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Mahmud A, Avramescu RG, Niu Z, Flores C. Awakening the dormant: Role of axonal guidance cues in stress-induced reorganization of the adult prefrontal cortex leading to depression-like behavior. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1113023. [PMID: 37035502 PMCID: PMC10079902 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1113023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic and disabling disorder affecting roughly 280 million people worldwide. While multiple brain areas have been implicated, dysfunction of prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuitry has been consistently documented in MDD, as well as in animal models for stress-induced depression-like behavioral states. During brain development, axonal guidance cues organize neuronal wiring by directing axonal pathfinding and arborization, dendritic growth, and synapse formation. Guidance cue systems continue to be expressed in the adult brain and are emerging as important mediators of synaptic plasticity and fine-tuning of mature neural networks. Dysregulation or interference of guidance cues has been linked to depression-like behavioral abnormalities in rodents and MDD in humans. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of guidance cues in stress-induced changes in adult prefrontal cortex circuitry and in precipitating depression-like behaviors. We discuss how modulating axonal guidance cue systems could be a novel approach for precision medicine and the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Mahmud
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Zhipeng Niu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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2
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Impact of stress on inhibitory neuronal circuits, our tribute to Bruce McEwen. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 19:100460. [PMID: 35734023 PMCID: PMC9207718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Bruce S. McEwen, to commemorate the impact he had on how we understand stress and neuronal plasticity, and the profound influence he exerted on our scientific careers. The focus of this review is the impact of stressors on inhibitory circuits, particularly those of the limbic system, but we also consider other regions affected by these adverse experiences. We revise the effects of acute and chronic stress during different stages of development and lifespan, taking into account the influence of the sex of the animals. We review first the influence of stress on the physiology of inhibitory neurons and on the expression of molecules related directly to GABAergic neurotransmission, and then focus on specific interneuron subpopulations, particularly on parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing cells. Then we analyze the effects of stress on molecules and structures related to the plasticity of inhibitory neurons: the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule and perineuronal nets. Finally, we review the potential of antidepressants or environmental manipulations to revert the effects of stress on inhibitory circuits.
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3
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Silva-Cardoso GK, Nobre MJ. Context-Specific Tolerance and Pharmacological Changes in the Infralimbic Cortex-Nucleus Accumbens Shell Pathway Evoked by Ketamine. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1686-1700. [PMID: 33786719 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Like other drugs, ketamine is abused due to its ability to act as a positive reinforcer in the control of behavior, just as natural reinforcers do. Besides, through Pavlovian conditioning, tolerance to drug effects can become conditioned to specific contextual cues showing that environmental stimuli can act as powerful mediators of craving and relapse. In the present study, we shall investigate the effects of long-term ketamine administration and withdrawal on behavioral measures and emotionality, the drug-context-specific influence on the tolerance to the sedative effects of an anesthetic dose of ketamine, and the neuropharmacological events underlying this phenomenon, in rats conditioned with 10 mg/kg of ketamine and later challenged with a dose of ketamine of 80 mg/kg in a familiar and non-familiar environment. Variations in dopamine and serotonin efflux in the infralimbic cortex-nucleus accumbens shell circuitry (IL-NAcSh) was further recorded in the same conditions. Our results highlight that besides its well-known reinforcing properties, ketamine also shares the ability to induce behavioral and pharmacological conditioned tolerance, associated with increases in cortical (IL), and decreases in striatal (NAcSh) dopamine release. To our knowledge, we are presenting the first set of behavioral and neurochemical data showing that, like other drugs of abuse, ketamine can induce learned context-specific tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice Kelli Silva-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brasil
| | - Manoel Jorge Nobre
- Departamento de Psicologia, Uni-FACEF, Franca, SP, 14401-135, Brasil.
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brasil.
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4
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Coviello S, Benedetti B, Jakubecova D, Belles M, Klimczak P, Gramuntell Y, Couillard-Despres S, Nacher J. PSA Depletion Induces the Differentiation of Immature Neurons in the Piriform Cortex of Adult Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5733. [PMID: 34072166 PMCID: PMC8198564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature neurons are maintained in cortical regions of the adult mammalian brain. In rodents, many of these immature neurons can be identified in the piriform cortex based on their high expression of early neuronal markers, such as doublecortin (DCX) and the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM). This molecule plays critical roles in different neurodevelopmental events. Taking advantage of a DCX-CreERT2/Flox-EGFP reporter mice, we investigated the impact of targeted PSA enzymatic depletion in the piriform cortex on the fate of immature neurons. We report here that the removal of PSA accelerated the final development of immature neurons. This was revealed by a higher frequency of NeuN expression, an increase in the number of cells carrying an axon initial segment (AIS), and an increase in the number of dendrites and dendritic spines on the immature neurons. Taken together, our results demonstrated the crucial role of the PSA moiety in the protracted development of immature neurons residing outside of the neurogenic niches. More studies will be required to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting PSA-NCAM expression to understand how the brain regulates the incorporation of these immature neurons to the established neuronal circuits of the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Coviello
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.C.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Bruno Benedetti
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.B.); (D.J.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominika Jakubecova
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.B.); (D.J.)
| | - Maria Belles
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.C.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Patrycja Klimczak
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.C.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yaiza Gramuntell
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.C.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.B.); (D.J.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.C.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (Y.G.)
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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5
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Zou C, Huang X, Lan X, Huang X, Feng Y, Huang J, Meng L, Jian C, Zou D, Wang J, Li X. Potential Genes and Mechanisms Linking Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Depression: A Bioinformatics-Based Study. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1213-1226. [PMID: 33854363 PMCID: PMC8039224 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s302916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential pathogenic mechanisms of post-intracerebral hemorrhage depression. Methods Profiles of gene expression in brain tissue of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or depression were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for the two diseases separately. With these DEGs, we conducted an enrichment analysis based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) as well as cross-talk analysis, then we identified hub bridge genes using integrated bridge landscape analysis. Results We found 131 DEGs for interaction between ICH and depression. In the enrichment analysis, we found 55 GO terms and KEGG pathways involving interacting genes of ICH and depression, and 10 GO terms and 10 KEGG pathways most significantly related to cross-talk between ICH and depression. In the integrated bridge landscape analysis, we identified 20 hub bridge genes. In further analysis, we found that hub bridge genes HLA-A, HMOX1, and JUN related to endocytosis, cell adhesion, and phagosomes may exert their effects through the dopamine (DA) system and the serotonergic pathway post-ICH depression. HLA-A may play a role in the occurrence and development of ICH and depression through immune mediation and cell adhesion. HMOX1 and JUN may participate in the mechanism by interacting with HLA-A. Conclusion Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified potential hub bridge genes and pathways related to post-ICH depression. Our study provides references for further research on mechanisms on the pathogenesis of post-ICH depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuequn Lan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanqing Meng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongdong Jian
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghua Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China
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6
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Coviello S, Gramuntell Y, Castillo-Gomez E, Nacher J. Effects of Dopamine on the Immature Neurons of the Adult Rat Piriform Cortex. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:574234. [PMID: 33122993 PMCID: PMC7573248 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.574234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The layer II of the adult piriform cortex (PCX) contains a numerous population of immature neurons. Interestingly, in both mice and rats, most, if not all, these cells have an embryonic origin. Moreover, recent studies from our laboratory have shown that they progressively mature into typical excitatory neurons of the PCX layer II. Therefore, the adult PCX is considered a “non-canonical” neurogenic niche. These immature neurons express the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a molecule critical for different neurodevelopmental processes. Dopamine (DA) is a relevant neurotransmitter in the adult CNS, which also plays important roles in neural development and adult plasticity, including the regulation of PSA-NCAM expression. In order to evaluate the hypothetical effects of pharmacological modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission on the differentiation of immature neurons of the adult PCX, we studied dopamine D2 receptor (D2r) expression in this region and the relationship between dopaminergic fibers and immature neurons (defined by PSA-NCAM expression). In addition, we analyzed the density of immature neurons after chronic treatments with an antagonist and an agonist of D2r: haloperidol and PPHT, respectively. Many dopaminergic fibers were observed in close apposition to PSA-NCAM-expressing neurons, which also coexpressed D2r. Chronic treatment with haloperidol significantly increased the number of PSA-NCAM immunoreactive cells, while PPHT treatment decreased it. These results indicate a prominent role of dopamine, through D2r and PSA-NCAM, on the regulation of the final steps of development of immature neurons in the adult PCX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Coviello
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gramuntell
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Esther Castillo-Gomez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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7
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PSA-NCAM Colocalized with Cholecystokinin-Expressing Cells in the Hippocampus Is Involved in Mediating Antidepressant Efficacy. J Neurosci 2019; 40:825-842. [PMID: 31801810 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1779-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular glycan polysialic acid linked to neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is principally expressed in the developing brain and the adult neurogenic regions. Although colocalization of PSA-NCAM with cholecystokinin (CCK) was found in the adult brain, the role of PSA-NCAM remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the functional significance of PSA-NCAM in the CA1 region of the male mouse hippocampus. Combined fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that few vesicular glutamate transporter 3-negative/CCK-positive (VGluT3-/CCK+) cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM, but most of the VGluT3+/CCK+ cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM. The somata of PSA-NCAM+/CCK+ cells were highly innervated by serotonergic boutons than those of PSA-NCAM-/CCK+ cells. The expression ratios of 5-HT3A receptors and p11, a serotonin receptor-interacting protein, were higher in PSA-NCAM+/CCK+ cells than in PSA-NCAM-/CCK+ cells. Pharmacological digestion of PSA-NCAM impaired the efficacy of antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, but not the efficacy of benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam. A Western blot showed that restraint stress decreased the expressions of p11 and mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and FLX increased them. Interestingly, the FLX-induced elevation of expression of p11, but not mature BDNF, was impaired by the digestion of PSA-NCAM. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that restraint stress reduced the expression of polysialyltransferase ST8Sia IV and FLX elevated it. Collectively, PSA-NCAM colocalized with VGluT3+/CCK+ cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus may play a unique role in the regulation of antidepressant efficacy via the serotonergic pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Polysialic acid (PSA) is composed of eight or more α2,8-linked sialic acids. Here, we examined the functional significance of polysialic acid linked to the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the adult mouse hippocampus. Few vesicular glutamate transporter 3-negative/cholecystokinin-positive (VGluT3-/CCK+) cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM, but most of the VGluT3+/CCK+ cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM. The expression ratios of 5-HT3A receptors and p11, a serotonin receptor-interacting protein, were higher in PSA-NCAM+/CCK+ cells than in PSA-NCAM-/CCK+ cells. The efficacy of antidepressants, but not anxiolytics, was impaired by the digestion of PSA-NCAM. The antidepressant-induced increase in p11 expression was inhibited following PSA-NCAM digestion. We hence hypothesize that PSA-NCAM colocalized with VGluT3+/CCK+ cells may play a unique role in regulating antidepressant efficacy.
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8
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Curto Y, Alcaide J, Röckle I, Hildebrandt H, Nacher J. Effects of the Genetic Depletion of Polysialyltransferases on the Structure and Connectivity of Interneurons in the Adult Prefrontal Cortex. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:6. [PMID: 30787870 PMCID: PMC6372547 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a complex sugar that in the nervous system appears mainly as a posttranslational modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). PolySia plays important roles during brain development, but also in its plasticity during adulthood. Two polysialyltransferases (polyST), ST8SIA2 and ST8SIA4, are involved in the synthesis and attachment of polySia. Both polyST are relevant for developmental migration of cortical interneurons and their establishment in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In contrast, only ST8SIA4 appears to be important for the structural plasticity of a subpopulation of cortical interneurons in the adult. Interestingly, ST8SIA2 and NCAM are candidate genes for schizophrenia, a disorder in which interneuronal circuits are altered. However, there is still no data on the effects of polyST depletion on the dendritic structure or the connectivity of cortical interneurons. Here, we studied the contribution of each polyST on these parameters in the medial PFC (mPFC) of polyST knock-out mice with GAD67-GFP-labeled interneurons. Genetic depletion of ST8SIA4, but not ST8SIA2, resulted in a decrease in the complexity of the dendritic arbor of interneurons. In contrast, ablation of either of the two polyST induced a decrease in the density of parvalbumin (PV) expressing perisomatic puncta on pyramidal neurons. Thus, the depletion of each polyST results in similar impairments of not only developmental migration but also efferent synaptic connectivity of interneurons. In contrast, the loss of ST8SIA4 has a unique effect on dendritic structure, hence on afferent connectivity, suggesting differential and independent contributions of each polyST to neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Curto
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Alcaide
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iris Röckle
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM): Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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9
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Liu Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Huang W, Wang X. A dopamine D1 receptor agonist improved learning and memory in morphine-treated rats. Neurol Res 2018; 40:1080-1087. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1519946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanshuang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenyi Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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10
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Fullerton JM, Klauser P, Lenroot RK, Shaw AD, Overs B, Heath A, Cairns MJ, Atkins J, Scott R, Schofield PR, Weickert CS, Pantelis C, Fornito A, Whitford TJ, Weickert TW, Zalesky A. Differential effect of disease-associated ST8SIA2 haplotype on cerebral white matter diffusion properties in schizophrenia and healthy controls. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:21. [PMID: 29353880 PMCID: PMC5802561 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain white matter abnormalities are evident in individuals with schizophrenia, and also their first-degree relatives, suggesting that some alterations may relate to underlying genetic risk. The ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2 (ST8SIA2) gene, which encodes the alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 8B enzyme that aids neuronal migration and synaptic plasticity, was previously implicated as a schizophrenia susceptibility gene. This study examined the extent to which specific haplotypes in ST8SIA2 influence white matter microstructure using diffusion-weighted imaging of individuals with schizophrenia (n = 281) and healthy controls (n = 172), recruited across five Australian sites. Interactions between diagnostic status and the number of haplotype copies (0 or ≥1) were tested across all white matter voxels with cluster-based statistics. Fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right parietal lobe was found to show a significant interaction between diagnosis and ST8SIA2 protective haplotype (p < 0.05, family-wise error rate (FWER) cluster-corrected). The protective haplotype was associated with increased FA in controls, but this effect was reversed in people with schizophrenia. White matter fiber tracking revealed that the region-of-interest was traversed by portions of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, corona radiata, and posterior limb of internal capsule. Post hoc analysis revealed that reduced FA in this regional juncture correlated with reduced IQ in people with schizophrenia. The ST8SIA2 risk haplotype copy number did not show any differential effects on white matter. This study provides a link between a common disease-associated haplotype and specific changes in white matter microstructure, which may relate to resilience or risk for mental illness, providing further compelling evidence for involvement of ST8SIA2 in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M. Fullerton
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Paul Klauser
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia ,0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC Australia
| | - Rhoshel K. Lenroot
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Alex D. Shaw
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Bronwyn Overs
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Anna Heath
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- 0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Joshua Atkins
- 0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Rodney Scott
- 0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | | | - Peter R. Schofield
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Cyndi Shannon Weickert
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- 0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Thomas J. Whitford
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Thomas W. Weickert
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- 0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC Australia
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Neuronal Fibers and Neurotransmitter Receptor Expression in the Human Endolymphatic Sac. Otol Neurotol 2017; 38:765-773. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000001368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Chlorpromazine Increases the Expression of Polysialic Acid (PolySia) in Human Neuroblastoma Cells and Mouse Prefrontal Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061123. [PMID: 28538701 PMCID: PMC5485947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is modified by polysialic acid (polySia or PSA) in embryonic brains. In adult brains, polySia modification of NCAM is only observed in restricted areas where neural plasticity, remodeling of neural connections, or neural generation is ongoing although the amount of NCAM remains unchanged. Impairments of the polySia-expression and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the polysialyltransferase (polyST) ST8SIA2 gene are reported to be associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is well-known as an agent for treating schizophrenia, and our hypothesis is that CPZ may affect the polySia expression or the gene expression of polySTs or NCAM. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the effects of CPZ on the expression of polySia-NCAM on human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32 cells, by immunochemical and chemical methods. Interestingly, the cell surface expression of polySia, especially those with lower chain lengths, was significantly increased on the CPZ-treated cells, while mRNAs for polySTs and NCAM, and the amounts of total polySia-NCAM remained unchanged. The addition of brefeldin A, an inhibitor of endocytosis, suppressed the CPZ-induced cell surface polySia expression. In addition, polySia-NCAM was also observed in the vesicle compartment inside the cell. All these data suggest that the level of cell surface expression of polySia in IMR-32 is highly regulated and that CPZ changes the rate of the recycling of polySia-NCAM, leading to the up-regulation of polySia-NCAM on the cell surface. We also analyzed the effect of CPZ on polySia-expression in various brain regions in adult mice and found that CPZ only influenced the total amounts of polySia-NCAM in prefrontal cortex. These results suggest a brain-region-specific effect of CPZ on the expression of total polySia in mouse brain. Collectively, anti-schizophrenia agent CPZ consistently up-regulates the expression polySia at both cellular and animal levels.
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Westphal R, Simmons C, Mesquita MB, Wood TC, Williams SCR, Vernon AC, Cash D. Characterization of the resting-state brain network topology in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172394. [PMID: 28249008 PMCID: PMC5382982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) is an imaging technology that has recently gained attention for its ability to detect disruptions in functional brain networks in humans, including in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), revealing early and widespread brain network abnormalities. This methodology is now readily applicable to experimental animals offering new possibilities for cross-species translational imaging. In this context, we herein describe the application of rsfMRI to the unilaterally-lesioned 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat, a robust experimental model of the dopamine depletion implicated in PD. Using graph theory to analyse the rsfMRI data, we were able to provide meaningful and translatable measures of integrity, influence and segregation of the underlying functional brain architecture. Specifically, we confirm that rats share a similar functional brain network topology as observed in humans, characterised by small-worldness and modularity. Interestingly, we observed significantly reduced functional connectivity in the 6-OHDA rats, primarily in the ipsilateral (lesioned) hemisphere as evidenced by significantly lower node degree, local efficiency and clustering coefficient in the motor, orbital and sensorimotor cortices. In contrast, we found significantly, and bilaterally, increased thalamic functional connectivity in the lesioned rats. The unilateral deficits in the cortex are consistent with the unilateral nature of this model and further support the validity of the rsfMRI technique in rodents. We thereby provide a methodological framework for the investigation of brain networks in other rodent experimental models of PD, as well as of animal models in general, for cross-comparison with human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Westphal
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michel B. Mesquita
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias C. Wood
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve C. R. Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C. Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Regulation of extrasynaptic signaling by polysialylated NCAM: Impact for synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 81:12-21. [PMID: 27865768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptors (NMDARs) is crucial for induction of synaptic plasticity and supports cell survival, whereas activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs inhibits long-term potentiation and triggers neurodegeneration. A soluble polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (polySia-NCAM) suppresses signaling through peri-/extrasynaptic GluN2B-containing NMDARs. Genetic or enzymatic manipulations blocking this mechanism result in impaired synaptic plasticity and learning, which could be repaired by reintroduction of polySia, or inhibition of either GluN1/GluN2B receptors or downstream signaling through RasGRF1 and p38 MAP kinase. Ectodomain shedding of NCAM, and hence generation of soluble NCAM, is controlled by metalloproteases of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family. As polySia-NCAM is predominantly associated with GABAergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex, it is noteworthy that EphrinA5/EphA3-induced ADAM10 activity promotes polySia-NCAM shedding in these neurons. Thus, in addition to the well-known regulation of synaptic NMDARs by the secreted molecule Reelin, shed polySia-NCAM may restrain activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs. These data support a concept that GABAergic interneuron-derived extracellular proteins control the balance in synaptic/extrasynaptic NMDAR-mediated signaling in principal cells. Strikingly, dysregulation of Reelin or polySia expression is linked to schizophrenia. Thus, targeting of the GABAergic interneuron-principle cell communication and restoring the balance in synaptic/extrasynaptic NMDARs represent promising strategies for treatment of psychiatric diseases.
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Characterization of gray matter atrophy following 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal system. Neuroscience 2016; 334:166-179. [PMID: 27506141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unilaterally-lesioned 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat is one of the most commonly used experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we investigated whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that is widely used in human PD research, has the potential to non-invasively detect macroscopic structural brain changes in the 6-OHDA rat in ways translatable to humans. METHODS We measured the gray matter (GM) composition in the unilateral 6-OHDA rat in comparison to sham animals using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) - an unbiased MR image analysis technique. The number of nigral dopamine (DA) neurons and the density of their cortical projections were examined post-mortem using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS VBM revealed widespread bilateral changes in gray matter volume (GMV) on a topographic scale in the brains of 6-OHDA rats, compared to sham-operated rats. The greatest changes were in the lesioned hemisphere, which displayed reductions of GMV in motor, cingulate and somatosensory cortex. Histopathological results revealed dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra (SN) and a denervation in the striatum, as well as in the frontal, somatosensory and cingulate cortices. CONCLUSION Unilateral nigrostriatal 6-OHDA lesioning leads to widespread GMV changes, which extend beyond the nigrostriatal system and resemble advanced Parkinsonism. This study highlights the potential of structural MRI, and VBM in particular, for the system-level phenotyping of rodent models of Parkinsonism and provides a methodological framework for future studies in novel rodent models as they become available to the research community.
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16
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Murray HC, Low VF, Swanson ME, Dieriks BV, Turner C, Faull RL, Curtis MA. Distribution of PSA-NCAM in normal, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease human brain. Neuroscience 2016; 330:359-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Enzymatic Depletion of the Polysialic Acid Moiety Associated with the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Inhibits Antidepressant Efficacy. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1670-80. [PMID: 26530284 PMCID: PMC4832030 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs are too often ineffective, the exact mechanism of efficacy is still ambiguous, and there has been a paucity of novel targets for pharmacotherapy. In an attempt to understand the pathogenesis of depression and subsequently develop more efficacious antidepressant drugs, multiple theories have been proposed, including the modulation of neurotransmission, the upregulation of neurogenesis and neurotrophic factors, normalizing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal reactivity, and the reduction of neuroinflammation; all of which have supporting lines of evidence. Therefore, an ideal molecular target for novel pharmaceutical intervention would function at the confluence of these theories. The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) functions broadly, serving to mediate synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, neurotrophic factor signaling, and inflammatory signaling throughout the brain; all of which are associated with the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Moreover, the expression of PSA-NCAM is reduced by depression, and conversely enhanced by antidepressant treatment, particularly within the hippocampus. Here we demonstrate that selectively cleaving the polysialic acid moiety, using the bacteriophage-derived enzyme endoneuraminidase N, completely inhibits the antidepressant efficacy of the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) in a chronic unpredictable stress model of depression. We also observe a corresponding attenuation of FLX-induced hippocampal neuroplasticity, including decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic density, and neural activation. These data indicate that PSA-NCAM-mediated neuroplasticity is necessary for antidepressant action; therefore PSA-NCAM represents an interesting, and novel, target for pharmacotherapy.
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18
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Effects of Chronic Dopamine D2R Agonist Treatment and Polysialic Acid Depletion on Dendritic Spine Density and Excitatory Neurotransmission in the mPFC of Adult Rats. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:1615363. [PMID: 27110404 PMCID: PMC4821975 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1615363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are key players in the etiology and therapeutics of schizophrenia. The overactivation of these receptors contributes to mPFC dysfunction. Chronic treatment with D2R agonists modifies the expression of molecules implicated in neuronal structural plasticity, synaptic function, and inhibitory neurotransmission, which are also altered in schizophrenia. These changes are dependent on the expression of the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a plasticity-related molecule, but nothing is known about the effects of D2R and PSA-NCAM on excitatory neurotransmission and the structure of mPFC pyramidal neurons, two additional features affected in schizophrenia. To evaluate these parameters, we have chronically treated adult rats with PPHT (a D2R agonist) after enzymatic removal of PSA with Endo-N. Both treatments decreased spine density in apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons without affecting their inhibitory innervation. Endo-N also reduced the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter-1. These results indicate that D2R and PSA-NCAM are important players in the regulation of the structural plasticity of mPFC excitatory neurons. This is relevant to our understanding of the neurobiological basis of schizophrenia, in which structural alterations of pyramidal neurons and altered expression of D2R and PSA-NCAM have been found.
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Korpi ER, den Hollander B, Farooq U, Vashchinkina E, Rajkumar R, Nutt DJ, Hyytiä P, Dawe GS. Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:872-1004. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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20
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Castillo-Gómez E, Coviello S, Perez-Rando M, Curto Y, Carceller H, Salvador A, Nacher J. Streptozotocin diabetic mice display depressive-like behavior and alterations in the structure, neurotransmission and plasticity of medial prefrontal cortex interneurons. Brain Res Bull 2015; 116:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Stolyarova A, Izquierdo A. Distinct patterns of outcome valuation and amygdala-prefrontal cortex synaptic remodeling in adolescence and adulthood. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:115. [PMID: 25999830 PMCID: PMC4423437 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent behavior is typified by increased risk-taking, reward- and novelty-seeking, as well as an augmented need for social and environmental stimulation. This behavioral phenotype may result from alterations in outcome valuation or reward learning. In the present set of experiments, we directly compared adult and adolescent animals on tasks measuring both of these processes. Additionally, we examined developmental differences in dopamine D1-like receptor (D1R), dopamine D2-like receptor (D2R), and polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) expression in animals that were trained on an effortful reward valuation task, given that these proteins play an important role in the functional development of the amygdala-prefrontocortical (PFC) circuit and mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. We found that adolescent animals were not different from adults in appetitive associative learning, but exhibited distinct pattern of responses to differences in outcome values, which was paralleled by an enhanced motivation to invest effort to obtain larger rewards. There were no differences in D2 receptor expression, but D1 receptor expression was significantly reduced in the striatum of animals that had experiences with reward learning during adolescence compared to animals that went through the same experiences in adulthood. We observed increased levels of PSA-NCAM expression in both PFC and amygdala of late adolescents compared to adults that were previously trained on an effortful reward valuation task. PSA-NCAM levels in PFC were strongly and positively associated with high effort/reward (HER) choices in adolescents, but not in adult animals. Increased levels of PSA-NCAM expression in adolescents may index increased structural plasticity and represent a neural correlate of a reward sensitive endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stolyarova
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alicia Izquierdo
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Ansell BRE, Dwyer DB, Wood SJ, Bora E, Brewer WJ, Proffitt TM, Velakoulis D, McGorry PD, Pantelis C. Divergent effects of first-generation and second-generation antipsychotics on cortical thickness in first-episode psychosis. Psychol Med 2015; 45:515-527. [PMID: 25077698 PMCID: PMC4413868 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714001652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether there are differential effects of first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) on the brain is currently debated. Although some studies report that FGAs reduce grey matter more than SGAs, others do not, and research to date is limited by a focus on schizophrenia spectrum disorders. To address this limitation, this study investigated the effects of medication in patients being treated for first-episode schizophrenia or affective psychoses. METHOD Cortical thickness was compared between 52 first-episode psychosis patients separated into diagnostic (i.e. schizophrenia or affective psychosis) and medication (i.e. FGA and SGA) subgroups. Patients in each group were also compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 28). A whole-brain cortical thickness interaction analysis of medication and diagnosis was then performed. Correlations between cortical thickness with antipsychotic dose and psychotic symptoms were examined. RESULTS The effects of medication and diagnosis did not interact, suggesting independent effects. Compared with controls, diagnostic differences were found in frontal, parietal and temporal regions. Decreased thickness in FGA-treated versus SGA-treated groups was found in a large frontoparietal region (p < 0.001, corrected). Comparisons with healthy controls revealed decreased cortical thickness in the FGA group whereas the SGA group showed increases in addition to decreases. In FGA-treated patients cortical thinning was associated with higher negative symptoms whereas increased cortical thickness in the SGA-treated group was associated with lower positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that FGA and SGA treatments have divergent effects on cortical thickness during the first episode of psychosis that are independent from changes due to illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. R. E. Ansell
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. B. Dwyer
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - S. J. Wood
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - E. Bora
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - W. J. Brewer
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - T. M. Proffitt
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. Velakoulis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - P. D. McGorry
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - C. Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
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Barker JM, Taylor JR, Chandler LJ. A unifying model of the role of the infralimbic cortex in extinction and habits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:441-8. [PMID: 25128534 PMCID: PMC4138355 DOI: 10.1101/lm.035501.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The infralimbic prefrontal cortex (IL) has been shown to be critical for the regulation of flexible behavior, but its precise function remains unclear. This region has been shown to be critical for the acquisition, consolidation, and expression of extinction learning, leading many to hypothesize that IL suppresses behavior as part of a “stop” network. However, this framework is at odds with IL function in habitual behavior in which the IL has been shown to be required for the expression and acquisition of ongoing habitual behavior. Here, we will review the current state of knowledge of IL anatomy and function in behavioral flexibility and provide a testable framework for a single IL mechanism underlying its function in both extinction and habit learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Barker
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | - Jane R Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - L Judson Chandler
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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24
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Shaw AD, Tiwari Y, Kaplan W, Heath A, Mitchell PB, Schofield PR, Fullerton JM. Characterisation of genetic variation in ST8SIA2 and its interaction region in NCAM1 in patients with bipolar disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92556. [PMID: 24651862 PMCID: PMC3961385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2 (ST8SIA2) is an enzyme responsible for the transfer of polysialic acid (PSA) to glycoproteins, principally the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1), and is involved in neuronal plasticity. Variants within ST8SIA2 have previously shown association with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and autism. In addition, altered PSA-NCAM expression in brains of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder indicates a functional dysregulation of glycosylation in mental illness. To explore the role of sequence variation affecting PSA-NCAM formation, we conducted a targeted re-sequencing study of a ∼100 kb region – including the entire ST8SIA2 gene and its region of interaction with NCAM1 – in 48 Caucasian cases with bipolar disorder using the Roche 454 platform. We identified over 400 DNA variants, including 47 putative novel variants not described in dbSNP. Validation of a subset of variants via Sequenom showed high reliability of Roche 454 genotype calls (97% genotype concordance, with 80% of novel variants independently verified). We did not observe major loss-of-function mutations that would affect PSA-NCAM formation, either by ablating ST8SIA2 function or by affecting the ability of NCAM1 to be glycosylated. However, we identified 13 SNPs in the UTRs of ST8SIA2, a synonymous coding SNP in exon 5 (rs2305561, P207P) and many additional non-coding variants that may influence splicing or regulation of ST8SIA2 expression. We calculated nucleotide diversity within ST8SIA2 on specific haplotypes, finding that the diversity on the specific “risk” and “protective” haplotypes was lower than other non-disease-associated haplotypes, suggesting that putative functional variation may have arisen on a spectrum of haplotypes. We have identified common and novel variants (rs11074064, rs722645, 15∶92961050) that exist on a spectrum of haplotypes, yet are plausible candidates for conferring the effect of risk and protective haplotypes via multiple enhancer elements. A Galaxy workflow/pipeline for sequence analysis used herein is available at: https://main.g2.bx.psu.edu/u/a-shaw-neura/p/next-generation-resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Shaw
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yash Tiwari
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Warren Kaplan
- Peter Wills Bioinformatic Centre, Garvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Heath
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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Gilabert-Juan J, Belles M, Saez AR, Carceller H, Zamarbide-Fores S, Moltó MD, Nacher J. A “double hit” murine model for schizophrenia shows alterations in the structure and neurochemistry of the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 59:126-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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26
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Structural plasticity of interneurons in the adult brain: role of PSA-NCAM and implications for psychiatric disorders. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1122-33. [PMID: 23354722 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-0977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal structural plasticity is known to have a major role in cognitive processes and in the response of the CNS to aversive experiences. This type of plasticity involves processes ranging from neurite outgrowth/retraction or dendritic spine remodeling, to the incorporation of new neurons to the established circuitry. However, the study of how these structural changes take place has been focused mainly on excitatory neurons, while little attention has been paid to interneurons. The exploration of these plastic phenomena in interneurons is very important, not only for our knowledge of CNS physiology, but also for understanding better the etiology of different psychiatric and neurological disorders in which alterations in the structure and connectivity of inhibitory networks have been described. Here we review recent work on the structural remodeling of interneurons in the adult brain, both in basal conditions and after chronic stress or sensory deprivation. We also describe studies from our laboratory and others on the putative mediators of this interneuronal structural plasticity, focusing on the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM). This molecule is expressed by some interneurons in the adult CNS and, through its anti-adhesive and insulating properties, may participate in the remodeling of their structure. Finally, we review recent findings on the possible implication of PSA-NCAM on the remodeling of inhibitory neurons in certain psychiatric disorders and their treatments.
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Gilabert-Juan J, Varea E, Guirado R, Blasco-Ibáñez JM, Crespo C, Nácher J. Alterations in the expression of PSA-NCAM and synaptic proteins in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of psychiatric disorder patients. Neurosci Lett 2012; 530:97-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Differential effects of antipsychotics on hippocampal presynaptic protein expressions and recognition memory in a schizophrenia model in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:62-8. [PMID: 22640753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We compared the effects of subchronic clozapine and haloperidol administration on the expression of SNAP-25 and synaptophysin in an animal model of schizophrenia based on the glutamatergic hypothesis. Mice were first treated with a non-competitive NMDA antagonist MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg/day) or saline for 5 days, and then clozapine (5 mg/kg/day), haloperidol (1 mg/kg/day) or saline was administered for two weeks. The locomotion test, as a behavioral model of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, was applied after MK-801/saline administration on day 6 for acute effects and after antipsychotic/saline administration on day 19 for enduring effects on mice activity. Memory function was assessed by the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test, one day after the last day of antipsychotic/saline administration (day 20). Western Blotting technique was used to determine SNAP-25 and synaptophysin expressions in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Both antipsychotics reversed the enhanced locomotion effects of MK-801. MK-801 and haloperidol decreased recognition memory performance. On the other hand, clozapine did not compromise memory. It also did not reverse the negative effects of MK-801 on memory performance. MK-801 did not change SNAP-25 and synaptophysin expressions in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Clozapine increased hippocampal SNAP-25, decreased hippocampal synaptophysin expression, whereas frontal SNAP-25 and synaptophysin expressions remained unchanged. Haloperidol had no effects on levels of SNAP-25 and synaptophysin in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. These findings support the idea that the differential effects of clozapine might be related to its plastic effects and synaptic reorganization of the hippocampus.
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Albrecht A, Stork O. Are NCAM deficient mice an animal model for schizophrenia? Front Behav Neurosci 2012; 6:43. [PMID: 22822393 PMCID: PMC3398494 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and biomarker studies in patients have identified the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) and its associated polysialic acid (PSA) as a susceptibility factors for schizophrenia. NCAM and polysialtransferase mutant mice have been generated that may serve as animal models for this disorder and allow to investigate underlying neurodevelopmental alterations. Indeed, various schizophrenia-relevant morphological, cognitive and emotional deficits have been observed in these mutants. Here we studied social interaction and attention of NCAM null mutant (NCAM−/−) mice as further hallmarks of schizophrenia. Nest building, which is generally associated with social behavior in rodents, was severely impaired, as NCAM−/− mice continuously collected smaller amounts of nest building material than their wild type littermates and built nests of poorer quality. However, social approach tested in a three—compartment—box was not affected and latent inhibition of Pavlovian fear memory was not disturbed in NCAM−/− mice. Although NCAM deficient mice do not display a typical schizophrenia-like phenotype, they may be useful for studying specific endophenotypes with relevance to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Albrecht
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
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Post-weaning social isolation rearing influences the expression of molecules related to inhibitory neurotransmission and structural plasticity in the amygdala of adult rats. Brain Res 2012; 1448:129-36. [PMID: 22356888 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that alterations in the structure of neural circuits and inhibitory neurotransmission underlie the physiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. Most of the studies on these parameters have been focused on cortical regions and, despite the crucial role of the amygdala in this psychiatric disorder, there is less information on this region. In order to expand this knowledge, we have studied the expression of molecules related to inhibitory neurotransmission and structural plasticity in rats subjected to post-weaning isolation rearing, an animal model that reproduces several core symptoms of schizophrenia. We have analyzed, using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, the expression of synaptophysin, GAD65, GAD67, the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), its polysialylated form (PSA-NCAM) and its synthesizing enzymes (St8siaII and St8SiaIV). Isolation-reared rats showed significant increases in the expression of GAD67 protein in the centromedial, medial and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei, but no significant changes in GAD65 or synaptophysin expression were found in these regions. The expression of PSA-NCAM and NCAM was significantly increased in the basolateral and medial nuclei respectively. Our results indicate that isolation-rearing influences positively inhibitory neurotransmission and neuronal structural plasticity in the amygdala, probably through PSA-NCAM. These findings are in contrast to reports describing decreased expression of molecules related to inhibitory neurotransmission in the amygdala of schizophrenic patients. Consequently, although the social isolation rearing model can reproduce some of the behavioral traits of schizophrenics it may fail to reproduce some of the neurobiological features of this disorder, particularly in the amygdala.
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Varea E, Guirado R, Gilabert-Juan J, Martí U, Castillo-Gomez E, Blasco-Ibáñez JM, Crespo C, Nacher J. Expression of PSA-NCAM and synaptic proteins in the amygdala of psychiatric disorder patients. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:189-97. [PMID: 22099865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging has revealed structural abnormalities in the amygdala of different psychiatric disorders. The polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a molecule related to neuronal structural plasticity, which expression is altered in schizophrenia, major depression and in animal models of these disorders, may participate in these changes. However, PSA-NCAM has not been studied in the human amygdala. To know whether its expression and that of presynaptic markers, was affected in psychiatric disorders, we have analyzed post-mortem sections from the Stanley Neuropathology Consortium, which includes controls, schizophrenia, bipolar and major depression patients. PSA-NCAM was expressed in neuronal somata and neuropil puncta, many of which corresponded to interneurons. Depressed patients showed decreases in PSA-NCAM expression in the basolateral and basomedial amygdala; synaptophysin and GAD67 were also decreased, while VGLUT-1 was increased, in different nuclei. Increases in PSA-NCAM expression were found in the lateral nucleus of bipolar patients; synaptophysin and GAD67 were reduced, and VGLUT-1 increased, in their basolateral and lateral nuclei. The expression of synaptophysin and GAD67 was downregulated in the basolateral nucleus of schizophrenics. These results indicate that inhibitory and excitatory amygdaloid circuits are affected in these disorders and that abnormal PSA-NCAM expression in depressive and bipolar patients may underlie these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Varea
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Dpt., Universitat de València, Spain
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Guirado R, Sanchez-Matarredona D, Varea E, Crespo C, Blasco-Ibáñez JM, Nacher J. Chronic fluoxetine treatment in middle-aged rats induces changes in the expression of plasticity-related molecules and in neurogenesis. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:5. [PMID: 22221403 PMCID: PMC3278353 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antidepressants promote neuronal structural plasticity in young-adult rodents, but little is known of their effects on older animals. The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) may mediate these structural changes through its anti-adhesive properties. PSA-NCAM is expressed in immature neurons and in a subpopulation of mature interneurons and its expression is modulated by antidepressants in the telencephalon of young-adult rodents. Results We have analyzed the effects of 14 days of fluoxetine treatment on the density of puncta expressing PSA-NCAM and different presynaptic markers in the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala of middle-aged (8 months old) rats. The density of puncta expressing PSA-NCAM increased in the dorsal cingulate cortex, as well as in different hippocampal and amygdaloid regions. In these later regions there were also increases in the density of puncta expressing glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67 (GAD6), synaptophysin (SYN), PSA-NCAM/SYN and PSA-NCAM/GAD6, but a decrease of those expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1). Since there is controversy on the effects of antidepressants on neurogenesis during aging, we analyzed the number of proliferating cells expressing Ki67 and that of immature neurons expressing doublecortin or PSA-NCAM. No significant changes were found in the subgranular zone, but the number of proliferating cells decreased in the subventricular zone. Conclusions These results indicate that the effects of fluoxetine in middle-aged rats are different to those previously described in young-adult animals, being more restricted in the mPFC and even following an opposite direction in the amygdala or the subventricular zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Guirado
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Dpt., Universitat de València, Spain
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Castillo-Gómez E, Varea E, Blasco-Ibáñez JM, Crespo C, Nacher J. Polysialic acid is required for dopamine D2 receptor-mediated plasticity involving inhibitory circuits of the rat medial prefrontal cortex. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29516. [PMID: 22216301 PMCID: PMC3247286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased expression of dopamine D2 receptors (D2R), dysfunction of inhibitory neurotransmission and impairments in the structure and connectivity of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and major depression, but the relationship between these changes remains unclear. The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a plasticity-related molecule, may serve as a link. This molecule is expressed in cortical interneurons and dopamine, via D2R, modulates its expression in parallel to that of proteins related to synapses and inhibitory neurotransmission, suggesting that D2R-targeted antipsychotics/antidepressants may act by affecting the plasticity of mPFC inhibitory circuits. To understand the role of PSA-NCAM in this plasticity, rats were chronically treated with a D2R agonist (PPHT) after cortical PSA depletion. PPHT-induced increases in GAD67 and synaptophysin (SYN) neuropil expression were blocked when PSA was previously removed, indicating a role for PSA-NCAM in this plasticity. The number of PSA-NCAM expressing interneuron somata also increased after PPHT treatment, but the percentages of these cells belonging to different interneuronal subpopulations did not change. Cortical pyramidal neurons did not express PSA-NCAM, but puncta co-expressing this molecule and parvalbumin could be found surrounding their somata. PPHT treatment increased the number of PSA-NCAM and parvalbumin expressing perisomatic puncta, but decreased the percentage of parvalbumin puncta that co-expressed SYN. PSA depletion did not block these effects on the perisomatic region, but increased further the number of parvalbumin expressing puncta and increased the percentage of puncta co-expressing SYN and parvalbumin, suggesting that the polysialylation of NCAM may regulate perisomatic inhibition of mPFC principal neurons. Summarizing, the present results indicate that dopamine acting on D2R influences structural plasticity of mPFC interneurons and point to PSA-NCAM as a key player in this remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Castillo-Gómez
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Varea
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Blasco-Ibáñez
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Crespo
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Sensory experience differentially modulates the mRNA expression of the polysialyltransferases ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV in postnatal mouse visual cortex. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24874. [PMID: 21957465 PMCID: PMC3177851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (PSA) is a unique carbohydrate composed of a linear homopolymer of α-2,8 linked sialic acid, and is mainly attached to the fifth immunoglobulin-like domain of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in vertebrate neural system. In the brain, PSA is exclusively synthesized by the two polysialyltransferases ST8SiaII (also known as STX) and ST8SiaIV (also known as PST). By modulating adhesive property of NCAM, PSA plays a critical role in several neural development processes such as cell migration, neurite outgrowth, axon pathfinding, synaptogenesis and activity-dependent plasticity. The expression of PSA is temporally and spatially regulated during neural development and a tight regulation of PSA expression is essential to its biological function. In mouse visual cortex, PSA is downregulated following eye opening and its decrease allows the maturation of GABAergic synapses and the opening of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity. Relatively little is known about how PSA levels are regulated by sensory experience and neuronal activity. Here, we demonstrate that while both ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV mRNA levels decrease around the time of eye opening in mouse visual cortex, only ST8SiaII mRNA level reduction is regulated by sensory experience. Using an organotypic culture system from mouse visual cortex, we further show that ST8SiaII gene expression is regulated by spiking activity and NMDA-mediated excitation. Further, we show that both ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV mRNA levels are positively regulated by PKC-mediated signaling. Therefore, sensory experience-dependent ST8SiaII gene expression regulates PSA levels in postnatal visual cortex, thus acting as molecular link between visual activity and PSA expression.
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Gilabert-Juan J, Castillo-Gomez E, Pérez-Rando M, Moltó MD, Nacher J. Chronic stress induces changes in the structure of interneurons and in the expression of molecules related to neuronal structural plasticity and inhibitory neurotransmission in the amygdala of adult mice. Exp Neurol 2011; 232:33-40. [PMID: 21819983 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress in experimental animals, one of the most accepted models of chronic anxiety and depression, induces structural remodeling of principal neurons in the amygdala and increases its excitation by reducing inhibitory tone. These changes may be mediated by the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a molecule related to neuronal structural plasticity and expressed by interneurons in the adult CNS, which is downregulated in the amygdala after chronic stress. We have analyzed the amygdala of adult mice after 21 days of restraint stress, studying with qRT-PCR the expression of genes related to general and inhibitory neurotransmission, and of PSA synthesizing enzymes. The expression of GAD67, synaptophysin and PSA-NCAM was also studied in specific amygdaloid nuclei using immunohistochemistry. We also analyzed dendritic arborization and spine density, and cell activity, monitoring c-Fos expression, in amygdaloid interneurons. At the mRNA level, the expression of GAD67 and of St8SiaII was significantly reduced. At the protein level there was an overall reduction in the expression of GAD67, synaptophysin and PSA-NCAM, but significant changes were only detected in specific amygdaloid regions. Chronic stress did not affect dendritic spine density, but reduced dendritic arborization in interneurons of the lateral and basolateral amygdala. These results indicate that chronic stress modulates inhibitory neurotransmission in the amygdala by regulating the expression of molecules involved in this process and by promoting the structural remodeling of interneurons. The addition of PSA to NCAM by St8SiaII may be involved in these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gilabert-Juan
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Dpt., Universitat de València, Spain
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Maćkowiak M, Mordalska P, Dudys D, Korostyński M, Bator E, Wedzony K. Cocaine enhances ST8SiaII mRNA expression and neural cell adhesion molecule polysialylation in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience 2011; 186:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen Y, Tang BL. Unique intracellular trafficking processes associated with neural cell adhesion molecule and its intracellular signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 17:69-74. [PMID: 21244325 DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2010.549976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Homophilic binding of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) results in intracellular signaling, which also involves heterophilic engagement of coreceptors such as the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-α (RPTPα). NCAM's own cellular dynamic itinerary includes endocytosis and recycling to the plasma membrane. Recent works suggest that NCAM could influence the trafficking of other receptor molecules that it associates with, particularly the FGFR. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that NCAM could undergo proteolytic processing upon activation. A processed fragment of NCAM, together with an N-terminal fragment of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is translocated into the nucleus. Here, the authors discuss these rather unique (though not without precedence and analogues) receptor trafficking activities that are associated with NCAM and NCAM signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Gómez-Climent MÁ, Guirado R, Castillo-Gómez E, Varea E, Gutierrez-Mecinas M, Gilabert-Juan J, García-Mompó C, Vidueira S, Sanchez-Mataredona D, Hernández S, Blasco-Ibáñez JM, Crespo C, Rutishauser U, Schachner M, Nacher J. The Polysialylated Form of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (PSA-NCAM) Is Expressed in a Subpopulation of Mature Cortical Interneurons Characterized by Reduced Structural Features and Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2010; 21:1028-41. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Divergent impact of the polysialyltransferases ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV on polysialic acid expression in immature neurons and interneurons of the adult cerebral cortex. Neuroscience 2010; 167:825-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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