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Liao S, Chen Y, Luo Y, Zhang M, Min J. The phenotypic changes of Schwann cells promote the functional repair of nerve injury. Neuropeptides 2024; 106:102438. [PMID: 38749170 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Functional recovery after nerve injury is a significant challenge due to the complex nature of nerve injury repair and the non-regeneration of neurons. Schwann cells (SCs), play a crucial role in the nerve injury repair process because of their high plasticity, secretion, and migration abilities. Upon nerve injury, SCs undergo a phenotypic change and redifferentiate into a repair phenotype, which helps in healing by recruiting phagocytes, removing myelin fragments, promoting axon regeneration, and facilitating myelin formation. However, the repair phenotype can be unstable, limiting the effectiveness of the repair. Recent research has found that transplantation of SCs can be an effective treatment option, therefore, it is essential to comprehend the phenotypic changes of SCs and clarify the related mechanisms to develop the transplantation therapy further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Yin Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Jun Min
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China.
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Guo X, Li J, Wu Y, Xu L. Recent advancements in hydrogels as novel tissue engineering scaffolds for dental pulp regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130708. [PMID: 38460622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Although conventional root canal treatment offers an effective therapeutic solution, it negatively affects the viability of the affected tooth. In recent years, pulp regeneration technology has emerged as a novel method for treating irreversible pulpitis due to its ability to maintain tooth vitality. The successful implementation of this technique depends on scaffolds and transplantation of exogenous stem cells or recruitment of endogenous stem cells. Accordingly, the three-dimensional structure and viscoelastic characteristics of hydrogel scaffolds, which parallel those of the extracellular matrix, have generated considerable interest. Furthermore, hydrogels support the controlled release of regenerative drugs and to load a wide variety of bioactive molecules. By integrating antibacterial agents into the hydrogel matrix and stimulating an immune response, root canal disinfection can be significantly improved and the rate of pulp regeneration can be accelerated. This review aims to provide an overview of the clinical applications of hydrogels that have been reported in the last 5 years, and offer a comprehensive summary of the different approaches that have been utilized for the optimization of hydrogel scaffolds for pulp regeneration. Advancements and challenges in pulp regeneration using hydrogels treating aged teeth are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Guo
- Xiangya Shool of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Laijun Xu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; School of Stomatology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China.
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Yashchyshyn ZM, Kreminska IB, Medynskyi MI, Fedorak VM, Ziablitsev SV, Diadyk OO, Fedoniuk LY. TISSUE EXPRESSION OF NEURONAL PROTEINS DURING SCIATIC NERVE REGENERATION AND INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SPECTRUM LASER RADIATION. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2023; 51:112-119. [PMID: 37254757 DOI: 10.36740/merkur202302102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To determine the effect of laser irradiation of different spectrum on the expression of neuronal proteins (GFAP, S100, NSE and NF-L) in the sciatic nerve during its regeneration after crossing and surgical suturing. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: The experiment was performed on 60 laboratory rats of the Wistar line (200-250 g) with crossing of the left sciatic nerve and sutur¬ing with an epineural suture end to end 30 minutes after neurotomy. 90 days later, an immunohistochemical study was performed using specific antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific; USA). RESULTS Results: A study of the marker of non-myelin Schwann GFAP cells showed their pronounced activation with germination in nerve thickness and the formation of weaves of processes around regenerated nerve fibers. The number of S-100-positive myelin Schwann cells decreased, the heterogeneity of their color and the loss of processes were determined. It showed a general decrease in the intensity of NSE- and NF-L-positive staining of nerve fibers regenerated after neurotomy, which was less pronounced when irradiated with a laser with a wavelength of 450-480 nm and 520 nm. CONCLUSION Conclusions: In general, the use of laser radiation had a positive effect on the repair of nerve fibers after neurotomy. According to the immunohistochemical study of neuromarkers, the effect of laser irradiation of the blue spectrum was the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iryna B Kreminska
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
| | | | | | | | - Olena O Diadyk
- V.SHUPYK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH CARE OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
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Zochodne DW. Growth factors and molecular-driven plasticity in neurological systems. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:569-598. [PMID: 37620091 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been almost 70 years since the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF), a period of a dramatic evolution in our understanding of dynamic growth, regeneration, and rewiring of the nervous system. In 1953, the extraordinary finding that a protein found in mouse submandibular glands generated a halo of outgrowing axons has now redefined our concept of the nervous system connectome. Central and peripheral neurons and their axons or dendrites are no longer considered fixed or static "wiring." Exploiting this molecular-driven plasticity as a therapeutic approach has arrived in the clinic with a slate of new trials and ideas. Neural growth factors (GFs), soluble proteins that alter the behavior of neurons, have expanded in numbers and our understanding of the complexity of their signaling and interactions with other proteins has intensified. However, beyond these "extrinsic" determinants of neuron growth and function are the downstream pathways that impact neurons, ripe for translational development and potentially more important than individual growth factors that may trigger them. Persistent and ongoing nuances in clinical trial design in some of the most intractable and irreversible neurological conditions give hope for connecting new biological ideas with clinical benefits. This review is a targeted update on neural GFs, their signals, and new therapeutic ideas, selected from an expansive literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Juckett L, Saffari TM, Ormseth B, Senger JL, Moore AM. The Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Nerve Regeneration Following Peripheral Nerve Injury. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121856. [PMID: 36551285 PMCID: PMC9775635 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are common and often result in lifelong disability. The peripheral nervous system has an inherent ability to regenerate following injury, yet complete functional recovery is rare. Despite advances in the diagnosis and repair of PNIs, many patients suffer from chronic pain, and sensory and motor dysfunction. One promising surgical adjunct is the application of intraoperative electrical stimulation (ES) to peripheral nerves. ES acts through second messenger cyclic AMP to augment the intrinsic molecular pathways of regeneration. Decades of animal studies have demonstrated that 20 Hz ES delivered post-surgically accelerates axonal outgrowth and end organ reinnervation. This work has been translated clinically in a series of randomized clinical trials, which suggest that ES can be used as an efficacious therapy to improve patient outcomes following PNIs. The aim of this review is to discuss the cellular physiology and the limitations of regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries. The proposed mechanisms of ES protocols and how they facilitate nerve regeneration depending on timing of administration are outlined. Finally, future directions of research that may provide new perspectives on the optimal delivery of ES following PNI are discussed.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review advances in the diagnostic evaluation and management of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries. RECENT FINDINGS Serial multimodal assessment of peripheral nerve injuries facilitates assessment of spontaneous axonal regeneration and selection of appropriate patients for early surgical intervention. Novel surgical and rehabilitative approaches have been developed to complement established strategies, particularly in the area of nerve grafting, targeted rehabilitation strategies and interventions to promote nerve regeneration. However, several management challenges remain, including incomplete reinnervation, traumatic neuroma development, maladaptive central remodeling and management of fatigue, which compromise functional recovery. SUMMARY Innovative approaches to the assessment and treatment of peripheral nerve injuries hold promise in improving the degree of functional recovery; however, this remains a complex and evolving area.
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Poitras T, Zochodne DW. Unleashing Intrinsic Growth Pathways in Regenerating Peripheral Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13566. [PMID: 36362354 PMCID: PMC9654452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Common mechanisms of peripheral axon regeneration are recruited following diverse forms of damage to peripheral nerve axons. Whether the injury is traumatic or disease related neuropathy, reconnection of axons to their targets is required to restore function. Supporting peripheral axon regrowth, while not yet available in clinics, might be accomplished from several directions focusing on one or more of the complex stages of regrowth. Direct axon support, with follow on participation of supporting Schwann cells is one approach, emphasized in this review. However alternative approaches might include direct support of Schwann cells that instruct axons to regrow, manipulation of the inflammatory milieu to prevent ongoing bystander axon damage, or use of inflammatory cytokines as growth factors. Axons may be supported by a growing list of growth factors, extending well beyond the classical neurotrophin family. The understanding of growth factor roles continues to expand but their impact experimentally and in humans has faced serious limitations. The downstream signaling pathways that impact neuron growth have been exploited less frequently in regeneration models and rarely in human work, despite their promise and potency. Here we review the major regenerative signaling cascades that are known to influence adult peripheral axon regeneration. Within these pathways there are major checkpoints or roadblocks that normally check unwanted growth, but are an impediment to robust growth after injury. Several molecular roadblocks, overlapping with tumour suppressor systems in oncology, operate at the level of the perikarya. They have impacts on overall neuron plasticity and growth. A second approach targets proteins that largely operate at growth cones. Addressing both sites might offer synergistic benefits to regrowing neurons. This review emphasizes intrinsic aspects of adult peripheral axon regeneration, emphasizing several molecular barriers to regrowth that have been studied in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas W. Zochodne
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
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Myelination, axonal loss and Schwann cell characteristics in axonal polyneuropathy compared to controls. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259654. [PMID: 34735549 PMCID: PMC8568174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polyneuropathy is a debilitating condition characterized by distal sensory and motor deficits. Schwann cell dysfunction and axonal loss are integral factors in pathophysiology and disease progression of polyneuropathy. Aims The aim of this study was the assessment of Schwann cell characteristics, nerve fibers and myelination parameters in polyneuropathy patients compared to controls. Methods Nerve tissue was obtained from polyneuropathy patients (n = 10) undergoing diagnostic sural nerve biopsies. Biopsies of healthy peripheral nerves (n = 5) were harvested during elective sural nerve grafting for chronic peripheral nerve lesions. Exclusion criteria for the healthy control group were recent neurological trauma, diabetes, neurological and cardiovascular disease, as well as active malignancies and cytotoxic medication within the last 12 months. The over-all architecture of nerve sections and myelination parameters were histomorphometrically analyzed. Immunofluorescent imaging was used to evaluate Schwann cell phenotypes, senescence markers and myelination parameters. Results Histomorphometric analysis of nerve biopsies showed significant axonal loss in polyneuropathy patients compared to controls, which was in accordance with the neuropathological findings. Immunofluorescent staining of Schwann cells and myelin basic protein indicated a significant impairment of myelination and lower Schwann cell counts compared to controls. Phenotypic alterations and increased numbers of non-myelinating p75-positive Schwann cells were found in polyneuropathy patients. Discussion This study provided quantitative data of axonal loss, reduced myelination and Schwann cell dysfunction of polyneuropathy patients compared to neurologically healthy controls. Phenotypic alterations of Schwann cells were similar to those seen after peripheral nerve injury, highlighting the clinical relevance of Schwann cell dysfunction.
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Sohn EJ, Nam YK, Park HT. Involvement of the miR-363-5p/P2RX4 Axis in Regulating Schwann Cell Phenotype after Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111601. [PMID: 34769029 PMCID: PMC8584002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been studied in the peripheral nervous system, their function in Schwann cells remains elusive. In this study, we performed a microRNA array analysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-induced differentiated primary Schwann cells. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the target genes showed that upregulated miRNAs (mR212-5p, miR335, miR20b-5p, miR146b-3p, and miR363-5p) were related to the calcium signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and central carbon metabolism in cancer. Several key factors, such as purinergic receptors (P2X), guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha (GNAL), P2RX5, P2RX3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 (ITPR2; calcium signaling pathway) are potential targets of miRNAs regulating cAMP. Our analysis revealed that miRNAs were differentially expressed in cAMP-treated Schwann cells; miRNA363-5p was upregulated and directly targeted the P2X purinoceptor 4 (P2RX4)-UTR, reducing the luciferase activity of P2RX4. The expression of miRNA363-5p was inhibited and the expression of P2RX4 was upregulated in sciatic nerve injury. In contrast, miRNA363-5p expression was upregulated and P2RX4 expression was downregulated during postnatal development. Of note, a P2RX4 antagonist counteracted myelin degradation after nerve injury and increased pERK and c-Jun expression. Interestingly, a P2RX4 antagonist increased the levels of miRNA363-5p. This study suggests that a double-negative feedback loop between miRNA363-5p and P2RX4 contributes to the dedifferentiation and migration of Schwann cells after nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Sohn
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Korea; (Y.-K.N.); (H.-T.P.)
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-051-510-8433; Fax: +82-051-247-3318
| | - Yun-Kyeong Nam
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Korea; (Y.-K.N.); (H.-T.P.)
| | - Hwan-Tae Park
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Korea; (Y.-K.N.); (H.-T.P.)
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Sawada H, Kurimoto S, Tokutake K, Saeki S, Hirata H. Optimal conditions for graft survival and reinnervation of denervated muscles after embryonic motoneuron transplantation into peripheral nerves undergoing Wallerian degeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:763-775. [PMID: 34030216 DOI: 10.1002/term.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Motoneuron transplantation into peripheral nerves undergoing Wallerian degeneration may have applications in treating diseases causing muscle paralysis. We investigated whether functional reinnervation of denervated muscle could be achieved by early or delayed transplantation after denervation. Adult rats were assigned to six groups with increasing denervation periods (0, 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks) before inoculation with culture medium containing (transplantation group) or lacking (surgical control group) dissociated embryonic motoneurons into the peroneal nerve. Electrophysiological and tissue analyses were performed 3 months after transplantation. Reinnervation of denervated muscles significantly increased relative muscle weight in the transplantation group compared with the surgical control group for denervation periods of 1 week (0.042% ± 0.0031% vs. 0.032% ± 0.0020%, respectively; p = 0.009), 4 weeks (0.044% ± 0.0069% vs. 0.026% ± 0.0045%, respectively; p = 0.0023), and 8 weeks (0.044% ± 0.0029% vs. 0.026% ± 0.0008%, respectively; p = 0.0023). The ratios of reinnervated muscle contractile forces to naïve muscle in the 0, 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks transplantation groups were 3.79%, 18.99%, 8.05%, 6.30%, and 5.80%, respectively, indicating that these forces were sufficient for walking. The optimal implantation time for transplantation of motoneurons into the peripheral nerve was 1 week after nerve transection. However, the neurons transplanted 24 weeks after denervation survived and regenerated axons. These results indicated that there is time for preparing cells for transplantation in regenerative medicine and suggested that our method may be useful for paralysed muscles that are not expected to recover with current treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyoshi Sawada
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kurimoto
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Tokutake
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sota Saeki
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hirata
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Gordon T. Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Muscle Reinnervation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228652. [PMID: 33212795 PMCID: PMC7697710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Injured peripheral nerves but not central nerves have the capacity to regenerate and reinnervate their target organs. After the two most severe peripheral nerve injuries of six types, crush and transection injuries, nerve fibers distal to the injury site undergo Wallerian degeneration. The denervated Schwann cells (SCs) proliferate, elongate and line the endoneurial tubes to guide and support regenerating axons. The axons emerge from the stump of the viable nerve attached to the neuronal soma. The SCs downregulate myelin-associated genes and concurrently, upregulate growth-associated genes that include neurotrophic factors as do the injured neurons. However, the gene expression is transient and progressively fails to support axon regeneration within the SC-containing endoneurial tubes. Moreover, despite some preference of regenerating motor and sensory axons to “find” their appropriate pathways, the axons fail to enter their original endoneurial tubes and to reinnervate original target organs, obstacles to functional recovery that confront nerve surgeons. Several surgical manipulations in clinical use, including nerve and tendon transfers, the potential for brief low-frequency electrical stimulation proximal to nerve repair, and local FK506 application to accelerate axon outgrowth, are encouraging as is the continuing research to elucidate the molecular basis of nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gordon
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Division of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, 06.9706 Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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Guedan-Duran A, Jemni-Damer N, Orueta-Zenarruzabeitia I, Guinea GV, Perez-Rigueiro J, Gonzalez-Nieto D, Panetsos F. Biomimetic Approaches for Separated Regeneration of Sensory and Motor Fibers in Amputee People: Necessary Conditions for Functional Integration of Sensory-Motor Prostheses With the Peripheral Nerves. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:584823. [PMID: 33224936 PMCID: PMC7670549 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.584823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system after an injury is limited, and a complete function is not recovered, mainly due to the loss of nerve tissue after the injury that causes a separation between the nerve ends and to the disorganized and intermingled growth of sensory and motor nerve fibers that cause erroneous reinnervations. Even though the development of biomaterials is a very promising field, today no significant results have been achieved. In this work, we study not only the characteristics that should have the support that will allow the growth of nerve fibers, but also the molecular profile necessary for a specific guidance. To do this, we carried out an exhaustive study of the molecular profile present during the regeneration of the sensory and motor fibers separately, as well as of the effect obtained by the administration and inhibition of different factors involved in the regeneration. In addition, we offer a complete design of the ideal characteristics of a biomaterial, which allows the growth of the sensory and motor neurons in a differentiated way, indicating (1) size and characteristics of the material; (2) necessity to act at the microlevel, on small groups of neurons; (3) combination of molecules and specific substrates; and (4) temporal profile of those molecules expression throughout the regeneration process. The importance of the design we offer is that it respects the complexity and characteristics of the regeneration process; it indicates the appropriate temporal conditions of molecular expression, in order to obtain a synergistic effect; it takes into account the importance of considering the process at the group of neuron level; and it gives an answer to the main limitations in the current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atocha Guedan-Duran
- Neuro-computing and Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Nahla Jemni-Damer
- Neuro-computing and Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irune Orueta-Zenarruzabeitia
- Neuro-computing and Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Víctor Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Material Science, Civil Engineering Superior School, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Perez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Material Science, Civil Engineering Superior School, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neuro-computing and Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
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Li R, Li DH, Zhang HY, Wang J, Li XK, Xiao J. Growth factors-based therapeutic strategies and their underlying signaling mechanisms for peripheral nerve regeneration. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1289-1300. [PMID: 32123299 PMCID: PMC7608263 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI), one of the most common concerns following trauma, can result in a significant loss of sensory or motor function. Restoration of the injured nerves requires a complex cellular and molecular response to rebuild the functional axons so that they can accurately connect with their original targets. However, there is no optimized therapy for complete recovery after PNI. Supplementation with exogenous growth factors (GFs) is an emerging and versatile therapeutic strategy for promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. GFs activate the downstream targets of various signaling cascades through binding with their corresponding receptors to exert their multiple effects on neurorestoration and tissue regeneration. However, the simple administration of GFs is insufficient for reconstructing PNI due to their short half‑life and rapid deactivation in body fluids. To overcome these shortcomings, several nerve conduits derived from biological tissue or synthetic materials have been developed. Their good biocompatibility and biofunctionality made them a suitable vehicle for the delivery of multiple GFs to support peripheral nerve regeneration. After repairing nerve defects, the controlled release of GFs from the conduit structures is able to continuously improve axonal regeneration and functional outcome. Thus, therapies with growth factor (GF) delivery systems have received increasing attention in recent years. Here, we mainly review the therapeutic capacity of GFs and their incorporation into nerve guides for repairing PNI. In addition, the possible receptors and signaling mechanisms of the GF family exerting their biological effects are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Duo-Hui Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Department of Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Stewart CE, Kan CFK, Stewart BR, Sanicola HW, Jung JP, Sulaiman OAR, Wang D. Machine intelligence for nerve conduit design and production. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:25. [PMID: 32944070 PMCID: PMC7487837 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have emerged from recent advances within tissue engineering as a promising alternative to autografts for peripheral nerve repair. NGCs are tubular structures with engineered biomaterials, which guide axonal regeneration from the injured proximal nerve to the distal stump. NGC design can synergistically combine multiple properties to enhance proliferation of stem and neuronal cells, improve nerve migration, attenuate inflammation and reduce scar tissue formation. The aim of most laboratories fabricating NGCs is the development of an automated process that incorporates patient-specific features and complex tissue blueprints (e.g. neurovascular conduit) that serve as the basis for more complicated muscular and skin grafts. One of the major limitations for tissue engineering is lack of guidance for generating tissue blueprints and the absence of streamlined manufacturing processes. With the rapid expansion of machine intelligence, high dimensional image analysis, and computational scaffold design, optimized tissue templates for 3D bioprinting (3DBP) are feasible. In this review, we examine the translational challenges to peripheral nerve regeneration and where machine intelligence can innovate bottlenecks in neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb E. Stewart
- Current Affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport Louisiana, USA
| | - Chin Fung Kelvin Kan
- Current Affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Brody R. Stewart
- Current Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Henry W. Sanicola
- Current Affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport Louisiana, USA
| | - Jangwook P. Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Olawale A. R. Sulaiman
- Ochsner Neural Injury & Regeneration Laboratory, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, 70121 USA
| | - Dadong Wang
- Quantitative Imaging Research Team, Data 61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Marsfield, NSW 2122 Australia
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15
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Zuo KJ, Gordon T, Chan KM, Borschel GH. Electrical stimulation to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration: Update in molecular investigations and clinical translation. Exp Neurol 2020; 332:113397. [PMID: 32628968 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are common and frequently result in incomplete functional recovery even with optimal surgical treatment. Permanent motor and sensory deficits are associated with significant patient morbidity and socioeconomic burden. Despite substantial research efforts to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration, few effective and clinically feasible treatment options have been found. One promising strategy is the use of low frequency electrical stimulation delivered perioperatively to an injured nerve at the time of surgical repair. Possibly through its effect of increasing intraneuronal cyclic AMP, perioperative electrical stimulation accelerates axon outgrowth, remyelination of regenerating axons, and reinnervation of end organs, even with delayed surgical intervention. Building on decades of experimental evidence in animal models, several recent, prospective, randomized clinical trials have affirmed electrical stimulation as a clinically translatable technique to enhance functional recovery in patients with peripheral nerve injuries requiring surgical treatment. This paper provides an updated review of the cellular physiology of electrical stimulation and its effects on axon regeneration, Level I evidence from recent prospective randomized clinical trials of electrical stimulation, and ongoing and future directions of research into electrical stimulation as a clinically feasible adjunct to surgical intervention in the treatment of patients with peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Zuo
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K Ming Chan
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gregory H Borschel
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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16
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Samadian H, Maleki H, Fathollahi A, Salehi M, Gholizadeh S, Derakhshankhah H, Allahyari Z, Jaymand M. Naturally occurring biological macromolecules-based hydrogels: Potential biomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:795-817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Lin Y, Xie Z, Zhou J, Yin G, Lin H. Differential gene and protein expression in gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle following tibial and peroneal nerve injury in rats. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 35:119079. [PMID: 31811940 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.119079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is encountered quite commonly in the clinic, and treatment results are often not satisfactory. Therefore, promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery is a primary goal of neuroscience research. Recovery of corresponding target muscle can differ following peripheral nerve injury, but the reasons are unknown. Herein, we investigated differential gene and protein expression in gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle following tibial and common peroneal nerve injury using RNA sequencing and proteomics approaches, and analysed the results by bioinformatics. In total, 1794, 1765, 1656 and 2006 differential genes and 398, 400, 959 and 472 differential proteins were identified in gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery, related to activation of 51 signalling pathways. Differential expression of these genes and proteins may contribute to the degree of recovery of target organs following peripheral nerve injury. The findings provide a foundation for investigating regeneration mechanisms following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofa Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Zheng Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Haodong Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
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18
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Saltzman EB, Villa JC, Doty SB, Feinberg JH, Lee SK, Wolfe SW. A Comparison Between Two Collagen Nerve Conduits and Nerve Autograft: A Rat Model of Motor Nerve Regeneration. J Hand Surg Am 2019; 44:700.e1-700.e9. [PMID: 30502013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare recovery in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury using a novel polyglycolic acid (PGA) conduit, which contains collagen fibers within the tube, as compared with both a hollow collagen conduit and nerve autograft. We hypothesize that a conduit with a scaffold will provide improved nerve regeneration over hollow conduits and demonstrate no significant differences when compared with autograft. METHODS A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 3 experimental groups, in which a unilateral 10-mm sciatic defect was repaired using either nerve autograft, a hollow collagen conduit, or a PGA collagen-filled conduit. Outcomes were measured at 12 and 16 weeks after surgery, and included bilateral tibialis anterior muscle weight, voltage and force maximal contractility, assessment of ankle contracture, and nerve histology. RESULTS In all groups, outcomes improved between 12 and 16 weeks. On average, the autograft group outperformed both conduit groups, and the hollow conduit demonstrated improved outcomes when compared with the PGA collagen-filled conduit. Differences in contractile force, however, were significant only at 12 weeks (autograft > hollow collagen conduit > PGA collagen-filled conduit). At 16 weeks, contractile force demonstrated no significant difference but corroborated the same absolute results (autograft > hollow collagen conduit > PGA collagen-filled conduit). CONCLUSIONS Nerve repair using autograft provided superior motor nerve recovery over the 2 conduits for a 10-mm nerve gap in a murine acute transection injury model. The hollow collagen conduit demonstrated superior results when compared with the PGA collagen-filled conduit. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of a hollow collagen conduit provides superior motor nerve recovery as compared with a PGA collagen-filled conduit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Saltzman
- Center for Brachial Plexus and Traumatic Nerve Injury, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Jordan C Villa
- Center for Brachial Plexus and Traumatic Nerve Injury, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Stephen B Doty
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, New York, NY
| | - Joseph H Feinberg
- Center for Brachial Plexus and Traumatic Nerve Injury, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Steve K Lee
- Center for Brachial Plexus and Traumatic Nerve Injury, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Scott W Wolfe
- Center for Brachial Plexus and Traumatic Nerve Injury, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY.
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19
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GDNF pretreatment overcomes Schwann cell phenotype mismatch to promote motor axon regeneration via sensory graft. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:258-266. [PMID: 31100319 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the clinic, severe motor nerve injury is commonly repaired by autologous sensory nerve bridging, but the ability of Schwann cells (SCs) in sensory nerves to support motor neuron axon growth is poor due to phenotype mismatch. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that sensory-derived SCs overcome phenotypic mismatch-induced growth inhibition after pretreatment with exogenous glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and induce motor neuron axonal growth. Thus, we introduced a novel staging surgery: In the first stage of surgery, the denervated sensory nerve was pretreated with sustained-release GDNF, which was encapsulated into a self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold (SAPNS) RADA-16I in the donor area in vivo. In the second stage of surgery, the pretreated sensory grafts were transplanted to repair motor nerve injury. Motor axon regeneration and remyelination and muscle functional recovery after the second surgery was compared to those in the control groups. The expression of genes previously shown to be differently expressed in motor and sensory SCs was also analyzed in pretreated sensory grafts by qRT-PCR to explore possible changes after exogenous GDNF application. Exogenous GDNF acted directly on the denervated sensory nerve graft in vivo, increasing the expression of endogenous GDNF and sensory SC-derived marker brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). After transplantation to repair motor nerve injury, exogenous GDNF pretreatment promoted the regeneration and remyelination of proximal motor axons and the recovery of muscle function. Further research into how phenotype, gene expression and changes in neurotrophic factors in SCs are affected by GDNF will help us design more effective methods to treat peripheral nerve injury.
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20
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Hausott B, Klimaschewski L. Promotion of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by Stimulation of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Pathway. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1261-1267. [PMID: 30951263 PMCID: PMC6767477 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripherally projecting neurons undergo significant morphological changes during development and regeneration. This neuroplasticity is controlled by growth factors, which bind specific membrane bound kinase receptors that in turn activate two major intracellular signal transduction cascades. Besides the PI3 kinase/AKT pathway, activated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) plays a key role in regulating the mode and speed of peripheral axon outgrowth in the adult stage. Cell culture studies and animal models revealed that ERK signaling is mainly involved in elongative axon growth in vitro and long‐distance nerve regeneration in vivo. Here, we review ERK dependent morphological plasticity in adult peripheral neurons and evaluate the therapeutic potential of interfering with regulators of ERK signaling to promote nerve regeneration. Anat Rec, 302:1261–1267, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hausott
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Neuroanatomy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lars Klimaschewski
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Neuroanatomy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Masgutov R, Masgutova G, Mullakhmetova A, Zhuravleva M, Shulman A, Rogozhin A, Syromiatnikova V, Andreeva D, Zeinalova A, Idrisova K, Allegrucci C, Kiyasov A, Rizvanov A. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applied in Fibrin Glue Stimulate Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:68. [PMID: 31024916 PMCID: PMC6465797 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold a great promise for cell therapy. To date, they represent one of the best choices for the treatment of post-traumatic injuries of the peripheral nervous system. Although autologous can be easily transplanted in the injured area, clinical advances in this filed have been impaired by lack of preservation of graft cells into the injury area after transplantation. Indeed, cell viability is not retained after injection into the blood stream, and cells injected directly into the area of injury either are washed off or inhibit regeneration through scar formation and neuroma development. This study proposes a new way of MSCs delivery to the area of traumatic injury by using fibrin glue, which not only fixes cells at the site of application but also provides extracellular matrix support. Using a sciatic nerve injury model, MSC derived from adipose tissue embedded in fibrin glue were able to enter the nerve and migrate mainly retrogradely after transplantation. They also demonstrated a neuroprotective effect on DRG L5 sensory neurons and stimulated axon growth and myelination. Post-traumatic changes of the sensory neuron phenotype were also improved. Importantly, MSCs stimulated nerve angiogenesis and motor function recovery. Therefore, our data suggest that MSC therapy using fibrin glue is a safe and efficient method of cell transplantation in cases of sciatic nerve injury, and that this method of delivery of regeneration stimulants could be beneficial for the successful treatment of other central and peripheral nervous system conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Masgutov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Republic Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia
| | - Galina Masgutova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Adelya Mullakhmetova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Margarita Zhuravleva
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Shulman
- Scientific Department, Republic Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander Rogozhin
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Department of Neurology, Kazan State Medical Academy, Branch of Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya Syromiatnikova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Dina Andreeva
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alina Zeinalova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Kamilla Idrisova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey Kiyasov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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22
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Lin YF, Xie Z, Zhou J, Yin G, Lin HD. Differential gene and protein expression between rat tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve during Wallerian degeneration. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2183-2191. [PMID: 31397358 PMCID: PMC6788246 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Wallerian degeneration and nerve regeneration after injury are complex processes involving many genes, proteins and cytokines. After different peripheral nerve injuries the regeneration rate can differ. Whether this is caused by differential expression of genes and proteins during Wallerian degeneration remains unclear. The right tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve of the same rat were exposed and completely cut through and then sutured in the same horizontal plane. On days 1, 7, 14, and 21 after surgery, 1–2 cm of nerve tissue distal to the suture site was dissected out from the tibial and common peroneal nerves. The differences in gene and protein expression during Wallerian degeneration of the injured nerves were then studied by RNA sequencing and proteomic techniques. In the tibial and common peroneal nerves, there were 1718, 1374, 1187, and 2195 differentially expressed genes, and 477, 447, 619, and 495 differentially expressed proteins on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 after surgery, respectively. Forty-seven pathways were activated during Wallerian degeneration. Three genes showing significant differential expression by RNA sequencing (Hoxd4, Lpcat4 and Tbx1) were assayed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results were consistent. Our findings showed that expression of genes and proteins in injured tibial and the common peroneal nerves were significantly different during Wallerian degeneration at different time points. This suggests that the biological processes during Wallerian degeneration are different in different peripheral nerves after injury. The procedure was approved by the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee of the Second Military Medical University, China (approval No. CZ20160218) on February 18, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Fa Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Dong Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Zhang Z, Zhang C, Li Z, Zhang S, Liu J, Bai Y, Pan J, Zhang C. Collagen/β‐TCP nerve guidance conduits promote facial nerve regeneration in mini‐swine and the underlying biological mechanism: A pilot in vivo study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1122-1131. [PMID: 30261120 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- School of StomatologyCapital Medical University Dongcheng China
| | - Chengyao Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zheyi Li
- School of StomatologyCapital Medical University Dongcheng China
- Institute for Clinical Research and Application of Sunny DentalSunny Dental Clinic‐Shine Hills Beijing China
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- School of StomatologyCapital Medical University Dongcheng China
| | - Juli Pan
- School of StomatologyCapital Medical University Dongcheng China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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Li R, Li Y, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Chen H, Yuan Y, Xu K, Zhang H, Lu Y, Wang J, Li X, Jia X, Xiao J. Heparin-Poloxamer Thermosensitive Hydrogel Loaded with bFGF and NGF Enhances Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Diabetic Rats. Biomaterials 2018; 168:24-37. [PMID: 29609091 PMCID: PMC5935004 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a major burden to society with limited therapeutic options, and novel biomaterials have great potential for shifting the current paradigm of treatment. With a rising prevalence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus (DM), treatment of PNI is further complicated, and only few studies have proposed therapies suitable for peripheral nerve regeneration in DM. To provide a supportive environment to restore structure and/or function of nerves in DM, we developed a novel thermo-sensitive heparin-poloxamer (HP) hydrogel co-delivered with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in diabetic rats with sciatic nerve crush injury. The delivery vehicle not only had a good affinity for large amounts of growth factors (GFs), but also controlled their release in a steady fashion, preventing degradation in vitro. In vivo, compared with HP hydrogel alone or direct GFs administration, GFs-HP hydrogel treatment is more effective at facilitating Schwann cell (SC) proliferation, leading to an increased expression of nerve associated structural proteins, enhanced axonal regeneration and remyelination, and improved recovery of motor function (all p < 0.05). Our mechanistic investigation also revealed that these neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of the GFs-HP hydrogel may be associated with activations of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathways. Our work provides a promising therapy option for peripheral nerve regeneration in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yingzheng Zhao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Ke Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yingfeng Lu
- Department of Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Orthopaedics, Anatomy Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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25
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D’Arpa S, Zabbia G, Cannizzaro C, Salimbeni G, Plescia F, Mariolo AV, Cassata G, Cicero L, Puleio R, Martorana A, Moschella F, Cordova A. Seeding nerve sutures with minced nerve-graft (MINE-G): a simple method to improve nerve regeneration in rats. Acta Chir Belg 2018; 118:27-35. [PMID: 28738725 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2017.1353237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the effect of seeding the distal nerve suture with nerve fragments in rats. METHODS On 20 rats, a 15 mm sciatic nerve defect was reconstructed with a nerve autograft. In the Study Group (10 rats), a minced 1 mm nerve segment was seeded around the nerve suture. In the Control Group (10 rats), a nerve graft alone was used. At 4 and 12 weeks, a walking track analysis with open field test (WTA), hystomorphometry (number of myelinated fibers (n), fiber density (FD) and fiber area (FA) and soleus and gastrocnemius muscle weight ratios (MWR) were evaluated. The Student t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS At 4 and 12 weeks the Study Group had a significantly higher n and FD (p = .043 and .033). The SMWR was significantly higher in the Study Group at 12 weeks (p = .0207). CONCLUSIONS Seeding the distal nerve suture with nerve fragments increases the number of myelinated fibers, the FD and the SMWR. The technique seems promising and deserves further investigation to clarify the mechanisms involved and its functional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore D’Arpa
- Plastische Heelkunde, Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Zabbia
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care ‘GIUSEPPE D’ALESSANDRO’, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Plescia
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care ‘GIUSEPPE D’ALESSANDRO’, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessio Vincenzo Mariolo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cassata
- Laboratory Animal House/Unit, Institute of Experimental Zooprophylactic of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Cicero
- Laboratory Animal House/Unit, Institute of Experimental Zooprophylactic of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry Laboratory, Institute Experimental Zooprophylactic of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Martorana
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Moschella
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana Cordova
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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26
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Bendella H, Rink S, Grosheva M, Sarikcioglu L, Gordon T, Angelov DN. Putative roles of soluble trophic factors in facial nerve regeneration, target reinnervation, and recovery of vibrissal whisking. Exp Neurol 2017; 300:100-110. [PMID: 29104116 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that, after nerve transection and surgical repair, misdirected regrowth of regenerating motor axons may occur in three ways. The first way is that the axons enter into endoneurial tubes that they did not previously occupy, regenerate through incorrect fascicles and reinnervate muscles that they did not formerly supply. Consequently the activation of these muscles results in inappropriate movements. The second way is that, in contrast with the precise target-directed pathfinding by elongating motor nerves during embryonic development, several axons rather than a single axon grow out from each transected nerve fiber. The third way of misdirection occurs by the intramuscular terminal branching (sprouting) of each regenerating axon to culminate in some polyinnervation of neuromuscular junctions, i.e. reinnervation of junctions by more than a single axon. Presently, "fascicular" or "topographic specificity" cannot be achieved and hence target-directed nerve regeneration is, as yet, unattainable. Nonetheless, motor and sensory reinnervation of appropriate endoneurial tubes does occur and can be promoted by brief nerve electrical stimulation. This review considers the expression of neurotrophic factors in the neuromuscular system and how this expression can promote functional recovery, with emphasis on the whisking of vibrissae on the rat face in relationship to the expression of the factors. Evidence is reviewed for a role of neurotrophic factors as short-range diffusible sprouting stimuli in promoting complete functional recovery of vibrissal whisking in blind Sprague Dawley (SD)/RCS rats but not in SD rats with normal vision, after facial nerve transection and surgical repair. Briefly, a complicated time course of growth factor expression in the nerves and denervated muscles include (1) an early increase in FGF2 and IGF2, (2) reduced NGF between 2 and 14days after nerve transection and surgical repair, (3) a late rise in BDNF and (4) reduced IGF1 protein in the denervated muscles at 28days. These findings suggest that recovery of motor function after peripheral nerve injury is due, at least in part, to a complex regulation of nerve injury-associated neurotrophic factors and cytokines at the neuromuscular junctions of denervated muscles. In particular, the increase of FGF2 and concomittant decrease of NGF during the first week after facial nerve-nerve anastomosis in SD/RCS blind rats may prevent intramuscular axon sprouting and, in turn, reduce poly-innervation of the neuromuscular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Bendella
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Svenja Rink
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Grosheva
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Tessa Gordon
- Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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27
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López-Cebral R, Silva-Correia J, Reis RL, Silva TH, Oliveira JM. Peripheral Nerve Injury: Current Challenges, Conventional Treatment Approaches, and New Trends in Biomaterials-Based Regenerative Strategies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3098-3122. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. López-Cebral
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J. Silva-Correia
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - R. L. Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - T. H. Silva
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J. M. Oliveira
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Abstract
The present study presented a protocol that can be used to obtain rapidly a high purity of proliferating rat Schwann cells from freshly dissociated rat peripheral nerves. The sciatic nerves of newborn rats (1–3 day old) were dissociated, and the Schwann cells (SCs) were purified using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on the SC membrane-specific expression of the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor, p75NGFR and oligodendrocyte marker 4. Following sorting, the cells were plated on poly-l-lysine-coated dishes in SC culture medium containing DMEM with 10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 2 µM forskolin and 10 ng/ml HRG. The purified rat SCs were propagated for passaging until confluent. This protocol resulted in SC cultures, which were >98% pure. This FACS-based protocol can be used to facilitate future investigations of general SC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Shen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co‑innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co‑innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xuemin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co‑innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co‑innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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29
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Zhang W, Fang X, Zhang C, Li W, Wong WM, Xu Y, Wu W, Lin J. Transplantation of embryonic spinal cord neurons to the injured distal nerve promotes axonal regeneration after delayed nerve repair. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:750-762. [PMID: 27973754 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) usually results in poor functional recovery. Nerve repair is the common clinical treatment for PNI but is always obstructed by the chronic degeneration of the distal stump and muscle. Cell transplantation can alleviate the muscle atrophy after PNI, but the subsequent recovery of the locomotive function is seldom described. In this study, we combined cell transplantation and nerve repair to investigate whether the transplantation of embryonic spinal cord cells could benefit the delayed nerve repair. The experiment consisted of 3 stages: transection of the tibial nerve to induce 'pre-degeneration', a second surgery performed 2 weeks later for transplantation of E14 embryonic spinal cord cells or vehicle (culture medium) at the distal end of the injured nerve, and, 3 months later, the removal of the grafted cells and the cross-suturing of the residual distal end to the proximal end of a freshly cut ipsilateral common peroneal (CP) nerve. Cell survival and fate after the transplantation were investigated, and the functional recovery after the cross-suturing was compared between the groups. The grafted cells could survive and generate motor neurons, extending axons that were subsequently myelinated and forming synapses with the muscle. After the cross-suturing, the axonal regeneration from the proximal stump of the injured CP nerve and the functional recovery of the denervated gastrocnemius muscle were significantly promoted in the group receiving the cells. Our study presents a new perspective indicating that the transplantation of embryonic spinal cord neurons may be a valuable therapeutic strategy for PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China.,Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Joint Laboratory for CNS Regeneration, Jinan University and The University of Hong Kong, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Man Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yejun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Wutian Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Joint Laboratory for CNS Regeneration, Jinan University and The University of Hong Kong, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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30
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Gordon T, Borschel GH. The use of the rat as a model for studying peripheral nerve regeneration and sprouting after complete and partial nerve injuries. Exp Neurol 2017; 287:331-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Gordon T, de Zepetnek JET. Motor unit and muscle fiber type grouping after peripheral nerve injury in the rat. Exp Neurol 2016; 285:24-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Birbrair A, Frenette PS. Niche heterogeneity in the bone marrow. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1370:82-96. [PMID: 27015419 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In adult mammals, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are defined by their abilities to self-renew and to differentiate to form all blood cell lineages. These rare multipotent cells occupy specific locations in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. The specific microenvironment regulating HSCs, commonly referred to as the niche, comprises multiple cell types whose exact contributions are under active investigation. Understanding cellular cross talk involving HSCs in the BM microenvironment is of fundamental importance for harnessing therapies against benign and malignant blood diseases. In this review, we summarize and evaluate recent advances in our understanding of niche heterogeneity and its influence on HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Birbrair
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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33
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Grosheva M, Nohroudi K, Schwarz A, Rink S, Bendella H, Sarikcioglu L, Klimaschewski L, Gordon T, Angelov DN. Comparison of trophic factors' expression between paralyzed and recovering muscles after facial nerve injury. A quantitative analysis in time course. Exp Neurol 2016; 279:137-148. [PMID: 26940083 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, recovery of motor performance negatively correlates with the poly-innervation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) due to excessive sprouting of the terminal Schwann cells. Denervated muscles produce short-range diffusible sprouting stimuli, of which some are neurotrophic factors. Based on recent data that vibrissal whisking is restored perfectly during facial nerve regeneration in blind rats from the Sprague Dawley (SD)/RCS strain, we compared the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), insulin growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1, IGF2) and nerve growth factor (NGF) between SD/RCS and SD-rats with normal vision but poor recovery of whisking function after facial nerve injury. To establish which trophic factors might be responsible for proper NMJ-reinnervation, the transected facial nerve was surgically repaired (facial-facial anastomosis, FFA) for subsequent analysis of mRNA and proteins expressed in the levator labii superioris muscle. A complicated time course of expression included (1) a late rise in BDNF protein that followed earlier elevated gene expression, (2) an early increase in FGF2 and IGF2 protein after 2 days with sustained gene expression, (3) reduced IGF1 protein at 28 days coincident with decline of raised mRNA levels to baseline, and (4) reduced NGF protein between 2 and 14 days with maintained gene expression found in blind rats but not the rats with normal vision. These findings suggest that recovery of motor function after peripheral nerve injury is due, at least in part, to a complex regulation of lesion-associated neurotrophic factors and cytokines in denervated muscles. The increase of FGF-2 protein and concomittant decrease of NGF (with no significant changes in BDNF or IGF levels) during the first week following FFA in SD/RCS blind rats possibly prevents the distal branching of regenerating axons resulting in reduced poly-innervation of motor endplates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grosheva
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Alisa Schwarz
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Svenja Rink
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Habib Bendella
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Merheim, University of Witten-Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Lars Klimaschewski
- Division of Neuroanatomy Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Department of Surgery,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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34
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Aikeremujiang Muheremu, Ao Q, Wang Y, Cao P, Peng J. Femoral nerve regeneration and its accuracy under different injury mechanisms. Neural Regen Res 2015. [PMID: 26692867 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.167768.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical accuracy has greatly improved with the advent of microsurgical techniques. However, complete functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury has not been achieved to date. The mechanisms hindering accurate regeneration of damaged axons after peripheral nerve injury are in urgent need of exploration. The present study was designed to explore the mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration after different types of injury. Femoral nerves of rats were injured by crushing or freezing. At 2, 3, 6, and 12 weeks after injury, axons were retrogradely labeled using 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil) and True Blue, and motor and sensory axons that had regenerated at the site of injury were counted. The number and percentage of Dil-labeled neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord increased over time. No significant differences were found in the number of labeled neurons between the freeze and crush injury groups at any time point. Our results confirmed that the accuracy of peripheral nerve regeneration increased with time, after both crush and freeze injury, and indicated that axonal regeneration accuracy was still satisfactory after freezing, despite the prolonged damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikeremujiang Muheremu
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ; Institute of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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35
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Aikeremujiang Muheremu, Ao Q, Wang Y, Cao P, Peng J. Femoral nerve regeneration and its accuracy under different injury mechanisms. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1669-73. [PMID: 26692867 PMCID: PMC4660763 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.167768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical accuracy has greatly improved with the advent of microsurgical techniques. However, complete functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury has not been achieved to date. The mechanisms hindering accurate regeneration of damaged axons after peripheral nerve injury are in urgent need of exploration. The present study was designed to explore the mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration after different types of injury. Femoral nerves of rats were injured by crushing or freezing. At 2, 3, 6, and 12 weeks after injury, axons were retrogradely labeled using 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil) and True Blue, and motor and sensory axons that had regenerated at the site of injury were counted. The number and percentage of Dil-labeled neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord increased over time. No significant differences were found in the number of labeled neurons between the freeze and crush injury groups at any time point. Our results confirmed that the accuracy of peripheral nerve regeneration increased with time, after both crush and freeze injury, and indicated that axonal regeneration accuracy was still satisfactory after freezing, despite the prolonged damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikeremujiang Muheremu
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ; Institute of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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36
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Past, Present, and Future of Nerve Conduits in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:237507. [PMID: 26491662 PMCID: PMC4600484 DOI: 10.1155/2015/237507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With significant advances in the research and application of nerve conduits, they have been used to repair peripheral nerve injury for several decades. Nerve conduits range from biological tubes to synthetic tubes, and from nondegradable tubes to biodegradable tubes. Researchers have explored hollow tubes, tubes filled with scaffolds containing neurotrophic factors, and those seeded with Schwann cells or stem cells. The therapeutic effect of nerve conduits is improving with increasing choice of conduit material, new construction of conduits, and the inclusion of neurotrophic factors and support cells in the conduits. Improvements in functional outcomes are expected when these are optimized for use in clinical practice.
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37
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Gordon T, English AW. Strategies to promote peripheral nerve regeneration: electrical stimulation and/or exercise. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 43:336-50. [PMID: 26121368 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing the regeneration of axons is often considered to be a therapeutic target for improving functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. In this review, the evidence for the efficacy of electrical stimulation (ES), daily exercise and their combination in promoting nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries in both animal models and in human patients is explored. The rationale, effectiveness and molecular basis of ES and exercise in accelerating axon outgrowth are reviewed. In comparing the effects of ES and exercise in enhancing axon regeneration, increased neural activity, neurotrophins and androgens are considered to be common requirements. Similarly, there are sex-specific requirements for exercise to enhance axon regeneration in the periphery and for sustaining synaptic inputs onto injured motoneurons. ES promotes nerve regeneration after delayed nerve repair in humans and rats. The effectiveness of exercise is less clear. Although ES, but not exercise, results in a significant misdirection of regenerating motor axons to reinnervate different muscle targets, the loss of neuromuscular specificity encountered has only a very small impact on resulting functional recovery. Both ES and exercise are promising experimental treatments for peripheral nerve injury that seem to be ready to be translated to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gordon
- Division of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, 06.9706 Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M4G 1X8, Canada
| | - Arthur W English
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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38
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Nerve cross-bridging to enhance nerve regeneration in a rat model of delayed nerve repair. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127397. [PMID: 26016986 PMCID: PMC4446033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently no available options to promote nerve regeneration through chronically denervated distal nerve stumps. Here we used a rat model of delayed nerve repair asking of prior insertion of side-to-side cross-bridges between a donor tibial (TIB) nerve and a recipient denervated common peroneal (CP) nerve stump ameliorates poor nerve regeneration. First, numbers of retrogradely-labelled TIB neurons that grew axons into the nerve stump within three months, increased with the size of the perineurial windows opened in the TIB and CP nerves. Equal numbers of donor TIB axons regenerated into CP stumps either side of the cross-bridges, not being affected by target neurotrophic effects, or by removing the perineurium to insert 5-9 cross-bridges. Second, CP nerve stumps were coapted three months after inserting 0-9 cross-bridges and the number of 1) CP neurons that regenerated their axons within three months or 2) CP motor nerves that reinnervated the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle within five months was determined by counting and motor unit number estimation (MUNE), respectively. We found that three but not more cross-bridges promoted the regeneration of axons and reinnervation of EDL muscle by all the CP motoneurons as compared to only 33% regenerating their axons when no cross-bridges were inserted. The same 3-fold increase in sensory nerve regeneration was found. In conclusion, side-to-side cross-bridges ameliorate poor regeneration after delayed nerve repair possibly by sustaining the growth-permissive state of denervated nerve stumps. Such autografts may be used in human repair surgery to improve outcomes after unavoidable delays.
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39
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Chan KM, Gordon T, Zochodne DW, Power HA. Improving peripheral nerve regeneration: from molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutic targets. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:826-35. [PMID: 25220611 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is common especially among young individuals. Although injured neurons have the ability to regenerate, the rate is slow and functional outcomes are often poor. Several potential therapeutic agents have shown considerable promise for improving the survival and regenerative capacity of injured neurons. These agents are reviewed within the context of their molecular mechanisms. The PI3K/Akt and Ras/ERK signaling cascades play a key role in neuronal survival. A number of agents that target these pathways, including erythropoietin, tacrolimus, acetyl-l-carnitine, n-acetylcysteine and geldanamycin have been shown to be effective. Trk receptor signaling events that up-regulate cAMP play an important role in enhancing the rate of axonal outgrowth. Agents that target this pathway including rolipram, testosterone, fasudil, ibuprofen and chondroitinase ABC hold considerable promise for human application. A tantalizing prospect is to combine different molecular targeting strategies in complementary pathways to optimize their therapeutic effects. Although further study is needed prior to human trials, these modalities could open a new horizon in the clinical arena that has so far been elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ming Chan
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Canada; Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hollie A Power
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alberta, Canada
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40
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Tzekova N, Heinen A, Küry P. Molecules involved in the crosstalk between immune- and peripheral nerve Schwann cells. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34 Suppl 1:S86-104. [PMID: 24740512 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system and establish myelin sheaths on large caliber axons in order to accelerate their electrical signal propagation. Apart from this well described function, these cells revealed to exhibit a high degree of differentiation plasticity as they were shown to re- and dedifferentiate upon injury and disease as well as to actively participate in regenerative- and inflammatory processes. This review focuses on the crosstalk between glial- and immune cells observed in many peripheral nerve pathologies and summarizes functional evidences of molecules, regulators and factors involved in this process. We summarize data on Schwann cell's role presenting antigens, on interactions with the complement system, on Schwann cell surface molecules/receptors and on secreted factors involved in immune cell interactions or para-/autocrine signaling events, thus strengthening the view for a broader (patho) physiological role of this cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Tzekova
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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