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Sadri S, Sharifi G, Jalali Dehkordi K. Nano branched-chain amino acids enhance the effect of uphill (concentric) and downhill (eccentric) treadmill exercise on muscle gene expression of Akt and mTOR on aged rats. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Karakilic A, Yuksel O, Kizildag S, Hosgorler F, Topcugil B, Ilgin R, Gumus H, Guvendi G, Koc B, Kandis S, Ates M, Uysal N. Regular aerobic exercise increased VEGF levels in both soleus and gastrocnemius muscles correlated with hippocampal learning and VEGF levels. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2021; 81:1-9. [PMID: 33949164 DOI: 10.21307/ane-2021-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise improves learning and memory abilities by increasing the levels of several growth factors in the hippocampus. One growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is primarily produced in the muscles and not only increases in the periphery during exercise but can also cross the blood-brain barrier. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of regular aerobic chronic exercise on different types of muscle fibers and the relationships between learning/memory and muscle induced-VEGF. Following a one-week adaptation period, male rats underwent treadmill training at a speed of 8 m/min for 30 min daily, 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Memory functions were evaluated using the Morris water maze. VEGF, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in type 1 and type 2 muscle fibers and VEGF levels were also measured in the hippocampus. Exercise positively affected both learning and memory and also increased VEGF levels in both muscle fiber types. Muscle VEGF levels positively correlate with hippocampal learning and hippocampal VEGF levels. Exercise reduced both SOD and MDA levels in type 1 and type 2 muscle fibers, whereas GPx levels decreased only in type 2 muscle fibers. Our findings suggest that regular aerobic exercise elevates VEGF levels and diminishes oxidative stress in both fiber types. Exercise-induced VEGF levels in both type 1 and 2 muscle fibers appear to be associated with the positive effect of exercise on learning and memory function and is accompanied by an increase in VEGF levels in the hippocampus. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanism by which fiber type-specific VEGF mediates hippocampal neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Physical exercise improves learning and memory abilities by increasing the levels of several growth factors in the hippocampus. One growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is primarily produced in the muscles and not only increases in the periphery during exercise but can also cross the blood-brain barrier. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of regular aerobic chronic exercise on different types of muscle fibers and the relationships between learning/memory and muscle induced-VEGF. Following a one-week adaptation period, male rats underwent treadmill training at a speed of 8 m/min for 30 min daily, 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Memory functions were evaluated using the Morris water maze. VEGF, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in type 1 and type 2 muscle fibers and VEGF levels were also measured in the hippocampus. Exercise positively affected both learning and memory and also increased VEGF levels in both muscle fiber types. Muscle VEGF levels positively correlate with hippocampal learning and hippocampal VEGF levels. Exercise reduced both SOD and MDA levels in type 1 and type 2 muscle fibers, whereas GPx levels decreased only in type 2 muscle fibers. Our findings suggest that regular aerobic exercise elevates VEGF levels and diminishes oxidative stress in both fiber types. Exercise-induced VEGF levels in both type 1 and 2 muscle fibers appear to be associated with the positive effect of exercise on learning and memory function and is accompanied by an increase in VEGF levels in the hippocampus. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanism by which fiber type-specific VEGF mediates hippocampal neurogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Karakilic
- Department of Physiology , Balıkesir University , School of Medicine , Balıkesir , Turkey
| | - Oguz Yuksel
- Department of Sports Medicine , Dokuz Eylul University , School of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Servet Kizildag
- College of Vocational School of Health Services , Dokuz Eylul University , School of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Ferda Hosgorler
- Department of Physiology , Dokuz Eylul University , School of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Birsu Topcugil
- Department of Sports Medicine , Dokuz Eylul University , School of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Rabia Ilgin
- Department of Physiology , Dokuz Eylul University , School of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Hikmet Gumus
- Department of Physiology , Dokuz Eylul University , School of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey ; Dokuz Eylul University , School of Sport Sciences and Technology , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Guven Guvendi
- Department of Physiology , Izmir Democracy University , School of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Basar Koc
- Department of Physiology , Dokuz Eylul University , School of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Sevim Kandis
- Department of Physiology , Dokuz Eylul University , School of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ates
- College of Vocational School of Health Services , Dokuz Eylul University , School of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Nazan Uysal
- Department of Physiology , Dokuz Eylul University , School of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
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Gómez-Rubio P, Trapero I. The Beneficial Effect of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Makers in Older Individuals. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:1008-1016. [PMID: 32504508 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200606225357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Old age is associated with a loss of motor functions and a general progressive decline in cognitive functions. Physical exercise is one of the ways in which inflammatory levels in general can be reduced, and therefore physical exercise can be considered a biological aging decelerator. In this article, we examine the relationships between physical exercise and inflammatory markers reported for the different physical exercise protocols that have been used in studies with older individuals, as well as the effects of these regimens. The different types of exercises programmed, and methods used to implement them were very heterogeneous in the articles we analysed. Both, the aerobic exercise and resistance training protocols produced a decrease in plasma levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α, and an increase of IL-10 plasma levels as a chronic effect. However, the acute-response of physical exercise appeared to be an initial increase in IL-6 expression and plasma IL-6 levels. Continuing with these exercise programs usually subsequently achieved a chronic response in which there was a decrease in both the basal levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α, and the IL-6 produced as acute responses. Regardless of the type of exercise performed, it seems that the exercise parameters, intensity, duration, subject variables, fitness, and level of inflammation are key factors in achieving the expected balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Trapero
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Buie JJ, Watson LS, Smith CJ, Sims-Robinson C. Obesity-related cognitive impairment: The role of endothelial dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104580. [PMID: 31454547 PMCID: PMC6834913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic associated with macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction has recently emerged as a significant risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. In this review, we present evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supporting a role for obesity in cognitive impairment. Next, we discuss how obesity-related hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis lead to cognitive impairment through induction of endothelial dysfunction and disruption of the blood brain barrier. Finally, we outline the potential clinical utility of dietary interventions, exercise, and bariatric surgery in circumventing the impacts of obesity on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Jones Buie
- WISSDOM Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Luke S Watson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Crystal J Smith
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Yu Q, Xia Z, Liong EC, Tipoe GL. Chronic aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity and modulates Nrf2 and NF‑κB/IκBα pathways in the skeletal muscle of rats fed with a high fat diet. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4963-4972. [PMID: 31702809 PMCID: PMC6854540 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the ameliorative effects of chronic aerobic exercise on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rat skeletal muscle. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=6–9 per group) were divided into four groups: i) Rats fed with normal chow; ii) exercise rats fed with normal chow + exercise (run on a rotarod for 30 min per day from 9–12 weeks); iii) rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD); iv) rats fed with an HFD + exercise. All HFD rats were fed with an HFD consisting of 30% fat from fish oil throughout the study for 12 weeks. Exercise decreased the levels of hepatic lipogenic markers carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein, fat-specific protein 27 and liver X receptor and improved systemic glucose and insulin intolerance in the NASH animal model. The beneficial effects may have been mediated partly via the tripartite motif-containing family protein 72 (TRIM72)/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, accompanied with an upregulation of glucose transporter 4 in the skeletal muscle. The exercise regimen activated the master regulator of antioxidant enzymes, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, with upregulation of superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] expression and a corresponding decrease in kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 expression, but failed to decrease the levels of the oxidative marker malondialdehyde in the HFD rat skeletal muscle. Chronic exercise decreased the expression of the inflammation marker NF-κB, followed by a decrease in interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, as verified by a corresponding increase in the level of NF-κB inhibitor α expression. Exercise may exert its beneficial effects by improving muscle insulin sensitivity via the TRIM72/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, contributing to the improvement of systemic insulin intolerance, and finally leading to decreased hepatic lipogenesis during NASH. The attenuation of insulin resistance by exercise may be partly achieved through a decrease in the level of inflammation and an increased antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyun Xia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Emily Chiu Liong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - George Lim Tipoe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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Kim JS, Jeon J, An JJ, Yi HK. Interval running training improves age-related skeletal muscle wasting and bone loss: Experiments with ovariectomized rats. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:691-703. [PMID: 30843284 DOI: 10.1113/ep087458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect and mechanism of interval running training on age-related muscle wasting and bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model? What is the main finding and its importance? Interval running training improved muscle growth and osteogenic differentiation by enhancing the expression of bone morphogenic proteins and sirtuins in ageing-induced ovariectomized rats. Therefore, the repetition of low and high intensities within a single exercise bout, such as interval running training, may be recommended as a practical intervention to prevent skeletal muscle wasting and bone loss in the elderly. ABSTRACT Effective prophylactic strategies are needed for the suppression of age-related muscle wasting and bone loss after menopause. Exercise training is attractive due to its potential for improving energy metabolism, as well as age-related muscle wasting and bone loss. In particular, interval running (IR) training involves a repetition of low and high intensities within a single exercise bout. Therefore, this study elucidated the effect of interval training on muscle and bone health, as well as anti-ageing, in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The anti-ageing effect of IR on muscle and bone was tested using western blotting and micro-computed tomography analysis, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and immunohistochemical staining. IR significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory molecules, and improved antioxidant activity via down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the ageing-induced OVX rats skeletal muscle. IR compared with continuous running (CR) improved muscle mass and growth in OVX rats by the promotion of muscle growth-related factors including MyoD, myogenin, phospho-mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), sirtuins (SIRTs), and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs). IR also effectively recovered OVX-induced bone loss via the down-regulation of bone resorption and osteoclast formation in receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-treated bone marrowmacrophages (BMMs). In particular, IR led to high expression of SIRT1 and 6, which promoted osteogenic differentiation and bone formation via modulating the BMP signalling pathway compared with CR training. The in vivo effect of IR was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with the improvement of bone formation molecules such as BMPs and SIRTs. These results suggested that IR training affected myogenic and osteogenic formation. So, IR training may be considered for prevention of muscle wasting and bone loss for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Seok Kim
- College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjin-dong, Dukjin-ku, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jeon
- College of Education, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjin-dong, Dukjin-ku, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Jeong An
- College of Education, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjin-dong, Dukjin-ku, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Yi
- Schoolo of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjin-dong, Dukjin-ku, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Dysregulation of the Inflammatory Mediators in the Multifidus Muscle After Spontaneous Intervertebral Disc Degeneration SPARC-null Mice is Ameliorated by Physical Activity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018; 43:E1184-E1194. [PMID: 30273227 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A longitudinal case-control animal model. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory pathways active in the multifidus muscle after spontaneous intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), and whether these IDD-related muscle changes can be ameliorated by exercise. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA A pro-inflammatory response is present in the multifidus muscle after an intervertebral disc lesion and has been proposed to drive the structural alterations present during low back pain. However, it is not known whether spontaneous IDD produces an inflammatory response. Furthermore, exercise/physical activity produces a strong anti-inflammatory response, but its effectiveness in ameliorating inflammation in the multifidus is unknown. We assessed the inflammatory profile of the multifidus and the effectiveness of physical activity as a treatment using an animal model of spontaneous model of IDD. METHODS Wild-type and SPARC null mice that were sedentary or housed with a running wheel were used in this study. Multifidus muscle segments were harvested from L2-L6 from the mice at 9 months of age after they had undergone a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to determine levels with IDD. The inflammatory profile of the multifidus was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. RESULTS Spontaneous IDD in the SPARC-null mice caused a dysregulation of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL6, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ1), and adiponectin expression. More specifically, the proximity and degree of IDD was related to levels of IL-1β expression. Physical activity reduced the pro-inflammatory response to IDD in the multifidus. IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-10, adiponectin, and leptin levels were lower in the physically active group. CONCLUSION These results reveal that spontaneous IDD causes dysregulation of the inflammatory pathways active in the multifidus muscle. These alterations were related to the severity of IDD and were prevented by physical activity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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de Sousa Neto IV, Durigan JLQ, Guzzoni V, Tibana RA, Prestes J, de Araujo HSS, Marqueti RDC. Effects of Resistance Training on Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Skeletal Muscles and Blood Circulation During Aging. Front Physiol 2018; 9:190. [PMID: 29593554 PMCID: PMC5857587 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex, multifactorial process characterized by the accumulation of deleterious effects, including biochemical adaptations of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity in skeletal muscles and, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in the blood circulation of young and old rats. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7 per group): young sedentary (YS); young trained (YT), old sedentary (OS), and old trained (OT). The stair climbing RT consisted of one training session every 2 other day, with 8–12 dynamic movements per climb. The animals were euthanized 48 h after the end of the experimental period. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was measured by zymography. There was higher active MMP-2 activity in the lateral gastrocnemius and flexor digitorum profundus muscles in the OT group when compared to the OS, YS, and YT groups (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, there was higher active MMP-2 activity in the medial gastrocnemius muscle in the OT group when compared to the YS and YT groups (p ≤ 0.001). The YS group presented lower active MMP-2 activity in the soleus muscle than the YT, OS, OT groups (p ≤ 0.001). With respect to active MMP-2/9 activity in the bloodstream, the OT group displayed significantly reduced activity (p ≤ 0.001) when compared to YS and YT groups. In conclusion, RT up-regulates MMP-2 activity in aging muscles, while down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the blood circulation, suggesting that it may be a useful tool for the maintenance of ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo V de Sousa Neto
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - João L Q Durigan
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Guzzoni
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ramires A Tibana
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
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Rader EP, Naimo MA, Ensey J, Baker BA. High-intensity stretch-shortening contraction training modifies responsivity of skeletal muscle in old male rats. Exp Gerontol 2018; 104:118-126. [PMID: 29438735 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of high-intensity resistance training to counter age-related sarcopenia is currently debated because of the potential for maladaptation when training design is inappropriate. Training design is problematic because the influence of various loading variables (e.g. contraction mode, repetition number, and training frequency) is still not well characterized at old age. To address this in a precisely controlled manner, we developed a rodent model of high-intensity training consisting of maximally-activated stretch-shortening contractions (SSCs), contractions typical during resistance training. With this model, we determined that at old age, high-repetition SSC training (80 SSCs: 8 sets of 10 repetitions) performed frequently (i.e. 3 days per week) for 4.5 weeks induced strength deficits with no muscle mass gain while decreasing frequency to 2 days per week promoted increases in muscle mass and muscle quality (i.e. performance normalized to muscle mass). This finding confirmed the popular notion that decreasing training frequency has a robust effect with age. Meanwhile, the influence of other loading variables remains contentious. The aim of the present study was to assess muscle adaptation following modulation of contraction mode and repetition number during high-intensity SSC training. Muscles of young (3 month old) and old (30 month old) male rats were exposed to 4.5 weeks of low-repetition static training of 4 (i.e. 4 sets of one repetition) isometric (ISO) contractions 3 days per week or a more moderate-repetition dynamic training of 40 SSCs (i.e. 4 sets of 10 repetitions) 3 days per week. For young rats, performance and muscle mass increased regardless of training protocol. For old rats, no muscle mass adaptation was observed for 4 ISO training while 40 SSC training induced muscle mass gain without improvement in muscle quality, an outcome distinct from modulating training frequency. Muscle mass gain for old rats was accompanied by decreased protein levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, a mediator of age-related chronic inflammatory signaling, to young levels. These findings suggest that while dynamic high-intensity training with a moderate number of repetitions has a limited capacity for altering muscle quality, such training is a viable strategy for countering age-related inflammatory signaling and modifying muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P Rader
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
| | - Marshall A Naimo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States; West Virginia University School of Medicine, Division of Exercise Physiology, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - James Ensey
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Brent A Baker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
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Oh J, Sinha I, Tan KY, Rosner B, Dreyfuss JM, Gjata O, Tran P, Shoelson SE, Wagers AJ. Age-associated NF-κB signaling in myofibers alters the satellite cell niche and re-strains muscle stem cell function. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2871-2896. [PMID: 27852976 PMCID: PMC5191876 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly regenerative tissue, but muscle repair potential is increasingly compromised with advancing age. In this study, we demonstrate that increased NF-κB activity in aged muscle fibers contributes to diminished myogenic potential of their associated satellite cells. We further examine the impact of genetic modulation of NF-κB signaling in muscle satellite cells or myofibers on recovery after damage. These studies reveal that NF-κB activity in differentiated myofibers is sufficient to drive dysfunction of muscle regenerative cells via cell-non-autonomous mechanisms. Inhibition of NF-κB, or its downstream target Phospholipase A2, in myofibers rescued muscle regenerative potential in aged muscle. Moreover, systemic administration of sodium salicylate, an FDA-approved NF-κB inhibitor, decreased inflammatory gene expression and improved repair in aged muscle. Together, these studies identify a unique NF-κB regulated, non-cell autonomous mechanism by which stem cell function is linked to lipid signaling and homeostasis, and provide important new targets to stimulate muscle repair in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kah Yong Tan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Ornela Gjata
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Peter Tran
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven E Shoelson
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Li SW, Guo Y, He Y, Sun X, Zhao HJ, Wang Y, Wang YJ, Xing MW. Assessment of arsenic trioxide toxicity on cock muscular tissue: alterations of oxidative damage parameters, inflammatory cytokines and heat shock proteins. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1078-1088. [PMID: 28755286 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the toxicity of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the muscular tissues (wing, thigh and pectoral) of birds, 72 one-day-old Hy-line cocks were selected and randomly divided into four groups. They were fed either a commercial diet or an arsenic-supplemented diet containing 7.5, 15 or 30 mg/kg As2O3. The experiment lasted for 90 days and the samples of muscular tissues were collected at 30, 60 and 90 days. The results showed that As2O3 exposure significantly lowered the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) and inhibition ability of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin E synthase (PTGEs)) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in muscular tissue were significantly upregulated in the As2O3 exposure groups. The results indicated that As2O3 exposure resulted in oxidative damage, induced the inflammatory response, and influenced the mRNA levels of HSPs in muscular tissue of cocks. Additionally, the results suggested that HSPs possibly resisted due to the As2O3 exposure-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which provided a favorable environment and played protective roles in the muscular tissues of cocks. The information presented in this study is helpful to understand the mechanism of As2O3 toxicity in bird muscular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wen Li
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying He
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hong-Jing Zhao
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Ming-Wei Xing
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, China.
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12
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Acceleration-based training: A new mode of training in senescent rats improving performance and left ventricular and muscle functions. Exp Gerontol 2017; 95:71-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Lipina C, Hundal HS. Lipid modulation of skeletal muscle mass and function. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:190-201. [PMID: 27897400 PMCID: PMC5377414 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass is a characteristic feature of various pathologies including cancer, diabetes, and obesity, as well as being a general feature of ageing. However, the processes underlying its pathogenesis are not fully understood and may involve multiple factors. Importantly, there is growing evidence which supports a role for fatty acids and their derived lipid intermediates in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function. In this review, we discuss evidence pertaining to those pathways which are involved in the reduction, increase and/or preservation of skeletal muscle mass by such lipids under various pathological conditions, and highlight studies investigating how these processes may be influenced by dietary supplementation as well as genetic and/or pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lipina
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Harinder S Hundal
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
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14
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Nakazawa H, Chang K, Shinozaki S, Yasukawa T, Ishimaru K, Yasuhara S, Yu YM, Martyn JAJ, Tompkins RG, Shimokado K, Kaneki M. iNOS as a Driver of Inflammation and Apoptosis in Mouse Skeletal Muscle after Burn Injury: Possible Involvement of Sirt1 S-Nitrosylation-Mediated Acetylation of p65 NF-κB and p53. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170391. [PMID: 28099528 PMCID: PMC5242494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and apoptosis develop in skeletal muscle after major trauma, including burn injury, and play a pivotal role in insulin resistance and muscle wasting. We and others have shown that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a major mediator of inflammation, plays an important role in stress (e.g., burn)-induced insulin resistance. However, it remains to be determined how iNOS induces insulin resistance. Moreover, the interrelation between inflammatory response and apoptosis is poorly understood, although they often develop simultaneously. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB and p53 are key regulators of inflammation and apoptosis, respectively. Sirt1 inhibits p65 NF-κB and p53 by deacetylating these transcription factors. Recently, we have shown that iNOS induces S-nitrosylation of Sirt1, which inactivates Sirt1 and thereby increases acetylation and activity of p65 NF-κB and p53 in various cell types, including skeletal muscle cells. Here, we show that iNOS enhances burn-induced inflammatory response and apoptotic change in mouse skeletal muscle along with S-nitrosylation of Sirt1. Burn injury induced robust expression of iNOS in skeletal muscle and gene disruption of iNOS significantly inhibited burn-induced increases in inflammatory gene expression and apoptotic change. In parallel, burn increased Sirt1 S-nitrosylation and acetylation and DNA-binding capacity of p65 NF-κB and p53, all of which were reversed or ameliorated by iNOS deficiency. These results indicate that iNOS functions not only as a downstream effector but also as an upstream enhancer of burn-induced inflammatory response, at least in part, by Sirt1 S-nitrosylation-dependent activation (acetylation) of p65 NF-κB. Our data suggest that Sirt1 S-nitrosylation may play a role in iNOS-mediated enhanced inflammatory response and apoptotic change, which, in turn, contribute to muscle wasting and supposedly to insulin resistance after burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumasa Nakazawa
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kyungho Chang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shohei Shinozaki
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yasukawa
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kazuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shingo Yasuhara
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yong-Ming Yu
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - J. A. Jeevendra Martyn
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ronald. G. Tompkins
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kentaro Shimokado
- Department of Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Kaneki
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Kim JS, Lee YH, Yi HK. Gradual downhill running improves age-related skeletal muscle and bone weakness: implication of autophagy and bone morphogenetic proteins. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:1528-1540. [PMID: 27641238 DOI: 10.1113/ep085852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Exercise training by running has an effect on age-related muscle and bone wasting that improves physical activity and quality of life in the elderly. However, the effect of downhill running on age-related muscle and bone wasting, and its mechanisms, are unclear. What is the main finding and its importance? Gradual downhill running can improve skeletal muscle growth and bone formation by enhancing autophagy and bone morphogenetic protein signalling in aged rats. Therefore, downhill running exercise might be a practical intervention to improve skeletal muscle and bone protection in the elderly. Recent evidence suggests that autophagy and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway regulate skeletal muscle growth and bone formation in aged rats. However, the effect of downhill running on muscle growth and bone formation is not well understood. Thus, we investigated the effect of downhill and uphill running on age-related muscle and bone weakness. Young and late middle-aged rats were randomly assigned to control groups (young, YC; and late middle-aged, LMC) and two types of running training groups (late middle-aged downhill, LMD; and late middle-aged uphill, LMU). Training was progressively carried out on a treadmill at a speed of 21 m min-1 with a slope of +10 deg for uphill training versus 16 m min-1 with a slope of -16 deg for downhill training, both for 60 min day-1 , 5 days week-1 for 8 weeks. Downhill and uphill training increased autophagy-related protein 5, microtubule-associated protein light chain, Beclin-1 and p62 proteins in aged rats. In addition, superoxide dismutase, haem oxygenase-1 and the BMP signalling pathway were elevated. Phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin and myogenic differentiation were increased significantly in the LMD and LMU groups. Consequently, in the femur, BMP-2, BMP-7 and autophagy molecules were highly expressed in the LMD and LMU groups. These results suggest that both downhill and uphill training appear to have a positive effect on expression of autophagy molecules and BMPs. In particular, these physiological adaptations from gradual downhill exercise have an effect on bone morphological changes and muscle quality similar to gradual uphill training interventions in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Seok Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Yi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Aging-related 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurochemial and behavioral deficits and redox dysfunction: improvement by AK-7. Exp Gerontol 2016; 82:19-29. [PMID: 27235848 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a prominent risk factor for the occurrence and progression of Parkinson disease (PD). Aging animals are more significant for PD research than young ones. It is promising to develop effective treatments for PD through modulation of aging-related molecules. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a strong deacetylase highly expressed in the brain, has been implicated in the aging process. In our present study, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 12mg/kg once daily) was observed to bring about significant behavioral deficits and striatal dopamine depletion in aging male and female mice, while it did not do so in young animals. MPTP did not cause significant reduction in striatal 5-hydroxytryptamine content in aging male and female mice. Furthermore, we observed that MPTP treatment resulted in significant reduction in GSH content and significant increase in MDA content and SIRT2 expression in the substantia nigra (SN) of aging mice, while it did not do so in young animals. Importantly, we observed that AK-7 (a selective SIRT2 inhibitor) significantly improved behavior abnormality and neurochemical deficits in aging male and female mice treated with MPTP. Significant increase in GSH content and significant decrease in MDA content were also observed in the SN of aging male and female mice co-treated with MPTP and AK-7 compared with the MPTP-treated animals. Our results indicated that MPTP induce aging-related neurochemical and behavioural deficits and dysfunction of redox network in male and female mice and AK-7 may be neuroprotective in PD through modulating redox network.
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