1
|
López del Hoyo Y, Elices M, Garcia-Campayo J. Mental health in the virtual world: Challenges and opportunities in the metaverse era. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:2939-2945. [PMID: 38898837 PMCID: PMC11185398 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i17.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Current rates of mental illness are worrisome. Mental illness mainly affects females and younger age groups. The use of the internet to deliver mental health care has been growing since 2020 and includes the implementation of novel mental health treatments using virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence. A new three dimensional digital environment, known as the metaverse, has emerged as the next version of the Internet. Artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and virtual reality will create fully immersive, experiential, and interactive online environments in the metaverse. People will use a unique avatar to do anything they do in their "real" lives, including seeking and receiving mental health care. In this opinion review, we reflect on how the metaverse could reshape how we deliver mental health treatment, its opportunities, and its challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matilde Elices
- Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Javier Garcia-Campayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Miguel Servet Hospital, Aragon Institute for Health Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Van Doren N, Ng H, Rawat E, McKenna KR, Blonigen DM. Virtual reality mindfulness training for veterans in residential substance use treatment: Pilot study of feasibility and acceptability. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 161:209315. [PMID: 38378078 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2024.209315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness training is effective in recovery from substance use disorders; however, adoption can be difficult due to environmental and personal distractions. Virtual reality (VR) may help overcome these challenges by providing an immersive environment for practicing mindfulness, but there is currently limited knowledge regarding patient and provider perceptions of VR-based tools. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of VR mindfulness training for veterans in residential substance use treatment as well as potential benefits of VR mindfulness interventions in this population. We conducted a pilot feasibility/acceptability study as a first step toward conducting a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS The study recruited participants (N = 32) from a 30-day residential substance use program and collected both qualitative and quantitative feedback on the VR mindfulness intervention using a mixed-methods approach. Patients (n = 20) and providers (n = 12) rated the acceptability, usability, and satisfaction of the intervention. Using a within-subjects design, patients provided pre-post emotion ratings and reported on state mindfulness and VR presence after completing a single-session self-guided VR mindfulness intervention. Patients provided qualitative interview data on their overall impressions, while providers gave the same information via survey. RESULTS Both patients and providers reported high satisfaction and confidence in the intervention. Moreover, within subjects t-tests showed that patients experienced significant reductions in negative affect and significant increases in positive affect from pre-post, along with high levels of state mindfulness and presence. Results of thematic analysis revealed that the intervention facilitated focused attention on the present moment, induced a state of calm and relaxation, and reduced negative thoughts and emotions. Participants requested improvements such as better integration of audiovisual elements, a more personalized and longer intervention, and more comfortable fitting headset. Finally, the intervention presented with several advantages compared to other mindfulness experiences including reduced distractions and a sense of safety and privacy. CONCLUSIONS Self-guided VR mindfulness intervention is feasible and acceptable to patients and providers. VR mindfulness training provides an immersive experience that uplifts mood and reduces distractions. VR may provide a scaffolding tool to set the stage for deepening mindfulness skills. Results of the present study could inform further development and tailoring for future interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Van Doren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Helen Ng
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Eshaan Rawat
- Department of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Kevin R McKenna
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel M Blonigen
- Center for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo X, Zhang A, Li H, Li Y, Ying F, Wang X, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Huang G. The role of arts therapies in mitigating Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1386529. [PMID: 38818021 PMCID: PMC11137235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1386529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Arts therapies offer effective non-pharmacological intervention for Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (SIMDs), encompassing both passive and active modalities. This review assesses their effectiveness and ethical considerations, focusing on music therapy, meditation, and Tai Chi. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a detailed search across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI identified 17 relevant RCTs. Utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality criteria and the PICO(S) framework for data extraction ensured methodological integrity. Results Analysis shows arts therapies significantly improve sleep quality. Music therapy and meditation yield immediate benefits, while Tai Chi and Qigong require longer commitment for significant outcomes. Discussion The link between SIMDs and mental health issues like anxiety, stress, and depression suggests arts therapies not only enhance sleep quality but also address underlying mental health conditions. The evidence supports a wider adoption of arts therapies in treating SIMDs due to their dual benefits. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, ID: CRD42024506393.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuexing Luo
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Aijia Zhang
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hong Li
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Fangtian Ying
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Operation Management Centre, Guangzhou Wanqu Cooperative Institute of Design, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Qinghai Province Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascdular Disease Specialist Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qianxu Yang
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guanghui Huang
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lillo-Navarro C, Fernández-Pires P, Benavides Gil G, Martínez-Zaragoza F, Chaves C, Roca P, Peral-Gómez P, González Valero ME, Mendialdua Canales D, Poveda Alfaro JL, Goldin PR, Sánchez-Pérez A. Effects of a mindfulness-based program on the occupational balance and mental health of university students. Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302018. [PMID: 38696406 PMCID: PMC11065289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to examine whether the addition of Virtual Reality (VR) meditation training to a standard 8-week Mindfulness-Based Health Care Program (MBHC-VR) results in a significantly increased improvement in occupational, mental health, and psychological functioning versus MBHC-only in university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial with three arms (MBHC, MBHC-VR, Control Group), four assessment time points (pre-intervention, inter-session, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up), and mixed methodology will be proposed. University students (undergraduate, master, or doctoral) interested in participating and who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria will be included over two years. Data will be collected from different ad hoc questionnaires, several standardized tests, and an Ecological Momentary Assessment. We will use R software to carry out descriptive analyses (univariate and bivariate), multilevel modeling, and structural equation models to respond to the proposed objective. The qualitative analysis will be carried out using the MAXQDA program and the technique of focus groups. DISCUSSION It is expected that with the proposed intervention university students will learn to relate in a healthier way with their mental processes, so as to improve their occupational balance (OB) and their psychological well-being. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05929430.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lillo-Navarro
- Centre for Translational Research in Physiotherapy (CEIT), Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández-Pires
- B+D+b Occupational Research Group, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Health and Biomedical Research Institute (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Gemma Benavides Gil
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Fermín Martínez-Zaragoza
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Covadonga Chaves
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Roca
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Villanueva, Madrid, Spain
- Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Peral-Gómez
- B+D+b Occupational Research Group, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Health and Biomedical Research Institute (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - María Elena González Valero
- B+D+b Occupational Research Group, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Philippe R. Goldin
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Pérez
- B+D+b Occupational Research Group, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Health and Biomedical Research Institute (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin M, Li K, Xu Z, Jiao R, Yang W. Exploring the impact of autumn color and bare tree landscapes in virtual environments on human well-being and therapeutic effects across different sensory modalities. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301422. [PMID: 38635838 PMCID: PMC11025894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the potential health benefits of the natural environment for human well-being. Given the fast-paced nature of contemporary lifestyles, research into the use of virtual environments as a means to provide various seasonal landscapes has gained increasing importance. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of different sensory modes on the preferences and therapeutic effects of virtual autumn landscapes on university campuses. METHODS In this study, 320 participants, with an average age of 21.11 years (±1.21 years), were exposed to virtual environments featuring autumn color landscapes and bare tree landscapes using visual, auditory, and combined conditions. A control group was included for comparison. Differences in participants' physiological indicators (EEG, heart rate) and psychological measures (POMS, PANAS, SVS, ROS) were analyzed, with the use of the Holm correction (P < 0.05). RESULTS (1) Autumn virtual landscapes with color had a superior therapeutic effect. (2) There were significant differences in the therapeutic effects of different sensory modes within the same season's landscape categories, suggesting that incorporating additional sensory dimensions may enhance therapeutic outcomes. CONCLUSION Based on the study's findings, we recommend that when designing therapeutic environments, attention should be given to seasonal variations and the integration of various sensory modes to optimize therapeutic results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglei Yin
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
| | - Kankan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhiman Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao D, Su Y, Zhang X, Li H, Luo H. The application of virtual reality meditation and mind-body exercises among older adults. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1303880. [PMID: 38566950 PMCID: PMC10985321 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1303880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR)-based mindfulness is a promising method to improve the health of older adults. Therefore, many attempts have been made to explore the application of VR-based mindfulness, such as VR meditation and mind-body exercises, in older adults. Generally, current studies indicate the heavy reliance on apparatus for implementing VR-based mindfulness interventions. In VR meditation, the crucial apparatus is VR headsets. In VR mind-body exercises, three essential components are required: motion capture sensors, main consoles, and display screens. In the aspect of health promotion, VR meditation is an effective method for improving mental health, pain, and quality of life in older adults. VR mind-body exercises contribute to increasing the mental health and physical function of older adults. Furthermore, VR mind-body exercises may be combined with other forms of exercise as a mixed method to promote the health of older adults. VR-based mindfulness interventions enhance the meditation and mind-body exercises experience for older adults while improving accessibility. However, their implementation still encounters a series of challenges, such as cost, technical anxiety, and apparatus-related issues. Additionally, we recommend future research to examine the optimal exercise dose for VR mind-body exercises to maximize their health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqin Su
- Institute of Sports Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Hansen Li
- Institute of Sports Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongcheng Luo
- School of Physical Education, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mao W, Chen W, Wang Y. Effect of virtual reality-based mindfulness training model on anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:1135-1148. [PMID: 37781832 PMCID: PMC11002720 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prognosis of ovarian cancer can be significantly improved through standardized surgery and chemotherapy, 70% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients would suffer from drug resistance and recurrence during the long chemotherapy cycle. OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of a training mode based on the integration of virtual reality technology and mindfulness on anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy. METHOD Through virtual reality technology, a mindfulness training software was designed and developed, and a mindfulness training mode based on virtual reality technology was constructed. Using a self-controlled design, 48 ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Beijing from August 2022 to May 2023 were conveniently selected as the research subjects. The patients were subjected to four weeks of mindfulness training based on virtual reality technology, and the acceptance of the mindfulness training mode using virtual reality technology was evaluated. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Cancer Related Fatigue Scale (CRF) were used to evaluate the anxiety, depression, and fatigue of patients before and after intervention. RESULTS The virtual reality based mindfulness training mode includes four functional modules: personalized curriculum, intelligent monitoring, emotion tracking, and Funny Games. 48 patients had a high acceptance score (139.21 ± 10.47), and after using mindfulness training mode based on virtual reality technology, anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy were significantly reduced, with a statistically significant difference (p< 0.001). CONCLUSION Ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy have a high acceptance of virtual reality based mindfulness training mode. The application of this mode can reduce the psychological problems of anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy, and is worth promoting and using.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Mao
- Department of Gynaecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenduo Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rice VJB, Schroeder P, Allison SC. Effects of mindfulness meditation training offered in-person and via a virtual world on self-compassion: A study with U.S. military active duty and veterans. Work 2024; 78:1225-1245. [PMID: 39121152 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based, in-person programs are effective at reducing stress and enhancing resilience in military and civilian samples, yet few studies have examined or compared training offered via real-time, interactive social media. Such a program would have a wider-reach and could include those unable to attend in-person. There is also interest in resolving ambiguity about the effects of mindfulness training on individual difference variables, such as self-compassion. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to compare pre/post self-compassion for three interventions; Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction delivered in-person (IP), mindfulness meditation training delivered via a Virtual World (VW), and a wait-list Control Group (CG) among active duty and veteran U.S. military. METHODS A 2 (pre/post)×3 (group) factorial design was conducted with 250 active duty and veteran U.S. Military service members, with self-compassion measures as dependent variables. RESULTS Self Compassion improved 10% for the IP group and 14% for the VW group, while the CG group did not improve. Combined treatment groups yielded a 10.3% improvement in self-compassion compared with no change in the CG and with a group×time interaction effect (p < 0.01). Participants with lower initial self-compassion experienced greater benefits than those with higher baseline self-compassion (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION IP and VW Mindfulness Meditation training were equally effective in increasing self-compassion. Adding effective on-line mindfulness delivery will promote self-compassion among a more extensive audience, likely yielding improved coping, confidence, connectedness, cheerfulness, steadiness, and self-satisfaction, while lessening anxiety, fear-of-failure, and stress among participants.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ponomarev R, Sklyar S, Krasilnikova V, Savina T. Digital Cognitive Training for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2023; 52:2303-2319. [PMID: 37544957 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-023-10003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The present article used a pilot study to determine the effectiveness of digital cognitive mindfulness training developed based on dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) in reducing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children. The sample consisted of 90 children (8-10 years old) diagnosed with ADHD. The participants were randomized into two groups: an experimental group (n = 45) and a control group (n = 45). Results were assessed at three time points: before, after the study, and one month after the end of the study. Regarding ADHD symptoms, the ANCOVA results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the study groups for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity after testing. One month after completion of the program, there was a significant alleviation in symptoms of inattention, executive functioning, learning problems, aggression, and peer relationships. Hyperactivity was the only variable that showed a decrease both post-test and during follow-up. These results suggest that a DBT-based mindfulness program is a promising method of reducing ADHD symptoms in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Ponomarev
- Department of Special Pedagogy, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Sergey Sklyar
- General and Applied Psychology Department, Faculty of Philosophy and Political Science, Al-Farabi KazNU, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Varvara Krasilnikova
- Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tamara Savina
- Department of Polyclinic Therapy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miller I, Peake E, Strauss G, Vierra E, Koepsell X, Shalchi B, Padmanabhan A, Lake J. Self-Guided Digital Intervention for Depression in Adolescents: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e43260. [PMID: 37991839 DOI: 10.2196/43260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in adolescents is a large and growing problem; however, access to effective mental health care continues to be a challenge. Digitally based interventions may serve to bridge this access gap for adolescents in need of care. Digital interventions that deliver components of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have been shown to reduce symptoms of depression, and virtual reality (VR) may be a promising adjunctive component. However, research on these types of treatments in adolescents and young adults is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Spark (v1.0), a 5-week, self-guided, CBT-based digital program using a mobile app and VR experiences to target symptoms of depression in adolescents. METHODS A single-arm, open-label study of the Spark program was conducted with a community sample of 30 adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 21 years with self-reported moderate to severe depression symptoms. Participants completed a weekly depression assessment (Patient Health Questionnaire-8) in the app during the 5-week intervention period as well as web-based baseline, postintervention, and 1-month follow-up self-report assessments. The participants also completed a qualitative postintervention interview. For participants aged <18 years, caregivers completed assessments at baseline and postintervention time points. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment rate (the proportion of participants who enrolled in the study divided by the total number of participants screened for eligibility) and retention rate (the proportion of participants who completed postintervention assessments divided by the total number of participants who received the intervention). Acceptability outcomes included engagement with the program and quantitative and qualitative feedback about the program. Preliminary efficacy was evaluated based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-8. RESULTS The study recruitment (31/66, 47%) and retention (29/30, 97%) rates were high. Participants provided higher ratings for the ease of use of the Spark program (8.76 out of 10) and their enjoyment of both the mobile app (7.00 out of 10) and VR components (7.48 out of 10) of the program, whereas they provided lower ratings for the program's ability to improve mood (4.38 out of 10) or fit into their daily routines (5.69 out of 10). We observed a clinically and statistically significant reduction in depression scores at postintervention (mean difference 5.36; P<.001) and 1-month follow-up (mean difference 6.44; P<.001) time points. CONCLUSIONS The Spark program was found to be a feasible and acceptable way to deliver a self-guided CBT-focused intervention to adolescents and young adults with symptoms of depression. Preliminary data also indicated that the Spark program reduced the symptoms of depression in adolescents and young adults. Future studies should evaluate the efficacy of this intervention in an adequately powered randomized controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04165681; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04165681.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Miller
- Limbix Health, Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Emily Peake
- Limbix Health, Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Big Health Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Elise Vierra
- Limbix Health, Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Big Health Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Xin Koepsell
- Limbix Health, Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Aarthi Padmanabhan
- Limbix Health, Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Big Health Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Lake
- Limbix Health, Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Big Health Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Poetar CR, Bradley N, Voinescu A. Immersive virtual reality or computerised mindfulness meditation for improving mood? Preliminary efficacy from a pilot randomised trial. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1157469. [PMID: 37954176 PMCID: PMC10634527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1157469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mindfulness interventions are effective in improving mood, reducing stress, and increasing quality of life. New developments in technology bring important channels to deliver mindfulness interventions that can increase accessibility, such as the Internet, computerised interventions, mobile apps and recently, virtual reality (VR). The aim of the present study is to enhance our current understanding of the use of VR in mindfulness, namely we examined in a pilot randomised trial the efficacy of an immersive VR-based mindfulness approach compared to an active control (computerised-based mindfulness meditation) on improving mood. A secondary objective was to examine whether VR use resulted in simulator sickness which could affect user engagement. Methods Forty-seven (Mage = 29.22 years) healthy participants were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Results A mixed 2X3 ANOVA showed a significant Time effect. Namely, negative emotions were reduced in both groups, with non-significant differences between groups. For positive emotions, on the other hand, our results showed no significant impact. Simulator sickness in VR was not present, according to t-test, making VR a safe delivery method. Discussion Future research should investigate VR dosage and combine VR with other interventions (e.g., blended with face-to-face mindfulness interventions, with Internet-delivered interventions).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costina-Ruxandra Poetar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nathan Bradley
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Clemmensen L, Jørgensen G, Gundersen KB, Smith LC, Midtgaard J, Bouchard S, Thomsen CP, Turgut L, Glenthoj LB. Study protocol for virtual leisure investigating the effect of virtual reality-delivered stress reduction, entertainment and distraction on the use of coercion and need-based medication and patient satisfaction at a closed psychiatric intensive care unit - a mixed-methods pilot clinical trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070566. [PMID: 37739476 PMCID: PMC10533807 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The environment at a psychiatric inpatient ward can lead to emotional distress and behavioural deviations in vulnerable individuals potentially resulting in conflicts, increased use of need-based medication and coercive actions, along with low satisfaction with treatment. To accommodate these challenges, recreational and entertaining interventions are recommended. The tested interventions have, however, shown varying effects and demand a high degree of planning and staff involvement while being difficult to adapt to individual needs. Virtual reality (VR) may help overcome these challenges. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study is a mixed-methods clinical trial with a target sample of 124 patients hospitalised at a closed psychiatric ward in the capital region of Denmark. Outcomes (eg, coercion, need-based medication and perceived stress) for a 12-month period where all patients are offered VR-based recreational experiences during their hospitalisation will be compared with outcomes for a 12-month period where VR is not offered. Feasibility and acceptability will be explored with qualitative interviews supplemented with non-participant observations and focus groups. The study began on 1 January 2023, and we expect to complete data collection by 31 December 2024. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is registered at Danish Data Protection Agency (j.no P-2022-466) and is approved by the Committee on Health Research Ethics of the capital region of Denmark (j.no 22013313). All patients will be required to provide informed consent. Results from this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and congress/consortium presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05654740.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Clemmensen
- VIRTU Research Group, Copenhagen Research Centre of Mental Health (CORE), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Gry Jørgensen
- VIRTU Research Group, Copenhagen Research Centre of Mental Health (CORE), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Kristina Ballestad Gundersen
- VIRTU Research Group, Copenhagen Research Centre of Mental Health (CORE), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lisa Charlotte Smith
- VIRTU Research Group, Copenhagen Research Centre of Mental Health (CORE), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Julie Midtgaard
- Centre for applied research in mental health care (CARMEN), Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Louise Birkedal Glenthoj
- VIRTU Research Group, Copenhagen Research Centre of Mental Health (CORE), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Restout J, Bernache-Assollant I, Morizio C, Boujut A, Angelini L, Tchalla A, Perrochon A. Fully Immersive Virtual Reality Using 360° Videos to Manage Well-Being in Older Adults: A Scoping Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:564-572. [PMID: 36758621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of negative behavioral and psychosocial factors (depression, anxiety, apathy, etc) is associated with poor well-being, which can contribute to health issues in ageing, especially in the context of COVID-19. Despite its relative novelty, fully immersive virtual reality (VR) interventions through 360° immersive videos are becoming more accessible and flexible and constitute an emerging method to potentially enhance well-being. The aim of this scoping review is to assess the effectiveness of 360° interventions on well-being in older adults with or without cognitive impairment, as well as cybersickness and attitudes toward this technology. DESIGN Scoping review. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Older adults with or without cognitive impairment. METHODS The PRISMA-SR guideline was followed. Four databases were used, and we selected articles published until April 2022. We have analyzed the effect of 360° videos on the well-being of older adults with respect to the study design, the population, the contents, the duration of intervention, and the outcomes. RESULTS A total of 2262 articles were screened, of which 10 articles were finally included in this review. Most of them are pilot studies and used mixed methods including scales and interviews. The material and content of VR are diversified. Many behavioral and psychological outcomes were assessed, including anxiety, apathy, loneliness, depression, social engagement, quality of life, and emotions. The results were positive or mixed, according to the outcomes. We recorded few adverse events, and the interviews show contrasting results concerning the participants' feelings (ie, degree of immersion, familiarity with technology, and VR content). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The use of VR 360° videos seems feasible in community-dwelling older adults or residential aged care facilities, as they are safe and provide enjoyment. It constitutes an emerging and promising therapeutic tool to manage psychosocial disorders. This review provides key considerations for the design and implementation of interventions using VR 360° video in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Restout
- Université de Limoges, HAVAE, UR20217, Limoges, France
| | | | - C Morizio
- Université de Limoges, HAVAE, UR20217, Limoges, France
| | - A Boujut
- Université de Limoges, HAVAE, UR20217, Limoges, France; 3iL Groupe, Limoges, France
| | - L Angelini
- School of Management Fribourg, HES-SO, Fribourg, Switzerland; Humantech Institute, HES-SO, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - A Tchalla
- CHU de Limoges, Pôle HU gérontologie clinique, Limoges, France; Laboratoire VieSanté, UR 24134 (Vieillissement, Fragilité, Prévention, e-Santé), IFR OMEGA HEALTH, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - A Perrochon
- Université de Limoges, HAVAE, UR20217, Limoges, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vicario CM, Martino G. Psychology and technology: how Virtual Reality can boost psychotherapy and neurorehabilitation. AIMS Neurosci 2022; 9:454-459. [PMID: 36660073 PMCID: PMC9826745 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2022025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Vicario
- COSPECS Department, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy,* Correspondence:
| | - G. Martino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy,* Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Dai J, Dewancker BJ, Gao W, Liu Z, Zhou Y. Impact of Situational Environmental Education on Tourist Behavior-A Case Study of Water Culture Ecological Park in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11388. [PMID: 36141660 PMCID: PMC9517645 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing number of travelling people, the behavior of tourists is having an increasing impact on the environment. Situational environmental education will influence the tourists' responsible environmental behavior, which positively or negatively affects the environment. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of situational environmental education on tourists' responsible environmental behavior through a field study of Changchun Water Culture Ecological Park, combined with a survey and Zaltman metaphor elicitation technique (ZMET) interview method. There are 527 questionnaires, 89 pre-questionnaires, and 15 interview records collected. The results showed that: (1) All interviewees were impressed with the situational environmental education in the park. It can be concluded that the situational environmental education is easily accepted. The reason may be that, among the theme park users, 42.69% were aged 21-30 year's old, and 62.8% of the population have a college degree or above. (2) The standardized path coefficient of situational environmental education in tourist destinations for tourists' behavioral intention is 0.74, and the standardized path coefficient for responsible environmental behavior is 0.78, which is much higher than the standard value of 0.4. Therefore, situational environmental education has positive influences on the tourists' behavioral intention and responsible environmental behavior. (3) The sensitive analysis the tourists' behavioral intention has a positive relationship with attitudes toward environmental behaviors (0.66), subjective norm (0.53), and perceptual behavior control (0.52). The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the planning and design of urban parks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Jialu Dai
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Bart Julien Dewancker
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Weijun Gao
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Zaiqiang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Systems, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Yue Zhou
- Faculty of Environmental Systems, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| |
Collapse
|