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Fang J, Wang Z, Miao CY. Angiogenesis after ischemic stroke. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1305-1321. [PMID: 36829053 PMCID: PMC10310733 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to its high disability and mortality rates, stroke has been the second leading cause of death worldwide. Since the pathological mechanisms of stroke are not fully understood, there are few clinical treatment strategies available with an exception of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Angiogenesis is an important protective mechanism that promotes neural regeneration and functional recovery during the pathophysiological process of stroke. Thus, inducing angiogenesis in the peri-infarct area could effectively improve hemodynamics, and promote vascular remodeling and recovery of neurovascular function after ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms affecting angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia registered in PubMed, and provide pro-angiogenic strategies for exploring the treatment of ischemic stroke, including endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, cytokines, non-coding RNAs, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Chen B, Jin W. A comprehensive review of stroke-related signaling pathways and treatment in western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1200061. [PMID: 37351420 PMCID: PMC10282194 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the complex network of signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in stroke pathophysiology. It summarizes the historical progress of stroke-related signaling pathways, identifying potential interactions between them and emphasizing that stroke is a complex network disease. Of particular interest are the Hippo signaling pathway and ferroptosis signaling pathway, which remain understudied areas of research, and are therefore a focus of the review. The involvement of multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and AMPK in pathophysiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress and apoptosis, highlights the complexity of stroke. The review also delves into the details of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies such as Rehmanniae and Astragalus, providing an analysis of the recent status of western medicine in the treatment of stroke and the advantages and disadvantages of TCM and western medicine in stroke treatment. The review proposes that since stroke is a network disease, TCM has the potential and advantages of a multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of action in the treatment of stroke. Therefore, it is suggested that future research should explore more treasures of TCM and develop new therapies from the perspective of stroke as a network disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Prajapati A, Mehan S, Khan Z. The role of Smo-Shh/Gli signaling activation in the prevention of neurological and ageing disorders. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10034-1. [PMID: 37097427 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is an essential central nervous system (CNS) pathway involved during embryonic development and later life stages. Further, it regulates cell division, cellular differentiation, and neuronal integrity. During CNS development, Smo-Shh signaling is significant in the proliferation of neuronal cells such as oligodendrocytes and glial cells. The initiation of the downstream signalling cascade through the 7-transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) promotes neuroprotection and restoration during neurological disorders. The dysregulation of Smo-Shh is linked to the proteolytic cleavage of GLI (glioma-associated homolog) into GLI3 (repressor), which suppresses target gene expression, leading to the disruption of cell growth processes. Smo-Shh aberrant signalling is responsible for several neurological complications contributing to physiological alterations like increased oxidative stress, neuronal excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, activating Shh receptors in the brain promotes axonal elongation and increases neurotransmitters released from presynaptic terminals, thereby exerting neurogenesis, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy responses. Smo-Shh activators have been shown in preclinical and clinical studies to help prevent various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Redox signalling has been found to play a critical role in regulating the activity of the Smo-Shh pathway and influencing downstream signalling events. In the current study ROS, a signalling molecule, was also essential in modulating the SMO-SHH gli signaling pathway in neurodegeneration. As a result of this investigation, dysregulation of the pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD).Thus, Smo-Shh signalling activators could be a potential therapeutic intervention to treat neurocomplications of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Prajapati
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
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Sun D, Deng J, Wang Y, Xie J, Li X, Li X, Wang X, Zhou F, Qin S, Liu X. SAG, a sonic hedgehog signaling agonist, alleviates anxiety behavior in high-fat diet-fed mice. Brain Res Bull 2023; 195:25-36. [PMID: 36736922 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is a prevalent and disabling psychiatric disorder. Mitochondrial dysfunction due to the high-fat diet (HFD) was regarded as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of anxiety. The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway was known to improve mitochondrial dysfunction through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects on some neurological diseases. Nonetheless, its effect on anxiety has not been well studied. In this study, we aimed to explore whether SHH signaling pathway plays a protective role in anxiety by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. SAG, a typical SHH signaling agonist, was administered intraperitoneally in HFD-fed mice. HFD-induced anxiety-like behavior in mice was confirmed using the open field and elevated plus maze tests. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting assays showed that the SHH signaling was downregulated in the prefrontal cortex neurons from HFD-fed mice. Electron microscopy results showed the mitochondria in the prefrontal cortex of HFD-fed mice were fragmented, which appeared small and spherical, and the area, perimeter and circularity of mitochondria were decreased. Mitofusin2 (Mfn2) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) were the key proteins involved in mitochondrial division and fusion. SAG treatment could rectify the imbalanced expression of Mfn2 and Drp1 in the prefrontal cortex of the HFD-fed mice, and alleviate the mitochondrial fragmentation. Furthermore, SAG decreased anxiety-like behavior in the HFD-fed mice. These findings suggested that SHH signal was neuroprotective in obesity and SAG relieved anxiety-like behavior through reducing mitochondrial fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jiaxin Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jinyu Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Suping Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
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Liao H, Huang J, Liu J, Zhu H, Chen Y, Li X, Wen J, Yang Q. Sirt1 regulates microglial activation and inflammation following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury by targeting the Shh/Gli-1 signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3317-3327. [PMID: 36725745 PMCID: PMC10042964 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemic injury leads to over-activation of microglia, which release pro-inflammatory factors that deteriorate neurological function during the acute phase of stroke. Thus, inhibiting microglial over-activation is crucial for reducing ischemic injury. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) has been shown to play a critical role in stroke, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. However, the effect of Sirt1 on the regulation of microglial activation following cerebral ischemic injury, as well as the underlying mechanism, remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to mainly investigate the effect of Sirt1 on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated N9 microglia following treatment with the Sirt1 agonists resveratrol and SRT1720 and the Sirt1 antagonist sirtinol. METHODS Cell viability, Apoptosis, activation and inflammatory responses of microglia, expressions and activity of Shh signaling pathway proteins were detected by Cell Counting Kit 8, Flow Cytometry, immunocytochemistry, ELISA, and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS The results demonstrated that treatment with resveratrol or SRT1720 could inhibit the activation of microglia and inflammation during OGD/R. Moreover, these treatments also led to the translocation of the GLI family zinc finger-1 (Gli-1) protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and upregulated the expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Patched homolog-1 (Ptc-1), smoothened frizzled class receptor and Gli-1. By contrast, the inhibition of Sirt1 using sirtinol had the opposite effect. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that Sirt1 may regulate microglial activation and inflammation by targeting the Shh/Gli-1 signaling pathway following OGD/R injury. Schematic representation of Sirt1 regulating the microglial activation and inflammation following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury via mediation of Shh/Gli-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiagui Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Resveratrol Inhibits Activation of Microglia after Stroke through Triggering Translocation of Smo to Primary Cilia. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020268. [PMID: 36836502 PMCID: PMC9961736 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated microglia act as a double-edged sword for stroke. In the acute phase of stroke, activated microglia might deteriorate neurological function. Therefore, it is of great clinical transforming potential to explore drugs or methods that can inhibit abnormal activation of microglia in the acute phase of stroke to improve neurological function after stroke. Resveratrol has a potential effect of regulating microglial activation and anti-inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism of resveratrol-inhibiting microglial activation has not been fully clarified. Smoothened (Smo) belongs to the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Smo activation is the critical step that transmits the Hh signal across the primary cilia to the cytoplasm. Moreover, activated Smo can improve neurological function via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, axonal remodeling, and so on. More studies have indicated that resveratrol can activate Smo. However, it is currently unknown whether resveratrol inhibits microglial activation via Smo. Therefore, in this study, N9 microglia in vitro and mice in vivo were used to investigate whether resveratrol inhibited microglial activation after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) or middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury and improved functional outcome via triggering translocation of Smo in primary cilia. We definitively found that microglia had primary cilia; resveratrol partially inhibited activation and inflammation of microglia, improved functional outcome after OGD/R and MCAO/R injury, and triggered translocation of Smo to primary cilia. On the contrary, Smo antagonist cyclopamine canceled the above effects of resveratrol. The study suggested that Smo receptor might be a therapeutic target of resveratrol for contributing to inhibit microglial activation in the acute phase of stroke.
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Resveratrol Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Regulates M1/M2-Type Polarization of Microglia via Mediation of the Nrf2/Shh Signaling Cascade after OGD/R Injury In Vitro. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122087. [PMID: 36556306 PMCID: PMC9782981 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Microglia are closely related to the occurrence and development of oxidative stress. Cerebral ischemia leads to abnormal activation of microglia. Resveratrol can regulate M1/M2-type microglia polarization, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood, although the Nrf2 and Shh signaling pathways may be involved. Given that resveratrol activates Shh, the present study examined whether this is mediated by Nrf2 signaling. METHODS N9 microglia were pretreated with drugs before oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). HT22 neurons were also used for conditional co-culture with microglia. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. MDA levels and SOD activity in the supernatant were detected by TBA and WST-1, respectively. Immunofluorescence detected Nrf2 and Gli1 nuclear translocation. The levels of CD206, Arg1, iNOS, TNF-α, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, Shh, Ptc, Smo, Gli1 protein and mRNA were measured by Western blotting or RT-qPCR. Annexin V-FITC Flow Cytometric Analysis detected apoptosis. RESULTS Resveratrol and Nrf2 activator RTA-408 enhanced the viability of microglia, reduced oxidative stress, promoted M2-type microglia polarization and activated Nrf2 and Shh signaling. ML385, a selective inhibitor of Nrf2, decreased the viability of microglia, aggravated oxidative stress, promoted M1-type microglia polarization and inhibited Nrf2 and Shh signaling. Moreover, resveratrol and RTA-408-treated microglia can reduce the apoptosis and increase the viability of HT22 neurons, while ML385-treated microglia aggravated the apoptosis and weakened the viability of HT22 neurons. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that resveratrol may inhibit oxidative stress, regulate M1/M2-type polarization of microglia and decrease neuronal injury in conditional co-culture of neurons and microglia via the mediation of the Nrf2/Shh signaling cascade after OGD/R injury in vitro.
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Lumbrokinase regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress to improve neurological deficits in ischemic stroke. Neuropharmacology 2022; 221:109277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gupta R, Mehan S, Chhabra S, Giri A, Sherawat K. Role of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Activation in the Prevention of Neurological Abnormalities Associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1718-1738. [PMID: 36272053 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The smoothened sonic hedgehog (Smo-Shh) pathway is one mechanism that influences neurogenesis, including brain cell differentiation and development during childhood. Shh signaling dysregulation leads to decreased target gene transcription, which contributes to increased neuronal excitation, apoptosis, and neurodegeneration, eventually leading to neurological deficits. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as OCD and related neurological dysfunctions are characterized by neurotransmitter imbalance, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired neurogenesis, disturbing the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) link neuronal network. Despite the availability of several treatments, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, some individuals may not benefit much from them. Several trials on the use of antipsychotics in the treatment of OCD have also produced inadequate findings. This evidence-based review focuses on a potential pharmacological approach to alleviating OCD and associated neuronal deficits by preventing neurochemical alterations, in which sonic hedgehog activators are neuroprotective, lowering neuronal damage while increasing neuronal maintenance and survival. As a result, stimulating SMO-Shh via its potential activators may have neuroprotective effects on neurological impairment associated with OCD. This review investigates the link between SMO-Shh signaling and the neurochemical abnormalities associated with the progression of OCD and associated neurological dysfunctions. Role of Smo-Shh signaling in serotonergic neurogenesis and in maintaining their neuronal identity. The Shh ligand activates two main transcriptional factors known as Foxa2 and Nkx2.2, which again activates another transcriptional factor, GATA (GATA2 and GATA3), in post mitotic precursor cells of serotonergic neurons-following increased expression of Pet-1 and Lmx1b after GATA regulates the expression of many serotonergic enzymes such as TPH2, SERT, VMAT, slc6a4, Htr1a, Htr1b (Serotonin receptor enzymes), and MAO that regulate and control the release of serotonin and maintain their neuronal identity after their maturation. Abbreviation: Foxa2: Forkhead box; GATA: Globin transcription factor; Lmx1b: LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta; TPH2: Tryptophan hydroxylase 2; Htr1a: Serotonin receptor 1a; Htr1b: Serotonin receptor 1b; SERT: Serotonin transporter; VMAT: Vesicular monoamine transporter; MAO: Monoamine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Gupta
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Aditi Giri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Kajal Sherawat
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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A systemic cell stress signal confers neuronal resilience toward oxidative stress in a Hedgehog-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111488. [PMID: 36260999 PMCID: PMC9623505 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells possess several conserved adaptive mechanisms to respond to stress. Stress signaling is initiated to reestablish cellular homeostasis, but its effects on the tissue or systemic levels are far less understood. We report that the secreted luminal domain of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress transducer CREB3L2 (which we name TAILS [transmissible activator of increased cell livability under stress]) is an endogenous, cell non-autonomous activator of neuronal resilience. In response to oxidative insults, neurons secrete TAILS, which potentiates hedgehog signaling through direct interaction with Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and its receptor PTCH1, leading to improved antioxidant signaling and mitochondrial function in neighboring neurons. In an in vivo model of ischemic brain injury, administration of TAILS enables survival of CNS neurons and fully preserves cognitive function in behavioral tests. Our findings reveal an SHH-mediated, cell non-autonomous branch of cellular stress signaling that confers resilience to oxidative stress in the mature brain, providing protection from ischemic neurodegeneration. Whether and how neurons can communicate stress to other neurons is poorly understood. Chung et al. demonstrate that oxidative stress in neurons leads to secretion of cell non-autonomous stress signaling protein. This protein, TAILS, induces neuronal resilience against cell stress in recipient cells in an SHH-dependent manner.
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Wen J, Zhu H, Li X, Huang J, Chen Y, Yang Q. [Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog signaling inhibits fibrous scar formation and adversely affects functional outcome after ischemic brain injury in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:840-848. [PMID: 35790434 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of inhibiting Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling on fibrous scar formation and functional outcome after ischemic brain injury. METHODS Adult SD rats were randomized into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion (I/R) group, I/R with intraventricular empty adenoviral vector (rAd-NC) injection group, and I/R with adenovirus-mediated Shh knockdown (rAd-ShShh) group. After the treatments, the neurological deficits of the rats were assessed, and the protein and mRNA expressions of fibronectin (Fn), α-SMA, and Shh in the ischemic hemisphere were detected with immunofluorescence assay and qPCR; TUNEL staining was used for detecting neural cell apoptosis. In the cell experiment, primary meningeal fibroblasts isolated from neonatal SD rats were pretreated for 24 h with TGF-β1 or TGF-β1 plus cyclopamine (CYC) before oxygen-glucose deprivation for 150 min followed by reoxygenation for 72 h (OGD/R). CCK-8 assay and scratch test were performed to examine the changes in cell proliferation and migration, and immunofluorescence assay, qPCR and Western blotting were used for detecting cell transformation and the expressions of Shh, α-SMA, and Fn. RESULTS Cerebral I/R injury significantly increased the protein and mRNA expressions of Shh, α-SMA, and Fn in the ischemic hemisphere of the rats, but their expression levels were significantly lowered by intraventricular injection of rAd-Shshh (P < 0.05), which obviously increased cell apoptosis in the ischemic hemisphere (P < 0.05) and improved modified mNSS and modified Bederson scores of the rats (P < 0.05). In the cell experiment, pretreatment with TGF-β1 and TGF-β1+CYC both increased the viability of the primary meningeal fibroblasts after OGD/R. TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the migration ability and induced obvious transformation of the exposed cells (P < 0.05), but these effects were significantly attenuated by co-treatment with CYC (P < 0.05). The expressions of Shh, α-SMA and Fn in the TGF-β1 group were all significantly higher in TGF-β1-treated cells (P < 0.05) and were obviously lowered by co-treatment with CYC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Inhibition of Shh signaling may inhibit fibrous scar formation and functional recovery in rats after ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - J Huang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Q Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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12
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Jha NK, Chen WC, Kumar S, Dubey R, Tsai LW, Kar R, Jha SK, Gupta PK, Sharma A, Gundamaraju R, Pant K, Mani S, Singh SK, Maccioni RB, Datta T, Singh SK, Gupta G, Prasher P, Dua K, Dey A, Sharma C, Mughal YH, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Ojha S. Molecular mechanisms of developmental pathways in neurological disorders: a pharmacological and therapeutic review. Open Biol 2022; 12:210289. [PMID: 35291879 PMCID: PMC8924757 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term 'embryonic' might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechanism as is manifested by its role in driving memory loss, motor impairments and many other processes after brain trauma. In this review, we explore the key roles of three embryonic pathways in modulating a range of homeostatic processes such as maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation. In addition, we extensively investigated the effect of these pathways in driving the pathophysiology of a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetic neuropathy. The concluding section of the review is dedicated to neurotherapeutics, wherein we identify and list a range of biological molecules and compounds that have shown enormous potential in improving prognosis in patients with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rohan Kar
- Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), Gujarat 380015, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | - Kumud Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era deemed to be University Dehradun Uttarakhand, 248002 Dehradun, India
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Ricardo B. Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Tirtharaj Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, 302017 Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India,Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasir Hayat Mughal
- Department of Health Administration, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Su HH, Yen JC, Liao JM, Wang YH, Liu PH, MacDonald IJ, Tsai CF, Chen YH, Huang SS. In situ slow-release recombinant growth differentiation factor 11 exhibits therapeutic efficacy in ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112290. [PMID: 34673423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) treatment improves the vasculature in the hippocampus and cortex in mice in recent studies. However, systemic application of recombinant GDF11 (rGDF11) cannot cross the brain blood barrier (BBB). Thus, large doses and long-term administration are required, while systemically applied high-dose rGDF11 is associated with deleterious effects, such as severe cachexia. This study tested whether in situ low dosage rGDF11 (1 μg/kg) protects the brain against ischemic stroke and it investigated the underlying mechanisms. Fibrin glue mixed with rGDF11 was applied to the surgical cortex for the slow release of rGDF11 in mice after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In situ rGDF11 improved cerebral infarction and sensorimotor function by upregulating Smad2/3 and downregulating FOXO3 expression. In situ rGDF11 was associated with reductions in protein and lipid oxidation, Wnt5a, iNOS and COX2 expression, at 24 h after injury. In situ rGDF11 protected hippocampal neurons and subventricular neural progenitor cells against MCAO injury, and increased newborn neurogenesis in the peri-infarct cortex. Systematic profiling and qPCR analysis revealed that Pax5, Sox3, Th, and Cdk5rap2, genes associated with neurogenesis, were increased by in situ rGDF11 treatment. In addition, greater numbers of newborn neurons in the peri-infarct cortex were observed with in situ rGDF11 than with systemic application. Our evidence indicates that in situ rGDF11 effectively decreases the extent of damage after ischemic stroke via antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and proneurogenic activities. We suggest that in situ slow-release rGDF11 with fibrin glue is a potential therapeutic approach against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Hui Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiin-Cherng Yen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiuan-Miaw Liao
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Hsun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Iona J MacDonald
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Feng Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan,ROC; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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14
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Antonelli F, Casciati A, Belles M, Serra N, Linares-Vidal MV, Marino C, Mancuso M, Pazzaglia S. Long-Term Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Hippocampus: Linking Effects of the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Activation with Radiation Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212605. [PMID: 34830484 PMCID: PMC8624704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy represents one of the primary treatment modalities for primary and metastatic brain tumors. Although recent advances in radiation techniques, that allow the delivery of higher radiation doses to the target volume, reduce the toxicity to normal tissues, long-term neurocognitive decline is still a detrimental factor significantly affecting quality of life, particularly in pediatric patients. This imposes the need for the development of prevention strategies. Based on recent evidence, showing that manipulation of the Shh pathway carries therapeutic potential for brain repair and functional recovery after injury, here we evaluate how radiation-induced hippocampal alterations are modulated by the constitutive activation of the Shh signaling pathway in Patched 1 heterozygous mice (Ptch1+/-). Our results show, for the first time, an overall protective effect of constitutive Shh pathway activation on hippocampal radiation injury. This activation, through modulation of the proneural gene network, leads to a long-term reduction of hippocampal deficits in the stem cell and new neuron compartments and to the mitigation of radio-induced astrogliosis, despite some behavioral alterations still being detected in Ptch1+/- mice. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the neural decline following irradiation is essential for identifying prevention measures to contain the harmful consequences of irradiation. Our data have important translational implications as they suggest a role for Shh pathway manipulation to provide the therapeutic possibility of improving brain repair and functional recovery after radio-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Antonelli
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Arianna Casciati
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Montserrat Belles
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Noemi Serra
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Maria Victoria Linares-Vidal
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Carmela Marino
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (S.P.)
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15
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Zhao H, Gao XY, Wu XJ, Zhang YB, Wang XF. The Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway regulates regeneration via transcription factor Olig1 expression after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neurol Res 2021; 44:318-330. [PMID: 34592910 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1981106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death in the global population, with a high disability and mortality rate. Lack of regenerative ability is considered to be the fundamental cause. This study aims to determine the effect of Shh pathway, which mediates regenerative signaling in response to CNS injury, on myelin repair and Olig1 expression in focal ischemic lesions in the rat. METHODS A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established using the intraluminal suture method where the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was restricted for 120 min. Cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of Shh, or saline was administered 12 h after MCAO surgery and lasted for 7 days. After MCA occlusion, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to cyclopamine- or saline-treated groups. A group of no-injection animals after MCAO were used as controls. The Shh signaling pathway, myelinogenesis-related factor MBP and Olig1 were testedby immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR assay. RESULTS The levels of Shh and its component Gli1 were elevated from 1 d up to 14 d following ischemia, indicating that the Shh-Gli1 axis was broadly reactivated. Treatment with cyclopamine can partially block the Shh signaling pathway, prevent myelin repair, and decrease the Olig1 expression following ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION That blockade of Shh signaling concurrently with the creation of a lesion aggravated ischemic myelin damage, probably via its downstream effects on Olig1 transcription. Shh plays a contributory role during regeneration in the CNS, thereby providing promising new therapeutic strategies to assist in recovery from ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian
| | - Xiao-Yu Gao
- Department of Neurology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Anshan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan
| | - Yong-Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
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16
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Wang Y, Lu S, Chen Y, Li L, Li X, Qu Z, Huang J, Fan L, Yuan C, Song N, Zhang J, Xu W, Yang S, Wang Y. Smoothened is a therapeutic target for reducing glutamate toxicity in ischemic stroke. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eaba3444. [PMID: 34516830 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba3444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Liang Li
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwei Qu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Fan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Song
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Wendong Xu
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglian Yang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Yizheng Wang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China.,Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
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17
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Li X, Wen W, Li P, Fu Y, Chen H, Wang F, Dai Y, Xu S. Mitochondrial Protection and Against Glutamate Neurotoxicity via Shh/Ptch1 Signaling Pathway to Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction by Kaixin San in Multi-Infarct Dementia Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5590745. [PMID: 34306310 PMCID: PMC8285175 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5590745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Multi-infarct dementia (MID), a prominent subtype of vascular dementia (VD), is responsible for at least 15 to 20 percent of dementia in the elderly. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and glutamate neurotoxicity due to chronic hypoperfusion and oxidative stress were regarded as the major risk factors in the pathogenesis. Kaixin San (KXS), a classic prescription of Beiji Qianjin Yaofang, was applied to treatment for "amnesia" and has been demonstrated to alleviate the cognitive deficit in a variety of dementias, including MID. However, little is known whether mitochondria and glutamate are associated with the protection of KXS in MID treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of KXS in improving the cognitive function of MID rats through strengthening mitochondrial functions and antagonizing glutamate neurotoxicity via the Shh/Ptch1 signaling pathway. Our data showed that KXS significantly ameliorated memory impairment and hippocampal neuron damage in MID rats. Moreover, KXS improved hippocampal mitochondrial functions by reducing the degree of mitochondrial swelling, increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and elevating the energy charge (EC) and ATP content in MID rats. As expected, the concentration of glutamate and the expression of p-NMDAR1 were significantly reduced by KXS in the brain tissue of MID rats. Furthermore, our results showed that KXS noticeably activated the Shh/Ptch1 signaling pathway which was demonstrated by remarkable elevations of Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1 protein levels in the brain tissue of MID rats. Intriguingly, the inhibition of the Shh signaling pathway with cyclopamine significantly inhibited the protective effects of KXS on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. To sum up, these findings suggested that KXS protected MID rats from memory loss by rescuing mitochondrial functions as well as against glutamate neurotoxicity through activating Shh/Ptch1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Li
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Fushun Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610060, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Shijun Xu
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
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18
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Yu P, Wang L, Tang F, Guo S, Liao H, Fan C, Yang Q. Resveratrol-mediated neurorestoration after cerebral ischemic injury - Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway. Life Sci 2021; 280:119715. [PMID: 34116113 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Resveratrol pretreatment can decrease ischemic cerebral injury and enhance proliferation of neural stem cells via mediation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling. However, it is relatively little known about whether neurorestorative effects of resveratrol are mediated by Shh signaling in ischemic cerebral injury. The present study tests whether the Shh signaling pathway mediates resveratrol to promote neurorestoration of ischemic cerebral injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats or neurons before middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) or oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury were pretreated with resveratrol. Immunohistochemistry is used to be determined BrdU+/DCX+, BrdU+/Nestin+ and BrdU+/NG2+ cell (markers of new proliferated neural stem/progenitor and oligodendrocyte precursor cell, respectively), BrdU+/MAP2+ and BrdU+/CNPase+ cell (markers of new mature neuron and oligodendrocyte, respectively), BrdU+/TUNEL+ cell (marker of apoptosis for new proliferated cell), SY, NF200, Iba-1 and GFAP (markers of synaptogenesis, axon, microglia and astrocyte, respectively). Shh and Gli-1 mRNAs were detected by RT-PCR assay. Iba-1, GFAP, Shh and Gli-1 proteins were detected by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Resveratrol pretreatment significantly reduced neurological deficit scores, promoted proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival of neural stem/progenitor and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, inhibited astrocyte and microglia activation, strengthened synaptophysin and NF200 expression, at the same time, promoted neurite outgrowth of neurons. Meanwhile, expression levels of Shh and Gli-1 proteins were significantly increased and Gli-1 translocated into the nucleus. However, cyclopamine, a Smo inhibitor, canceled the above effects of resveratrol. CONCLUSIONS It may be mediated, at least partly, by the Shh signaling pathway that resveratrol pretreament promote neurorestoration of ischemic cerebral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Yu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Physical Examination Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanren Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Liao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cengceng Fan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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19
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Hedgehog Signaling Modulates Glial Proteostasis and Lifespan. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2627-2643.e5. [PMID: 32101741 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved Hedgehog signaling pathway has well-established roles in development. However, its function during adulthood remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether the Hedgehog signaling pathway is active during adult life in Drosophila melanogaster, and we uncovered a protective function for Hedgehog signaling in coordinating correct proteostasis in glial cells. Adult-specific depletion of Hedgehog reduces lifespan, locomotor activity, and dopaminergic neuron integrity. Conversely, increased expression of Hedgehog extends lifespan and improves fitness. Moreover, Hedgehog pathway activation in glia rescues the lifespan and age-associated defects of hedgehog mutants. The Hedgehog pathway regulates downstream chaperones, whose overexpression in glial cells was sufficient to rescue the shortened lifespan and proteostasis defects of hedgehog mutants. Finally, we demonstrate the protective ability of Hedgehog signaling in a Drosophila Alzheimer's disease model expressing human amyloid beta in the glia. Overall, we propose that Hedgehog signaling is requisite for lifespan determination and correct proteostasis in glial cells.
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20
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Tsai MJ, Liou DY, Chu YC, Chen Y, Huang MC, Huang WC, Cheng H, Tsai SK, Huang SS. Minocycline exhibits synergism with conditioned medium of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells against ischemic stroke. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:279-292. [PMID: 33470523 DOI: 10.1002/term.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence show that a conditioned medium of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCcm) improve functional recovery after ischemic stroke but do not reduce ischemic lesions. It is important to develop a treatment strategy that can exhibit a synergistic effect with BM-MSCcm against ischemic stroke. In this study, the effect of BM-MSCcm and/or minocycline was examined in culture and in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) animal model. In neuron-glial cultures, BM-MSCcm and combined treatment, but not minocycline, effectively increased neuronal connection and oligodendroglial survival. In contrast, minocycline and combined treatment, but not BM-MSCcm, reduced toxin-induced free radical production in cultures. Either minocycline or BM-MSCcm, or in combination, conferred protective effects against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced cell damage. In an in vivo study, BM-MSCcm and minocycline were administered to rats 2 h after MCAo. Monotherapy with BM-MSCcm or minocycline after ischemic stroke resulted in 9.4% or 17.5% reduction in infarction volume, respectively, but there was no significant difference. Interestingly, there was a 33.9% significant reduction in infarction volume by combined treatment with BM-MSCcm and minocycline in an in vivo study. The combined therapy also significantly improved grasping power, which was not altered by monotherapy. Furthermore, combined therapy increased the expression of neuronal nuclei in the peri-infarct area and hippocampus, and concurrently decreased the expression of ED1 in rat brain and the peri-infarct zone. Our data suggest that minocycline exhibits a synergistic effect with BM-MSCcm against ischemic stroke not only to improve neurological functional outcome but also to reduce cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Jywan Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dann-Ying Liou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Neural Regeneration, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Neural Regeneration, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Kou Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Xiao G, Lyu M, Li Z, Cao L, Liu X, Wang Y, He S, Chen Z, Du H, Feng Y, Wang J, Zhu Y. Restoration of early deficiency of axonal guidance signaling by guanxinning injection as a novel therapeutic option for acute ischemic stroke. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105460. [PMID: 33513357 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite of its high morbidity and mortality, there is still a lack of effective treatment for ischemic stroke in part due to our incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that SHH-PTCH1-GLI1-mediated axonal guidance signaling and its related neurogenesis, a central pathway for neuronal development, also plays a critical role in early stage of an acute stroke model. Specifically, in vivo, we evaluated the effect of GXNI on ischemic stroke mice via using the middle cerebral artery embolization model, and found that GXNI significantly alleviated cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing the volume of cerebral infarction, neurological deficit score and cerebral edema, reversing the BBB permeability and histopathological changes. A combined approach of RNA-seq and network pharmacology analysis was used to reveal the underlying mechanisms of GXNI followed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting validation. It was pointed out that axon guidance signaling pathway played the most prominent role in GXNI action with Shh, Ptch1, and Gli1 genes as the critical contributors in brain protection. In addition, GXNI markedly prevented primary cortical neuron cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation damage in vitro, and promoted axon growth and synaptogenesis of damaged neurons, which further confirmed the results of in vivo experiments. Moreover, due to the inhibition of the SHH-PTCH1-GLI1 signaling pathway by cyclopropylamine, the effect of GXNI was significantly weakened. Hence, our study provides a novel option for the clinical treatment of acute ischemic stroke by GXNI via SHH-PTCH1-GLI1-mediated axonal guidance signaling, a neuronal development pathway previously considered for after-stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Linghua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yule Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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22
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Guo Q, Xuan MF, Luo ZB, Wang JX, Han SZ, Ri MH, Choe YG, Hwang KM, Yin XJ, Kang JD. Baicalin improves the in vitro developmental capacity of pig embryos by inhibiting apoptosis, regulating mitochondrial activity and activating sonic hedgehog signaling. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:538-549. [PMID: 31553448 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin, a traditional Chinese medicinal monomer whose chemical structure is known, can be used to treat female infertility. However, the effect of baicalin on embryonic development is unknown. This study investigated the effects of baicalin on in vitro development of parthenogenetically activated (PA) and in vitro fertilized (IVF) pig embryos and the underlying mechanisms involved. Treatment with 0.1 μg/ml baicalin significantly improved (P < 0.05) the in vitro developmental capacity of PA pig embryos by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis and increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP level. mRNA and protein expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH) and GLI1, which are related to the SHH signaling pathway, in PA pig embryos at the 2-cell stage, were significantly higher in the baicalin-treated group than in the control group. To confirm that the SHH signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism by which baicalin improves embryonic development, we treated embryos with baicalin in the absence or presence of cyclopamine (Cy), an inhibitor of this pathway. Cy abolished the effects of baicalin on in vitro embryonic development. In conclusion, baicalin improves the in vitro developmental capacity of PA and IVF pig embryos by inhibiting ROS production and apoptosis, regulating mitochondrial activity and activating SHH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Mei-Fu Xuan
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Myong-Hak Ri
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yong-Gyu Choe
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Kyung-Min Hwang
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
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23
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Sahinturk V, Kacar S, Sahin E, Aykanat NEB. Investigation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and sonic hedgehog pathway in diabetic liver injury in mice. Life Sci 2020; 246:117416. [PMID: 32035927 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes is a common metabolic disease which damages many organs including the liver and causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which originates from non-folded proteins. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway plays a role in liver regeneration and repair. To our knowledge, there is no study showing the relation between ER stress and Shh pathway in the liver in diabetes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between ER stress and Shh pathway in the liver of diabetic mice. MAIN METHODS Six groups of male mice were formed as control, diabetes (streptozotocine-treated), Shh activator (SAG-treated), Shh inhibitor (SANT1-treated), diabetes + SAG and diabetes + SANT1. At the end of the experiment, mice were weighed, anaesthetized and euthanized. Blood samples were collected, livers were excised and weighed. Thereafter, blood glucose, serum ALT and AST levels, TOS and TAC levels in liver tissue were measured. ER stress marker (GRP78) and Shh pathway molecules (Gli1 and Smo) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, H-score and western blot analyses. Besides, histopathological examination was performed. KEY FINDINGS Results showed that GRP78, Gli1 and Smo were increased in liver due to Type 1 diabetes. The SAG agent decreased GRP78 and increased Gli1 and Smo, leading to liver repair, while the inhibitor SANT1 increased GRP78 and decreased Gli1and Smo, causing progression of the liver stress induced by diabetes. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, the Shh pathway is related to ER stress and may provide a new strategy for its treatment, especially liver stress induced by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varol Sahinturk
- Ekisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Ekisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Erhan Sahin
- Ekisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Ezgi Bektur Aykanat
- Ekisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Eskisehir, Turkey
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24
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Clematichinenoside Facilitates Recovery of Neurological and Motor Function in Rats after Cerebral Ischemic Injury through Inhibiting Notch/NF-κB Pathway. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:104288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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25
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Giarretta I, Gaetani E, Bigossi M, Tondi P, Asahara T, Pola R. The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215270. [PMID: 31652910 PMCID: PMC6862352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) proteins are prototypical morphogens known to regulate epithelial/mesenchymal interactions during embryonic development. In addition to its pivotal role in embryogenesis, the Hh signaling pathway may be recapitulated in post-natal life in a number of physiological and pathological conditions, including ischemia. This review highlights the involvement of Hh signaling in ischemic tissue regeneration and angiogenesis, with particular attention to the heart, the brain, and the skeletal muscle. Updated information on the potential role of the Hh pathway as a therapeutic target in the ischemic condition is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Giarretta
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Gaetani
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Margherita Bigossi
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tondi
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Roberto Pola
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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26
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Gao Y, Li R, Sun H, Li J, He B, Xiao S, Li L, Wang J. Protective Effects of Oroxylin A on Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-Induced PC12 Cells by Activating the Sonic Hedgehog Signal Pathway. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19881544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of human death. The injury that is induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion in stroke remains unsolved. This study first investigated the effects of oroxylin A on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced PC12 cells. This was performed by dividing the cells into a control group, an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) group, a solvent control group, and experimental groups treated with different concentrations of oroxylin A. Cell viability was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Relevant indicators of oxidant stress were detected by using the appropriate kits. Western blot was applied to detect the expressions of inflammatory cytokine and proteins of the signaling pathway. Oroxylin A pretreatment exerted anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced PC12 cells, thus indicating it as a new avenue for stroke treatment and providing references for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Qujing City, China
| | - Rui Li
- Medical Department, First People’s Hospital of Qujing City, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Qujing City, China
| | - Jianmei Li
- Department of Hematology, First People’s Hospital of Qujing City, China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Qujing City, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Qujing City, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Qujing City, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Biological Laboratories, First People’s Hospital of Qujing City, China
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27
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Peng L, Yang C, Yin J, Ge M, Wang S, Zhang G, Zhang Q, Xu F, Dai Z, Xie L, Li Y, Si JQ, Ma K. TGF-β2 Induces Gli1 in a Smad3-Dependent Manner Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury After Isoflurane Post-conditioning in Rats. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:636. [PMID: 31297044 PMCID: PMC6608402 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflurane (ISO) post-conditioning attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanism is incompletely elucidated. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways govern a wide range of mechanisms in the central nervous system. We aimed to investigate the effect of the TGF-β2/Smad3 and sonic hedgehog (Shh)/Glioblastoma (Gli) signaling pathway and their crosstalk in the hippocampus of rats with ISO post-conditioning after cerebral I/R injury. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), 1.5 h occlusion and 24 h reperfusion (MCAO/R). To assess the effect of ISO after I/R injury, various approaches were used, including neurobehavioral tests, TTC staining, HE staining, Nissl staining, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence (IF), qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and Western blot. The ISO post-conditioning group (ISO group) received 1 h ISO post-conditioning when reperfusion was initiated, leading to lower infarct volumes and neurologic deficit scores, more surviving neurons, and less damaged and apoptotic neurons. IF staining, qRT-PCR and Western blot showed high expression levels of TGF-β2, Shh and Gli1 in the hippocampal CA1 of the ISO group. Phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3), Patched (Ptch), and Smoothed (Smo) were also increased at protein level in the ISO group, whereas total Smad3 expression did not change in all groups. When TGF-β2 inhibitor, pirfenidone, or Smad3 inhibitor, SIS3 HCl, were administered, the expression levels of p-Smad3 and Gli1 were reduced, and surviving pyramidal neurons decreased. By contrast, the expression levels of TGF-β2 and p-Smad3 did not change significantly after pre-injection of Smo inhibitor cyclopamine, but reduced the expression levels of Shh, Ptch, and Gli1. Moreover, Gli showed the lowest expression levels with pirfenidone combined with cyclopamine. These findings indicate that the TGF-β and hedgehog signaling pathways mediate the neuroprotection of ISO post-conditioning after cerebral I/R injury, and crosstalk between two pathways at the Gli1 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiangwen Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Mingyue Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guixing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qingtong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhigang Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Si
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ketao Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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28
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Peng L, Yin J, Ge M, Wang S, Xie L, Li Y, Si JQ, Ma K. Isoflurane Post-conditioning Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Enhancing Angiogenesis Through Activating the Shh/Gli Signaling Pathway in Rats. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:321. [PMID: 31024240 PMCID: PMC6465767 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Angiogenesis facilitates the formation of microvascular networks and promotes recovery after stroke. The Shh/Gli signaling pathway is implicated in angiogenesis and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed at investigating the influence of isoflurane (ISO) post-conditioning on brain lesions and angiogenesis after I/R injury. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), 1.5 h occlusion and 24 h reperfusion (MCAO/R). The ISO post-conditioning group (ISO group) received 1 h ISO post-conditioning when reperfusion was initiated. Neurobehavioral tests, TTC staining, HE staining, Nissl staining, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry (IH) and Western blot were performed to assess the effect of ISO after I/R injury. Results: ISO post-conditioning resulted in lower infarct volumes and neurologic deficit scores, higher rate of neurons survival, and less damaged and apoptotic cells after cerebral I/R injury in rats. Meanwhile, ISO post-conditioning significantly increased the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 in the ischemic penumbra, relative to that in the Sham and I/R groups. However, cyclopamine, the specific inhibitor of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, decreased the expression levels of VEGF and CD34, and counteracted the protective effects of ISO post-conditioning against I/R injury in rats. Conclusions: ISO post-conditioning enhances angiogenesis in vivo partly via the Shh/Gli signaling pathway. Thus, Shh/Gli may represent new therapeutic targets for aiding recovery from stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiangwen Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Mingyue Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Si
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University and The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, China
| | - Ketao Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University and The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, China
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29
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Niu X, Jiang X, Xu G, Zheng G, Tang Z, Yin N, Li X, Yang Y, Lv P. DL‐3‐
n
‐butylphthalide alleviates vascular cognitive impairment by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and the Shh/Ptch1 signaling‐pathway in rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12604-12614. [PMID: 30306574 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Li Niu
- Department of Neurology Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China
- Department of Neurology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang China
| | - Guo‐Dong Xu
- Department of Neurology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang China
| | - Gui‐Min Zheng
- Department of Neurology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang China
| | - Zhi‐Peng Tang
- Department of Neurology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang China
| | - Nan Yin
- Department of Neurology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang China
| | - Xiu‐Qin Li
- Department of Neurology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang China
| | - Yan‐Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang China
| | - Pei‐Yuan Lv
- Department of Neurology Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China
- Department of Neurology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang China
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30
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The Neuroprotective Roles of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Stroke. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2199-2211. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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31
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Chen SD, Yang JL, Hwang WC, Yang DI. Emerging Roles of Sonic Hedgehog in Adult Neurological Diseases: Neurogenesis and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082423. [PMID: 30115884 PMCID: PMC6121355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a member of the hedgehog (Hh) family, was originally recognized as a morphogen possessing critical characters for neural development during embryogenesis. Recently, however, Shh has emerged as an important modulator in adult neural tissues through different mechanisms such as neurogenesis, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and autophagy. Therefore, Shh may potentially have clinical application in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries. In this article, we present some examples, including ours, to show different aspects of Shh signaling and how Shh agonists or mimetics are used to alter the neuronal fates in various disease models, both in vitro and in vivo. Other potential mechanisms that are discussed include alteration of mitochondrial function and anti-aging effect; both are critical for age-related neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough understanding of the protective mechanisms elicited by Shh may provide a rationale to design innovative therapeutic regimens for various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chao Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 11556, Taiwan.
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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Blockade of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates post-ischemic neuronal hyperexcitation and confers resilience against stroke with TrkB activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:118. [PMID: 29311641 PMCID: PMC5758800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition and deletion of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has been suggested to ameliorate infarction in experimental ischemic stroke possibly via vasoactive epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. However, it is unknown whether the neuroprotective mechanisms involve alteration of post-ischemic neuronal transmission and neurotrophic signaling. We used a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in adult wild-type mice with the sEH inhibitor 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)dodecanoic acid (AUDA) post-treatment and in sEH knockout (sEH KO) mice. We found that sensorimotor recovery was significantly enhanced after MCAO in both AUDA-treated and sEH KO mice, with decreased sEH activity and brain infarction. Decreased post-ischemic long-term potentiation (iLTP) was observed in an ex vivo hippocampal oxygen-glucose deprivation model. Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation, rather than glutamate receptor alteration, was consistently found after the different manipulations. Immunohistochemistry further revealed peri-infarct neuronal TrkB activation and microvasculature augmentation in AUDA-treated and sEH KO mice, suggesting parallel neurovascular enhancement. Mechanistically, pretreatment with a selective TrkB antagonist ANA12 countered the effect of iLTP attenuation induced by sEH deletion ex vivo and abolished the infarct reduction in vivo. Together, the neuroprotective effects of sEH inhibition and gene deletion can both be mediated partially via enhancement of TrkB signaling which attenuated post-ischemic neuroexcitation and neurological deficits.
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Rowsey TG, Karamichos D. The role of lipids in corneal diseases and dystrophies: a systematic review. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:30. [PMID: 28782089 PMCID: PMC5552625 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal diseases are an extensive cause of blindness worldwide and continue to persist as a challenging public health concern. Recently, various lipid-based therapies have been advocated for the modulation of corneal diseases; however, the number of studies is still very limited. Here we focus on developments and challenges on lipid-based therapies for dry eye disease, diabetic neuropathy, and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. All three diseases are highly prevalent conditions and involve corneal stress and inflammation. Lipid-based therapeutics discussed includes cyclooxygenase inhibitors, essential fatty acids, and resolvin analogs. Lipids also show increasing promise as biomarkers of disease and are explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G. Rowsey
- University of Oklahoma, College of Medicine, Norman, OK USA
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
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Kim EC, Toyono T, Berlinicke CA, Zack DJ, Jurkunas U, Usui T, Jun AS. Screening and Characterization of Drugs That Protect Corneal Endothelial Cells Against Unfolded Protein Response and Oxidative Stress. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:892-900. [PMID: 28159976 PMCID: PMC5295784 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To screen for and characterize compounds that protect corneal endothelial cells against unfolded protein response (UPR) and oxidative stress. Methods Bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCECs) were treated for 48 hours with 640 compounds from a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library and then challenged with thapsigargin or H2O2 to induce UPR or oxidative stress, respectively. Cell viability was measured using the CellTiter-Glo survival assay. Selected “hits” were subjected to further dose-response testing, and their ability to modulate expression of UPR and oxidative stress markers was assessed by RT-PCR, Western blot, and measurement of protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adducts in immortalized human corneal endothelial cells (iHCECs). Results Forty-one drugs at 20 μM and 55 drugs at 100 μM increased survival of H2O2-challenged cells, and 8 drugs at 20 μM and 2 drugs at 100 μM increased survival of thapsigargin-challenged cells, compared with untreated control cells. Nicergoline, ergothioneine, nimesulide, oxotremorine, and mefenamic acid increased survival of both H2O2- and thapsigargin-challenged cells. Oxotremorine altered DNA damage inducible 3 (CHOP) gene expression, glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) protein expression, and protein carbonyl and 8-OHdG levels. Mefenamic acid altered GRP78 protein expression and protein carbonyl and 8-OHdG levels. Conclusions Oxotremorine and mefenamic acid are potential survival factors for corneal endothelial cells under UPR and oxidative stress. The described assay can be further expanded to screen additional drugs for potential therapeutic effect in corneal endothelial diseases such as Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Chul Kim
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tetsuya Toyono
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States 3Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cynthia A Berlinicke
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Donald J Zack
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States 4Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Neuroscience, and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ula Jurkunas
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tomohiko Usui
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Albert S Jun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Hui Z, Sha DJ, Wang SL, Li CS, Qian J, Wang JQ, Zhao Y, Zhang JH, Cheng HY, Yang H, Yu LJ, Xu Y. Panaxatriol saponins promotes angiogenesis and enhances cerebral perfusion after ischemic stroke in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:70. [PMID: 28114983 PMCID: PMC5259846 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Panaxatriol saponins (PTS), an extract from the traditional Chinese herb Panax notoginseng, which has been used to treat ischemic stroke for many years in China. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of PTS remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether PTS can protect against ischemic brain injury by promoting angiogenesis and to explore the possible mechanism by which it promotes angiogenesis. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in rats, and neurological deficit scores and brain infarct volumes were assessed. Micro-Positron emission tomography (PET) was adopted to assess cerebral perfusion, and real-time PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate vascular growth factor and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway component levels. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine capillary densities in ischemic penumbrae. Results We showed that PTS improved neurological function and reduced infarct volumes in MCAO rats. Micro-PET indicated that PTS can significantly increase 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-PDG) uptake by ischemic brain tissue and enhance cerebral perfusion after MCAO surgery. Moreover, PTS was able to increase capillary densities and enhance angiogenesis in ischemic boundary zones and up-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) expression by activating the Shh signaling pathway. Conclusion These findings indicate that PTS exerts protective effects against cerebral ischemic injury by enhancing angiogenesis and improving microperfusion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1579-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hu Q, Li T, Wang L, Xie Y, Liu S, Bai X, Zhang T, Bo S, Xin D, Xue H, Li G, Wang Z. Neuroprotective Effects of a Smoothened Receptor Agonist against Early Brain Injury after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 10:306. [PMID: 28149272 PMCID: PMC5241312 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in the central nervous system (CNS) development, but its effects on neural cell survival and brain repair after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been well-investigated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of an agonist of the Shh co-receptor Smoothened (Smo), purmorphamine (PUR), on early brain injury (EBI) as well as the underlying mechanisms after SAH. PUR was administered via an intraperitoneal injection with a dose of 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/kg at 2, 6, 24, and 46 h after SAH in rat model. The results showed that PUR treatment significantly ameliorated brain edema, improved neurobehavioral function, and attenuated neuronal cell death in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), associated with a decrease in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and suppression of caspase-3 activation at 48 h after SAH. PUR also promoted phospho-ERK levels. Additionally, PUR treatment markedly decreased MDA concentration accompanied with the elevation in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 in PFC. Notably, PUR treatment significantly reversed the changes of Shh pathway mediators containing Patched, Gli1, and Shh by SAH insult, and the neuroprotection of PUR on SAH was blocked by Smo antagonist cyclopamine. These results indicated that PUR exerts neuroprotection against SAH-evoked injury in rats, mediated in part by anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant mechanism, up-regulating phospho-ERK levels, mediating Shh signaling molecules in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Central HospitalTaian, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Yunkai Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Shishi Bo
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Danqing Xin
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
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Patel SS, Tomar S, Sharma D, Mahindroo N, Udayabanu M. Targeting sonic hedgehog signaling in neurological disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 74:76-97. [PMID: 28088536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling influences neurogenesis and neural patterning during the development of central nervous system. Dysregulation of Shh signaling in brain leads to neurological disorders like autism spectrum disorder, depression, dementia, stroke, Parkinson's diseases, Huntington's disease, locomotor deficit, epilepsy, demyelinating disease, neuropathies as well as brain tumors. The synthesis, processing and transport of Shh ligand as well as the localization of its receptors and signal transduction in the central nervous system has been carefully reviewed. Further, we summarize the regulation of small molecule modulators of Shh pathway with potential in neurological disorders. In conclusion, further studies are warranted to demonstrate the potential of positive and negative regulators of the Shh pathway in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita Sharan Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Tomar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Post Box 9, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Diksha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Post Box 9, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Mahindroo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Post Box 9, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Malairaman Udayabanu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Yao PJ, Petralia RS, Mattson MP. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling and Hippocampal Neuroplasticity. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:840-850. [PMID: 27865563 PMCID: PMC5148655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a secreted protein that controls the patterning of neural progenitor cells, and their neuronal and glial progeny, during development. Emerging findings suggest that Shh also has important roles in the formation and plasticity of neuronal circuits in the hippocampus, a brain region of fundamental importance in learning and memory. Shh mediates activity-dependent and injury-induced hippocampal neurogenesis. Activation of Shh receptors in the dendrites of hippocampal neurons engages a trans-neuronal signaling pathway that accelerates axon outgrowth and enhances glutamate release from presynaptic terminals. Impaired Shh signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of several developmental and adult-onset neurological disorders that affect the hippocampus, suggesting a potential for therapeutic interventions that target Shh pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Yao
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Chew LJ, DeBoy CA. Pharmacological approaches to intervention in hypomyelinating and demyelinating white matter pathology. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:605-625. [PMID: 26116759 PMCID: PMC4690794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
White matter disease afflicts both developing and mature central nervous systems. Both cell intrinsic and extrinsic dysregulation result in profound changes in cell survival, axonal metabolism and functional performance. Experimental models of developmental white matter (WM) injury and demyelination have not only delineated mechanisms of signaling and inflammation, but have also paved the way for the discovery of pharmacological approaches to intervention. These reagents have been shown to enhance protection of the mature oligodendrocyte cell, accelerate progenitor cell recruitment and/or differentiation, or attenuate pathological stimuli arising from the inflammatory response to injury. Here we highlight reports of studies in the CNS in which compounds, namely peptides, hormones, and small molecule agonists/antagonists, have been used in experimental animal models of demyelination and neonatal brain injury that affect aspects of excitotoxicity, oligodendrocyte development and survival, and progenitor cell function, and which have been demonstrated to attenuate damage and improve WM protection in experimental models of injury. The molecular targets of these agents include growth factor and neurotransmitter receptors, morphogens and their signaling components, nuclear receptors, as well as the processes of iron transport and actin binding. By surveying the current evidence in non-immune targets of both the immature and mature WM, we aim to better understand pharmacological approaches modulating endogenous oligodendroglia that show potential for success in the contexts of developmental and adult WM pathology. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Oligodendrocytes in Health and Disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jin Chew
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Cynthia A DeBoy
- Biology Department, Trinity Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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40
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Polydatin ameliorates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing apoptosis and oxidative stress through activating sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:215-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Regenerative repair of Pifithrin-α in cerebral ischemia via VEGF dependent manner. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26295. [PMID: 27212231 PMCID: PMC4876321 DOI: 10.1038/srep26295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoting regenerative repair, including neurogenesis and angiogenesis, may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of stroke. P53, a well-documented transcription factor, has been reported to be involved in cerebral ischemia and also serves as an important regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, the role of p53 in endogenous regenerative repair after brain ischemia is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of PFT-α, a specific p53 inhibitor on neurogenesis and angiogenesis improvement and associated signal pathways in rats impaired by cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). PFT-α induced neuroprotection, reduced infarct volume and neurological functional impairment after ischemic stroke. More importantly, neurogenesis and angiogenesis were greatly enhanced by PFT-α, and accompanied by increased expression of VEGF. Moreover, we got consistent results in neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from fetal rats. In contrast, application of the anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody (RB-222) partially reversed PFT-α-induced neuroprotection and rescued p53 expression. Noteworthily, inhibition of p53 after ischemic stroke in these rats improved their outcomes via promotion of regenerative repair. In conclusion, PFT-α could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke by promoting regenerative repair.
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Yu P, Wang L, Tang F, Zeng L, Zhou L, Song X, Jia W, Chen J, Yang Q. Resveratrol Pretreatment Decreases Ischemic Injury and Improves Neurological Function Via Sonic Hedgehog Signaling After Stroke in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:212-226. [PMID: 26738852 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol has neuroprotective effects for ischemic cerebral stroke. However, its neuroprotective mechanism for stroke is less well understood. Beneficial actions of the activated Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in stroke, such as improving neurological function, promoting neurogenesis, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and pro-angiogenic effects, have been noted, but relatively little is known about the role of Shh signaling in resveratrol-reduced cerebral ischemic injury after stroke. The present study tests whether the Shh pathway mediates resveratrol to decrease cerebral ischemic injury and improve neurological function after stroke. We observed that resveratrol pretreatment significantly improved neurological function, decreased infarct volume, enhanced vitality, and reduced apoptosis of neurons in vivo and vitro after stroke. Meanwhile, expression levels of Shh, Ptc-1, Smo, and Gli-1 mRNAs were significantly upregulated and Gli-1 was relocated to the nucleus. Intriguingly, in vivo and in vitro inhibition of the Shh signaling pathway with cyclopamine, a Smo inhibitor, completely reversed the above effects of resveratrol. These results suggest that decreased cerebral ischemic injury and improved neurological function by resveratrol may be mediated by the Shh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanren Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Luling Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaosong Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Jixiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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Tsai MJ, Tsai SK, Huang MC, Liou DY, Huang SL, Hsieh WH, Huang WC, Huang SS, Cheng H. Acidic FGF promotes neurite outgrowth of cortical neurons and improves neuroprotective effect in a cerebral ischemic rat model. Neuroscience 2015; 305:238-47. [PMID: 26241340 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is a neurotrophic factor which is a powerful neuroprotective and neuroregenerative factor of the nervous system. Prior study had shown that levels of FGFs significantly increase following ischemic injury, reflecting a physiological protection mechanism. However, few reports demonstrated the efficacy of applying aFGF in cerebral ischemia. A recent report showed that the intranasal aFGF treatment improved neurological functional recovery; however, it did not significantly reduce the lesion size in ischemic rats. The present study examines the neuroprotective effect of aFGF on cortical neuron-glial cultures under oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell damage and investigates whether epidural application of slow-released aFGF could improve benefit on ischemic stroke injury in conscious rats. We used a topical application of aFGF mixed in fibrin glue, a slow-release carrier, over the peri-ischemic cortex and examined such treatment on cerebral infarction and behavioral impairments of rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia (FCI). Results demonstrate that aFGF effectively protected cortical neuron-glial cultures from OGD-induced neuronal damage. Neurite extension from cortical neurons was significantly enhanced by aFGF, mediated through activation of AKT and ERK. In addition, topical application of fibrin glue-mixed aFGF dose-dependently reduced ischemia-induced brain infarction and improved functional restoration in ischemic stroke rats. Slow-released aFGF not only protected hippocampal and cortical cell loss but reduced microglial infiltration in FCI rats. Our results suggest that aFGF mixed in fibrin glue could prolong the protective/regenerative efficacy of aFGF to the damaged brain tissue and thus improve the functional restorative effect of aFGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Center for Neural Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - S K Tsai
- Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - M C Huang
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Center for Neural Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - D Y Liou
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - S L Huang
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - W H Hsieh
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - W C Huang
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Center for Neural Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - S S Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - H Cheng
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Center for Neural Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chechneva OV, Deng W. Empowering sonic hedgehog to rescue brain cells after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:360-2. [PMID: 25878576 PMCID: PMC4396090 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.153677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Chechneva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA ; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, 2425 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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45
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A Smoothened receptor agonist is neuroprotective and promotes regeneration after ischemic brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1481. [PMID: 25341035 PMCID: PMC4649529 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs as a result of blood supply interruption to the brain causing tissue degeneration, patient disabilities or death. Currently, treatment of ischemic stroke is limited to thrombolytic therapy with a narrow time window of administration. The sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway has a fundamental role in the central nervous system development, but its impact on neural cell survival and tissue regeneration/repair after ischemic stroke has not been well investigated. Here we report the neuroprotective properties of a small-molecule agonist of the Shh co-receptor Smoothened, purmorphamine (PUR), in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke. We found that intravenous administration of PUR at 6 h after injury was neuroprotective and restored neurological deficit after stroke. PUR promoted a transient upregulation of tissue-type plasminogen activator in injured neurons, which was associated with a reduction of apoptotic cell death in the ischemic cortex. We also observed a decrease in blood–brain barrier permeability after PUR treatment. At 14 d postinjury, attenuation of inflammation and reactive astrogliosis was found in PUR-treated animals. PUR increased the number of newly generated neurons in the peri-infarct and infarct area and promoted neovascularization in the ischemic zone. Notably, PUR treatment did not significantly alter the ischemia-induced level of Gli1, a Shh target gene of tumorigenic potential. Thus our study reports a novel pharmacological approach for postischemic treatment using a small-molecule Shh agonist, providing new insights into hedgehog signaling-mediated mechanisms of neuroprotection and regeneration after stroke.
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Corvino V, Marchese E, Podda MV, Lattanzi W, Giannetti S, Di Maria V, Cocco S, Grassi C, Michetti F, Geloso MC. The neurogenic effects of exogenous neuropeptide Y: early molecular events and long-lasting effects in the hippocampus of trimethyltin-treated rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88294. [PMID: 24516629 PMCID: PMC3917853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of endogenous neurogenesis is regarded as a promising challenge in neuroprotection. In the rat model of hippocampal neurodegeneration obtained by Trimethyltin (TMT) administration (8 mg/kg), characterised by selective pyramidal cell loss, enhanced neurogenesis, seizures and cognitive impairment, we previously demonstrated a proliferative role of exogenous neuropeptide Y (NPY), on dentate progenitors in the early phases of neurodegeneration. To investigate the functional integration of newly-born neurons, here we studied in adult rats the long-term effects of intracerebroventricular administration of NPY (2 µg/2 µl, 4 days after TMT-treatment), which plays an adjuvant role in neurodegeneration and epilepsy. Our results indicate that 30 days after NPY administration the number of new neurons was still higher in TMT+NPY-treated rats than in control+saline group. As a functional correlate of the integration of new neurons into the hippocampal network, long-term potentiation recorded in Dentate Gyrus (DG) in the absence of GABAA receptor blockade was higher in the TMT+NPY-treated group than in all other groups. Furthermore, qPCR analysis of Kruppel-like factor 9, a transcription factor essential for late-phase maturation of neurons in the DG, and of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5, critically involved in the maturation and dendrite extension of newly-born neurons, revealed a significant up-regulation of both genes in TMT+NPY-treated rats compared with all other groups. To explore the early molecular events activated by NPY administration, the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway, which participates in the maintenance of the neurogenic hippocampal niche, was evaluated by qPCR 1, 3 and 5 days after NPY-treatment. An early significant up-regulation of Shh expression was detected in TMT+NPY-treated rats compared with all other groups, associated with a modulation of downstream genes. Our data indicate that the neurogenic effect of NPY administration during TMT-induced neurodegeneration involves early Shh pathway activation and results in a functional integration of newly-generated neurons into the local circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Corvino
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marchese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Podda
- Institute of Human Physiology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Maria
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cocco
- Institute of Human Physiology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Recovery of neurological function of ischemic stroke by application of conditioned medium of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from normal and cerebral ischemia rats. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:5. [PMID: 24447306 PMCID: PMC3922747 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) release bioactive factors and provide neuroprotection for CNS injury. However, it remains elusive whether BM-MSC derived from healthy donors or stroke patients provides equal therapeutic potential. The present work aims to characterize BM-MSC prepared from normal healthy rats (NormBM-MSC) and cerebral ischemia rats (IschBM-MSC), and examine the effects of their conditioned medium (Cm) on ischemic stroke animal model. Results Isolated NormBM-MSC or IschBM-MSC formed fibroblastic like morphology and expressed CD29, CD90 and CD44 but failed to express the hematopoietic marker CD34. The number of colony formation of BM-MSC was more abundant in IschBM-MSC than in NormBM-MSC. This is in contrast to the amount of Ficoll-fractionated mononuclear cells from normal donor and ischemic rats. The effect of cm of BM-MSC was further examined in cultures and in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) animal model. Both NormBM-MSC Cm and IschBM-MSC Cm effectively increased neuronal connection and survival in mixed neuron-glial cultures. In vivo, intravenous infusion of NormBM-MSC Cm and IschBM-MSC Cm after stroke onset remarkably improved functional recovery. Furthermore, NormBM-MSC Cm and IschBM-MSC Cm increased neurogenesis and attenuated microglia/ macrophage infiltration in MCAo rat brains. Conclusions Our data suggest equal effectiveness of BM-MSC Cm derived from ischemic animals or from a normal population. Our results thus revealed the potential of BM-MSC Cm on treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Li T, Zhang J, Liu RY, Lian ZG, Chen XL, Ma L, Sun HM, Zhao YL. The role of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 552:81-6. [PMID: 23933201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway plays a neuro-protective role. However, whether the Shh pathway is induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been investigated. We sought to investigate Shh activation in the cortex in the early stage of SAH, and assessed the effect of cyclopamine (a specific inhibitor of the Shh pathway) on Shh pathway regulation and evaluated the impact of cyclopamine on SAH. We found that the Shh pathway was up-regulated in the cortex after SAH, and that blocking the Shh pathway increased cell apoptosis. Early brain damages, including brain edema, blood-brain barrier impairment, and cortical apoptosis were significantly aggravated following with cyclopamine treatment compared with vehicle treatment. Our results suggest that the Shh pathway should be activated in the brain after SAH, and plays a beneficial role in SAH development, possibly by inhibiting cerebral oxidative stress through induction of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; The First Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, PR China
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