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Phillips PCA, de Sousa Loreto Aresta Branco M, Cliff CL, Ward JK, Squires PE, Hills CE. Targeting senescence to prevent diabetic kidney disease: Exploring molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for disease management. Diabet Med 2024:e15408. [PMID: 38995865 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS As a microvascular complication, diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease worldwide. While the underlying pathophysiology driving transition of diabetic kidney disease to renal failure is yet to be fully understood, recent studies suggest that cellular senescence is central in disease development and progression. Consequently, understanding the molecular mechanisms which initiate and drive senescence in response to the diabetic milieu is crucial in developing targeted therapies that halt progression of renal disease. METHODS To understand the mechanistic pathways underpinning cellular senescence in the context of diabetic kidney disease, we reviewed the literature using PubMed for English language articles that contained key words related to senescence, inflammation, fibrosis, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), autophagy, and diabetes. RESULTS Aberrant accumulation of metabolically active senescent cells is a notable event in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Through autocrine- and paracrine-mediated mechanisms, resident senescent cells potentiate inflammation and fibrosis through increased expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemoattractants, recruitment of immune cells, myofibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix remodelling. Compounds that eliminate senescent cells and/or target the SASP - including senolytic and senomorphics drugs - demonstrate promising results in reducing the senescent cell burden and associated pro-inflammatory effect. CONCLUSIONS Here we evidence the link between senescence and diabetic kidney disease and highlight underlying molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets that could be exploited to delay disease progression and improve outcomes for individuals with the disease. Trials are now required to translate their therapeutic potential to a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joanna Kate Ward
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, College of Health and Science, Lincoln, UK
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2
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Yan M, Lin K, Huang D, Li J, Qu X, Chen K. Semaglutide attenuates pathological electrophysiological remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy via restoring Cx43 expression. Endocrine 2024; 84:969-979. [PMID: 38647981 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semaglutide is a relatively new anti-hyperglycemic agent that was shown to carry cardioprotective potentials. However, the exact effects of semaglutide on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and their underlining mechanism remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of semaglutide on myocardium injury and cardiac function in DCM mice and its potential mechanisms, with emphasis on its effects on Cx43 and electrophysiological remodeling. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, semaglutide group, diabetes group, and diabetes + semaglutide treatment group. Type 1 diabetes were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Mice in the semaglutide intervention group were injected subcutaneously with semaglutide (0.15 mg/kg) every week for 8 weeks. The blood glucose, cardiac function, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, expression of Sirt1, AMPK, Cx43, and electrocardiogram of mice in each group were evaluated. RESULTS Treatment with semaglutide alleviated glucose metabolism disorders and improved cardiac dysfunction in diabetic mice. In addition, semaglutide ameliorated the increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic heart. Sirt1/AMPK pathway was activated after semaglutide treatment. Furthermore, diabetic mice showed reduced expression of Cx43 in the myocardium, accompanied by changes in electrocardiogram, including significantly prolonged RR, QRS, QT and QTc interval. Semaglutide treatment restored Cx43 expression and reversed the above-mentioned ECG abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Our research results showed that semaglutide protected against oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic heart, thereby improving cardiac function and electrophysiological remodelling in DCM mice, which may attribute to activation of Sirt1/AMPK pathway and restore of Cx43 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Kaibin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xinkai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Kankai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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3
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Tang C, Yang C, Wang P, Li L, Lin Y, Yi Q, Tang F, Liu L, Zhou W, Liu D, Zhang L, Yuan X. Identification and Validation of Glomeruli Cellular Senescence-Related Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy by Multiomics. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300453. [PMID: 37957539 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that cellular premature senescence of the glomerulus, including endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and podocytes leads to diabetic nephropathy (DN), and DN is regarded as a clinical model of premature senescence. However, the role of cellular senescence-associated genes in the glomerulus in DN progression remains unclear. Therefore, this work aims to identify and validate potential cellular aging-related genes in the glomerulus in DN to provide novel clues for DN treatment based on anti-aging. The microarray GSE96804 dataset, including 41 diabetic glomeruli and 20 control glomeruli, is retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and cellular senescence-related genes (CSRGs) are obtained from the GeneCards database and literature reports. Subsequently, PPI, GO, and KEGG enrichment are analyzed by screening the intersection between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and CSRGs. scRNA-seq dataset GSE127235 is used to verify core genes expression in glomerulocytes of mice. Finally, db/db mice are utilized to validate the hub gene expression in the glomeruli, and high glucose-induced mesangial cells are used to confirm key gene expression. This study reveals that FOS and ZFP36 may play an anti-aging role in DN to ameliorate cell intracellular premature aging in mesangial cells of glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyin Tang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Chunsong Yang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Peiwen Wang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Luxin Li
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Yunzhu Lin
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Qiusha Yi
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Fengru Tang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Postgraduate Department, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Dongwen Liu
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
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Kaewin S, Poolsri W, Korkut GG, Patrakka J, Aiebchun T, Rungrotmongkol T, Sungkaworn T, Sukanadi IB, Chavasiri W, Muanprasat C. A sulfonamide chalcone AMPK activator ameliorates hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115158. [PMID: 37473685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which currently lacks effective treatments. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) stimulation by chalcones, a class of polyphenols abundantly found in plants, is proposed as a promising therapeutic approach for DM. This study aimed to identify novel chalcone derivatives with improved AMPK-stimulating activity in human podocytes and evaluate their mechanisms of action as well as in vivo efficacy in a mouse model of DN. Among 133 chalcone derivatives tested, the sulfonamide chalcone derivative IP-004 was identified as the most potent AMPK activator in human podocytes. Western blot analyses, intracellular calcium measurements and molecular docking simulation indicated that IP-004 activated AMPK by mechanisms involving direct binding at allosteric site of calcium-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) without affecting intracellular calcium levels. Interestingly, eight weeks of intraperitoneal administration of IP-004 (20 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased fasting blood glucose level, activated AMPK in the livers, muscles and glomeruli, and ameliorated albuminuria in db/db type II diabetic mice. Collectively, this study identifies a novel chalcone derivative capable of activating AMPK in vitro and in vivo and exhibiting efficacy against hyperglycemia and DN in mice. Further development of AMPK activators based on chalcone derivatives may provide an effective treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Kaewin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - Wanangkan Poolsri
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - Gül Gizem Korkut
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thitinan Aiebchun
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Titiwat Sungkaworn
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - I Butu Sukanadi
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand.
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Roger E, Boutin L, Chadjichristos CE. The Role of Connexin 43 in Renal Disease: Insights from In Vivo Models of Experimental Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113090. [PMID: 36361888 PMCID: PMC9656944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal disease is a major public health challenge since its prevalence has continuously increased over the last decades. At the end stage, extrarenal replacement therapy and transplantation remain the only treatments currently available. To understand how the disease progresses, further knowledge of its pathophysiology is needed. For this purpose, experimental models, using mainly rodents, have been developed to unravel the mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of renal disease, as well as to identify potential targets for therapy. The gap junction protein connexin 43 has recently been identified as a novel player in the development of kidney disease. Its expression has been found to be altered in many types of human renal pathologies, as well as in different animal models, contributing to the activation of inflammatory and fibrotic processes that lead to renal damage. Furthermore, Cx43 genetic, pharmacogenetic, or pharmacological inhibition preserved renal function and structure. This review summarizes the existing advances on the role of this protein in renal diseases, based mainly on different in vivo animal models of acute and chronic renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Roger
- INSERM, UMR-S1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, 75020 Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Louis Boutin
- INSERM, UMR-S1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, 75020 Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-942, MASCOT, Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Condition, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
- FHU PROMICE AP-HP, Saint Louis and DMU Parabol, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Department of Anesthesiology, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Christos E. Chadjichristos
- INSERM, UMR-S1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, 75020 Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Jones JC, Bodenstine TM. Connexins and Glucose Metabolism in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710172. [PMID: 36077565 PMCID: PMC9455984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins are a family of transmembrane proteins that regulate diverse cellular functions. Originally characterized for their ability to mediate direct intercellular communication through the formation of highly regulated membrane channels, their functions have been extended to the exchange of molecules with the extracellular environment, and the ability to modulate numerous channel-independent effects on processes such as motility and survival. Notably, connexins have been implicated in cancer biology for their context-dependent roles that can both promote or suppress cancer cell function. Moreover, connexins are able to mediate many aspects of cellular metabolism including the intercellular coupling of nutrients and signaling molecules. During cancer progression, changes to substrate utilization occur to support energy production and biomass accumulation. This results in metabolic plasticity that promotes cell survival and proliferation, and can impact therapeutic resistance. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of connexin and cancer biology, however, delineating the roles these multi-faceted proteins play in metabolic adaptation of cancer cells is just beginning. Glucose represents a major carbon substrate for energy production, nucleotide synthesis, carbohydrate modifications and generation of biosynthetic intermediates. While cancer cells often exhibit a dependence on glycolytic metabolism for survival, cellular reprogramming of metabolic pathways is common when blood perfusion is limited in growing tumors. These metabolic changes drive aggressive phenotypes through the acquisition of functional traits. Connections between glucose metabolism and connexin function in cancer cells and the surrounding stroma are now apparent, however much remains to be discovered regarding these relationships. This review discusses the existing evidence in this area and highlights directions for continued investigation.
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Chen R, Zeng J, Li C, Xiao H, Li S, Lin Z, Huang K, Shen J, Huang H. Fraxin Promotes the Activation of Nrf2/ARE Pathway via Increasing the Expression of Connexin43 to Ameliorate Diabetic Renal Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853383. [PMID: 35401165 PMCID: PMC8987976 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is quickly becoming the largest cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in diabetic patients, as well as a major source of morbidity and mortality. Our previous studies indicated that the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway via Connexin43 (Cx43) considerably contribute to the prevention of oxidative stress in the procession of DN. Fraxin (Fr), the main active glycoside of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance, has been demonstrated to possess many potential pharmacological activities. Whereas, whether Fr could alleviate renal fibrosis through regulating Cx43 and consequently facilitating the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway needs further investigation. The in vitro results showed that: 1) Fr increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes including SOD1 and HO-1 to inhibit high glucose (HG)-induced fibronectin (FN) and inflammatory cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) overexpression; 2) Fr exerted antioxidant effect through activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway; 3) Fr significantly up-regulated the expression of Cx43 in HG-induced glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs), while the knock down of Cx43 largely impaired the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway induced by Fr; 4) Fr promoted the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway via regulating the interaction between Cx43 and AKT. Moreover, in accordance with the results in vitro, elevated levels of Cx43, phosphorylated-AKT, Nrf2 and downstream antioxidant enzymes related to Nrf2 were observed in the kidneys of Fr-treated group compared with model group. Importantly, Fr significantly improved renal dysfunction pathological changes of renal fibrosis in diabetic db/db mice. Collectively, Fr could increase the Cx43-AKT-Nrf2/ARE pathway activation to postpone the diabetic renal fibrosis and the up-regulation of Cx43 is probably a novel mechanism in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingran Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuting Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiming Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyuan Lin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaipeng Huang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Heqing Huang, ; Kaipeng Huang, ; Juan Shen,
| | - Juan Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Heqing Huang, ; Kaipeng Huang, ; Juan Shen,
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Heqing Huang, ; Kaipeng Huang, ; Juan Shen,
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8
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Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Protection: Mechanism Progresses and Challenges. Pharmacol Res 2021; 176:106049. [PMID: 34971725 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, multiple clinical trials have shown that sodium glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) inhibitors have significant beneficial cardiovascular effects. This includes reducing the incidence of cardiovascular deaths and heart failure hospitalizations in people with and without diabetes, as well as those with and without generalized heart failure. The exact mechanism responsible for these beneficial effects is not completely understood. To explain the cardiovascular protective effects of SGLT1 inhibitors, several potential arguments have been proposed, including decreasing oxidative stress, regulating cardiac glucose uptake, preventing ischemia/reperfusion injury, alleviating the activation of cardiac fibroblasts, attenuating apoptosis, reducing intermittent high glucose-induced pyroptosis, ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy, attenuating arrhythmic vulnerabilities, and improving left ventricular systolic disorder. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of these mechanisms, and attempts to synthesize and prioritize mechanisms related to the reduction of clinical events.
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9
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Yu HX, Lin W, Yang K, Wei LJ, Chen JL, Liu XY, Zhong K, Chen X, Pei M, Yang HT. Transcriptome-Based Network Analysis Reveals Hirudin Potentiates Anti-Renal Fibrosis Efficacy in UUO Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:741801. [PMID: 34621173 PMCID: PMC8490886 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.741801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hirudin has been widely used in the treatment of antifibrosis. Previous studies have shown that hirudin can effectively improve the clinical remission rate of chronic kidney disease. However, the mechanism of its renal protection has not been systematically investigated. Methods: In this study, the reliability of UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis was evaluated by histopathological verification. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of hirudin, differentially expressed mRNAs were identified, and their functions were analyzed by GO analysis and GSEA. In addition, the RNA-seq results were validated by in vitro and vivo experiments. Results: We found 322 identical differential expressed genes (IDEs) in the UUO hirudin-treated group compared with the sham group. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that cellular amino acid metabolic processes were the most obvious enrichment pathways in biological processes. In terms of molecular functional enrichment analysis, IDEs were mainly enriched in coenzyme binding, pyridoxal phosphate binding and other pathways. In addition, microbody is the most obvious pathway for cellular components. A total of 115 signaling pathways were enriched, and AMPK, JAK-STAT, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were the important signaling pathways enriched. We found that PI3K, p-Akt, and mTOR expression were significantly reduced by hirudin treatment. In particular, our results showed that hirudin could induce a decrease in the expression of autophagy-related proteins such as P62, LC3, Beclin-1 in TGF-β1-induced NRK-52E cells. Conclusion: Our results suggest that hirudin may protect the kidney by ameliorating renal autophagy impairment through modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Xing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Kidney Disease Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Wei
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun-Li Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Tao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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10
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Lee CC, Chen WT, Chen SY, Lee TM. Dapagliflozin attenuates arrhythmic vulnerabilities by regulating connexin43 expression via the AMPK pathway in post-infarcted rat hearts. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114674. [PMID: 34252408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor, attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Connexin43 playing a role in ventricular arrhythmia is sensitive to redox status. No data are available on the effects of dapagliflozin on arrhythmogenesis. This study was to determine whether dapagliflozin attenuated arrhythmias through modulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/free radicals-induced connexin43 after myocardial infarction. After coronary ligation, normoglycemic male Wistar rats were randomized to either vehicle or dapagliflozin (0.1 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. Myocardial ROS levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05) and connexin43 levels were substantially decreased after myocardial infarction (p < 0.05). Dapagliflozin administration was associated with increased SGLT1, attenuated ROS and increased connexin43 levels in myocardium (all p < 0.05). During programmed electrical stimulation, arrhythmic severity was significantly improved in the dapagliflozin-treated infarcted rats than those in the vehicle-treated infarcted rats (p < 0.05). Dapagliflozin significantly increased AMPK phosphorylation compared to vehicle after infarction (p < 0.05). Inhibition of AMPK signaling by SBI-0206965 prevented increased SGLT1 and blocked the effects of dapagliflozin on attenuated ROS levels and increased connexin43 phosphorylation (all p < 0.05). SGLT1 inhibited by KGA-2727 showed attenuated ROS levels and increased connexin43 phosphorylation (both p < 0.05) although AMPK phosphorylation was not changed, implying SGLT1 activation was mediated by AMPK in dapagliflozin-treated hearts. Dapagliflozin-treated hearts had significantly increased connexin43 phosphorylation (p < 0.05), which was significantly decreased after adding 3-morpholinosydnonimine (p < 0.05). These data indicate that clinically-relevant dapagliflozin concentrations decreased free radicals content and increased connexin43 levels through AMPK-dependent and SGLT1-independent mechanisms, which attenuated ventricular arrhythmias in the normoglycemic infarcted rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Syue-Yi Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Tuttle CS, Luesken SW, Waaijer ME, Maier AB. Senescence in tissue samples of humans with age-related diseases: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101334. [PMID: 33819674 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher numbers of senescent cells have been implicated in age-related disease pathologies. However, whether different diseases have different senescent phenotypes is unknown. Here we provide a systematic overview of the current available evidence of senescent cells in age-related diseases pathologies in humans and the markers currently used to detect senescence levels in humans. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were systematically searched from inception to the 29th of September 2019, using keywords related to 'senescence', 'age-related diseases' and 'biopsies'. RESULTS In total 12,590 articles were retrieved of which 103 articles were included in this review. The role of senescence in age-related disease has been assessed in 9 different human organ system and 27 different age-related diseases of which heart (27/103) and the respiratory systems (18/103) are the most investigated. Overall, 27 different markers of senescence have been used to determine cellular senescence and the cell cycle regulator p16ink4a is most often used (23/27 age-related pathologies). CONCLUSION This review demonstrates that a higher expression of senescence markers are observed within disease pathologies. However, not all markers to detect senescence have been assessed in all tissue types.
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12
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Kim SR, Kwon SH. Podocytes and microRNA-30/Cx43 axis in diabetic nephropathy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:828. [PMID: 34164462 PMCID: PMC8184484 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Rin Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Soon Hyo Kwon
- Division of Nephrology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Guo J, Zheng HJ, Zhang W, Lou W, Xia C, Han XT, Huang WJ, Zhang F, Wang Y, Liu WJ. Accelerated Kidney Aging in Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1234059. [PMID: 32774664 PMCID: PMC7407029 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1234059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With aging, the kidney undergoes inexorable and progressive changes in structural and functional performance. These aging-related alterations are more obvious and serious in diabetes mellitus (DM). Renal accelerated aging under DM conditions is associated with multiple stresses such as accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The main hallmarks of cellular senescence in diabetic kidneys include cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, telomere shortening, and diabetic nephropathy-associated secretory phenotype. Lysosome-dependent autophagy and antiaging proteins Klotho and Sirt1 play a fundamental role in the accelerated aging of kidneys in DM, among which the autophagy-lysosome system is the convergent mechanism of the multiple antiaging pathways involved in renal aging under DM conditions. Metformin and the inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 are recommended due to their antiaging effects independent of antihyperglycemia, besides angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers. Additionally, diet intervention including low protein and low AGEs with antioxidants are suggested for patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, their long-term benefits still need further study. Exploring the interactive relationships among antiaging protein Klotho, Sirt1, and autophagy-lysosome system may provide insight into better satisfying the urgent medical needs of elderly patients with aging-related DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui Juan Zheng
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenjiao Lou
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenhui Xia
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xue Ting Han
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jun Huang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yaoxian Wang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Nephrology, and Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, No. 57th South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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Li J, Li B, Bai F, Ma Y, Liu N, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu Q. Metformin therapy confers cardioprotection against the remodeling of gap junction in tachycardia-induced atrial fibrillation dog model. Life Sci 2020; 254:117759. [PMID: 32389830 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metformin, introduced in 1957, is widely used as an anti-diabetic drug and has considerable benefits in cardiovascular disease reportedly, dependent or independent on its glucose-lowering effects. Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of metformin on gap junction and the inducibility of AF. METHODS Beagle dogs were subjected to acute or chronic pacing at right atrial appendage by a pacemaker to develop an AF model and electrophysiological parameters were measured. In vitro study, a cell fast pacing model was developed by CardioExcyte 96. We performed Western blot, histology immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy to detect the effect of metformin. RESULTS In chronic AF model, the inducibility and duration of AF increased obviously after pacing for 6 weeks compared with sham-operated group (Inducibility, 3.33 ± 5.77 vs. 85.33 ± 7.89%, P<0.0001; Duration, 0.8 ± 0.84 vs. 11 ± 2.67 ms, P<0.0001). Effective refractory periods (ERP) decreased at left and right left atrium and atrial appendages compared with sham-operated group (123.95 ± 6.57 vs. 89.96 ± 7.39 ms P<0.0001). Metformin attenuated the pacing-induced increase in EPR (89.96 ± 7.39 vs. 105.83 ± 7.45 ms, P<0.05), AF inducibility and AF duration (Inducibility, 85.33 ± 7.89 vs. 64.17 ± 7.36%, Duration, 11 ± 2.67 vs. 8.62 ± 1.15 ms, P<0.05). The expression of Cx43 shows a significant downregulation(about 38%, P<0.001) after chronic pacing and treating with metformin could alleviate this decrease(P<0.01). However, the effect of metformin in acute pacing model is limited. The immunohistochemical staining of cardiac tissue also shown that there is more lateralized Cx43 under pacing condition (87.67 ± 2.52 vs. 60.8 ± 9.13%, P<0.005). These pacing-induced lateralize Cx43 could be alleviated by the metformin (48.4 ± 8.62 vs. 60.8 ± 9.13%, P<0.05). Additionally, metformin could affect the interactions of ZO-1 with p-Src/Cx43 via decrease the abnormal cAMP level after pacing (84.04 ± 4.58 vs. 69.34 ± 4.5 nmol/L, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Metformin could alleviate the vulnerability of AF and attenuate the downregulation of gap junction under pacing condition via AMPK pathway and decreasing the P-Src level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinxu Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaozhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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15
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Pan Q, Lu X, Zhao C, Liao S, Chen X, Guo F, Yang C, Liu HF. Metformin: the updated protective property in kidney disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8742-8759. [PMID: 32364526 PMCID: PMC7244070 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a frontline hypoglycemic agent, which is mainly prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that metformin also exerts protective effects against various kidney diseases. Some postulate that kidney disease is actually a metabolic disease, accompanied by nonresolving pathophysiologic pathways controlling oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, fibrosis, and senescence, as well as insufficient host defense mechanisms such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and autophagy. Metformin may interfere with these pathways by orchestrating AMPK signaling and AMPK-independent pathways to protect the kidneys from injury. Furthermore, the United States Food and Drug Administration declared metformin is safe for patients with mild or moderate kidney impairment in 2016, assuaging some conservative attitudes about metformin management in patients with renal insufficiency and broadening the scope of research on the renal protective effects of metformin. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which metformin imparts renal protection and its potential in the treatment of various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuzhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengbiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
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16
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Price GW, Potter JA, Williams BM, Cliff CL, Squires PE, Hills CE. Connexin-mediated cell communication in the kidney: A potential therapeutic target for future intervention of diabetic kidney disease?: Joan Mott Prize Lecture. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:219-229. [PMID: 31785013 DOI: 10.1113/ep087770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cells to communicate and synchronise their activity is essential for the maintenance of tissue structure, integrity and function. A family of membrane-bound proteins called connexins are largely responsible for mediating the local transfer of information between cells. Assembled in the cell membrane as a hexameric connexon, they either function as a conduit for paracrine signalling, forming a transmembrane hemi-channel, or, if aligned with connexons on neighbouring cells, form a continuous aqueous pore or gap junction, which allows for the direct transmission of metabolic and electrical signals. Regulation of connexin synthesis and activity is critical to cellular function, and a number of diseases are attributed to changes in the expression and/or function of these important proteins. A link between hyperglycaemia, connexin expression, altered nucleotide concentrations and impaired function highlights a potential role for connexin-mediated cell communication in complications of diabetes. In the diabetic kidney, glycaemic injury is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure, reflecting multiple aetiologies including glomerular hyperfiltration, albuminuria, increased deposition of extracellular matrix and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Loss of connexin-mediated cell-to-cell communication in diabetic nephropathy may represent an early sign of disease progression, but our understanding of the process remains severely limited. This review focuses on recent evidence demonstrating that glucose-evoked changes in connexin-mediated cell communication and associated purinergic signalling may contribute to the pathogenesis of kidney disease in diabetes, highlighting the tantalising potential of targeting these proteins as a novel therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W Price
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Joe A Potter
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Bethany M Williams
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Chelsy L Cliff
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Paul E Squires
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Claire E Hills
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
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17
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Liu Z, Liu H, Xiao L, Liu G, Sun L, He L. STC-1 ameliorates renal injury in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the expression of BNIP3 through the AMPK/SIRT3 pathway. J Transl Med 2019; 99:684-697. [PMID: 30683904 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes, and it is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is present in various tissues, and it has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities, which play a role in kidney protection, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanism that underlies these effects remains unknown. This study suggests that STC-1 ameliorates oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in the kidneys of db/db mice and high glucose (HG)-treated BUMPT cells by inhibiting Bnip3 expression through AMPK/Sirt3 pathway activation. In the clinic, DKD patients with high levels of STC-1 have a better prognosis than patients with low STC-1 levels. Thus, we concluded that STC-1 ameliorates renal injury in DN by inhibiting the expression of Bnip3 through the AMPK/SIRT3 pathway and that serum STC-1 is independently associated with DKD progression in patients with type 2 diabetes. As high STC-1 levels indicate a better prognosis, synthetic STC-1 may become a potential drug for the treatment of DKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changde Vocational Technical College, Changde, 415000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Ogrodnik M, Salmonowicz H, Gladyshev VN. Integrating cellular senescence with the concept of damage accumulation in aging: Relevance for clearance of senescent cells. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12841. [PMID: 30346102 PMCID: PMC6351832 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the aging process and ways to manipulate it is of major importance for biology and medicine. Among the many aging theories advanced over the years, the concept most consistent with experimental evidence posits the buildup of numerous forms of molecular damage as a foundation of the aging process. Here, we discuss that this concept integrates well with recent findings on cellular senescence, offering a novel view on the role of senescence in aging and age‐related disease. Cellular senescence has a well‐established role in cellular aging, but its impact on the rate of organismal aging is less defined. One of the most prominent features of cellular senescence is its association with macromolecular damage. The relationship between cell senescence and damage concerns both damage as a molecular signal of senescence induction and accelerated accumulation of damage in senescent cells. We describe the origin, regulatory mechanisms, and relevance of various damage forms in senescent cells. This view on senescent cells as carriers and inducers of damage puts new light on senescence, considering it as a significant contributor to the rise in organismal damage. Applying these ideas, we critically examine current evidence for a role of cellular senescence in aging and age‐related diseases. We also discuss the differential impact of longevity interventions on senescence burden and other types of age‐related damage. Finally, we propose a model on the role of aging‐related damage accumulation and the rate of aging observed upon senescent cell clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences; Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Hanna Salmonowicz
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences; Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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19
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Wang SY, Cai GY, Chen XM. Energy restriction in renal protection. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1149-1158. [PMID: 30401006 PMCID: PMC6316363 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Energy restriction (ER) has been widely studied as a novel intervention, and its ability to prolong life has been fully demonstrated. For example, ER can significantly extend the lifespans of model flies, worms, rodents and other mammals. The role of ER in renal protection has also been elucidated. In preclinical studies, adjusting total energy intake or consumption of specific nutrients has prophylactic or therapeutic effects on ageing-related kidney disease and acute and chronic kidney injury. Amino acid restriction has gradually attracted attention. ER mimetics have also been studied in depth. The protective mechanisms of ER and ER mimetics for renal injury include increasing AMP-activated protein kinase and sirtuin type 1 (Sirt1) levels and autophagy and reducing mammalian target of rapamycin, inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the renal protective effect of ER has mostly been investigated in rodent models, and the role of ER in patients cannot be determined due to the lack of large randomised controlled trials. To protect the kidney, the mechanism of ER must be thoroughly researched, and more accurate diet or drug interventions need to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Sun LY, Li XJ, Sun YM, Huang W, Fang K, Han C, Chen ZH, Luo XQ, Chen YQ, Wang WT. LncRNA ANRIL regulates AML development through modulating the glucose metabolism pathway of AdipoR1/AMPK/SIRT1. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:127. [PMID: 30134922 PMCID: PMC6106744 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA ANRIL has been found to be abnormally expressed and play important roles in different cancers. However, the expression and function of ANRIL in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain to be declared. In this study, we found that ANRIL is up-regulated in AML patients at diagnosis and down-regulated in patients after complete remission (CR). Functional studies showed that knockdown of ANRIL expression resulted in a decline in glucose uptake and inhibition of AML cell maintenance in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, ANRIL was found to repress the expression of Adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1), a key regulator of glucose metabolism. Both ANRIL and AdipoR1 knockdown reduced the expression levels of phosphorylation of AMPK and SIRT1, implying a previously unappreciated ANRIL-AdipoR1-AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway in regulating cell glucose metabolism and survival in AML. The study is the first to demonstrate that ANRIL promotes malignant cell survival and cell glucose metabolism to accelerate AML progression and is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cai Han
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xue-Qun Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China. .,School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China. .,School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Li X, Yu L, Gao J, Bi X, Zhang J, Xu S, Wang M, Chen M, Qiu F, Fu G. Apelin Ameliorates High Glucose-Induced Downregulation of Connexin 43 via AMPK-Dependent Pathway in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes. Aging Dis 2018; 9:66-76. [PMID: 29392082 PMCID: PMC5772859 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a common disorder, with increasing risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Studies have shown that altered connexin expression and gap junction remodeling under hyperglycemia contribute to the high prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and even sudden death. Connexin 43 (Cx43), a major protein that assembles to form cardiac gap junctions, has been found to be downregulated under high glucose conditions, along with inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). While, apelin, a beneficial adipokine, increases Cx43 protein expression in mouse and human embryonic stem cells during cardiac differentiation. However, it remains unknown whether apelin influences GJIC capacity in cardiomyocytes. Here, using Western blotting and dye transfer assays, we found that Cx43 protein expression was reduced and GJIC was impaired after treatment with high glucose, which, however, could be abrogated after apelin treatment for 48 h. We also found that apelin increased Cx43 expression under normal glucose. Real-time PCR showed that the Cx43 mRNA was not significantly affected under high glucose conditions in the presence of apelin or high glucose and apelin. High glucose decreased the phosphorylation of AMPKα; however, apelin activated AMPKα. Interestingly, we found that Cx43 expression was increased after treatment with AICAR, an activator of AMPK signaling. AMPKα inhibition mediated with transfection of siRNA-AMPKα1 and siRNA-AMPKα2 abolished the protective effect of apelin on Cx43 expression. Our data suggest that apelin attenuates high glucose-induced Cx43 downregulation and improves the loss of functional gap junctions partly through the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Li
- 1Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Yu
- 1Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Gao
- 1Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xukun Bi
- 1Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juhong Zhang
- 2Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiming Xu
- 3Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- 4Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- 1Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuyu Qiu
- 1Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- 1Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yang S, Zhao L, Han Y, Liu Y, Chen C, Zhan M, Xiong X, Zhu X, Xiao L, Hu C, Liu F, Zhou Z, Kanwar YS, Sun L. Probucol ameliorates renal injury in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the expression of the redox enzyme p66Shc. Redox Biol 2017; 13:482-497. [PMID: 28728079 PMCID: PMC5514499 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Probucol is an anti-hyperlipidemic agent and a potent antioxidant drug that can delay progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and reverses renal oxidative stress in diabetic animal models; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. p66Shc is a newly recognized mediator of mitochondrial ROS production in renal cells under high-glucose (HG) ambience. We previously showed that p66Shc can serve as a biomarker for renal oxidative injury in DN patients and that p66Shc up-regulation is correlated with renal damage in vivo and in vitro. Here, we determined whether probucol ameliorates renal injury in DN by inhibiting p66Shc expression. RESULTS We found that the expression of SIRT1, Ac-H3 and p66Shc in kidneys of DN patients was altered. Also, probucol reduced the levels of serum creatinine, urine protein and LDL-c and attenuated renal oxidative injury and fibrosis in STZ induced diabetic mice. In addition, probucol reversed p-AMPK, SIRT1, Ac-H3 and p66Shc expression. Correlation analyses showed that p66Shc expression was correlated with p-AMPK and Sirt1 expression and severity of renal injury. In vitro pretreatment of HK-2 cells with p-AMPK and SIRT1 siRNA negated the beneficial effects of probucol. Furthermore, we noted that probucol activates p-AMPK and Sirt1 and inhibits p66shc mRNA transcription by facilitating the binding of Sirt1 to the p66Shc promoter and modulation of Ac-H3 expression in HK-2 cells under HG ambience. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Our results suggest for the first time that probucol ameliorates renal damage in DN by epigenetically suppressing p66Shc expression via the AMPK-SIRT1-AcH3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaofen Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Diabetes Center, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Department of Pathology & Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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23
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Roy S, Jiang JX, Li AF, Kim D. Connexin channel and its role in diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 61:35-59. [PMID: 28602949 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the working age population. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this devastating ocular complication. The early stage of diabetic retinopathy is characterized by the loss of various cell types in the retina, namely endothelial cells and pericytes. As the disease progresses, vascular leakage, a clinical hallmark of diabetic retinopathy, becomes evident and may eventually lead to diabetic macular edema, the most common cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy. Substantial evidence indicates that the disruption of connexin-mediated cellular communication plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Yet, it is unclear how altered communication via connexin channel mediated cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular microenvironment is linked to the development of diabetic retinopathy. Recent observations suggest the possibility that connexin hemichannels may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy by allowing communication between cells and the microenvironment. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that connexin channels may be involved in regulating retinal vascular permeability. These cellular events are coordinated at least in part via connexin-mediated intercellular communication and the maintenance of retinal vascular homeostasis. This review highlights the effect of high glucose and diabetic condition on connexin channels and their impact on the development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayon Roy
- Departments of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - An-Fei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dongjoon Kim
- Departments of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Zhang Z, Cheng X, Yue L, Cui W, Zhou W, Gao J, Yao H. Molecular pathogenesis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and therapeutic potential by targeting AMP-activated protein kinase. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1999-2006. [PMID: 28160496 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- School of Pharmacy; Anhui Medical University Hefei; Anhui China
| | - Li Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School; Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Wenhui Cui
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Wencheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy; Anhui Medical University Hefei; Anhui China
| | - Jian Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry; Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School; Providence Rhode Island
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25
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Hu X, Bai T, Xu Z, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Cai L. Pathophysiological Fundamentals of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:693-711. [PMID: 28333387 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) was first recognized more than four decades ago and occurred independent of cardiovascular diseases or hypertension in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The exact mechanisms underlying this disease remain incompletely understood. Several pathophysiological bases responsible for DCM have been proposed, including the presence of hyperglycemia, nonenzymatic glycosylation of large molecules (e.g., proteins), energy metabolic disturbance, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, impaired calcium handling, reactive oxygen species formation, inflammation, cardiac cell death, and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, leading to impairment of cardiac contractile functions. Increasing evidence also indicates the phenomenon called "metabolic memory" for diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications, for which epigenetic modulation seemed to play an important role, suggesting that the aforementioned pathogenic bases may be regulated by epigenetic modification. Therefore, this review aims at briefly summarizing the current understanding of the pathophysiological bases for DCM. Although how epigenetic mechanisms play a role remains incompletely understood now, extensive clinical and experimental studies have implicated its importance in regulating the cardiac responses to diabetes, which are believed to shed insight into understanding of the pathophysiological and epigenetic mechanisms for the development of DCM and its possible prevention and/or therapy. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:693-711, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tao Bai
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zheng Xu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Department of Hematological Disorders the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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26
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Chen Z, Xie X, Huang J, Gong W, Zhu X, Chen Q, Huang J, Huang H. Connexin43 regulates high glucose-induced expression of fibronectin, ICAM-1 and TGF-β1 via Nrf2/ARE pathway in glomerular mesangial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:77-86. [PMID: 27840317 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway is a crucial cellular defense system to cope with oxidative stress, which is adaptively activated, in diabetic condition that is not efficient enough to resist the oxidative stress provoked by hyperglycemia. We have previously demonstrated that Connexin43 (Cx43) attenuates renal fibrosis through c-Src. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further clarified. It has been reported that Cx43 possesses the ability of anti-oxidative. The current study aimed to determine if Cx43 exerts protective effects on renal fibrosis in diabetes via activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. The following findings were observed: (1) Cx43 expression decreased and c-Src activity increased in kidneys of diabetic animals; (2) Over-expressed Cx43 in high glucose treated GMCs inhibited protein levels of FN, ICAM-1 and TGF-β1; (3) Nrf2/ARE signaling adaptively responded to high glucose treatment in GMCs; (4) Cx43 reduced ROS generation by boost Nrf2/ARE signaling under high glucose condition; (5) Inhibition of c-Src activity promoted nucleus accumulation of Nrf2; (6) Over-expressed Cx43 inhibited c-Src activity and the interaction between c-Src and Nrf2 in GMCs cultured in high glucose. Thus we propose that Cx43 might enhance the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway by means of inhibiting c-Src activity to hinder the nuclear export of Nrf2, and then reduce expression of FN, ICAM-1 and TGF-β1, ultimately attenuating renal fibrosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Junying Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenyan Gong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiani Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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27
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Zeng O, Li F, Li Y, Li L, Xiao T, Chu C, Yang J. Effect of Novel Gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide on renal fibrosis and connexins expression in diabetic rats. Bioengineered 2016; 7:314-320. [PMID: 27575818 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1197743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on renal fibrosis and the expressions of connexins and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in diabetic rats. METHOD SD rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group(n = 12), STZ group (n = 12), STZ+ H2S group (n = 12), and H2S group (n = 12). Diabetic model was induced by intraperitoneal injections of STZ. After 72 h after injection, the rats whose blood glucose were higher than 16.7 mmol/L. STZ+H2S group and H2S group were injected NaHS by intraperitoneal. Control group and STZ group were injected with the same dose of normal saline (NS) in equal doses every day. 8 weeks later, urine were collected. The expression of connexin and matrix metalloproteinase was analyzed by Western blot. We measured the Kidney hydroxyproline content by hydrolysis method. Type II collagen content was detected by immunohistochemical method and Masson staining. RESULTS Compared with the control group, collagen accumulation was markedly enhanced, and the content of type II collagen, kidney hydroxyproline and timp-2 were boosted in STZ group mice (P < 0.01), while the expressions of CX40,CX43, CX45, MMP-1 and MMP-2 were obviously deceased (P < 0.01). Compared with STZ group, the expressions of CX40, CX43, CX45, MMP-1 and MMP-2 were significantly increased (P < 0.01), while the content of type II collagen, kidney hydroxyproline and timp-2 expression were markedly deceased in STZ+H2S group. CONCLUSION H2S may attenuate renal fibrosis by up-regulating the expressions of CX40, CX43, CX45 and regulating the MMPs/TIMPs parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Zeng
- a Department of Geriatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China , Hengyang , Hunan , China
| | - Fang Li
- a Department of Geriatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China , Hengyang , Hunan , China
| | - Yan Li
- a Department of Geriatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China , Hengyang , Hunan , China
| | - Lin Li
- a Department of Geriatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China , Hengyang , Hunan , China
| | - Ting Xiao
- a Department of Geriatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China , Hengyang , Hunan , China
| | - Chun Chu
- b Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China , Hengyang , Hunan , China
| | - Jun Yang
- a Department of Geriatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China , Hengyang , Hunan , China
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28
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Qiu J, Zhou S, Liu Q. Phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase slows down the atrial fibrillation progression by activating Connexin43. Int J Cardiol 2016; 208:56-7. [PMID: 26828380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.01.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiu
- Department of Cardiology/Cardiac Catheterisation Lab, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410011, China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology/Cardiac Catheterisation Lab, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410011, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology/Cardiac Catheterisation Lab, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410011, China.
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29
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Li X, Li C, Li X, Cui P, Li Q, Guo Q, Han H, Liu S, Sun G. Involvement of Histone Lysine Methylation in p21 Gene Expression in Rat Kidney In Vivo and Rat Mesangial Cells In Vitro under Diabetic Conditions. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:3853242. [PMID: 27652271 PMCID: PMC5019898 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3853242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a common complication associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by glomerular mesangial expansion, inflammation, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, and hypertrophy, is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Increasing evidence suggested that p21-dependent glomerular and mesangial cell (MC) hypertrophy play key roles in the pathogenesis of DN. Recently, posttranscriptional modifications (PTMs) have uncovered novel molecular mechanisms involved in DN. However, precise regulatory mechanism of histone lysine methylation (HKme) mediating p21 related hypertrophy associated with DN is not clear. We evaluated the roles of HKme and histone methyltransferase (HMT) SET7/9 in p21 gene expression in glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose- (HG-) treated rat mesangial cells (RMCs). p21 gene expression was upregulated in diabetic rats glomeruli; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed decreased histone H3-lysine9-dimethylation (H3K9me2) accompanied with enhanced histone H3-lysine4-methylation (H3K4me1/3) and SET7/9 occupancies at the p21 promoter. HG-treated RMCs exhibited increased p21 mRNA, H3K4me level, SET7/9 recruitment, and inverse H3K9me, which were reversed by TGF-β1 antibody. These data uncovered key roles of H3Kme and SET7/9 responsible for p21 gene expression in vivo and in vitro under diabetic conditions and confirmed preventive effect of TGF-β1 antibody on DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Li
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chaoyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Peihe Cui
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Qiaoyan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Hongbo Han
- Department of Endocrinology, 208th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Guangdong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
- *Guangdong Sun:
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30
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Grek CL, Prasad GM, Viswanathan V, Armstrong DG, Gourdie RG, Ghatnekar GS. Topical administration of a connexin43-based peptide augments healing of chronic neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers: A multicenter, randomized trial. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:203-12. [PMID: 25703647 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonhealing neuropathic foot ulcers remain a significant problem in individuals with diabetes. The gap-junctional protein connexin43 (Cx43) has roles in dermal wound healing and targeting Cx43 signalling accelerates wound reepithelialization. In a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a peptide mimetic of the C-terminus of Cx43, alpha connexin carboxy-terminal (ACT1), in accelerating the healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) when incorporated into standard of care (SOC) protocols. Adults with DFUs of at least four weeks duration were randomized to receive SOC with or without topical application of ACT1. Primary outcome was mean percent ulcer reepithelialization and safety variables included incidence of treatment related adverse events (AEs) and detection of ACT1 immunogenicity. ACT1 treatment was associated with a significantly greater reduction in mean percent ulcer area from baseline to 12 weeks (72.1% vs. 57.1%; p = 0.03). Analysis of incidence and median time-to-complete-ulcer closure revealed that ACT1 treatment was associated with a greater percentage of participants that reached 100% ulcer reepitheliazation and a reduced median time-to-complete-ulcer closure. No AEs reported were treatment related, and ACT1 was not immunogenic. Treatment protocols that incorporate ACT1 may present a therapeutic strategy that safely augments the reepithelialization of chronic DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G M Prasad
- Pace Clinical Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - David G Armstrong
- Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Robert G Gourdie
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Roanoke, Virginia.,Virginia Tech School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, and.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia
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31
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Grek CL, Rhett JM, Ghatnekar GS. Cardiac to cancer: connecting connexins to clinical opportunity. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1349-64. [PMID: 24607540 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions and their connexin components are indispensable in mediating the cellular coordination required for tissue and organ homeostasis. The critical nature of their existence mandates a connection to disease while at the same time offering therapeutic potential. Therapeutic intervention may be offered through the pharmacological and molecular disruption of the pathways involved in connexin biosynthesis, gap junction assembly, stabilization, or degradation. Chemical inhibitors aimed at closing connexin channels, peptide mimetics corresponding to short connexin sequences, and gene therapy approaches have been incredibly useful molecular tools in deciphering the complexities associated with connexin biology. Recently, therapeutic potential in targeting connexins has evolved from basic research in cell-based models to clinical opportunity in the form of human trials. Clinical promise is particularly evident with regards to targeting connexin43 in the context of wound healing. The following review is aimed at highlighting novel advances where the pharmacological manipulation of connexin biology has proven beneficial in animals or humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Grek
- FirstString Research, Inc., 300 W. Coleman Blvd., Suite 203, Mount Pleasant, SC, United States
| | - J Matthew Rhett
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Gautam S Ghatnekar
- FirstString Research, Inc., 300 W. Coleman Blvd., Suite 203, Mount Pleasant, SC, United States.
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