in the Porcine Retina" (Xie et al., 2018) [2]. This research data highlights our technique for retinal fundus image acquisition during spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a large animal model. Low and high magnification electron micrographs are included to demonstrate the ultrastructural features of the porcine retina. Data on horizontal tissue shrinkage during processing of the porcine retina are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wankun Xie
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Shu-Huai Tsai
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - William L Burkes
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Luke B Potts
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - H Ross Payne
- Image Analysis Laboratory, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Robert H Rosa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
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35
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Xie W, Zhao M, Tsai SH, Burkes WL, Potts LB, Xu W, Payne HR, Hein TW, Kuo L, Rosa RH. Correlation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography with histology and electron microscopy in the porcine retina. Exp Eye Res 2018; 177:181-190. [PMID: 30120928 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is used as a non-invasive tool for retinal morphological assessment in vivo. Information on the correlation of SD-OCT with retinal histology in the porcine retina, a model resembling the human retina, is limited. Herein, we correlated the hypo- and hyper-reflective bands on SD-OCT with histology of the lamellar architecture and cellular constituents of the porcine retina. SD-OCT images were acquired with the Heidelberg Spectralis HRA + OCT. Histological analysis was performed using epoxy resin embedded tissue and transmission electron microscopy. Photomicrographs from the histologic sections were linearly scaled to correct for tissue shrinkage and correlated with SD-OCT images. SD-OCT images correlated well with histomorphometric data. A hyper-reflective band in the mid-to-outer inner nuclear layer correlated with the presence of abundant mitochondria in horizontal cell processes and adjacent bipolar cells. A concentration of cone nuclei corresponded to a relative hypo-reflective band in the outer portion of the outer nuclear layer. The presence of 3 hyper-reflective bands in the outer retina corresponded to: 1) the external limiting membrane; 2) the cone and rod ellipsoid zones; and 3) the interdigitation zone of photoreceptor outer segments/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) apical cell processes and the RPE. These correlative and normative SD-OCT data may be employed to characterize and assess the in vivo histologic changes in retinal vascular and degenerative diseases and the responses to novel therapeutic interventions in this large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wankun Xie
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Shu-Huai Tsai
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - William L Burkes
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Luke B Potts
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - H Ross Payne
- Image Analysis Laboratory, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Robert H Rosa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA.
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